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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Culture of New York City]] |
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Revision as of 06:55, 5 July 2011
Nuyorican Movement | |||||||
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File:Giannina Braschi.jpg |
The Nuyorican Movement is an intellectual movement involving poets, writers, musicians and artists who are Puerto Rican or of Puerto Rican descent, who live in or near New York City, and either call themselves or are known as "Nuyoricans".[1]
Literature and poetry
Some of the best known "Nuyorican" writers and poets who have written about their experiences of being a Puerto Rican in New York and who have been responsible for the "Nuyorican Movement", directly or indirectly, are:
- Jesús Colón, "Father of the Nuyorican Movement" and author of A Puerto Rican in New York[2]
- Giannina Braschi, poet and novelist, author of "Yo-Yo Boing!"[3]
- Esmeralda Santiago, author of "When I was Puerto Rican"[4]
- Piri Thomas, author of Down These Mean Streets[5]
- Nancy Mercado, author of It Concerns the Madness[6] She also served as an editor for the renown publication, Long Shot for eleven years.
- Shaggy Flores, author of Sancocho: A Book of Nuyorican Poetry
- Bonafide Rojas, author of "Pelo Bueno: A Day In The Life Of A Nuyorican Poet" [7]
- Sandra Maria Estevez
- Jesus Papoleto Melendez
- Tato Laviera
- Miguel Algarín
- Bittman "Bimbo Rivas
- Lucky Cienfuegos
- Jorge Brandon aka El Coco que Habla
- Pedro Pietri
- Victor Hernandez Cruz
- Jose Angel Figueroa
The Nuyorican Poets Cafe, a non-profit organization in Alphabet City, Manhattan founded by Pedro Pietri, Miguel Piñero and Miguel Algarín, is a bastion of the Nuyorican Movement. Edwin Torres, a well-known Nuyorican poet, is a regular at the cafe. Other modern day notable Nuyorican poets include Willie Perdomo, Lemon Lemon Andersen, Caridad de la Luz(La Bruja) and Emanuel Xavier. Fairly new poets making their mark in the Nuyorican poetry community are Jani Rosado (Jani Bomba Rose of musingsandscribbles.com), Roberto Plena Irizarry (BombaPlena on YouTube) and Angelique Imani Rodriguez (penhittingpaper.com).[8]
Music
"Nuyorican" music became popular in the 1960s with the recordings of Tito Puente's "Oye Como Va" [9] and Ray Barretto's "El Watusi" and incorporated Spanglish lyrics.[10]
Latin bands who had formerly played the imported styles of Cha-cha-cha or Charanga began to develop their own unique Nuyorican music style by adding flutes and violins to their orchestras. This new style came to be known as the Latin Boogaloo. Some of the musicians who helped develop this unique music were Joe Cuba with "Bang Bang",[11] Richie Ray and Bobby Cruz with "Mr. Trumpet Man", and the brothers Charlie and Eddie Palmieri.[1] Subsequently, Nuyorican music has evolved into Latin rap, Freestyle music, rap, Salsa, and reggaeton.
The development of the Nuyorican music can be seen in salsa and hip hop music. Musician and singer Willie Colón shows this diaspora in his salsa music by blending the sounds of the trombone, an instrument popular in the New York urban scene, and the cuatro, an instrument native to Puerto Rico and prevalent in salsa music. Furthermore, many salsa songs address this diaspora and relationship between the homeland, in this case Puerto Rico, and the migrant community, New York City.[1] Some see the positives and negatives in this exchange, but often the homeland questions the cultural authenticity of the migrants. In salsa music, the same occurs. the Puerto Ricans question the validity and authenticity of the music. Today, salsa music has expanded to incorporate the sounds of Africa, Cuba, and other Latin American countries, creating more of a salsa fusion. In addition, with the second and third generations of the Nuyoricans, the new debated and diasporic sound is hip hop. With hip hop, the Nuyoricans gave back to Puerto Rico with rappers like Vico C and Big Pun, who created music that people in both New York and Puerto Rico could relate to and identify with. Other notable Puerto Rican's who made contributions to hip-hop were Dj Disco Wiz, Prince Whipper Whip, Dj Charlie Chase, Tony Touch, Tego Calderon, Fat Joe, Jim Jones, N.O.R.E, Joel Ortiz, and Lloyd Banks (Puerto Rican Mother). Currently groups like Circa '95 (PattyDukes & RephStar) are continuing the traditions as torchbearers of the Nuyorican Hip-Hop movement. Thus the musical relationship between the United States and Puerto Rico has become a circular exchange and blended fusion, as embodied in the name Nuyorican.[1]
Playwrights
Among playwrights who pioneered the Nuyorican movement were Luis Rafael Sánchez, author of "La Guaracha Del Macho Camacho"[12] and René Marqués whose production of The Oxcart (La Carreta) traces the life of a Puerto Rican family who moved from the country to San Juan and then to New York, only to realize that they would rather live a poor life in Puerto Rico than face discrimination in the United States.[13]
Miguel Piñero became an acclaimed playwright with Short Eyes, a drama about prison life which received a Tony Award nomination and won an Obie Award. Judge Edwin Torres wrote Carlito's Way, the saga of a Puerto Rican drug dealer which eventually became a Hollywood film.[14]
Puerto Rican actress Míriam Colón founded the "Puerto Rican Traveling Theater" which gives young actors the opportunity to participate in its productions. Some of the productions, such as "Simpson Street" concern life in a New York's ghettos.[15]
Further reading
- Allatson, Paul. Key Terms in Latino/a Cultural and Literary Studies. Blackwell Publishing, 2007.
- Flores, Juan. 2004. "Creolite in the 'Hood: Diaspora as Source and Challenge. Centro 16, no. 2 (Fall):283-289.
See also
References
- ^ a b c d Allatson, Paul. Key Terms in Latino/a Cultural and Literary Studies. Blackwell Publishing, 2007.
- ^ Biography of Jesus Colon
- ^ The Boston Globe, "Spanglish is everywhere now, which is no problema for some, but a pain in the cuello for purists," by Ilan Stavans, 9/14/2003.
- ^ Random House
- ^ Life and Flow
- ^ [1]
- ^ http://www.shaggyflores.com/pelobuenobookinfo.htm
- ^ About the Nuyorican Poets Café
- ^ Awards and Medals from Smithsonian
- ^ Grammy-winning Latin-jazz drummer Ray Barretto dies at 76", Houston Chronicle, 17 February 2006
- ^ Stickball Hall of Fame
- ^ Luis Rafael Sánchez
- ^ An Analysis of “the Oxcart” by René Marqués, Puerto Rican Playwright
- ^ PUERTO RICO HERALD Puerto Rico Profile: Judge Edwin Torres
- ^ Simpson Street