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{{About|the current territory of Canada|the predecessor pre-Canada territory|North-Western Territory|the former United States territory|Northwest Territory|other geographical names that include "Northwest"|Northwest (disambiguation){{!}}Northwest}} |
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{{Use Canadian English|date=July 2014}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2014}} |
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{{Infobox province or territory of Canada |
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| Name = Northwest Territories |
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| AlternateName = <small>Territoires du Nord-Ouest ([[Canadian French|French]])</small><br/><small>Denendeh ([[Athabaskan languages]])</small><br/><small>Nunatsiaq ([[Inuinnaqtun]])</small><br/><small>ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᖅ ([[Inuktitut]])</small> |
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| EntityAdjective = Territorial |
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| Flag = Flag of the Northwest Territories.svg |
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| CoatOfArms = Coat_of_arms_of_Northwest_Territories.svg |
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| Map = Northwest Territories in Canada.svg |
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| Label_map = yes |
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| Motto = (No official motto)<ref name=nwtgovt>{{cite web|url=http://www.assembly.gov.nt.ca/_live/pages/wpPages/visitorfaq.aspx#question3 |title=What is the official motto of the Northwest Territories? |publisher=Assembly.gov.nt.ca |accessdate=February 22, 2011|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121106205900/http://www.assembly.gov.nt.ca/_live/pages/wpPages/visitorfaq.aspx |archivedate=November 6, 2012}}</ref> |
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| OfficialLang = |
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{{hlist |
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|[[English language|English]] |[[French language|French]] |
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[[Dene Suline language|Chipewyan]]<br/>[[Cree language|Cree]]<br/>[[Gwich’in language|Gwich’in]]<br/>[[Inuinnaqtun]]<br/>[[Inuktitut]]<br/>[[Inuvialuktun]]<br/>[[Slavey language|North Slavey]]<br/>[[Slavey language|South Slavey]]<br/>[[Dogrib language|Tłı̨chǫ]]}} |
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| Demonym = Northwest Territorian<ref>The terms ''Northwest Territorian''(''s'') [http://www.assembly.gov.nt.ca/_live/documents/documentManagerUpload/HN040325.pdf Hansard, Thursday, March 25, 2004], and (informally) ''NWTer''(''s'') [http://www.assembly.gov.nt.ca/_live/documents/documentManagerUpload/hn061023.pdf Hansard, Monday, October 23, 2006], occur in the [http://www.assembly.gov.nt.ca/documents-proceedings/hansard official record of the territorial legislature]. According to the ''Oxford Guide to Canadian English Usage'' (ISBN 0-19-541619-8; p. 335), there is no common term for a resident of Northwest Territories.</ref> |
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| Flower = [[Dryas octopetala|Mountain avens]] |
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| Tree = [[Larix laricina|Tamarack Larch]] |
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| Bird = [[Gyrfalcon]] |
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| Capital = [[Yellowknife]] |
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| LargestCity = Yellowknife |
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| LargestMetro = Yellowknife |
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| Premier = [[Bob McLeod (politician)|Bob McLeod]] |
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| PremierParty = [[consensus government]] |
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| Viceroy = [[George Tuccaro]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Northern News Services |url=http://nnsl.com/northern-news-services/stories/papers/may31_10nc.html |title=New commissioner sworn in |publisher=Nnsl.com |accessdate=February 22, 2011}}</ref> |
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| ViceroyType = Commissioner |
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| Legislature = Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories |
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| PostalAbbreviation = NT |
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| PostalCodePrefix = [[List of X postal codes of Canada|X0, X1 (Yellowknife)]] |
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| AreaRank = 3rd |
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| area_footnotes = <ref name="area">{{cite web|url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/phys01-eng.htm|title=Land and freshwater area, by province and territory|date=February 1, 2005|publisher=}}</ref> |
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| TotalArea_km2 = 1346106 |
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| LandArea_km2 = 1183085 |
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| WaterArea_km2 = 163021 |
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| PercentWater = 13.5 |
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| PopulationRank = 11th |
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| Population = 41462 <!-- 2011 StatCan federal census population only per [[WP:CANPOP]]. Do not update until 2016 census population released on Feb-8/17. Use "Population_est" below for latest StatCan quarterly estimate. --> |
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| PopulationRef = <ref name="census11"/> |
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| PopulationYear = 2011 |
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| Population_est = 44291 <!-- Latest StatCan quarterly estimate only. --> |
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| Pop_est_as_of = 2016 Q1 |
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| Pop_est_ref = <ref name=StatCan2016Q1Est>{{cite web | url=http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26?lang=eng&retrLang=eng&id=0510005&paSer=&pattern=&stByVal=1&p1=1&p2=31&tabMode=dataTable&csid= | title=Population by year of Canada of Canada and territories | publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] | date=September 26, 2014 | accessdate=March 20, 2016}}</ref> |
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| DensityRank = 12th |
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| Density_km2 = 0.0 <ref name="census11"/> |
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| GDP_year = 2011 |
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| GDP_total = C$4.791 billion<ref name=GDP2011>{{cite web | url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/econ15-eng.htm | title=Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, by province and territory (2011) | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=November 19, 2013 | accessdate=September 26, 2013}}</ref> |
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| GDP_rank = 11th |
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| GDP_per_capita = C$108,394 |
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| GDP_per_capita_rank = 1st |
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| AdmittanceOrder = 6th |
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| AdmittanceDate = July 15, 1870 ([[Hudson's Bay Company]] cedes territory to Canada) |
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| TimeZone = [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]-7 |
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| HouseSeats = 1 |
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| SenateSeats = 1 |
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| ISOCode = CA-NT |
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| Website = www.gov.nt.ca |
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}} |
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The '''Northwest Territories''' ('''NWT'''; [[French language|French]]: ''les Territoires du Nord-Ouest'', ''TNO''; [[Athabaskan languages]]: ''Denendeh''; [[Inuinnaqtun]]: ''Nunatsiaq''; [[Inuktitut]]: ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᖅ) is a [[provinces and territories of Canada|territory]] of [[Canada]]. With a population of 41,462 in 2011 and an estimated population of 43,537 in 2013, the Northwest Territories is the most populous territory in [[Northern Canada]].<ref name="census11">{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=101&S=50&O=A|title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, 2011 and 2006 censuses |publisher=Statcan.gc.ca |date=February 8, 2012 |accessdate=February 8, 2012}}</ref><ref name="population2013">{{cite web|url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/130926/dq130926a-eng.pdf|title=Canada's total population estimates, 2013|publisher=Statcan.gc.ca |date=September 26, 2013 |accessdate=February 23, 2014}}</ref> [[Yellowknife]] became the territorial capital in 1967, following recommendations by the [[Carrothers Commission]]. |
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The Northwest Territories, a portion of the old North-West Territory, entered the [[Canadian Confederation]] July 15, 1870, but the current borders were formed April 1, 1999, when the territory was subdivided to create [[Nunavut]] to the east, via the ''[[Nunavut Act]]'' and the ''[[Nunavut Land Claims Agreement]] Act''.<ref name=act>{{cite web |url=http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/N-28.6/index.html |title=Nunavut Act |author=Justice Canada |authorlink =Department of Justice (Canada) |year=1993 |accessdate=April 26, 2007}}</ref><ref name=claims>{{cite web |url=http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/showdoc/cs/N-28.7//20070517/en?command=searchadvanced&caller=AD&search_type=bool&shorttitle=%20Nunavut%20Land%20Claims%20Agreement%20Act&day=17&month=5&year=2007&search_domain=cs&showall=L&statuteyear=all&lengthannual=50&length=50 |title=Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act |author=Justice Canada |year=1993 |accessdate=April 26, 2007}}</ref> While Nunavut is mostly [[Arctic]] [[tundra]], the Northwest Territories has a slightly warmer climate and is mostly [[Taiga|boreal forest (taiga)]], although portions of the territory lie north of the [[tree line]], and its most northern regions form part of the [[Canadian Arctic Archipelago]]. |
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The Northwest Territories are bordered by Canada's two other territories, [[Nunavut]] to the east and [[Yukon]] to the west, and by the provinces of [[British Columbia]], [[Alberta]], and [[Saskatchewan]] to the south. |
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==Etymology== |
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The name is descriptive, adopted by the British government during the colonial era to indicate where it lay in relation to [[Rupert's Land]]. It is shortened from North-Western Territory (''see'' History). In [[Inuktitut]], the Northwest Territories are referred to as ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᖅ (''Nunatsiaq''), "beautiful land."<ref>{{Cite journal |
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| last = Izenberg |
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| first = Dafna |
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| title = The Conscience of Nunavut |
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| journal = Ryerson Review of Journalism (online) |
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| volume = |
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| issue = |
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| pages = |
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| publisher = Ryerson School of Journalism |
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| location = Toronto |
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| date = Summer 2005 |
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| language = |
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| url = http://www.rrj.ca/m3517/ |
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| jstor = |
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| issn = 0838-0651 |
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| doi = |
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| id = |
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| mr = |
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| zbl = |
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| jfm = |
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| accessdate = September 19, 2013}}</ref> |
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There was some discussion of changing the name of the Northwest Territories after the splitting off of Nunavut, possibly to a term from an Aboriginal language. One proposal was "Denendeh" (an [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan language]] word meaning "our land"), as advocated by the former premier [[Stephen Kakfwi]], among others. One of the most popular proposals for a new name – one to name the territory ''"Bob"'' – began as a prank, but for a while it was at or near the top in the [[opinion poll|public-opinion polls]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/northwest-territories-looking-for-new-name-bob-need-not-apply-1.319749 |title=Northwest Territories looking for new name – "Bob" need not apply |publisher=CBC |location=Canada |date=January 11, 2002 |accessdate=February 22, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/western-arctic-to-northwest-territories-mp-calls-for-riding-name-change-1.764460 |title=Western Arctic to Northwest Territories: MP calls for riding name change |publisher=CBC |location=Canada |date=June 25, 2008 |accessdate=April 30, 2015}}</ref> |
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In the end a poll conducted prior to division showed that strong support remained to keep the name "Northwest Territories". This name arguably became more appropriate following division than it had been when the territories actually extended far into Canada's north-central and northeastern areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://caldercup.com/CNEWSNunavut/feature11.html |title=Tundra for two: dividing Canada's far-north is no small task |publisher=Web.archive.org |accessdate=February 22, 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050405201955/http://caldercup.com/CNEWSNunavut/feature11.html |archivedate=April 5, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Jon Willing |url=http://imprint.uwaterloo.ca/issues/112699/4Features/Features2.shtml |title=What about Bob, Water-Lou? |publisher=Web.archive.org |accessdate=February 22, 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030118152558/http://imprint.uwaterloo.ca/issues/112699/4Features/Features2.shtml |archivedate=January 18, 2003}}</ref> |
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==Geography== |
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Located in northern Canada, the territory borders Canada's two other territories, [[Yukon]] to the west and [[Nunavut]] to the east, and three provinces: [[British Columbia]] to the southwest, and [[Alberta]] and [[Saskatchewan]] to the south. It possibly meets Manitoba at a [[Four Corners (Canada)|quadripoint]] to the extreme southeast, though surveys have not been completed. It has a land area of {{convert|1183085|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref name="area"/> |
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Geographical features include [[Great Bear Lake]], the largest lake entirely within Canada,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arctic.uoguelph.ca/cpe/environments/inland_water/lakes/greatbear.htm|title=Top 10 Lakes - Great Bear Lake|publisher=}}</ref> and [[Great Slave Lake]], the deepest body of water in North America at {{Convert|614|m|abbr=on}}, as well as the [[Mackenzie River]] and the canyons of the [[Nahanni National Park Reserve]], a [[National parks of Canada|national park]] and UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]]. Territorial islands in the [[Canadian Arctic Archipelago]] include [[Banks Island]], [[Borden Island]], [[Prince Patrick Island]], and parts of [[Victoria Island (Canada)|Victoria Island]] and [[Melville Island (Northwest Territories and Nunavut)|Melville Island]]. Its highest point is [[Mount Nirvana]] near the border with Yukon at an elevation of {{convert|2773|m|abbr=on|0}}. |
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===Climate=== |
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{{See also|Climate change in the Arctic}} |
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[[File:Ice Road on Great Slave Lake 2.jpg|thumb|left|Ice road on [[Great Slave Lake]], Northwest Territories, 2009]] |
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The Northwest Territories reaches for over {{convert|1300000|km2|abbr=on}} so there is a large climate variant from south to north. The southern part of the territory (most of the mainland portion) has a [[subarctic climate]] while the islands and northern coast have a [[polar climate]]. |
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Summers in the north are short and cool, with daytime highs in the mid teens Celsius (60° to 70 °F), and lows in the single degrees Celsius (45° to 55 °F). Winters are long and harsh, daytime highs in the mid {{convert|-20|C}} and lows around {{convert|-40|C}}. Extremes are common with summer highs in the south reaching {{convert|36|C}} and lows reaching into the negatives. In winter in the south it is not uncommon for the temperatures to reach {{convert|-40|C}}, but they can also reach the low teens during the day. In the north, temperatures can reach highs of {{convert|30|C}}, and lows can reach into the low negatives. |
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In winter in the north it is not uncommon for the temperatures to reach {{convert|-50|C}} but they can also reach the single digits during the day. [[Thunderstorm]]s are not rare in the south. In the north they are very rare, but do occur.<ref>{{cite web |
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| last = Maybank |
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| first = J. |
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| title = Thunderstorm |
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| work = The Canadian Encyclopedia |
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| publisher = The Historica-Dominion Institute |
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| year = 2012 |
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| url = http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/thunderstorm |
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| accessdate = September 19, 2013}}</ref> [[Tornado]]es are extremely rare but have happened with the most notable one happening just outside Yellowknife that destroyed a communications tower. The Territory has a fairly dry climate due to the mountains in the west. |
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About half of the territory is above the tree line. There are not many trees in most of the eastern areas of the territory, or the north islands.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalforestwatch.org/english/us/maps.htm |title=Publications & Maps |publisher=Globalforestwatch.org |accessdate=February 22, 2011}}</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:60%; font-size:100%;" |
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|+'''Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected cities in Northwest Territories'''<ref name="Canadian Climate Normals or Averages 1971–2000">{{cite web|url=http://climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climate_normals/stnselect_e.html?pageid=1&lang=e&province=NWT&provBut=Search|title=National Climate Data and Information Archive|publisher=Environment Canada|accessdate=February 29, 2012}}</ref> |
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|- |
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!City |
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!July (°C) |
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!July (°F) |
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!January (°C) |
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!January (°F) |
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|- |
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| [[Fort Simpson]] || 24/11 || 75/52 || −20/−29 || −4/-19 |
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|- |
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| [[Yellowknife]] || 21/13 || 70/55 || −22/−30 || −7/−21 |
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|- |
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| [[Inuvik]] || 20/9 || 67/48 || −23/−31 || −9/−24 |
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|- |
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| [[Sachs Harbour]] || 10/3 || 50/38 || −24/−32 || −12/−25 |
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|} |
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==History== |
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{{Main|History of the Northwest Territories|History of Northwest Territories capital cities}} |
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[[File:North-western-territory.png|thumb|left|300px|North-Western Territory in 1859]] |
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[[File:Northwest Territories Proclamation.jpg|thumb|Proclamation concerning the admission of [[Rupert's Land]] and the North-West Territories to Canada]] |
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The present-day territory came under government authority in July 1870, after the [[Hudson's Bay Company]] transferred [[Rupert's Land]] and [[North-Western Territory]] to the British Crown, which subsequently transferred them to the [[government of Canada]], giving it the name the North-West Territories. This immense region comprised all of today's Canada except that which was encompassed within the early signors of [[Canadian Confederation]], that is, British Columbia, early forms of present-day Ontario and Quebec (which encompassed the coast of the [[Great Lakes]], the [[Saint Lawrence River]] valley and the southern third of [[Quebec]]), the [[Maritimes]] (PEI, NS and NB), [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]], the [[Labrador]] coast, and the [[British Arctic Territories|Arctic Islands]], except the southern half of [[Baffin Island]] (the Arctic Islands remained under direct [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] claim until 1880).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/symbl/101/119-eng.cfm |title=Canadian Heritage – Northwest Territories |publisher=Pch.gc.ca |date=July 13, 2010 |accessdate=February 22, 2011}}</ref> |
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After the 1870 transfer, some of the North-West Territories was whittled away. The province of [[Manitoba]] was created on July 15, 1870, at first a tiny square area around [[Winnipeg]], and then enlarged in 1881 to a rectangular region composing the modern province's south. By the time British Columbia joined Confederation on July 20, 1871, it had already (1866) been granted the portion of North-Western Territory south of [[60th parallel north|60 degrees north]] and west of [[120th meridian west|120 degrees west]], an area that comprised most of the [[Stickeen Territories]]. |
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In 1882, [[Regina, Saskatchewan|Regina]] in the District of [[Assiniboia#District of Assiniboia|Assiniboia]] became the territorial capital. Alberta and Saskatchewan were separated from the NWT to become provinces in 1905 (Regina became the provincial capital of Saskatchewan). |
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In 1876, the [[District of Keewatin]], at the centre of the territory, was separated from the NWT. In 1882 and again in 1896, the remaining portion was [[Districts of the Northwest Territories|divided into the following districts]] (corresponding to the following modern-day areas): |
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* [[District of Alberta|Alberta]] ([[southern Alberta]], without Medicine Hat)); |
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* Assiniboia (southern Saskatchewan), plus Medicine Hat; |
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* [[District of Athabasca|Athabasca]] ([[northern Alberta]] and northern Saskatchewan); |
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* [[District of Franklin|Franklin]] (the Arctic islands and [[Boothia Peninsula|Boothia]] and [[Melville Peninsula]]s); |
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* [[District of Mackenzie|Mackenzie]] (mainland NWT and western Nunavut); |
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* [[District of Saskatchewan|Saskatchewan]] (central Saskatchewan); |
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* [[District of Ungava|Ungava]] (modern-day [[Nord-du-Québec|northern Quebec]] and inland Labrador, as well as an offshore area in [[Hudson Bay]]); |
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* Yukon (modern Yukon). |
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[[File:Kane The Surveyor.jpg|thumb|left|Captain [[John Henry Lefroy]] winter 1843/44]] |
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Keewatin was returned to the Northwest Territories in 1905. |
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In the meantime, the Province of [[Ontario]] was enlarged northwestward in 1882. Quebec was also extended northwards in 1898, and the Yukon was made a separate territory in that same year to deal with the [[Klondike Gold Rush]], and also to remove the NWT's government from the burden of administering the sudden boom of population, economic activity, and the influx of non-Canadians. |
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The provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan were created in 1905, and Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec acquired the last addition to their modern landmass from the NWT in 1912. This left only the districts of Mackenzie, Franklin (which absorbed the remnants of Ungava in 1920), and Keewatin within what was then given the name Northwest Territories. In 1925, the boundaries of the NWT were extended all the way to the [[North Pole]] on the sector principle, vastly expanding its territory onto the northern [[ice cap]]. |
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The reduced Northwest Territories was not represented in the [[House of Commons of Canada|Canadian House of Commons]] from 1907 until 1947, when the [[Electoral district (Canada)|electoral district]] of [[Yukon—Mackenzie River]] was created. This riding only included the District of Mackenzie. The rest of the Northwest Territories had no representation in the House of Commons until 1962, when the [[Northwest Territories (electoral district)|Northwest Territories electoral district]] was created in recognition of the [[Inuit]] having been given the [[Suffrage|right to vote]] in 1953. |
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In 1912, the [[Parliament of Canada]] made the official name of these territories the '''''Northwest Territories''''', dropping all [[hyphen]]ated forms of it. Between 1925 and 1999, the Northwest Territories covered a land area of {{convert|3439296|km2|abbr=on|0}} – larger than that of India. |
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On April 1, 1999, the eastern three-fifths of the Northwest Territories (including all of the [[Keewatin Region, Northwest Territories|District of Keewatin]] and much of that of [[District of Mackenzie|Mackenzie]] and [[District of Franklin|Franklin]]) became a separate Canadian territory named ''[[Nunavut]]''. |
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==Demography== |
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{{Main|Demographics of Northwest Territories}} |
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The NWT is one of two jurisdictions in Canada – Nunavut being the other – where [[Aboriginal peoples in Canada|Aboriginal peoples]] are in the majority, constituting 50.3% of the population.<ref name="census06">{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/profiles/community/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=61&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Northwest%20Territories&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=&GeoCode=61 |title=Canada Census 2006 |publisher=2.statcan.ca |date=December 6, 2010 |accessdate=February 22, 2011}}</ref> |
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[[File:Slavey girls Mackenzie River Northwest Territories - NA-1463-23.jpg|thumb|[[Slavey people|Slavey]] girls, Mackenzie River, Northwest Territories, 1899]] |
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According to the 2006 Canadian census, the 10 major [[ethnic group]]s were:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/demo26m-eng.htm |title=Population by selected ethnic origins, by province and territory |author=StatCan |authorlink=Statistics Canada |date=January 2006 |accessdate=May 5, 2012}}</ref> |
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{{Div col|2}} |
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* [[First Nations|North American Indian]] – 36.5% |
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* [[English Canadian|English]] – 17.2% |
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* [[Canadians|Canadian]] – 14.7% |
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* [[Scottish Canadian|Scottish]] – 14.3% |
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* [[Irish Canadian|Irish]] – 11.8% |
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* [[Inuit]] ([[Inuvialuit]]) – 11.1% |
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* [[French Canadian|French]] – 10.5% |
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* [[Canadians of German ethnicity|German]] – 8.5% |
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* [[Métis people (Canada)|Métis]] – 6.9% |
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* [[Ukrainian Canadian|Ukrainian]] – 3.5% |
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{{Div col end}} |
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'''Population of the Northwest Territories since 1871'''<ref>[http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/demo62m-eng.htm]. [[Statistics Canada]], 2005.</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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|- |
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! Year |
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! Population |
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! five-year<br />% change |
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! ten-year<br />% change |
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! Rank among provinces<br />and territories |
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|- |
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| 1871 |
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| 48,000 |
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| n/a |
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| n/a |
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| 6 |
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|- |
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| 1881 |
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| 56,446 |
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| n/a |
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| 17.6 |
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| 7 |
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|- |
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| 1891 |
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| 98,967 |
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| n/a |
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| 75.3 |
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| 7 |
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|- |
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| 1901 |
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| 20,129{{Ref|1|1}} |
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| n/a |
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| −79.7 |
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| 11 |
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|- |
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| 1911 |
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| 6,507{{Ref|2|2}} |
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| n/a |
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| −67.7 |
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| 11 |
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|- |
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| 1921 |
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| 8,143 |
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| n/a |
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| 25.1 |
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| 10 |
|||
|- |
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| 1931 |
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| 9,316 |
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| n/a |
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| 14.4 |
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| 10 |
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|- |
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| 1941 |
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| 12,028 |
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| n/a |
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| 29.1 |
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| 10 |
|||
|- |
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| 1951 |
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| 16,004 |
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| n/a |
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| 33.1 |
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| 11 |
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|- |
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| 1956 |
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| 19,313 |
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| 20.7 |
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| n/a |
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| 11 |
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|- |
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| 1961 |
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| 22,998 |
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| 19.1 |
|||
| 43.7 |
|||
| 11 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 1966 |
|||
| 28,738 |
|||
| 25.0 |
|||
| 48.8 |
|||
| 11 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 1971 |
|||
| 34,805 |
|||
| 21.1 |
|||
| 51.3 |
|||
| 11 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 1976 |
|||
| 42,610 |
|||
| 22.4 |
|||
| 48.3 |
|||
| 11 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 1981 |
|||
| 45,740 |
|||
| 7.3 |
|||
| 31.4 |
|||
| 11 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 1986 |
|||
| 52,235 |
|||
| 14.2 |
|||
| 22.6 |
|||
| 11 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 1991 |
|||
| 57,649 |
|||
| 10.3 |
|||
| 26.0 |
|||
| 11 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 1996 |
|||
| 64,402 |
|||
| 11.7 |
|||
| 23.2 |
|||
| 11 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 2001<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=61&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Northwest%20Territories&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=&GeoCode=61|title=2001 Community Profiles|date=March 12, 2002|publisher=}}</ref> |
|||
| 37,360{{Ref|3|3}} |
|||
| −42.0 |
|||
| −35.2 |
|||
| 11 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 2006<ref name="census06"/> |
|||
| 41,464 |
|||
| 12.0 |
|||
| −35.0 |
|||
| 11 |
|||
|- |
|||
|2011<ref name="census11"/> |
|||
| 41,462 |
|||
| 0.0 |
|||
| 11.0 |
|||
| 11 |
|||
|} |
|||
:1.{{note|1}}Yukon was ceded from the Northwest Territories in 1898. |
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:2.{{note|2}}Alberta and Saskatchewan were created from parts of the Northwest Territories in 1905. |
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:3.{{note|3}}Nunavut was separated from the Northwest Territories in 1999. |
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===Religion=== |
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The largest denominations by number of adherents according to the 2001 census were Roman Catholic with 16,940 (46.7%); the [[Anglican Church of Canada]] with 5,510 (14.9%); and the [[United Church of Canada]] with 2,230 (6.0%), while a total of 6,465 (17.4%) people stated no religion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/highlight/Religion/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&View=1a&Code=61&Table=1&StartRec=1&Sort=2&B1=61&B2=All |title=Selected Religions, for Canada, Provinces and Territories – 20% Sample Data |publisher=2.statcan.ca |accessdate=February 22, 2011}}</ref> |
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===Language=== |
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[[File:Multilingual sign for eye clinic in Yellowknife, NT.jpg|right|thumb|Sign for eye clinic in Yellowknife with all 11 official territorial languages|alt=A metallic white sign on a gray background with a red and blue depiction of a building at the top. Below it is text in blue saying "Eye Clinic" in English, French and the other nine official territorial languages]] |
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French was made an official language in 1877 by the territorial government. After a lengthy and bitter debate resulting from a [[speech from the throne]] in 1888 by [[List of lieutenant governors of the Northwest Territories|Lieutenant Governor]] [[Joseph Royal]] the members of the day voted on more than one occasion to nullify and make English the only language used in the assembly. After some conflict with Ottawa and a decisive vote on January 19, 1892, the assembly members voted for an English-only territory. |
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In the early 1980s, the federal government pressured the government of the Northwest Territories to reintroduce French as an official language. Some Native members walked out of the assembly, protesting that they were not permitted to speak their own language. The executive council appointed a special committee to study the matter{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}}, which decided that if French was to be an official language, then the other languages in the territories must also be allowed. |
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The Northwest Territories' Official Languages Act recognizes the following eleven [[official language]]s, which are more than in any other political division in the Americas:<ref name="lang">[http://www.nwtlanguagescommissioner.ca/nwt-official-languages/ Northwest Territories Official Languages Act, 1988] (as amended 1988, 1991–1992, 2003)</ref> |
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{{Div col|2}} |
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* [[Chipewyan language|Chipewyan]] |
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* [[Cree language|Cree]] |
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* [[Canadian English|English]] |
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* [[Canadian French|French]] |
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* [[Gwich’in language|Gwich’in]] |
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* [[Inuinnaqtun]] |
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* [[Inuktitut]] |
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* [[Inuvialuktun]] |
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* [[Slavey language|North Slavey]] |
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* [[Slavey language|South Slavey]] |
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* [[Dogrib language|Tłįchǫ]] |
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{{Div col end}} |
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NWT residents have a right to use any of the above languages in a territorial court and in debates and proceedings of the legislature. However, laws are legally binding only in their French and English versions, and the [[Politics of the Northwest Territories|NWT government]] only publishes laws and other documents in the territory's other official languages when the legislature asks it to. Furthermore, access to services in any language is limited to institutions and circumstances where there is significant demand for that language or where it is reasonable to expect it given the nature of the services requested. In practical terms, English language services are universally available, and there is no guarantee that other languages, including French, will be used by any particular government service except for the courts. |
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The 2006 census returns showed a population of 41,464. Of the 40,680 singular responses to the census question regarding each inhabitant's "mother tongue", the most reported languages were the following: |
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{| class="wikitable" |
|||
|- |
|||
| 1 |
|||
| '''English''' |
|||
| 31,545 |
|||
| 77.5% |
|||
|- |
|||
| 2 |
|||
| '''Dogrib''' ('''Tłı̨chǫ''') |
|||
| 1,950 |
|||
| 4.8% |
|||
|- |
|||
| 3 |
|||
| '''South Slavey''' |
|||
| 1,285 |
|||
| 3.2% |
|||
|- |
|||
| 4 |
|||
| '''French''' |
|||
| 975 |
|||
| 2.4% |
|||
|- |
|||
| 5 |
|||
| '''North Slavey''' |
|||
| 835 |
|||
| 2.1% |
|||
|- |
|||
| 6 |
|||
| '''Inuktitut''' |
|||
| 695 |
|||
| 1.7% |
|||
|- |
|||
| 7 |
|||
| [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] |
|||
| 505 |
|||
| 1.2% |
|||
|- |
|||
| 8 |
|||
| '''Chipewyan''' |
|||
| 390 |
|||
| 1.0% |
|||
|- |
|||
| 9 |
|||
| [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] |
|||
| 305 |
|||
| 0.8% |
|||
|- |
|||
| 10 |
|||
| Chinese |
|||
| 260 |
|||
| 0.6% |
|||
|- |
|||
| 11 |
|||
| '''Cree''' |
|||
| 190 |
|||
| 0.5% |
|||
|- |
|||
| 11 |
|||
| '''Gwich'in''' |
|||
| 190 |
|||
| 0.5% |
|||
|- |
|||
| 13 |
|||
| '''Inuinnaqtun''' |
|||
| 55 |
|||
| 0.1% |
|||
|} |
|||
There were also 320 responses of both English and a "non-official language"; 15 of both French and a "non-official language"; 45 of both English and French, and about 400 people who either did not respond to the question, or reported multiple non-official languages, or else gave some other un-enumeratable response. The Northwest Territories' official languages are shown in bold. |
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(Figures shown are for the number of single language responses and the percentage of total single-language responses)<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=1&LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=12210&GK=10&GRP=1&PID=89201&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971,97154&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |title=Detailed Mother Tongue (186), Knowledge of Official Languages (5), Age Groups (17A) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 and 2006 Censuses – 20% Sample Data|year=2007}}</ref> |
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===Communities=== |
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[[File:Downtown Yellowknife 2.jpg|thumb|Looking towards downtown [[Yellowknife]] from Old Town]] |
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{{Main|List of communities in the Northwest Territories|List of ghost towns in the Northwest Territories}} |
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As of 2014 there are 33 official communities in the NWT.<ref name="maca">{{MACANT|aklavik|List|2014-01-29}}</ref> These range in size from Yellowknife with a population of 19,234<ref name="CYZF">{{cite web| url=http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=6106023&Geo2=PR&Code2=61&Data=Count&SearchText=Yellowknife&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=6106023&TABID=1 | title=2011 Census, Yellowknife| publisher=[[Government of Canada]]}}</ref> to [[Kakisa]] with 45 people.<ref name="kakisa">{{cite web| url=http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=6104005&Geo2=PR&Code2=61&Data=Count&SearchText=Kakisa&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=6104005&TABID=1 | title=2006 Census, Kakisa| publisher=[[Government of Canada]]}}</ref> Governance of each community differs, some are run under various types of First Nations control, while others are designated as a city, town, village or hamlet, but most communities are [[Municipal government in Canada|municipal corporations]].<ref name="maca"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maca.gov.nt.ca/resources/Differences_in_Comm_Govt_Structure.pdf |title=Differences in Community Government Structures |format=PDF |accessdate=February 22, 2011}}</ref> Yellowknife is the largest community and has the largest number of Aboriginal peoples, 4,105 (22.2%) people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=6106023&Geo2=PR&Code2=61&Data=Count&SearchText=Yellowknife&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=|title=Community Profiles from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada - Census Subdivision|date=March 13, 2007|publisher=}}</ref> However, [[Behchoko]], with a population of 1,926,<ref name="bech2011">{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=6103031&Geo2=PR&Code2=61&Data=Count&SearchText=Behchok%F2&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=6103031&TABID=1|title=Census Profile|date=May 6, 2015|publisher=}}</ref> is the largest First Nations community, 1,730 (91.5%),<ref name="behc">{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-594/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=6106031&Geo2=PR&Code2=61&Data=Count&SearchText=Behchok%F2&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |title=2006 Aboriginal Population Profile – Behchoko |publisher=2.statcan.ca |date=December 6, 2010 |accessdate=February 22, 2011}}</ref> and [[Inuvik]] with 3,463 people<ref name="YEV2011">{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=6101017&Geo2=PR&Code2=61&Data=Count&SearchText=Inuvik&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=6101017&TABID=1|title=Census Profile|date=May 6, 2015|publisher=}}</ref> is the largest Inuvialuit community, 1,335 (38.9%).<ref name="CYEV">{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-594/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=6107017&Geo2=PR&Code2=61&Data=Count&SearchText=Inuvik&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=&GeoCode=6107017|title=Aboriginal Population Profile from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada|date=January 15, 2008|publisher=}}</ref> There is one [[Indian reserve]] in the NWT, [[Hay River Reserve]], located on the south shore of the [[Hay River (Canada)|Hay River]]. |
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{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; margin-left:20px;" |
|||
|+Five largest municipalities by population |
|||
!Municipality |
|||
!2006 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Yellowknife]]<ref name="CYZF"/> |
|||
|19,234 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Hay River, Northwest Territories|Hay River]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=6105016&Geo2=PR&Code2=61&Data=Count&SearchText=Hay%20River&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=6105016&TABID=1 |title=2011 Community Profiles – Hay River |publisher=2.statcan.ca |date=February 1, 2012 |accessdate=May 6, 2012}}</ref> |
|||
|3,606 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Inuvik]]<ref name="CYEV"/> |
|||
|3,463 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Fort Smith, Northwest Territories|Fort Smith]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=6105001&Geo2=PR&Code2=61&Data=Count&SearchText=Fort%20Smith&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=6105001&TABID=1 |title=2011 Community Profiles – Fort Smith |publisher=2.statcan.ca |date=February 1, 2012 |accessdate=May 6, 2012}}</ref> |
|||
|2,093 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Behchoko]]<ref name="bech2011"/> |
|||
|1,926 |
|||
|} |
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==Economy== |
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[[File:Diavik Diamond Mine.jpg|thumb|Diavik Diamond Mine in the North Slave Region]] |
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[[File:Tungsten, Northwest Territories.jpg|thumb|Cantung Mine]] |
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The NWT's geological resources include gold, diamonds, natural gas and petroleum. BP is the only oil company currently producing oil in the Territory. NWT diamonds are promoted as an alternative to purchasing [[blood diamond]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bhpbilliton.com/bb/productEnquiries/diamondsSpecialtyProducts.jsp |title=BHP Billiton diamond marketing |publisher=Bhpbilliton.com |accessdate=February 22, 2011}}</ref> Two of the biggest mineral resource companies in the world, [[BHP Billiton]] and [[Rio Tinto Group|Rio Tinto]] mine many of their diamonds from the NWT. In 2010, NWT accounted for 28.5% of Rio Tinto's total diamond production (3.9 million carats, 17% more than in 2009, from the [[Diavik Diamond Mine]]) and 100% of BHP's (3.05 million carats from the [[Ekati Diamond Mine|EKATI mine]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riotinto.com/documents/110118_Fourth_quarter_2010_operations_review.pdf|title=Rio Tinto 4th quarter 2010 Operations|year=2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bhpbilliton.com/bbContentRepository/docs/2010Form20f.pdf|title=BHP Billiton 2010 Annual Report '''page 124'''|year=2010}}</ref> |
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The Northwest Territories has the highest per capita GDP of all provinces or territories in Canada, [[Canadian dollar|C$]]76,000 in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iti.gov.nt.ca/mediaroom/dyk.shtml |title=Did You Know? |author=Government of the Northwest Territories: Industry, Tourism and Investment |accessdate=April 10, 2010}}</ref> However, as production at the current mines started to wind down, no new mines opened and the public service shrank, the territory lost 1,200 jobs between November 2013 and November 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://edgeyk.com/article/nwt-loses-1200-jobs-since-last-year-monthly-labour-report/|title = NWT loses 1,200 jobs since last year: monthly labour report - EDGEYK.com|last = Danylchuk|first = Jack|date = November 9, 2014|work = |access-date = }}</ref> |
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===Major territorial mines=== |
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{{Main|List of mines in the Northwest Territories}} |
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* [[Eldorado Mine (Northwest Territories)|Eldorado Mine]] – 1933–1940, 1942–1960, 1976–1982 ([[radium]], [[uranium]], silver, copper) |
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* [[Con Mine]] – 1938–2003 (gold) |
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* [[Neger Mine]] – 1939–1952 (gold) |
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* [[Ptarmigan and Tom Mine]] – 1941–1942, 1986–1997 (gold) |
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* [[Thompson-Lundmark Mine]] – 1941–1943, 1947–1949 (gold) |
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* [[Giant Mine]] – 1948–2004 (gold) |
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* [[Discovery Mine]] – 1950–1969 (gold) |
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* [[Rayrock Mine]] – 1957–1959 (uranium) |
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* [[Camlaren Mine]] – 1962–1963, 1980–1981 (gold) |
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* [[Cantung Mine]] – 1962–1986, 2002–2003, 2005–2015 ([[tungsten]]) |
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* [[Echo Bay Mines|Echo Bay Mines Limited]] – 1964–1975 (silver and copper) |
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* [[Pine Point Mine]] – 1964–1988 (lead and [[zinc]]) |
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* [[Tundra Mine]] – 1964–1968 (gold) |
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* Terra Mine – 1969–1985 (silver and copper) |
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* [[Salmita Mine]] – 1983–1987 (gold) |
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* [[Colomac Mine]] – 1990–1992, 1994–1997 (gold) |
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* [[Ekati Diamond Mine]] – 1998–current (diamonds) |
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* [[Diavik Diamond Mine]] – 2003–current (diamonds) |
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* [[Snap Lake Diamond Mine]] – 2007–2015 (diamonds) |
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==Government== |
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[[File:Northwest Territories Legislative Building.jpg|thumb|[[Northwest Territories Legislative Building]]]] |
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As a territory, the NWT has fewer rights than the provinces. During his term, Premier Kakfwi pushed to have the federal government accord more rights to the territory, including having a greater share of the returns from the territory's natural resources go to the territory.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20030703.wnwt0703/BNStory/National/ |title=NWT Premier asks provincial leaders for backing |publisher=Globeandmail.com |accessdate=February 22, 2011}}</ref> Devolution of powers to the territory was an issue in the [[Northwest Territories general election, 2003|20th general election]] in 2003, and has been ever since the territory began electing members in 1881. |
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The [[Commissioner#Canadian territories|Commissioner]] of the NWT is the chief executive and is appointed by the Governor-in-Council of Canada on the recommendation of the federal [[Minister of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development (Canada)|Minister of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development]]. The position used to be more administrative and governmental, but with the devolution of more powers to the elected assembly since 1967, the position has become symbolic. The Commissioner had full governmental powers until 1980 when the territories were given greater self-government. The Legislative Assembly then began electing a cabinet and ''Government Leader'', later known as the [[Premier (Canada)|Premier]]. Since 1985 the Commissioner no longer chairs meetings of the Executive Council (or cabinet), and the federal government has instructed commissioners to behave like a provincial [[Lieutenant governor (Canada)|Lieutenant Governor]]. Unlike Lieutenant Governors, the [[Commissioners of the Northwest Territories|Commissioner of the Northwest Territories]] is not a formal representative of the [[Monarchy of Canada|Queen of Canada]]. |
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Unlike provincial governments and the government of Yukon, the government of the Northwest Territories does not have political parties, except for the period between 1898 and 1905. It is a [[consensus government]] called the [[Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories|Legislative Assembly]]. This group is composed of one member elected from each of the nineteen constituencies. After [[List of Northwest Territories general elections|each general election]], the new Assembly elects the [[List of premiers of the Northwest Territories|Premier]] and the [[Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories|Speaker]] by secret ballot. Seven MLAs are also chosen as cabinet ministers, with the remainder forming the opposition. |
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The [[18th Northwest Territories Legislative Assembly|current Legislative Assembly]] is the 18th and the [[Northwest Territories general election, 2015|most recent election]] was held November 23, 2015.<ref>[http://www.electionsnwt.ca/sites/default/files/2015-12-21_official_voting_results_of_the_2015_general_election_englishweb.pdf Elections NWT official results]</ref> The [[Premier of the Northwest Territories|Premier]] is [[Bob McLeod (politician)|Bob McLeod]]. The member of Parliament for the [[Northwest Territories (electoral district)|Northwest Territories]] is [[Michael McLeod (politician)|Michael McLeod]] ([[Liberal Party (Canada)|Liberal Party]]). The Commissioner of the Northwest Territories is [[George Tuccaro]] and the [[List of Northwest Territories deputy commissioners|Deputy Commissioner]] is [[Margaret Thom]]. |
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In the [[Parliament of Canada]], the NWT comprises a single [[Canadian Senate divisions|Senate division]] and a single [[Electoral district (Canada)|House of Commons electoral district]], titled [[Northwest Territories (electoral district)|Northwest Territories]] (''Western Arctic'' until 2014). |
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===Departments=== |
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The Government of the NWT comprises the following departments:<ref>[http://www.gov.nt.ca/research/departments/index.html Government of the NWT], retrieved March 19, 2012</ref> |
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* Aboriginal Affairs & Intergovernmental Relations |
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* Education, Culture & Employment |
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* Environment & Natural Resources |
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* Executive |
|||
* Finance |
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* Health & Social Services |
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* Human Resources |
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* Industry, Tourism & Investment |
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* Justice |
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* Lands |
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* Legislative Assembly |
|||
* Municipal & Community Affairs |
|||
* Public Works & Services |
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* Transportation |
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==Culture== |
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Aboriginal issues in the Northwest Territories include the fate of the [[Dene]] who, in the 1940s, were employed to carry radioactive uranium ore from the mines on Great Bear Lake. Of the thirty plus miners who worked at the [[Port Radium, Northwest Territories|Port Radium]] site, at least fourteen have died due to various forms of cancer. A study was done in the community of [[Deline]], called ''A Village of Widows'' by [[Cindy Kenny-Gilday]], which indicated that the number of people involved were too small to be able to confirm or deny a link.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://arcticcircle.uconn.edu/SEEJ/Mining/gilday.html |title=A Village of Widows |publisher=Arcticcircle.uconn.edu |accessdate=February 22, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ccnr.org/deline_deaths.html |title=Echoes of the Atomic Age |publisher=Ccnr.org |accessdate=February 22, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://health.mytelus.com/channel_health_news_details.asp?news_id=7750&channel_id=12 |title=Report into former N.W.T. uranium mine recommends immediate remediation |publisher=Health.mytelus.com |date=July 15, 2008 |accessdate=February 22, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/canada/north/story/2005/08/12/deline-uranium120805.html |title=Uranium exposure insufficient to cause cancer in Deline workers: report |publisher=CBC |location=Canada |date=August 12, 2005 |accessdate=February 22, 2011}}</ref> |
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There has been racial tension based on a history of [[Bloody Falls Massacre|violent conflict between the Dene and the Inuit]],<ref>[http://www.canadianarchaeology.com/cmcc/pinuva.htm#six Relations with their Southern Neighbours] {{wayback|url=http://www.canadianarchaeology.com/cmcc/pinuva.htm#six |date=20140508223756 }}</ref> who have now taken recent steps towards reconciliation. |
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Land claims in the NWT began with the Inuvialuit Final Agreement, signed on June 5, 1984. It was the first Land Claim signed in the Territory, and the second in Canada.<ref name="Inuvialuit Regional Corporation Website">{{cite web|title=IRC: Inuvialuit Final Agreement|url=http://www.irc.inuvialuit.com/about/finalagreement.html|accessdate=March 28, 2012}}</ref> It culminated with the creation of the Inuit homeland of Nunavut, the result of the [[Nunavut Land Claims Agreement]], the largest land claim in Canadian history.<ref name="NLCA">{{cite web|url=http://www.nucj.ca/library/bar_ads_mat/Nunavut_Land_Claims_Agreement.pdf|format=PDF|title=Agreement between the Inuit of the Nunavut Settlement Area and Her Majesty The Queen in Right of Canada|accessdate=January 10, 2009}}</ref> |
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Another land claims agreement with the [[Tłı̨chǫ people]] created a region within the NWT called [[Tlicho Government|Tli Cho]], between Great Bear and Great Slave Lakes, which gives the Tłı̨chǫ their own legislative bodies, taxes, resource royalties, and other affairs, though the NWT still maintains control over such areas as health and education. This area includes two of Canada's three diamond mines at Ekati and Diavik.<ref>[http://www.gov.nt.ca/MAA/newsreleases/tlicho_land_claim.htm Government of the NWT news release on land claims signing] {{wayback|url=http://www.gov.nt.ca/MAA/newsreleases/tlicho_land_claim.htm |date=20090212163741 }}</ref> |
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== See also == |
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{{Wikipedia books|Canada}} |
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{{portal|Northwest Territories|Arctic}} |
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* [[Canada]] |
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* [[Outline of Canada]] |
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* [[Index of Canada-related articles]] |
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* [[Bibliography of Canada]] |
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* {{wikipedia books link|Canada}} |
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* [[List of airports in the Northwest Territories]] |
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* [[List of National Parks of Canada]] |
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* [[List of Northwest Territories highways]] |
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* [[List of Northwest Territories Legislative Assemblies]] |
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* [[List of Northwest Territories plebiscites]] |
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* [[Scouting and Guiding in the Northwest Territories]] |
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* [[Symbols of the Northwest Territories]] |
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{{clear}} |
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== References == |
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{{reflist|30em}} |
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== Further reading == |
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{{refbegin}} |
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* {{Cite book |last = Coates |first = Kenneth|year =1985 |title = Canada's colonies: a history of the Yukon and Northwest Territories|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=sPXVRynQH5wC&lpg=PA16&dq=Yukon&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=Lorimer |isbn=0-88862-931-1 }} |
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* {{Cite book |last = Choquette |first =Robert |year =1995 |title =The Oblate assault on Canada's northwest |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=_mEZte0EkGAC&lpg=PA216&dq=Northwest%20Territories&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=[[University of Ottawa Press]] |isbn=0-7766-0402-3}} |
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* Ecosystem Classification Group, and Northwest Territories. ''[http://forestmanagement.enr.gov.nt.ca/forest_resources/publications/ecoland/3_3_1_Northern_Great_Bear_Plains_HS_Level_III.pdf Ecological Regions of the Northwest Territories Taiga Plains]''. Yellowknife, NWT: Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources, Govt. of the Northwest Territories, 2007. ISBN 0-7708-0161-7 |
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{{refend}} |
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== External links == |
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{{Commons category|Northwest Territories}} |
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{{Div col|2}} |
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* [http://www.gov.nt.ca/ Government of the Northwest Territories] |
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* {{dmoz|Regional/North_America/Canada/Northwest_Territories}} |
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* [http://www.spectacularnwt.com/ Northwest Territories Tourism Canada] |
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* [http://www.pwnhc.ca/ Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre] |
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* [http://www.auroracollege.nt.ca/ Aurora College] |
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* [http://nwtarchives.ca/ NWT Archives] |
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* [http://www.nwt.literacy.ca/ NWT Literacy Council] |
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* [http://www.gov.nt.ca/langcom/ Language Commissioner of the Northwest Territories] |
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* [http://www.lessonsfromtheland.ca/ Lessons From the Land: interactive journeys of NWT traditional Aboriginal trails] |
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* [http://archives.cbc.ca/IDD-1-73-1021/politics_economy/elections_nwt/ CBC Digital Archives – Northwest Territories: Voting in Canada's North] |
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* [http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/N-27/page-4.html#h-7 Northwest Territories Act] |
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{{Div col end}} |
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{{Geographic location |
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| Centre = {{flag|Northwest Territories}} |
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| N = ''[[Arctic Ocean]]'' |
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| NE = {{flag|Nunavut}} |
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| E = {{flag|Nunavut}} |
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| SE = {{flag|Manitoba}} |
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| S = {{flag|Alberta}}<br/>{{flag|Saskatchewan}} |
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| SW = {{flag|British Columbia}} |
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| W = {{flag|Yukon}} |
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| NW = ''[[Arctic Ocean]]'' |
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}} |
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{{Navboxes |
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|list = |
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{{Provinces and territories of Canada}} |
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{{Subdivisions of Northwest Territories}} |
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{{NWT History box}} |
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{{Canada topics}} |
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}} |
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{{Coord|66|N|119|W|type:adm1st_scale:20000000_region:CA-NT|display=title}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:1870 establishments in Canada]] |
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[[Category:1870 in Canada]] |
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[[Category:Arctic Ocean]] |
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[[Category:Beaufort Sea]] |
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[[Category:Northwest Territories| ]] |
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[[Category:Provinces and territories of Canada]] |
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[[Category:States and territories established in 1870]] |
Revision as of 16:39, 27 April 2016
I like Turtles!!!!!