→Background: Opinion from CAFA/ christiannewswires stated as fact |
Dead link and doesn't seem to be a reliable source for a bare fact like this (it's the site of a UK Coptic church). |
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{{Modern persecution of Coptic Christians}} |
{{Modern persecution of Coptic Christians}} |
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[[Copts|Coptic Christians]] are the direct descendants of the [[Ancient Egyptians]].<ref>[http://www.oikoumene.org/gr/member-churches/regions/middle-east/egypt/coptic-orthodox-church.html World Council of Churches]</ref><ref>http://www.worldmag.com/articles/15734</ref><ref>http://www.wiscopts.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=81&Itemid=90</ref><ref>http://www.copticmission.org/copticchurch</ref><ref>http://www.coptic.org/language/georgy/common.htm</ref> They form the largest religious minority in the [[Middle East]], and represent between 15% and 20% of a population of over 80 million Egyptians<ref>Encyclopædia Britannica (1985)</ref><ref>Macropædia (15th ed., Chicago)</ref><ref>http://www.asharqalawsat.com/leader.asp?section=3&article=157751&issueno=8872 "Institut National Etudes Démographiques" - Research in population and demography of France estimates the coptic population to be</ref><ref name="The world factbook/Egypt/">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/eg.html|title=Egypt from “The World Factbook”|date=September 4, 2008|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)]]}}</ref><ref name="Washington Institute">{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC05.php?CID=2386|title=”The Copts and Their Political Implications in Egypt”|date=October 25, 2005|publisher=[[Washington Institute for Near East Policy]]}}</ref><ref name="IPS News">[http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=32988 IPS News] (retrieved 09-27-2008)</ref><ref>[http://www.washington-report.org/backissues/1097/9710087.html]. ''The Washington Post''. "Estimates of the size of Egypt's Christian population vary from the low government figures of 6 to 7 million to the 12 million reported by some Christian leaders. The actual numbers may be in the 9 to 9.5 million range, out of an Egyptian population of more than 60 million." Retrieved 10-10-2008</ref><ref>Ibrahim, Youssef M. |
[[Copts|Coptic Christians]] are the direct descendants of the [[Ancient Egyptians]].<ref>[http://www.oikoumene.org/gr/member-churches/regions/middle-east/egypt/coptic-orthodox-church.html World Council of Churches]</ref><ref>http://www.worldmag.com/articles/15734</ref><ref>http://www.wiscopts.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=81&Itemid=90</ref><ref>http://www.copticmission.org/copticchurch</ref><ref>http://www.coptic.org/language/georgy/common.htm</ref> They form the largest religious minority in the [[Middle East]], and represent between 15% and 20% of a population of over 80 million Egyptians<ref>Encyclopædia Britannica (1985)</ref><ref>Macropædia (15th ed., Chicago)</ref><ref>http://www.asharqalawsat.com/leader.asp?section=3&article=157751&issueno=8872 "Institut National Etudes Démographiques" - Research in population and demography of France estimates the coptic population to be</ref><ref name="The world factbook/Egypt/">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/eg.html|title=Egypt from “The World Factbook”|date=September 4, 2008|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)]]}}</ref><ref name="Washington Institute">{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC05.php?CID=2386|title=”The Copts and Their Political Implications in Egypt”|date=October 25, 2005|publisher=[[Washington Institute for Near East Policy]]}}</ref><ref name="IPS News">[http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=32988 IPS News] (retrieved 09-27-2008)</ref><ref>[http://www.washington-report.org/backissues/1097/9710087.html]. ''The Washington Post''. "Estimates of the size of Egypt's Christian population vary from the low government figures of 6 to 7 million to the 12 million reported by some Christian leaders. The actual numbers may be in the 9 to 9.5 million range, out of an Egyptian population of more than 60 million." Retrieved 10-10-2008</ref><ref>Ibrahim, Youssef M. |
||
"[http://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/15/world/muslims-fury-falls-on-egypt-s-christians.html Muslims' Fury Falls on Egypt's Christians]". ''[[The New York Times]]'', March 15, 1993. Retrieved 10-10-2008.</ref><ref name="christianpost.com">Chan, Kenneth. [http://www.christianpost.com/article/20041207/thousands-protest-egypt-s-neglect-of-coptic-persecution.htm Thousands Protest Egypt's Neglect of Coptic Persecution]". ''[[The Christian Post]]''. December 7, 2004. Accessed [[28 September]], [[2008]].</ref><ref>[http://www.nlgsolutions.com/packages/show_country.asp?countryid=EG NLG Solutions] <Online>. ''Egypt''. Accessed [[28 September]], [[2008]].</ref><ref name="U.S.Dept of State/Egypt">{{cite web|url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5309.htm|title= Egypt from “U.S. Department of State/Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs”|date=September 30, 2008 |publisher= [[United States Department of State]]}}</ref><ref name="FCO/Egypt/">{{cite web|url=http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/about-the-fco/country-profiles/middle-east-north-africa/egypt|title=Egypt from “Foreign and Commonwealth Office”|date=August 15, 2008|publisher=[[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|Foreign and Commonwealth Office -UK Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]}}</ref><ref name="LOOKLEX Encyclopedia/Egypt/Religions&Peoples">{{cite web|url=http://lexicorient.com/e.o/egypt_4.htm|title=Egypt Religions & Peoples from “LOOKLEX Encyclopedia”|date=September 30, 2008|publisher= LookLex Ltd.}}</ref><ref name="msn encarta/Egypt">{{cite web|url= http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761557408_3/Egypt.html|title=Egypt from “msn encarta”|date=September 30, 2008 |publisher= [[Microsoft Encarta|Encarta]]|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?id=1257013931677776|archivedate=2009-10-31|deadurl=yes}}</ref> though estimates vary (see [[Religion in Egypt]]). The Coptic community has been targeted by hate crimes and physical assaults, and has been facing varying degrees of discriminatory and restrictive government policies.<ref>http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/copticchristians.htm</ref> Since the 1970s, when [[Islamic terrorism]] began to gain ground in [[Egypt]], there have been many attacks on members of the Coptic Christian minority. Local authorities' handling of such cases is often criticized. Police are accused of delaying their response to reports of fighting and then simply arresting equal numbers of Muslims and Christians in order to create some sort of balance. Sometimes criminal investigations are dropped in favor of informal reconciliation meetings, and Coptic Christians continuously complain that attacks against them always go unpunished.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8478397.stm</ref><ref>[http://www.ifex.org/egypt/2010/01/20/activists_charged International Freedom of Expression eXchange]</ref><ref name="catastrophe">{{cite news | title=Egypt's anxious Copts 'await next catastrophe' | date=2010-01-25 | publisher=[[BBC News]] | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8478397.stm | accessdate = 2010-03-07 }} |
"[http://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/15/world/muslims-fury-falls-on-egypt-s-christians.html Muslims' Fury Falls on Egypt's Christians]". ''[[The New York Times]]'', March 15, 1993. Retrieved 10-10-2008.</ref><ref name="christianpost.com">Chan, Kenneth. [http://www.christianpost.com/article/20041207/thousands-protest-egypt-s-neglect-of-coptic-persecution.htm Thousands Protest Egypt's Neglect of Coptic Persecution]". ''[[The Christian Post]]''. December 7, 2004. Accessed [[28 September]], [[2008]].</ref><ref>[http://www.nlgsolutions.com/packages/show_country.asp?countryid=EG NLG Solutions] <Online>. ''Egypt''. Accessed [[28 September]], [[2008]].</ref><ref name="U.S.Dept of State/Egypt">{{cite web|url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5309.htm|title= Egypt from “U.S. Department of State/Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs”|date=September 30, 2008 |publisher= [[United States Department of State]]}}</ref><ref name="FCO/Egypt/">{{cite web|url=http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/about-the-fco/country-profiles/middle-east-north-africa/egypt|title=Egypt from “Foreign and Commonwealth Office”|date=August 15, 2008|publisher=[[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|Foreign and Commonwealth Office -UK Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]}}</ref><ref name="LOOKLEX Encyclopedia/Egypt/Religions&Peoples">{{cite web|url=http://lexicorient.com/e.o/egypt_4.htm|title=Egypt Religions & Peoples from “LOOKLEX Encyclopedia”|date=September 30, 2008|publisher= LookLex Ltd.}}</ref><ref name="msn encarta/Egypt">{{cite web|url= http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761557408_3/Egypt.html|title=Egypt from “msn encarta”|date=September 30, 2008 |publisher= [[Microsoft Encarta|Encarta]]|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?id=1257013931677776|archivedate=2009-10-31|deadurl=yes}}</ref> though estimates vary (see [[Religion in Egypt]]). The Coptic community has been targeted by hate crimes and physical assaults, and has been facing varying degrees of discriminatory and restrictive government policies.<ref>http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/copticchristians.htm</ref> Since the 1970s, when [[Islamic terrorism]] began to gain ground in [[Egypt]], there have been many attacks on members of the Coptic Christian minority. Local authorities' handling of such cases is often criticized. Police are accused of delaying their response to reports of fighting and then simply arresting equal numbers of Muslims and Christians in order to create some sort of balance. Sometimes criminal investigations are dropped in favor of informal reconciliation meetings, and Coptic Christians continuously complain that attacks against them always go unpunished.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8478397.stm</ref><ref>[http://www.ifex.org/egypt/2010/01/20/activists_charged International Freedom of Expression eXchange]</ref><ref name="catastrophe">{{cite news | title=Egypt's anxious Copts 'await next catastrophe' | date=2010-01-25 | publisher=[[BBC News]] | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8478397.stm | accessdate = 2010-03-07 }}</ref> Other forms of anti-Christian discrimination in [[Egypt]] include discrimination in hiring in the public sector and staff appointments to public universities, prohibition from studying at [[Al-Azhar University]] (a publicly funded institution with approximately half a million students), and barring from certain jobs such as Arabic language teachers.<ref>http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/egypt/copt.htm</ref> |
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==Events== |
==Events== |
Revision as of 23:12, 24 December 2010
Nag Hammadi massacre | |
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File:NagHammadiFuneral.jpg | |
Location | Nag Hammadi, Egypt |
Date | 7 January 2010 |
Target | Coptic Christians |
Attack type | Massacre |
Deaths | 9 in the attack 2 in associated attacks |
Injured | 11 |
Perpetrators | Muslim gunmen |
Nag Hammadi Massacre was a massacre of Coptic Christians carried out on the eve of January 7th, 2010 in the Egyptian city of Nag Hammadi. The massacre occurred at the hands of Muslim gunmen in front of the Nag Hammadi cathedral, as Coptic Christians were leaving the church after celebrating the midnight Christmas mass according to the Coptic calendar. The massacre resulted in the murder of 8 Copts and 1 Muslim bystander.[1][2] Nine other Copts were confirmed to be wounded, and two Muslims were reportedly wounded in the attack.[3]
Following the attack, two other Coptic Christian women were killed in nearby villages when Muslim mobs set their houses on fire. Numerous Coptic businesses were looted and destroyed in the accompanying attacks.
The Nag Hammadi massacre gained widespread international attention, and was condemned by Pope Benedict XVI[4], Lebanese MP Nadim Gemayel[5][6], Italian foreign minister Franco Frattini[7][8] [9], and Canadian foreign minister Lawrence Cannon[10][11]. The attacks were one of the most serious outbreaks of anti-Christian violence in Egypt, and the worst since the murder of 21 Coptic Christians in Kosheh in January 2000.
Background
Part of a series of articles on the |
Modern persecution of Coptic Christians |
---|
Overview |
Terrorist attacks |
Figures |
Coptic Christians are the direct descendants of the Ancient Egyptians.[12][13][14][15][16] They form the largest religious minority in the Middle East, and represent between 15% and 20% of a population of over 80 million Egyptians[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] though estimates vary (see Religion in Egypt). The Coptic community has been targeted by hate crimes and physical assaults, and has been facing varying degrees of discriminatory and restrictive government policies.[31] Since the 1970s, when Islamic terrorism began to gain ground in Egypt, there have been many attacks on members of the Coptic Christian minority. Local authorities' handling of such cases is often criticized. Police are accused of delaying their response to reports of fighting and then simply arresting equal numbers of Muslims and Christians in order to create some sort of balance. Sometimes criminal investigations are dropped in favor of informal reconciliation meetings, and Coptic Christians continuously complain that attacks against them always go unpunished.[32][33][34] Other forms of anti-Christian discrimination in Egypt include discrimination in hiring in the public sector and staff appointments to public universities, prohibition from studying at Al-Azhar University (a publicly funded institution with approximately half a million students), and barring from certain jobs such as Arabic language teachers.[35]
Events
Bishop Kyrillos (Cyril), the Coptic Orthodox bishop of Nag Hammadi, had warned the Egyptian police that there have been threats in the days leading up to the Christmas Eve service. For this reason, he decided to end his mass one hour earlier than normal. He told the Associated Press that, for days, he had expected something to happen on Christmas Eve. He said he left the church minutes before the attack, and had to take the back door when a suspicious driving car swerved near him. Seconds later he heard the mayhem, lots of machine-gun shots.[36]
As the Christian worshipers were leaving the Nag Hammadi Cathedral after the Christmas Eve service, a car pulled up and gunfire was sprayed into the crowd. As a result, eight Copts all aged between 15 and 23 were killed. Six died immediately, while two more died the following day because of severe injuries.[37][38] In addition one Muslim bystander was also killed in the attack.[3][39] Nine other Copts were confirmed wounded, and two Muslims were reportedly wounded in the attack.
The names of the Coptic victims are:[40][41]
- Mina Helmy Said (16 years).
- Bishoy Farid Labib (16 years).
- Dina Hamalni (17 years).
- Boula Atef Yassa (18 years).
- Abanoub Kamal Nashed (19 years).
- Ayman Zakaria Louka (25 years).
- Rafik Refaat William (28 years).
- Zakaria Toma (29 years).
In addition, two Coptic women died when a Muslim mob set the houses of Christians on fire in nearby villages. The names of these two women are:[42][43]
- Mary Bouktor.
- Alice Koustangi (from the village of Bahgoura).
Aftermath
On 8 January 2010, three men were arrested and charged with premeditated murder in association with the Nag Hammadi massacre."[34] The names of the three accused men were Mohammed al-Kammuni, Qurshi Abul Haggag and Hendawi Sayyed. The trial opened on 13 February 2010. Despite initially confessing to the police, they have pleaded not guilty to the charges of premeditated murder, putting lives of citizens at risk, and damaging property. The Supreme State Security Court adjourned the trial until 20 March 2010.[44]
Motives
Egyptian officials suspected that the shooting may have been "in revenge for the alleged rape of a 12-year-old Muslim girl by a Christian man" in the nearby town of Farshout in November, which at the time led to five days of riots and attacks on Christian businesses and properties in Upper Egypt.[3] A man was arrested and charged with the alleged rape on November 21, 2009, and is due to stand trial.[45], However, the man continuously denied the allegations, and Christian sources believed he had been framed.[46][47][48]
Egyptian Reaction
Following the Nag Hammadi massacre and the associated attacks, the Egyptian police raided the homes of Coptic Christian families in Nag Hammadi on 10 January 2010, and arrested 22 young Copts, most of whom were teenagers. These Copts were detained at the Nag Hammadi police station for a few days, then transferred to jail in the isolated New Valley Governorate. None of the arrested Copts was ever formally charged with any crime.[49]
It was not until two weeks after the massacre that President Hosni Mubarak made his first remarks directly condemning what happened. He stated that "The criminal act in Nag Hammadi has made the hearts of Egyptians bleed, whether Copts or Muslims".[34]
The Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (EIPR) condemned the attack, stating that despite warnings by local church authorities of possible violence during the Coptic holiday, police had not bolstered security for Christmas.[34]
On 9 January 2010, hundreds of people in Cairo demonstrated, carrying placards condemning "the shocking silence of the authorities" and stating "We are All Copts". On the same day, Egyptian police arrested 20 people who demonstrated in the town of Bahgura against the Nag Hammadi massacre.[50]
On 15 January, 29 Egyptian human rights activists, bloggers, and members of political parties visited Nag Hammadi in order to show solidarity with the Coptic community against the recent attacks on Coptic civilians. All 29 activists were arrested by Egyptian police while on their way to pay their condolences to the families of the Coptic Christians shot and killed one week earlier. The group included prominent activists such as Wael Abbas, members of April 6 Youth Movement, and members of the Democratic Front Party. The group included 8 women, one of whom was a French citizen. The activists were detained and interrogated by the prosecutor the Qena Governorate. A number of them was charged with demonstrating illegally, chanting slogans against the state, and causing disorder. Group members denied these allegations, stating that Egyptian police arrested them when they arrived at the train station, and that the group had not had time to engage in any activities.[51][52]
International Reaction
The Nag Hammadi massacre gained widespread international attention, and was condemned by Pope Benedict XVI[53], Lebanese MP Nadim Gemayel[54][55], Italian foreign minister Franco Frattini[7][56] [57], and Canadian foreign minister Lawrence Cannon[58][59].
The actions of the Egyptian government in the aftermath of the crime were also strongly condemned by Sarah Leah Whitson, the Middle East director of Human Rights Watch. "The Egyptian authorities should be focusing on the causes of the tragic shooting of six Coptic Christians," she stated. "Instead, they’re arresting activists whose efforts to express their condolences is an important step toward healing sectarian fractures."[60][61]
See also
- Persecution of Copts
- Copts
- Coptic Orthodox Church
- Date of Christmas according to the Coptic calendar
- Christianity in Egypt
- Persecution of Christians
References
- ^ Al-Ahram newspaper mentions that the sole Muslim victim was killed at the outskirts of the city while riding a taxi with some of his Christian friends "قتل أيمن المسلم بجوار رفيق المسيحي في سيارة تاكسي علي حدود المدينة. المصادفة قادت رفيق ومينا إلي سيارة أجرة, يقودها أسامة محمد عبد اللطيف' أمين شرطة بمركز نجع حمادي يعمل علي تحسين أحواله المعيشية, فمرتبات الحكومة هزيلة لا تسمن ولا تغني من جوع..ثم تقابلا مع سامح صلاح شقيق سوزان, وأيمن حامد هاشم, وأخذوا التاكسي يتجولون به ليلة العيد. عاد من شغله في السابعة مساء, ثم اغتسل وخرج..وقابل رفيق في العاشرة..وماتا معا برصاصات بلطجي لا يعرف ربنا!"
- ^ El Fagr newspaper stated that the Muslim victim, who was also the guard of the church, was not on duty when he was killed. He had finished his duty at 7:00pm, gone home to change, then went out with some of his Christian friends "لم يكن المجند أيمن حامد الحارس المسلم لكنيسة نجع حمادي والذي قتل برصاص الكموني ورفاقه في ساعة عمل، كان قد أنهي ورديته في الحراسة الساعة السابعة مساء ليلة العيد، وخرج مع بعض أصدقائه الأقباط - من الطبيعي أن يصاحب شبابا قبطيا فهو حارس كنيستهم - قضي ساعة مع أصدقائه في بهجورة، ثم عاد إلي نجع حمادي لينتظر أصدقاءه حتي يخرجوا من قداس العيد ليكملوا سهرتهم."
- ^ a b c "Egypt Copts killed in Christmas church attack". BBC News. 2010-01-07. Retrieved 2010-03-07.
- ^ Pope condemns murder of Coptic Christians in Egypt, (AFP) – Jan 10, 2010
- ^ Lebanese PM النائب نديم الجميّل Nadim Gemayel stands in solidarity with Egypt's Copts يتضامن مع أقباط مصر (Arabic)
- ^ Nadim Gemayel denounces the attack on Christian Copts in Egyptنديم الجميل يستنكر الاعتداء على المسيحيين الأقباط في مصر (Arabic)
- ^ a b "Minister Frattini dismayed by the recent violence against the Coptic Christian community in Egypt". Italian Foreign Ministry. 2010-01-07. Retrieved 2010-03-07.
- ^ http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/4960336-7-people-killed-in-a-shooting-incident-in-southern-egypt
- ^ http://freecopts.net/english/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1098&Itemid=9&widthstyle=w-wide
- ^ http://www.international.gc.ca/media/aff/news-communiques/2010/004-Egypt.aspx
- ^ http://vladtepesblog.com/?p=18520
- ^ World Council of Churches
- ^ http://www.worldmag.com/articles/15734
- ^ http://www.wiscopts.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=81&Itemid=90
- ^ http://www.copticmission.org/copticchurch
- ^ http://www.coptic.org/language/georgy/common.htm
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica (1985)
- ^ Macropædia (15th ed., Chicago)
- ^ http://www.asharqalawsat.com/leader.asp?section=3&article=157751&issueno=8872 "Institut National Etudes Démographiques" - Research in population and demography of France estimates the coptic population to be
- ^ "Egypt from "The World Factbook"". American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). September 4, 2008.
- ^ ""The Copts and Their Political Implications in Egypt"". Washington Institute for Near East Policy. October 25, 2005.
- ^ IPS News (retrieved 09-27-2008)
- ^ [1]. The Washington Post. "Estimates of the size of Egypt's Christian population vary from the low government figures of 6 to 7 million to the 12 million reported by some Christian leaders. The actual numbers may be in the 9 to 9.5 million range, out of an Egyptian population of more than 60 million." Retrieved 10-10-2008
- ^ Ibrahim, Youssef M. "Muslims' Fury Falls on Egypt's Christians". The New York Times, March 15, 1993. Retrieved 10-10-2008.
- ^ Chan, Kenneth. Thousands Protest Egypt's Neglect of Coptic Persecution". The Christian Post. December 7, 2004. Accessed 28 September, 2008.
- ^ NLG Solutions <Online>. Egypt. Accessed 28 September, 2008.
- ^ "Egypt from "U.S. Department of State/Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs"". United States Department of State. September 30, 2008.
- ^ "Egypt from "Foreign and Commonwealth Office"". Foreign and Commonwealth Office -UK Ministry of Foreign Affairs. August 15, 2008.
- ^ "Egypt Religions & Peoples from "LOOKLEX Encyclopedia"". LookLex Ltd. September 30, 2008.
- ^ "Egypt from "msn encarta"". Encarta. September 30, 2008. Archived from the original on 2009-10-31.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/copticchristians.htm
- ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8478397.stm
- ^ International Freedom of Expression eXchange
- ^ a b c d "Egypt's anxious Copts 'await next catastrophe'". BBC News. 2010-01-25. Retrieved 2010-03-07.
- ^ http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/egypt/copt.htm
- ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8445838.stm
- ^ http://besara7a.wordpress.com/2010/01/06/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%81%D9%89-%D9%86%D8%AC/ Muslims kill Christians on Christmas Eve At Nag Hammadi
- ^ http://justaq.wordpress.com/category/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA/
- ^ Egypt arrests Nag Hammadi shooters, Gregg Carlstrom | January 8, 2010
- ^ Diocese to Commemorate Nag Hammadi Martyrs, February 9, 2010
- ^ http://www.alqabas.com.kw/Temp/Pages/2010/01/08/44_page.pdf
- ^ http://besara7a.wordpress.com/2010/01/06/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%81%D9%89-%D9%86%D8%AC/ Muslims kill Christians on Christmas Eve At Nag Hammadi
- ^ http://justaq.wordpress.com/category/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA/
- ^ "Egyptian Coptic murder trial opens and is adjourned". BBC News. 2010-02-14. Retrieved 2010-03-07.
- ^ Fadl, Essam (2010-02-09). "Lawyer of alleged Coptic rapist requests trial transfer". The Daily News Egypt. Retrieved 2010-03-08. [dead link]
- ^ http://www.aina.org/news/20100127220312.htm
- ^ http://www.copts.com/english/?p=3937
- ^ http://www.thedailynewsegypt.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=27718
- ^ http://justaq.wordpress.com/category/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA/
- ^ International Freedom of Expression eXchange
- ^ International Freedom of Expression eXchange
- ^ Human Rights Watch
- ^ Pope condemns murder of Coptic Christians in Egypt, (AFP) – Jan 10, 2010
- ^ Lebanese PM النائب نديم الجميّل Nadim Gemayel stands in solidarity with Egypt's Copts يتضامن مع أقباط مصر (Arabic)
- ^ Nadim Gemayel denounces the attack on Christian Copts in Egyptنديم الجميل يستنكر الاعتداء على المسيحيين الأقباط في مصر (Arabic)
- ^ http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/4960336-7-people-killed-in-a-shooting-incident-in-southern-egypt
- ^ http://freecopts.net/english/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1098&Itemid=9&widthstyle=w-wide
- ^ http://www.international.gc.ca/media/aff/news-communiques/2010/004-Egypt.aspx
- ^ http://vladtepesblog.com/?p=18520
- ^ Human Rights Watch
- ^ International Freedom of Expression eXchange