Assem Khidhr (talk | contribs) m Added reliable sources with specific quotes as per WP:RSPSOURCES. Tags: Reverted Visual edit |
Francis Schonken (talk | contribs) Undid revision 986217514 by Assem Khidhr (talk) as explained on talk, not really lead material if it isn't in the body of the article, especially as this is an opinion not necessarily shared by all Tag: Undo |
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The '''murder of Samuel Paty''', a French [[middle-school]] teacher, took place on 16 October 2020 in [[Conflans-Sainte-Honorine]], a suburb of Paris. Paty was killed and [[decapitation|beheaded]] in an act of [[Islamic terrorism|Islamist terrorism]]. |
The '''murder of Samuel Paty''', a French [[middle-school]] teacher, took place on 16 October 2020 in [[Conflans-Sainte-Honorine]], a suburb of Paris. Paty was killed and [[decapitation|beheaded]] in an act of [[Islamic terrorism|Islamist terrorism]]. |
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The perpetrator, Abdoullakh Abouyedovich Anzorov, an 18-year-old [[Islam in France|Muslim]] Russian-born refugee of [[Chechens|Chechen]] descent, killed and beheaded Paty with a knife. Anzorov was shot and killed by police minutes later. His motive for the murder was that Paty had, in a class on [[freedom of expression]], shown his students |
The perpetrator, Abdoullakh Abouyedovich Anzorov, an 18-year-old [[Islam in France|Muslim]] Russian-born refugee of [[Chechens|Chechen]] descent, killed and beheaded Paty with a knife. Anzorov was shot and killed by police minutes later. His motive for the murder was that Paty had, in a class on [[freedom of expression]], shown his students ''[[Charlie Hebdo]]'' [[Charlie Hebdo#2012 cartoons depicting Muhammad|cartoon]]s depicting the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]],<ref name="Reuters Paone">{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/france-security-school-parents-idINKBN27201Z|title=For a teacher in France, a civics class was followed by a gruesome death|date=16 October 2020|author=Anthony Paone|agency=[[Reuters]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017220940/https://www.reuters.com/article/france-security-school-parents-idINKBN27201Z|archive-date=17 October 2020|url-status=live|access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="AP News">{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/france-teacher-decapitated-eragny-f1ecd575344d171ff8fc8c33c5320f0c|title=French leader decries terrorist beheading of teacher|date=17 October 2020|author=Elaine Ganley|agency=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/17/teacher-decapitated-in-paris-named-as-samuel-paty-47|title=Teacher decapitated in Paris named as Samuel Paty, 47|date=17 October 2020|author=Kim Willsher|website=[[The Guardian]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017221709/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/17/teacher-decapitated-in-paris-named-as-samuel-paty-47|archive-date=17 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> including one cartoon which depicted Muhammad [[nudity|naked]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54581827|title=France teacher attack: Suspect 'asked pupils to point Samuel Paty out'|date=17 October 2020|via=www.bbc.com}}</ref> |
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[[President of France|French president]] [[Emmanuel Macron]] said that the incident was "a typical Islamist terrorist attack", and that "our compatriot was killed for teaching children freedom of speech". The murder was one of several [[List of terrorist incidents in France#21st century|attacks in France]] in recent years, and it created debate in French society and [[politics of France|politics]]. |
[[President of France|French president]] [[Emmanuel Macron]] said that the incident was "a typical Islamist terrorist attack", and that "our compatriot was killed for teaching children freedom of speech". The murder was one of several [[List of terrorist incidents in France#21st century|attacks in France]] in recent years, and it created debate in French society and [[politics of France|politics]]. |
Revision as of 14:27, 30 October 2020
Murder of Samuel Paty | |
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Part of Islamic terrorism in Europe | |
Location | Conflans-Sainte-Honorine, Yvelines, France |
Date | 16 October 2020 |
Attack type | Decapitation |
Weapons | Knife |
Victim | Samuel Paty |
Perpetrator | Abdoullakh Anzorov |
Motive | Jihadism, Islamic extremism |
The murder of Samuel Paty, a French middle-school teacher, took place on 16 October 2020 in Conflans-Sainte-Honorine, a suburb of Paris. Paty was killed and beheaded in an act of Islamist terrorism.
The perpetrator, Abdoullakh Abouyedovich Anzorov, an 18-year-old Muslim Russian-born refugee of Chechen descent, killed and beheaded Paty with a knife. Anzorov was shot and killed by police minutes later. His motive for the murder was that Paty had, in a class on freedom of expression, shown his students Charlie Hebdo cartoons depicting the Islamic prophet Muhammad,[1][2][3] including one cartoon which depicted Muhammad naked.[4]
French president Emmanuel Macron said that the incident was "a typical Islamist terrorist attack", and that "our compatriot was killed for teaching children freedom of speech". The murder was one of several attacks in France in recent years, and it created debate in French society and politics.
Background
Victim
Samuel Paty (French pronunciation: [samɥɛl pati]) was born in 1973.[5] He was a middle-school teacher of history, geography, and civics who taught at Collège Bois-d'Aulne, located in Conflans-Sainte-Honorine, France, a suburb 30 kilometres (19 mi) north-west of central Paris, for five years.[6][7] He lived ten minutes away from the middle school, in the small town of Éragny, Val-d'Oise.[8] He was married, and the father of a five-year-old boy.[8][9][10]
Events leading up to the murder
Paty taught a moral and civic education course in early October 2020 on freedom of expression, in accord with the French national curriculum.[11] During his class he showed some of his teenage students a caricature of Muhammad from the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo during a class discussion about freedom of speech.[1][2][3] Before showing the caricature, Paty had invited Muslim students to leave the classroom if they wished.[3] According to one student, he had previously shown these cartoons as part of the discussion every year since the Charlie Hebdo shooting in 2015.[12] For many Muslims, any depiction of Muhammad is blasphemous.[1]
According to some sources, Paty showed two cartoons to his students, one of which portrayed Muhammad naked[13] with his genitals exposed,[14] although accounts differ on precisely what was presented in the classroom.[15] Brahim Chnina,[16] a female student's father, accused Paty of disseminating pornography to students and filed a criminal complaint with the police.[17][18] Paty responded by filing a complaint of defamation.[17] Chnina claimed on YouTube and Facebook that Paty had displayed an image of Muhammad nude; he named Paty, and gave the school's address.[19][20] He encouraged other parents to join him in action and mobilise against the teacher, whom he described as a thug.[3][21][22]
The Grande Mosque de Pantin published a video on its Facebook page a week before the murder. Abdelhakim Sefrioui , the imam of the mosque and a member of the Conseil des imams de France accompanied the parent in his protest against the teacher in front of the school for showing the caricatures and demanding to meet the school's principal.[23] Sefrioui called the teacher a "thug" in a video (French: voyou[23]), while denouncing the administration of the college. He demanded the teacher's exclusion from high school with the rectorate. The term "thug" had been repeatedly used by the parent Brahim Chnani earlier. The videos were taken down in the hours after the murder.[24]
Chnina also filed a complaint with the school, and encouraged people to protest at the school.[25] A meeting was held between the head teacher, the teacher, and an official from the education authority.[3] Chnina additionally filed a legal complaint about Paty's lesson, leading the teacher to go to the local police station accompanied by the principal.[3] Paty told investigators he could not understand the complaint because Chnina's daughter was not in class on the day Paty showed the cartoon.[3]
Perpetrator
The perpetrator, Abdoullakh Abouyedovich Anzorov, was an 18-year-old Russian immigrant of Chechen ethnic descent, born in Moscow.[26][27] Chechnya is a Muslim-majority republic and federal subject of the Russian Federation.[28]
Anzorov had come to France with refugee status 12 years earlier as a six-year-old boy.[7][29] He lived in the Madeleine district of the Normandy town of Évreux, about 100 km (62 miles) from the murder scene, and had no apparent connection with the teacher or the school.[30][31]
The Anzorov family came from the village of Shalazhi in Chechnya. Abdoullakh's father Abuezid moved first to Moscow, and then to Paris. Anzorov's half-sister joined ISIS in Syria in 2014.[32][33] In March 2020, the family had received refugee status and 10-year residency cards in France.[6][3] Abdoullakh was not noticed by security agencies, though he had previously been in courts on minor misdemeanour charges.[34][25]
Before the attack, he was in communication with two unidentified jihadists in Syria, including a Russian-speaking one, located through their IP addresses at Idlib, the last jihadist bastion of the country, under the control of the Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham organization,[35] which denied responsibility for the attack.[36] He claimed responsibility for the attack just after it in an audio message in Russian in which he says he is ready to be a "Shahid" (a martyr) and that he had "avenged the prophet" of Samuel Paty who "showed him in an insulting manner". In a video broadcast on Instagram, among others, he refers to the Islamic State.[37]
Murder and beheading
A week and a half after Paty's freedom-of-speech class, on 16 October 2020, Anzorov waited outside Paty's school's gates, and asked a number of students to point out the teacher. He then followed Paty as he left the school.[38][39] Using a knife measuring at 30 centimetres (12 in), Anzorov killed Paty and beheaded him in a street near the school where Paty taught, at approximately 5:00 p.m.[39][3][40] In addition to decapitating Paty, Anzorov inflicted a number of wounds to his head, abdomen, and upper limbs.[3][41] Witnesses told police they heard the killer shout "Allahu Akbar" during the attack.[6][42]
Immediate aftermath
Minutes after the murder, the pseudonym @Tchetchene_270, identified by anti-terrorism prosecutor Jean-François Ricard as belonging to Abdoullakh Anzorov, posted on Twitter an image of Paty's severed head. The photo was posted with the message: "In the name of Allah, the most gracious, the most merciful, ... to Macron, leader of the infidels, I executed one of your hellhounds who dared to belittle Muhammad, calm his fellow human beings before a harsh punishment is inflicted on you."[3][15][43][44]
Minutes later, Anzorov was confronted by police about 600 metres (660 yards) from the scene in Éragny, near Conflans-Sainte-Honorine, and the police tried to arrest him.[43][6][40] Anzorov shot at the police with an air rifle and tried to stab them with a knife.[12] The police in response shot him nine times, killing him.[3][12] On Anzorov's phone they found a text claiming responsibility, and a photograph of Paty's body.[6][43]
Investigations and arrests
Sixteen people[45] were later taken into custody for investigation.[46][7][47] They included Anzorov's grandparents, parents, and 17-year-old brother.[47][7][48][49] Also arrested were Abdelhakim Sefrioui, an Islamist militant known to French anti-terrorism police,[12][50] Brahim Chnina, the father of a girl in Paty's class,[51][52] who is suspected of issuing a fatwa against Paty, and four students[45] who are suspected of taking money from the killer in exchange for identifying the teacher.[53]
Reactions
French reactions
French President Emmanuel Macron visited the school where Paty had worked, and said that the incident was "a typical Islamist terrorist attack".[2][54][55] He also said: "our compatriot was killed for teaching children freedom of speech".[56] French Education Minister Jean-Michel Blanquer called the killing an "attack on the French nation as a whole".[57] Jean-Rémi Girard, president of the secondary school teaching union, said teachers were "devastated" but would not be cowed.[58] France's anti-terrorist prosecutor said the teacher had been "assassinated for teaching," and the attack was an assault on the principle of freedom of expression.[3]
Charlie Hebdo issued a statement expressing its "horror and revolt" and gave their support for the family and friends of Paty.[59] Many Muslims and religious leaders in France condemned the act.[60]
French police announced that there were more than 80 messages on social media from French people supporting the attacker.[61] Minister of the Interior Gérald Darmanin ordered that the Grande Mosque de Pantin was to be closed for six months.[24] The mosque, which has about 1,500 worshippers situated just north of Paris, was ordered closed for having published videos inciting against Samuel Paty. Its imam, Abdelhakim Sefrioui, is under investigation and remains under arrest. The mosque removed the posts after the murder and expressed "regret" over publishing the videos, and published instead an announcement condemning the teacher's killing.[citation needed]
Two days after the murder, a defence council ordered the deportation of 231 foreign citizens which were known to security services in the Fiche S register. Of those, 180 were in prison and the rest were to be arrested.[62]
A farewell ceremony was scheduled to be held on 21 October in consultation with Paty's family.[63] At the ceremony, held at the Sorbonne university, President Macron awarded the Légion d'honneur to Paty's family, and described Paty as "a quiet hero".[64]
On 23 October, the French Council of the Muslim Faith (CFCM) sent the Imams of France a text that they could use as inspiration for their Friday prayers in response to the attack. In it, CFCM noted that "The horrible assassination ... reminds us of the scourges that sadly mark our reality: that of the eruption in our country of radicalism, violence and terrorism claiming to be Islam, claiming victims of all ages, all conditions and all convictions." "No, we Muslims are not persecuted in France," the authors continued. "We are sometimes targets of anti-Muslim acts,", but "others are also victims of hostile acts. In the face of these provocations, we must remain decent, serene and clear-sighted."[65]
France's interior minister Gérald Darmanin demanded dissolution of two Islamic NGOs: CCIF Collective against Islamophobia in France and Baraka City, which he described as "enemies" of the state. Both the NGOs have been accused of taking part in a social media campaign against the teacher, launched by the father of one of his pupils.[66]
The terrorist attack highlighted the problems France faced with integrating foreigners into the French society in a country which was becoming increasingly racially and ethnically diverse and the political establishment formed a consensus that two or three generations of "newcomers" had struggled to integrate.[67]
Rallies and public protests
The hashtags #Je Suis Prof and #Je Suis Enseignant, both meaning "I am a teacher", were launched in support of the victim and in support of freedom of expression.[68] This was reminiscent of the campaign and hashtag #JeSuisCharlie launched after Charlie Hebdo journalists, and 12 people total, were murdered in an Islamist attack because the magazine had published cartoons depicting Muhammad.[69]
Rallies in protest against the murder, and criticising the government's ineffective response to radical Islam, took place in Place de la République in Paris, and in other cities across France.[70][71] The demonstrators held various placards with statements such as "Je suis Samuel" and "Schools in mourning" written on them.[72] The demonstrators also chanted "Freedom of expression, freedom to teach", or sang "La Marseillaise," the French national anthem.[72]
Politicians, academics, and envoys joined the demonstrations across France.[73] In Lyon around 12,000 joined the demonstrations, in Toulouse approximately 5,000 turned out, and hundreds more assembled in Nice.[73]
On 21 October, a national memorial event was held at Parisian Sorbonne University in the honour of Paty.[74] Charlie Hebdo caricatures were displayed on regional authority buldings (French: Hôtels de région) in Toulouse and Montpellier.[75]
Opinion poll in France
After the attack on Paty, an opinion poll found that 87% of the respondents considered the secularist society in France (Laicite) was under threat and 79% responded that Islamism had declared war on France and the French republic. The poll found that 89% of the respondents thought the threat of terrorism was high, of those 38% considered the threat very high. This was a large increase of the previous month but did not reach the 50% level which was frequently passed during the spate of Islamist attacks in France during 2015.[76]
The poll was carried out by Institut français d'opinion publique (Ifop).[76]
Foreign reactions
United Nations Alliance of Civilizations high representative Miguel Moratinos condemned the beheading.[77]
Europe
Mark Rutte, the Prime Minister of the Netherlands supported Macron's remarks.[78] In Germany, commemorations were held at the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin.[79][80]
Muslim world
Sheikh Muhammad bin Abdul Karim Issa, Secretary General of the Muslim World League, said "acts of violence and terrorism were crimes in all religions".[81]
The Egyptian Foreign Ministry extended its condolences to the family of Paty and expressed condemnation of the murder.[82] President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi stated that freedom of expression should stop when Muslims are offended.[83]
The Saudi Arabia Foreign Ministry released a statement where the linking of Islam with terrorism was rejected while condemning the Muhammad cartoons.[84] The ministry also released a statement expressing its solidarity with the French people, while rejecting violence and repeated its position that religious symbols should be respected and that people should refrain from insulting religion.[81]
The Jordanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates condemned the terrorist act and noted "the necessity of respecting religious beliefs and avoiding targeting them or insulting religious symbols".[85]
Ramzan Kadyrov, Head of the Chechen Republic, condemned the attack stating "We condemn this act of terror and offer condolences to the family of the victim", and also cautioned against offending or insulting Muslims.[86]
On October 17, Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs condemned the "atrocious" murder and expressed condolences to the loved ones of Samuel Paty.
Following the actions and statements of French President Macron such as describing Islam as a religion “in crisis” worldwide, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan questioned Macron's mental health,[87] and called for a boycott of French goods.[88] Erdoğan was supported in parliament by the dominant AK Party, the Nationalist Movement Party, the secular opposition Republican People’s Party and the Iyi Party.[89]
Muslims in some other countries called for French products to be boycotted and some supermarkets in Kuwait and Qatar boycotted French goods after President Emmanuel Macron publicly defended the cartoons.[90]
The Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan commented that the French president was promoting Islamophobia.[91] Additionally, the National Assembly of Pakistan passed a resolution to recall its envoy from France,[92] however the position had already been vacant for months.[93]
Algeria's Supreme Islamic Council stated that they condemned the "frenzied" campaign amongst circles in France targeting Islam and the Prophet.[94]
Morocco in a statement called the cartoon an "act of provocation".[95]
In Iran, the French delegation was summoned to protest France's permission of "hatred against Islam under the guise of support for freedom of expression".[96]
In Bangladesh, over ten thousand people carried out a peaceful protest against Macron.[96]
The Malaysian government said they condemned rhetoric disrespectful towards Islam amid calls from Muslim activists in the country to boycott French products.[97] Meanwhile, former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad shared his view on tolerance on his blog and said that "Muslims have a right to be angry and to kill millions of French people for the massacres of the past. But by and large the Muslims have applied the 'eye for an eye' law. Muslims don't. The French shouldn't. Instead the French should teach their people to respect other people's feeling."[98]
India
The Indian foreign ministry in a statement condemned the murder.[99] It also called the personal attacks on Macron "unacceptable language".[99] Thousands of Indian users expressed their solidarity with France with #IStandWithFrance and #WeStandWithFrance among the top trends on Indian Twitter.[100] The Indian Ministry of External Affairs, in a statement issued on Twitter, also condemned the "personal attack" on French President Emmanuel Macron.[101][102]
On 30th October, Members of the Muslim community on Thursday protested at Iqbal Maidan in Bhopal, capital of Maharashtra, against French President Emmanuel Macron over the controversy about the depiction of Prophet Muhammad in cartoons amid the support done by Indian government[citation needed]. On the protests, Indian National Congress leader Asif Masood demanded that the Union government asked the Indian Ambassador to France to register protest against "anti-Muslim" stand of that country's regime. Furthermore, Asif Masood accused Macron of supporting offensive cartoons of Prophet Muhammad and intentionally hurting the sentiments of Muslims.[103]
See also
- 2020 Nice stabbing
- Islam and violence
- Islamic terrorism
- Islamophobia in France
- Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy
- List of Islamist terrorist attacks
References
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According to a copy of the lesson plan described by Mr. Ricard, Mr. Paty showed the class two cartoons. One depicted a man on his hands and knees, with his genitals exposed and a star covering part of his backside. The cartoon's caption read: "Muhammad, a star is born," Mr. Ricard said.
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Ricard said the school received threats after the class in early October, which featured the controversial caricatures — one of the prophet naked — with the girl's father accusing Paty of disseminating "pornography". The girl and her father lodged a criminal complaint against the teacher, who in turn filed a complaint of defamation, said Ricard.
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Four relatives of the attacker, including a minor, were detained
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{{cite web}}
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{{cite news}}
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{{cite web}}
: External link in
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{{cite web}}
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{{cite web}}
:|first=
missing|last=
(help) - ^ "Chechen leader denounces terrorist attack on teacher outside Paris". TASS. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
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{{cite web}}
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{{cite web}}
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External links
External videos | |
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"Thousands gather in Paris in memory of murdered teacher Samuel Paty – video report", The Guardian, 18 October 2020 |