I removed the stuff relating to iatrogenic effects as that is better suited to the D.I.D page. Also the vice article you sourced didn't mention any multiplicity tiktok communities? We can talk about it on the talk page Tags: Reverted Visual edit |
Kate the mochii (talk | contribs) See talk page (scope of this article). Tags: Manual revert Reverted Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
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{{Short description|Subculture of people with multiple personalities}}{{About|the online subculture|the mental disorder|Dissociative Identity Disorder|the psychological concept|Multiplicity (psychology)}} |
{{Short description|Subculture of people with multiple personalities}}{{About|the online subculture|the mental disorder|Dissociative Identity Disorder|the psychological concept|Multiplicity (psychology)}} |
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'''Multiplicity''', also called '''plurality''', is an [[Online community|online subculture]] of people having or using multiple [[Subpersonality|personalities]].<ref name="Ribáry">{{Cite journal |last1=Ribáry |first1=Gergő |last2=Lajtai |first2=László |last3=Demetrovics |first3=Zsolt |last4=Maraz |first4=Aniko |date=2017-06-13 |title=Multiplicity: An Explorative Interview Study on Personal Experiences of People with Multiple Selves |journal=Frontiers in Psychology |volume=8 |page=938 |doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00938 |issn=1664-1078 |pmc=5468408 |pmid=28659840 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name="Vice">{{Cite web |last=Telfer |first=Tori |date=2015-05-11 |title=Are Multiple Personalities Always a Disorder? |url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/vdxgw9/when-multiple-personalities-are-not-a-disorder-400 |access-date=2020-06-15 |website=Vice |language=en}}</ref> |
'''Multiplicity''', also called '''plurality''', is an [[Online community|online subculture]] of people having or using multiple [[Subpersonality|personalities]].<ref name="Ribáry">{{Cite journal |last1=Ribáry |first1=Gergő |last2=Lajtai |first2=László |last3=Demetrovics |first3=Zsolt |last4=Maraz |first4=Aniko |date=2017-06-13 |title=Multiplicity: An Explorative Interview Study on Personal Experiences of People with Multiple Selves |journal=Frontiers in Psychology |volume=8 |page=938 |doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00938 |issn=1664-1078 |pmc=5468408 |pmid=28659840 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name="Vice">{{Cite web |last=Telfer |first=Tori |date=2015-05-11 |title=Are Multiple Personalities Always a Disorder? |url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/vdxgw9/when-multiple-personalities-are-not-a-disorder-400 |access-date=2020-06-15 |website=Vice |language=en}}</ref> Multiplicity communities mostly exist through social media blogging platforms like [[TikTok]],<ref name="Vice" /> and have been linked to [[Iatrogenesis|iatrogenic]] effects, like [[self-diagnosis]] of [[Dissociative identity disorder|dissociative identity disorders]] and perpetuation of their symptoms.<ref name="Ribáry" /><ref name=":4" /> |
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== Definition == |
== Definition == |
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== Role as a support community == |
== Role as a support community == |
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In their 2017 study on online multiplicity communities, Ribáry et al. found that for participants, "the common identity of 'being multiple' aids in the process of coping with the alterations of the personality" and that for them, "the discovery of the concept of multiplicity and the possibility of communicating with others was helpful and therapeutic".<ref name="Ribáry" /> |
In their 2017 study on online multiplicity communities, Ribáry et al. found that for participants, "the common identity of 'being multiple' aids in the process of coping with the alterations of the personality" and that for them, "the discovery of the concept of multiplicity and the possibility of communicating with others was helpful and therapeutic".<ref name="Ribáry" /> |
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== Role towards [[iatrogenesis]] == |
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Multiplicity [[influencers]] have received criticism for portraying dissociative identity disorders lightheartedly, subject to community response encouraging such content. About the "DID TikTok" community, the online magazine ''Input'' writes:<ref name=":3" /> |
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{{Quote|text=On DID TikTok, the disorder often comes across like a lighthearted state of being, in stark contrast to the way it is spoken about by clinicians and other people who live with it: Each system presents a cast of colorful characters, often squabbling over the body that they share. On occasion, systems let down their guard and post about the emotional turmoil that comes with DID — but these videos are often not as popular.}} |
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Psychologist Naomi Torres-Mackie, head of research at The Mental Health Coalition, claims that multiplicity-related social media content caused an increase in [[self-diagnosis]] of related disorders. She states: "All of a sudden, all of my adolescent patients think that they have this, and they don't ... Folks start attaching clinical meaning and feeling like, 'I should be diagnosed with this. I need medication for this', when actually a lot of these experiences are normative and don't need to be pathologized or treated."<ref>{{cite web |date=2022-01-27 |title=Teens are using ''TikTok'' to diagnose themselves with dissociative identity disorder |url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/dissociative-identity-disorder-on-tiktok |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=Teen Vogue}}</ref> |
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In their 2017 study on online multiplicity communities, Ribáry et al. wrote about a [[Reinforcement theory|reinforcing effect]] in the online multiplicity subculture:<ref name="Ribáry" /> |
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{{Quote|text=On the one hand, the online community may prevent members seeking professional help, and on the other hand, individuals with disturbed but not dissociated identity problems also may internalize the group's beliefs and rules, further increasing the severity of their fragmentedness.}} |
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=== ''Faking'' and ''fakeclaiming'' === |
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The magazines ''[[Psychology Today]] and [[Teen Vogue]]'' describe accusations of "faking" and "fakeclaiming" to be commonplace in online multiplicity communities. "Faking" refers to an individual intentionally attributing a false medical condition like [[dissociative identity disorder]] or [[Other specified dissociative disorder|OSDD]] to a willfully exaggerated presentation of multiple personalities. "Fakeclaiming" refers to an accusation of "Faking".<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> Heather Hall, a psychiatrist on the board of directors for the [[International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation]], argues that such back-and-forth "faking" and "fakeclaiming" accusations have a [[gaslighting]] impact on members suffering from dissociative disorders, causing them to doubt their diagnosis.<ref name=":4" /> A common topic of discourse in online multiplicity communities, especially ones centered around dissociative identity disorder, is whether or not a medical condition or a medical diagnosis is required to be considered a "system".<ref name="Vice" /> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
Revision as of 14:30, 30 June 2023
Multiplicity, also called plurality, is an online subculture of people having or using multiple personalities.[1][2][3] Multiplicity communities mostly exist through social media blogging platforms like TikTok,[3] and have been linked to iatrogenic effects, like self-diagnosis of dissociative identity disorders and perpetuation of their symptoms.[1][4]
Definition
Some online communities define multiplicity to include both:[3][5][6]
- Psychological conditions like identity disturbance or dissociative identity disorder.
- Spiritual, cultural, paranormal, or roleplay practices.
Others are more exclusive to people that have dissociative disorders.[1][4]
Origins
Vice Magazine suggests that the Tibetan practice of tulpamancy is a predecessor of present-day multiplicity communities.[3] Nowadays, a dedicated tulpamancy subculture also exists, where practitioners willfully create and entertain tulpas, a form of imaginary friend.[7] According to a member of the community interviewed by Vice, the multiplicity community and related vocabulary like "alter" or "system" originated in mailing lists of the 1980s.[3]
Characteristics
Multiplicity communities exist online through social media blogging sites like LiveJournal[8] and more recently, TikTok, Reddit and YouTube.[2][4] They are composed of individuals who identify as "systems" of multiple distinct personalities, often called "alters" which can have different names, ages, genders, sexualities, personalities from one another.[8][9][6] Other common terms within multiplicity communities include:
- "Fronting", of the alter currently controlling the "system".[3]
- "Switching", when an alter fronts in place of another one.[2]
- "Headspace" or "inner world", the concept of a mental space in which alters interact together.[8][3]
- "Singlet", referring to a person that does not experience plurality.[1][3][5]
- "Endogenic", of plurality that has non-traumagenic roots.[6]
Role as a support community
In their 2017 study on online multiplicity communities, Ribáry et al. found that for participants, "the common identity of 'being multiple' aids in the process of coping with the alterations of the personality" and that for them, "the discovery of the concept of multiplicity and the possibility of communicating with others was helpful and therapeutic".[1]
Role towards iatrogenesis
Multiplicity influencers have received criticism for portraying dissociative identity disorders lightheartedly, subject to community response encouraging such content. About the "DID TikTok" community, the online magazine Input writes:[2]
On DID TikTok, the disorder often comes across like a lighthearted state of being, in stark contrast to the way it is spoken about by clinicians and other people who live with it: Each system presents a cast of colorful characters, often squabbling over the body that they share. On occasion, systems let down their guard and post about the emotional turmoil that comes with DID — but these videos are often not as popular.
Psychologist Naomi Torres-Mackie, head of research at The Mental Health Coalition, claims that multiplicity-related social media content caused an increase in self-diagnosis of related disorders. She states: "All of a sudden, all of my adolescent patients think that they have this, and they don't ... Folks start attaching clinical meaning and feeling like, 'I should be diagnosed with this. I need medication for this', when actually a lot of these experiences are normative and don't need to be pathologized or treated."[10]
In their 2017 study on online multiplicity communities, Ribáry et al. wrote about a reinforcing effect in the online multiplicity subculture:[1]
On the one hand, the online community may prevent members seeking professional help, and on the other hand, individuals with disturbed but not dissociated identity problems also may internalize the group's beliefs and rules, further increasing the severity of their fragmentedness.
Faking and fakeclaiming
The magazines Psychology Today and Teen Vogue describe accusations of "faking" and "fakeclaiming" to be commonplace in online multiplicity communities. "Faking" refers to an individual intentionally attributing a false medical condition like dissociative identity disorder or OSDD to a willfully exaggerated presentation of multiple personalities. "Fakeclaiming" refers to an accusation of "Faking".[4][6] Heather Hall, a psychiatrist on the board of directors for the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, argues that such back-and-forth "faking" and "fakeclaiming" accusations have a gaslighting impact on members suffering from dissociative disorders, causing them to doubt their diagnosis.[4] A common topic of discourse in online multiplicity communities, especially ones centered around dissociative identity disorder, is whether or not a medical condition or a medical diagnosis is required to be considered a "system".[3]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f Ribáry, Gergő; Lajtai, László; Demetrovics, Zsolt; Maraz, Aniko (2017-06-13). "Multiplicity: An Explorative Interview Study on Personal Experiences of People with Multiple Selves". Frontiers in Psychology. 8: 938. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00938. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 5468408. PMID 28659840.
- ^ a b c d Lucas, Jessica. "Inside TikTok's booming dissociative identity disorder community". Input. Retrieved 2022-09-25.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Telfer, Tori (2015-05-11). "Are Multiple Personalities Always a Disorder?". Vice. Retrieved 2020-06-15.
- ^ a b c d e Styx, Lo (2022-01-27). "Teens Are Using TikTok to Diagnose Themselves With Dissociative Identity Disorder". Teen Vogue. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
- ^ a b Schechter, Elizabeth. "What we can learn about respect and identity from 'plurals'". Aeon. Retrieved 2022-09-24.
- ^ a b c d "Enacted Identities: Multiplicity, Plurality, and Tulpamancy | Psychology Today". www.psychologytoday.com. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
- ^ Mikles, Natasha L.; Laycock, Joseph P. (2015). "Tracking the Tulpa: Exploring the "Tibetan" Origins of a Contemporary Paranormal Idea" (1): 87-. doi:10.1525/nr.2015.19.1.87.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ a b c Riesman, Abraham (2019-03-29). "The Best Cartoonist You've Never Read Is Eight Different People". Vulture. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
- ^ Parry, Sarah; Eve, Zarah; Myers, Gemma (2022-07-21). "Exploring the Utility and Personal Relevance of Co-Produced Multiplicity Resources with Young People". Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma. 15 (2): 427–439. doi:10.1007/s40653-021-00377-7. ISSN 1936-1521. PMC 9120276. PMID 35600531.
- ^ "Teens are using TikTok to diagnose themselves with dissociative identity disorder". Teen Vogue. 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
Further reading
- Ian Hacking (2000). What's Normal?: Narratives of Mental & Emotional Disorders. Kent State University Press. pp. 39–54. ISBN 9780873386531.
- Jennifer Radden (2011). "Multiple Selves". The Oxford Handbook of the Self. Oxford Handbooks Online. pp. 547 et seq. ISBN 9780199548019.
External links
- MoreThanOne.info, an information page on plurality