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{{Short description|Town in Bangladesh; capital of the Provisional Government of Bangladesh}}{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
[[File:Mujibnagar.JPG|thumb|Statue representing the signing of the [[Pakistani Instrument of Surrender]] at the Mujibnagar Memorial Monument and Complex]]▼
{{Use Bangladeshi English|date=August 2021}}
{{see also|Provisional Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh}}
▲[[File:Statue representing the signing of the Pakistani Instrument of Surrender at the Mujibnagar Memorial Monument and Complex.
[[File:Mujibnogor smritisoudho lal monch.jpg|thumb|The Mujibnagar monument has 23 pillars, some of which are shown here, representing the 23 years of Pakistani rule over East Bengal before it became independent as Bangladesh. The red brick square marks the spot where the Mujibnagar government ministers took their oaths.<ref name=Smriti/>]]
'''Mujibnagar''' ({{lang-bn|মুজিবনগর}}), formerly known as '''Baidyanathtala''' (
|author=Md. Abu Hasan Farooque
|chapter=Meherpur District
|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Meherpur_District
|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |editor=Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |year=2012 |edition=Second}}</ref> The [[Provisional Government of Bangladesh]] was formed on 10 April 1971, however, sworn in on
|author=Mohammad Faiquzzaman
|chapter=Mujibnagar Smriti Saudha
|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Mujibnagar_Smriti_Saudha
|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |editor=Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh |year=2012 |edition=Second}}</ref> The actual capital of the government while in [[government in exile|exile]] was [[Calcutta]]. A memorial complex covering {{convert|20.10|acre|ha}} has been built at the site where the ministers of that first government took their [[Oath of office|oaths]].
==Formation==
Following the failure of last-ditch talks on the formation of a government, Pakistani president [[Yahya Khan]] ordered the Pakistani Army to launch [[Operation Searchlight]] to suppress the nationalist movement. On March 25, 1971 the leader of the Awami League [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] signed an official declaration<ref>J. S. Gupta ''The History of the Liberation Movement in Bangladesh'' Page ??</ref> and called upon the people to resist the occupation forces through a radio message.<ref>[http://www.thedailystar.net/2005/03/26/index.htm ''The Daily Star'', 26 March 2005] Article not specified</ref> After he was arrested by Pakistan Army and moved to a jail in [[West Pakistan]], [[M A Hannan]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.virtualbangladesh.com/history/declaration.html |title=Virtual Bangladesh |publisher=Virtual Bangladesh |date=26 March 1971 |accessdate=23 June 2011}}</ref> [[Ziaur Rahman]]<ref name=Shashi>{{cite book|last=Shashi|first=S. S.|title=Encyclopedia Indica: A Grand Tribute to Culture, Art, Architecture, Religion and Development|year=2002|publisher=Anmol Publications|volume=100 |isbn=978-8170418597|page=149}}</ref> broadcast the announcement of the declaration of independence on behalf of [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|Sheikh Mujibur]] on 26 March and 27 March respectively and exhorted the Bengali people to resist the Pakistani state forces.
The senior political leaders of the Awami League congregated at the town of Baidyanathtala, which was mainly a mango grove located in Meherpur, when it was a sub-division of [[Kushtia]]. The area was still one of the few remaining liberated zones along the borders of [[East Pakistan]]. The venue was selected by a 10-man high powered scouting team of the Indian Air Force, Indian Army Artillery, BSF Scouts, and RAW, and East Pakistan Rifles officers, authorised personally by Indira Gandhi. The venue was guarded by a 200 strong detachment of the District Police including District Armed Police, led by the SDPO, and the Ansars/VDP. Perimeter security was established by three Platoons of the EPR and a 100-strong straggling force of local [[Mukti Bahini]] volunteers and retired/on leave Army regular soldiers, commanded by Major [[Abu Osman Chowdhury]]. The Indians had brought 2 Battalions of BSF armed with 3-inch mortars and Heavy Machine Guns and an Army Artillery battery (eight 25 Pounder Guns and counter battery radars) to ringfence the area from any Pakistani intrusion and provide fire support to the EPR and Mukti forces. Outside the Indian perimeter, at Chapra, waited two [[Commando]] Platoons of the Indian Para SF with 4 [[Chetak]] helicopters, and a standing Air Patrol of the [[Indian Air Force]] consisting of six [[Hawker Hunter]]s. Inaugurating the government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh on April 17, the national anthem ''[[Amar Sonar Bangla]]'' was sung in chorus. Although Sheikh Mujib was declared the first [[President of Bangladesh|President]], [[Syed Nazrul Islam]] was appointed [[acting president]] and hoisted the flag of Bangladesh. [[Tajuddin Ahmad]] was appointed the first [[Prime Minister of Bangladesh|prime minister]].
==References==▼
==See also==
{{Bangladesh liberation}}▼
== Footnotes ==
{{reflist}}
▲==References==
* {{cite book |last=Faiquzzaman |first=Mohammad |year=2012 |chapter=Mujibnagar Government |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Mujibnagar_Government |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}
*[http://www.newagebd.com/2005/feb/18/feb18/xtra_also3.html ''New Age'']
* {{cite book |last=Miah |first=Sajahan |year=2012 |chapter=Proclamation of Independence |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Proclamation_of_Independence |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}
*
==External links==
*
*
*
*
▲* [http://www.mujibnagar.com Mujibnagar]
▲* {{citation |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/2004/04/17/d40417150179.htm |title=Significance of Mujibnagar Day |author=Zahid Hossain |date=17 April 2004 |newspaper=The Daily Star |volume=4 |issue=314}}
{{coord|23|
▲{{Bangladesh liberation}}
[[Category:Populated places in
[[Category:Bangladesh Liberation War|Mujibnagar]]
[[Category:Former governments in exile|Mujibnagar]]
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Revision as of 20:37, 15 September 2023
Mujibnagar (Bengali: মুজিবনগর), formerly known as Baidyanathtala (Boiddonathtola) and Bhoborpara, is a town in the Mujibnagar Upazila of Meherpur District in Khulna, Bangladesh.[2] The Provisional Government of Bangladesh was formed on 10 April 1971, however, sworn in on 17 April 1971 in this place by the elected representatives of the Bengalees (mostly belongling to Awami League), that led the Bangladesh Liberation War, who were leading the guerrilla war for the independence of Bangladesh (then East Pakistan) from Pakistan in 1971.[3] The place was renamed Mujibnagar by the proclamation of independence,[4] in honour of then imprisoned Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who had declared Bangladesh independent.[1] The actual capital of the government while in exile was Calcutta. A memorial complex covering 20.10 acres (8.13 ha) has been built at the site where the ministers of that first government took their oaths.
Formation
Following the failure of last-ditch talks on the formation of a government, Pakistani president Yahya Khan ordered the Pakistani Army to launch Operation Searchlight to suppress the nationalist movement. On March 25, 1971 the leader of the Awami League Sheikh Mujibur Rahman signed an official declaration[5] and called upon the people to resist the occupation forces through a radio message.[6] After he was arrested by Pakistan Army and moved to a jail in West Pakistan, M A Hannan,[7] Ziaur Rahman[8] broadcast the announcement of the declaration of independence on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur on 26 March and 27 March respectively and exhorted the Bengali people to resist the Pakistani state forces.
The senior political leaders of the Awami League congregated at the town of Baidyanathtala, which was mainly a mango grove located in Meherpur, when it was a sub-division of Kushtia. The area was still one of the few remaining liberated zones along the borders of East Pakistan. The venue was selected by a 10-man high powered scouting team of the Indian Air Force, Indian Army Artillery, BSF Scouts, and RAW, and East Pakistan Rifles officers, authorised personally by Indira Gandhi. The venue was guarded by a 200 strong detachment of the District Police including District Armed Police, led by the SDPO, and the Ansars/VDP. Perimeter security was established by three Platoons of the EPR and a 100-strong straggling force of local Mukti Bahini volunteers and retired/on leave Army regular soldiers, commanded by Major Abu Osman Chowdhury. The Indians had brought 2 Battalions of BSF armed with 3-inch mortars and Heavy Machine Guns and an Army Artillery battery (eight 25 Pounder Guns and counter battery radars) to ringfence the area from any Pakistani intrusion and provide fire support to the EPR and Mukti forces. Outside the Indian perimeter, at Chapra, waited two Commando Platoons of the Indian Para SF with 4 Chetak helicopters, and a standing Air Patrol of the Indian Air Force consisting of six Hawker Hunters. Inaugurating the government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh on April 17, the national anthem Amar Sonar Bangla was sung in chorus. Although Sheikh Mujib was declared the first President, Syed Nazrul Islam was appointed acting president and hoisted the flag of Bangladesh. Tajuddin Ahmad was appointed the first prime minister.
See also
Footnotes
- ^ a b Mohammad Faiquzzaman (2012), "Mujibnagar Smriti Saudha", in Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal (ed.), Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.), Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
- ^ Md. Abu Hasan Farooque (2012), "Meherpur District", in Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal (ed.), Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.), Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
- ^ Faiquzzaman, Mohammad (2012). "Mujibnagar Government". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ Miah, Sajahan (2012). "Proclamation of Independence". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ J. S. Gupta The History of the Liberation Movement in Bangladesh Page ??
- ^ The Daily Star, 26 March 2005 Article not specified
- ^ "Virtual Bangladesh". Virtual Bangladesh. 26 March 1971. Retrieved 23 June 2011.
- ^ Shashi, S. S. (2002). Encyclopedia Indica: A Grand Tribute to Culture, Art, Architecture, Religion and Development. Vol. 100. Anmol Publications. p. 149. ISBN 978-8170418597.
References
- Mujibnagar
- Faiquzzaman, Mohammad (2012). "Mujibnagar Government". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- New Age
- Miah, Sajahan (2012). "Proclamation of Independence". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- Significance of Mujibnagar