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{{Maya civilization}} |
{{Maya civilization}} |
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'''Maya mythology''' is part of [[Mesoamerica]]n mythology and comprises all of the Maya tales in which personified forces of nature, deities, and the heroes interacting with these play the main roles. Other parts of Maya oral tradition (such as animal tales and many moralising stories) do not properly belong to the domain of mythology, but rather to legend and folk tale. |
'''Maya mythology''' is part of [[Mesoamerica]]n mythology and comprises all of the Maya tales in which personified forces of nature, deities, and the heroes interacting with these play the main roles. Other parts of Maya oral tradition (such as animal tales and many moralising stories) do not properly belong to the domain of mythology, but rather to legend and folk tale. |
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==Sources== |
==Sources== |
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The oldest written myths date from the 16th century and are found in historical sources from the Guatemalan Highlands. The most important of these documents is the [[Popol Vuh]] |
The oldest written Maya myths date from the 16th century and are found in historical sources from the [[Guatemalan Highlands]]. The most important of these documents is the [[Popol Vuh]] which contains [[Quichean]] creation stories and some of the adventures of the [[Hero Twins]], Hunahpu and Xbalanque. |
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Yucatán is an equally important region. The Books of [[Chilam Balam]] contain mythological passages of great antiquity, and mythological fragments are found scattered among the early-colonial Spanish chronicles and reports, chief among them [[Diego de Landa]]'s Relación, and in the dictionaries compiled by the early missionaries. |
Yucatán is an equally important region. The Books of [[Chilam Balam]] contain mythological passages of great antiquity, and mythological fragments are found scattered among the early-colonial Spanish chronicles and reports, chief among them [[Diego de Landa]]'s Relación, and in the dictionaries compiled by the early missionaries. |
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In the 19th and 20th centuries, anthropologists and local folklorists |
In the 19th and 20th centuries, anthropologists and local folklorists committed many stories to paper. Even though most Maya tales are the results of an historical process in which Spanish narrative traditions interacted with native ones, some of the tales reach back well into pre-Spanish times. Now, at the beginning of the 21st century, the transmission of traditional tales has entered its final stage. Fortunately, however, this is also a time in which the Mayas themselves have begun to salvage and publish the precious tales of their parents and grandparents.{{cn|date=August 2017}} |
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==Important mythical themes== |
==Important mythical themes== |
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==Bibliography and references== |
==Bibliography and references== |
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* Bierhorst, John, ''The Mythology of Mexico and Central America''. Oxford University Press. 2002. |
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* Bierhorst, John (ed.), ''The Monkey's Haircut and Other Stories Told by the Maya''. New York: William Morrow 1986. |
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* Boremanse, Didier, ''Contes et mythologie des indiens lacandons''. Paris: L'Harmattan. 1986. (Also in Spanish: ''Cuentos y mitología de los lacandones. Tradición oral maya''. Editorial: Academia de Geografia e Historia de Guatemala.) |
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* Braakhuis, H.E.M., ''Xbalanque's Marriage''. Thesis, Leiden University 2010 (online). |
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* Chinchilla Mazariegos, Oswaldo, ''Imágenes de la mitología maya''. Guatemala: Museo Popol Vuh 2011. |
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* Chinchilla Mazariegos, Oswaldo, ''Art and Myth of the Ancient Maya''. Yale UP 2017. |
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* Danien, Elin C., ''Maya Folktales from the Alta Verapaz''. University of Pennsylvania, Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia 2004. |
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* Gossen, Gary, ''Chamulas in the World of the Sun''. |
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* Guiteras Holmes, Calixta, ''Perils of the Soul. The World View of a Tzotzil Indian''. New York: The Free Press of Glencoe. 1961. |
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* Laughlin, Robert, ''Of Cabbages and Kings''. |
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* {{cite book |author=Miller, Mary |authorlink=Mary Miller (art historian) |author2=Simon Martin |year=2004 |title=Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya |location=London |publisher=Thames and Hudson |isbn=0-500-05129-1 |oclc=54799516}} |
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* {{cite book |author=Miller, Mary |authorlink=Mary Miller (art historian) |author2=[[Karl Taube]] |year=1993 |title=The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya: An Illustrated Dictionary of Mesoamerican Religion |publisher=Thames and Hudson |location=London |isbn=0-500-05068-6 |oclc=27667317}} |
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* Nicholson, Irene, ''Mexican and Central American Mythology''. London: Paul Hamlyn. 1967. |
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* Read, Kay Almere, & Jason J. Gonzalez, ''Mesoamerican Mythology. A guide to the gods, heroes, rituals, and beliefs of Mexico and Central America''. Oxford 2002. |
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* Roys, Ralph L., ''The Book of Chilam Balam of Chumayel''. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 1967. |
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* Taube, Karl, ''The Major Gods of Ancient Yucatan''. Dumbarton Oaks 1992. {{cite book|page=|edition=illustrated, reprint|pages=|year=1993|accessdate=May 17, 2014|publisher=University of Texas Press|author=Karl Taube|volume=|quote=|location=|title=Aztec and Maya Myths|series=Legendary Past Series|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r4zYyu6e7eMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=mayan+girls+chinese&hl=en&sa=X&ei=r6miVeSzPIS9ggTXqICYAw&ved=0CE0Q6AEwBjgU#v=onepage&q&f=false|archivedate=|isbn=029278130X}} |
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* {{cite book | author=Tedlock, Dennis (trans.) |year = 2014| title=Popol Vuh: the Definitive Edition of the Mayan Book of the Dawn of Life and the Glories of Gods and Kings. Revised Edition| location= New York | publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=0-671-45241-X }} |
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* {{cite book | author=Thompson, J. Eric S. |authorlink=J. Eric S. Thompson |year=1970 | title=Maya History and Religion |series=Civilization of the American Indian Series, No. 99 |location=Norman | publisher=[[University of Oklahoma Press]] | isbn=0-8061-0884-3 |oclc=177832}} |
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