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{{Short description|Museum of historic clocks and scientific instruments}} |
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{{Wikify|date=April 2009}} |
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{{Infobox museum |
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|caption=The [[Zwinger (Dresden)|Zwinger]] which houses the museum |
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|mapframe-caption=Interactive fullscreen map |
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|mapframe-marker=museum |
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|coordinates={{WikidataCoord|display=it}} |
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|location=[[Dresden]], [[Germany]] |
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The '''Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon''' ({{IPA-de|mateˈmaːtɪʃ fyziˈkaːlɪʃɐ zaˈloːn|lang}}, ''Royal Cabinet of Mathematical and Physical Instruments'') in [[Dresden]], [[Germany]], is a museum of historic clocks and scientific instruments. Its holdings include terrestrial and celestial globes, astronomical, optical and geodetic devices dating back to the 16th century, as well as historic instruments for calculating and drawing length, mass, temperature and air pressure. <ref name="Loeffler" >Fritz Löffler: ''Das alte Dresden – Geschichte seiner Bauten''. 16th ed. Leipzig: Seemann, 2006, {{ISBN|978-3-86502-000-0}} {{in lang|de}}</ref> |
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[[Image:Dresden-Zwinger.courtyard.04.JPG|thumb|Dresdner Zwinger<br>Building of the museum]] |
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The Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon is part of the [[Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden]] (State Art Collections). It is located in the [[Zwinger (Dresden)|Zwinger]]. |
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The '''Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon''' in [[Dresden, Germany]], is a museum of the Staatliche Kunstsammlung Dresden (governmental collection of art Dresden). It accommodates on of the most significant collections of around 2,000 [[clocks]] and fine mechanical instruments. Some of the collection’s highlights are the [[Arabian]] celestial globe of 1279, a calculating machine of around 1650 once belonging to [[Blaise Pascal]] and the orbit clock manufactured in the 1560s by order of the court of Dresden. |
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[[Image:Globusuhr 1586.jpg|thumb|Celestial globe from 1586]] |
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== History of the Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon == |
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[[Image:Dresden-Zwinger-Armoury-Entrance.JPG|thumb|Entrance to the armoury]] |
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The roots of the Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon go back to the 15th century. [[Albrecht der Beherzigte]] (Albrecht the heartily) established the Herzoglische Harnischkammer (ducal armour chamber) at the Duke’s residence in Dresden. Later it turned to be the Kurfürstliche Rüst- und Harnischkammer (electoral munition and armour chamber). It was used for storing the personal, tournament and parade weapons and associated equipment of the court. |
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== Today's presentation == |
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Elector August of Saxony started to purposefully collect objects of art and for a part stored them in the munition and [[armour]] chamber. Already in the 16th century the collection reached a similar volume than the one of the imperial armoury in [[Vienna.]] The elector combined the Kurfürstliche Rüst- und Harnischkammer and the Jagdkammer (hunting chamber) to the Kurfürstliche [[Dresden Armory|Rüstkammer]] (electorial munition chamber). |
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[[Image:Plan Mathem Phys Salon - En.png|thumb|Map of the four exhibition areas]] |
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After a general reconstruction of the Zwinger, the museum has been reopened April 14, 2013. The new exhibition presents about 500 historical scientific instruments. They are shown in four chapters. |
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In 1724 the mathematical and physical instruments were separated from the munition chamber and other collections of the elector and stored in the new founded “Königliches Cabinet der mathematischen und physikalischen Instrumente” (royal cabinet of mathematical and physical instruments). Until 1746 this was the official name of the collection. The collection concentrated on instruments measuring the length, temperature, weight, volume and time. Since 1728 the royal cabinet can be found in the Zwinger. The first residence of the cabinet was the pavilion of the carillon in the Dresden Zwinger. In 1746 the collection was replaced in a part of the building which is today called pavilion F, and stayed there until today. Since that time it is called the Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon. |
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* ''The Cosmos of the Prince'': Mechanical marvels and mathematical instruments from around 1600. |
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* ''The Universe of Globes'': Terrestrial and celestial globes from seven centuries. |
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* ''Instruments of the Enlightenment'': Collection of large telescopes and burning mirrors, the salon in the 18th century. |
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* ''The Course of Time'': Clocks, watches, and automata since the renaissance. |
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<gallery heights=200 mode=packed> |
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File:MPS-Langgalerie.jpg|Mechanical instruments in ''The Cosmos of the Prince'' |
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File:MPS-Globenraum.jpg|Globes in ''The Universe of Globes'' |
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File:MPS-Festsaal.jpg|Telescopes in ''Instruments of the Enlightenment'' |
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File:MPS-Bogengalerie.jpg|Clocks and watches in ''The Course of Time'' |
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</gallery> |
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== References and notes == |
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In 1784 the observatory was founded at the Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon. |
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<references /> |
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Today, the Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon in Dresden is one of the most famous collections of clocks and [[geodetic]] instruments. The museum of sciences was closed at the end of 2006 due to a general reconstruction of the Zwinger. Its reopening is planned for 2009. From May 4, 2007 on a part of the collection is shown in the castle “Moritzburg”. From Mai 16 to September 2, 2007 a special exhibition “Geometrie der Macht” (geometry of power) in the castle of Dresden showed amongst others sun dials, orbit clocks, astrolabes and instruments for encryption. |
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== Library of the Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon == |
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The electoral library (later the regional library of Saxony) was founded in 1556. In connection to the foundation of the Königliches Cabinet der mathematischen und physikalischen Instrumente first of all special scriptures corresponding to the objects of the collection were stored. Additionally, some standard works to the topics of the collection and similar topics were bought. In connection with the foundation of the observatory at the Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon in 1784 the history of astronomy and their corresponding scientific instruments were the main focus for the further improvement of the library. During the mid of the 19th century, purposeful purchase of literature led to a continuous enlargement of the library. Also, for the topics history of time measurement, calculation machines and optical and physical instruments the inventory of literature was enlarged. Additionally, a lot of donations add to the today’s amount of literature. |
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Worldwar II did not stop in front of the collection and the library of the Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon. Many objects and scriptures were sourced out in castles and manors of the Third Reich. Precious prints from the older inventory of the library were lost. After the reconstruction of the Zwinger at the beginning of the 1950s also the library went back to their old residence in Dresden Zwinger. |
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Instantly, the inventory of the library contains 896 monographs from which 25 are from the 17th century. 91 monographs are from the 18th century and 779 from the 19th century. |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commonscat-inline|Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon (Zwinger, Dresden)|Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon}} |
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*[http://www.skd.museum/en/museums-institutions/semperbau-with-zwinger/mathematisch-physikalischer-salon/index.html Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon] - official site |
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*[https://mathematisch-physikalischer-salon.skd.museum/en/ Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon] at [[Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden]] |
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*[https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/mathematisch-physikalischer-salon-royal-cabinet-of-mathematical-and-physical-instruments?hl=en Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon] within [[Google Arts & Culture]] |
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*{{commons category-inline}} |
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{{Watch-Wiki|Mathematisch-Physikalischer_Salon/en}} |
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{{coord|51.0532|N|13.7328|E|source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Horological museums in Germany]] |
[[Category:Horological museums in Germany]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden]] |
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[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1724]] |
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[[Category:Educational organizations established in 1724]] |
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[[cs:Matematicko-fyzikální salon]] |
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[[Category:Museums established in the 18th century]] |
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[[Category:1556 in literature]] |
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[[Category:Educational organizations established in the 1550s]] |
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[[Category:Libraries established in the 16th century]] |
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[[Category:1556 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire]] |
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[[Category:1724 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire]] |
Latest revision as of 10:01, 3 March 2024
Location | Dresden, Germany |
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Coordinates | 51°3′11.5″N 13°43′58.1″E / 51.053194°N 13.732806°E |
The Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon (German: [mateˈmaːtɪʃ fyziˈkaːlɪʃɐ zaˈloːn], Royal Cabinet of Mathematical and Physical Instruments) in Dresden, Germany, is a museum of historic clocks and scientific instruments. Its holdings include terrestrial and celestial globes, astronomical, optical and geodetic devices dating back to the 16th century, as well as historic instruments for calculating and drawing length, mass, temperature and air pressure. [1]
The Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon is part of the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden (State Art Collections). It is located in the Zwinger.
Today's presentation
After a general reconstruction of the Zwinger, the museum has been reopened April 14, 2013. The new exhibition presents about 500 historical scientific instruments. They are shown in four chapters.
- The Cosmos of the Prince: Mechanical marvels and mathematical instruments from around 1600.
- The Universe of Globes: Terrestrial and celestial globes from seven centuries.
- Instruments of the Enlightenment: Collection of large telescopes and burning mirrors, the salon in the 18th century.
- The Course of Time: Clocks, watches, and automata since the renaissance.
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Mechanical instruments in The Cosmos of the Prince
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Globes in The Universe of Globes
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Telescopes in Instruments of the Enlightenment
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Clocks and watches in The Course of Time
References and notes
External links
Media related to Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon at Wikimedia Commons
- Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon at Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden
- Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon within Google Arts & Culture
- Media related to Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon (Zwinger, Dresden) at Wikimedia Commons