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On [[May 28]] [[1918]], the Azerbaijani National Council, headed by Rasulzade, declared an independent [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic|Azerbaijan Republic]]. And even though Rasulzade never held any governmental post in either of the Cabinets of Ministers, as an active member of the [[Parliament]] he remained a kind of ideological leader of the newly-formed state until its collapse in May 1920. Rasulzade was also involved in the establishment of the State University in [[Baku]] in [[1919]]. |
On [[May 28]] [[1918]], the Azerbaijani National Council, headed by Rasulzade, declared an independent [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic|Azerbaijan Republic]]. And even though Rasulzade never held any governmental post in either of the Cabinets of Ministers, as an active member of the [[Parliament]] he remained a kind of ideological leader of the newly-formed state until its collapse in May 1920. Rasulzade was also involved in the establishment of the State University in [[Baku]] in [[1919]]. |
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In August [[1920]], Rasulzade was arrested by the Soviets. It was only due to his earlier support of [[Joseph Stalin]] that Rasulzade was released and taken from [[Baku]]. For the next two years, Rasulzade worked as the press representative at the Commissioner on Nations in [[Moscow]]. He was seconded to [[Finland]] in [[1922]] and he never returned. For the rest of his life, Rasulzade lived as an exile in [[Poland]] ([[1938]]), [[Romania]] (1940) and finally, after [[World War II]], in [[Ankara]] [[Turkey]] in [[1947]]. He died in 1955 and was buried in Esri cemetery in Ankara. |
In August [[1920]], Rasulzade was arrested by the Soviets. It was only due to his earlier support of [[Joseph Stalin]] that Rasulzade was released and taken from [[Baku]]. For the next two years, Rasulzade worked as the press representative at the Commissioner on Nations in [[Moscow]]. He was seconded to [[Finland]] in [[1922]] and he never returned. For the rest of his life, Rasulzade lived as an exile in [[Poland]] ([[1938]]), [[Romania]] (1940) and finally, after [[World War II]], in [[Ankara]] [[Turkey]] in [[1947]]. It was in his exile that Rasulzade admitted in an article that he wrote that Albania (referring to Caucasian Azerbaijan) was different than Azerbaijan (referring to Iranian Azerbaijan) and declared his eagerness to do "whatever is in his power to avoid any further discontent among Iranians".<ref>Atabaki, Touraj Azerbaijan: Ethnicity and the Struggle for Power in Iran, 2nd. edn, London: IB Tauris Publishers , 2000, pages 25-26</ref> He died in 1955 and was buried in Esri cemetery in Ankara. |
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==References== |
==References== |
Revision as of 16:46, 14 January 2007
Mammed Amin Rasulzade (Azerbaijani: Məmmədəmin Rəsulzadə; January 31, 1884, Novkhana, near Baku—March 6, 1955, Ankara) was an Azerbaijani statesman, public figure and one of the founding political leaders of the First Azerbaijan Republic (1918-1920). He was also the first president of a Islamic democratic state. He received his primary education at the Russian-Muslim Secondary School and continued his studies at the Technical College (now Petroleum College) in Baku. From 1903, beginning as a student and continuing onward, Rasulzade began writing articles in various opposition magazines.
During the First Russian Revolution (1905-1907), Rasulzade got his political baptism by fire. At that time, his anti-monarchist platform and his demands for the national autonomy of Azerbaijan, aligned him with Social Democrats and future communists. As the story goes, it was Rasulzade who saved young Joseph Stalin in 1905 in Baku, when police were searching for him as an active instigator of riots.
Even after the First Revolution, Rasulzade continued journalistic activities. His first dramatic play entitled "The Light in the Darkness," was staged in Baku in 1908. In 1909, he left for Iran to participate in the rebellion of Sattar Khan. While in Iran, Rasulzade became one of the founders of "Iran-e No" (New Iran) Democratic Party. In 1911, when Russian troops entered Iran, Rasulzade fled to Istanbul, where his works were published in various journals. He returned to Baku only after the Amnesty Act of 1913, dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the Romanovs Royal Dynasty.
The Chairman of Musavat National Party since 1917, Rasulzade was unanimously elected the Head of the Azerbaijani National Council (Milli Shura) in May 1918, after the dissolution of the Transcaucasian Federation.
On May 28 1918, the Azerbaijani National Council, headed by Rasulzade, declared an independent Azerbaijan Republic. And even though Rasulzade never held any governmental post in either of the Cabinets of Ministers, as an active member of the Parliament he remained a kind of ideological leader of the newly-formed state until its collapse in May 1920. Rasulzade was also involved in the establishment of the State University in Baku in 1919.
In August 1920, Rasulzade was arrested by the Soviets. It was only due to his earlier support of Joseph Stalin that Rasulzade was released and taken from Baku. For the next two years, Rasulzade worked as the press representative at the Commissioner on Nations in Moscow. He was seconded to Finland in 1922 and he never returned. For the rest of his life, Rasulzade lived as an exile in Poland (1938), Romania (1940) and finally, after World War II, in Ankara Turkey in 1947. It was in his exile that Rasulzade admitted in an article that he wrote that Albania (referring to Caucasian Azerbaijan) was different than Azerbaijan (referring to Iranian Azerbaijan) and declared his eagerness to do "whatever is in his power to avoid any further discontent among Iranians".[1] He died in 1955 and was buried in Esri cemetery in Ankara.
References
- ^ Atabaki, Touraj Azerbaijan: Ethnicity and the Struggle for Power in Iran, 2nd. edn, London: IB Tauris Publishers , 2000, pages 25-26