Hajji Piruz (talk | contribs) →Exile: that source was written BEFORE he admitted to making a mistake, not after. therefore, it has no affect on his admitting his mistake in choosing the name Azerbaijan |
Hajji Piruz (talk | contribs) →The Musavat Party: added sources DO NOT TAKE THIS OUT AGAIN! |
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==The Musavat Party== |
==The Musavat Party== |
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After the Amnesty Act of [[1913]], dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the Royal Romanov Dynasty. Rasulzade returned to [[Baku]] and joined the secret Musavat party, established in [[1911]] by his instructions from abroad and quickly became its chief. In [[1915]] he started to publish party's newspaper "[[Açıq Söz]]" (Open word) which lasted till [[1918]]. When [[February Revolution]] happened, Musavat together with other secret political parties in Russian Empire quickly legalized and became a leading party of Caucasian Muslims after it merged with [[Party of Turkish Federalists]] headed by [[Nasibbey Usubbeyli]]. [[October revolution]] in [[1917]] lead to secession of [[Transcaucasia]] from [[Russia]] and Rasulzade became head of Muslim faction in the Seym, parliament of [[Transcaucasian Federation]]. After the dissolution of the [[Transcaucasian Federation]] Muslim faction re-organized into [[Azerbaijani National Councill]] and Rasulzade was elected unanimously the Head of the [[Azerbaijani National Council]](Milli Shura) in May 1918. |
After the Amnesty Act of [[1913]], dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the Royal Romanov Dynasty. Rasulzade returned to [[Baku]] and joined the secret Musavat party, which was pan-Islamist and pan-Turkist<ref>''Pan-Turkism: From Irrendentism to Coopersation'' by Jacob M. Landau P.55</ref><ref>''On the Religious Frontier: Tsarist Russia and Islam in the Caucasus'' by Firouzeh Mostashari P. 144 , established in [[1911]] by his instructions from abroad and quickly became its chief. In [[1915]] he started to publish party's newspaper "[[Açıq Söz]]" (Open word) which lasted till [[1918]]. When [[February Revolution]] happened, Musavat together with other secret political parties in Russian Empire quickly legalized and became a leading party of Caucasian Muslims after it merged with [[Party of Turkish Federalists]] headed by [[Nasibbey Usubbeyli]]. [[October revolution]] in [[1917]] lead to secession of [[Transcaucasia]] from [[Russia]] and Rasulzade became head of Muslim faction in the Seym, parliament of [[Transcaucasian Federation]]. After the dissolution of the [[Transcaucasian Federation]] Muslim faction re-organized into [[Azerbaijani National Councill]] and Rasulzade was elected unanimously the Head of the [[Azerbaijani National Council]](Milli Shura) in May 1918. |
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==Azerbaijan Democratic Republic== |
==Azerbaijan Democratic Republic== |
Revision as of 17:21, 15 January 2007
Mammed Amin Rasulzade (Azerbaijani: Məmmədəmin Rəsulzadə; January 31, 1884, Novkhana, near Baku—March 6, 1955, Ankara) was an Azerbaijani statesman, public figure and one of the founding political leaders of Azerbaijan Republic (1918-1920). He was also the first president of a democratic and secular republic in the Islamic World.
Life
Mammad Amin Rasulzade received his education at the Russian-Muslim Secondary School and then at the Technical College (now Petroleum College) in Baku. In his years of study he created "Muslim Youth Organisation Musavat", first secret organisation in Azerbaijan's contemporary history, and beginning from 1903 Rasulzade began writing articles in various opposition magazines.At that time, his anti-monarchist platform and his demands for the national autonomy of Azerbaijan, aligned him with Social Democrats and future communists. In 1904 he founded the first muslim social-democrat organisation "Hummet" and became editor-in-chief of its newspapers, "Tekamul"(1906-1907) and "Yoldash"(1907). Besides, he published many articles in non-partisan newspapers such as "Hayat", "Irshad" and also "Fuyuzat" journal. During the First Russian Revolution (1905-1907), Rasulzade actively participated in revolutionary developments. As the story goes, it was Rasulzade who saved young Joseph Stalin in 1905 in Baku, when police were searching for the latter as an active instigator of riots.Even after the First Revolution, Rasulzade continued journalistic activities. His first dramatic play entitled "The Lights in the Darkness," was staged in Baku in 1908.
In 1909, persecuted by Russian Administration, Rasulzade left for Iran to participate in the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1911. While in Iran, Rasulzade became one of the founders of the Democratic Party of Iran and began publishing its newspaper called "Iran-e Nou", which was the first modern-type newspaper in Iran's history. In 1911 he also published his book "Saadet-e bashar"(Happiness of mankind) in defense of revolution.
After Russian troops entered Iran in 1911 and put and end to Constitutional Revolution in a cooperation with British and Royal Court of Iran, Rasulzade fled to Istanbul, where he founded journal "Türk yurdu"(Land of turks), where published his famous article "Iranian Turks".[1]
The Musavat Party
After the Amnesty Act of 1913, dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the Royal Romanov Dynasty. Rasulzade returned to Baku and joined the secret Musavat party, which was pan-Islamist and pan-Turkist[2]Cite error: A <ref>
tag is missing the closing </ref>
(see the help page). Other sources, namely the book "Azerbaijani Government" contradicts this, and claims that Rasulzade himself wrote in his article Rabi ishtebe that Azerbaijan was divided between Iran and Russia after taking north of the Araz river deleted the name "Azerbaijan" and called the country Zagafgaziya.[3] He died in 1955 and was buried in Esri cemetery in Ankara.
Major works
- "The Lights in the Darkness"(play)
- "Saadet-e Bashar"
- "Iranian Turks"
- "Caucasian Turks"
- "Sayavush of Our Century"
- "Political Situation in Russia"
- "Azerbaijani Poet Nezami"
- "Azerbaijan Republic: Formation, Past and Present"
- "Azerbaijan Republic"
- etc