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| mission = [[Apollo 11]] |
| mission = [[Apollo 11]] |
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| image = Apollo 11 Lunar Lander - 5927 NASA.jpg |
| image = Apollo 11 Lunar Lander - 5927 NASA.jpg |
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| caption = ''Eagle'' |
| caption = ''Eagle'' at [[Tranquility Base]], July 20, 1969.<br>[[Neil Armstrong]] photographs [[Buzz Aldrin]]. |
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| type = [[Lunar module]] |
| type = [[Lunar module]] |
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| class = [[Apollo Lunar Module]] |
| class = [[Apollo Lunar Module]] |
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| manufacturer = [[Grumman]] |
| manufacturer = [[Grumman]] |
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| construction_number = LM-5 |
| construction_number = LM-5 |
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| launch_mass = {{cvt|33,294.5|lb}}<ref name="LM-weigh"/> |
| launch_mass = {{cvt|33,294.5|lb}}<ref name="LM-weigh">{{cite web|access-date=2020-09-24|title=Selected Mission Weights|url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/Apollo_18-37_Selected_Mission_Weights.htm|website=history.nasa.gov}}</ref> |
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| landing_mass = {{cvt|16,153.2|lb}}<ref name="LM-weigh" |
| landing_mass = {{cvt|16,153.2|lb}}<ref name="LM-weigh"/> |
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| launch_date = July 16, 1969 |
| launch_date = July 16, 1969 |
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| launch_site = [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]] [[LC-39A]] |
| launch_site = [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]] [[LC-39A]] |
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| landing_site = [[Tranquility Base]] |
| landing_site = [[Tranquility Base]] |
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| owners = [[NASA]] |
| owners = [[NASA]] |
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| total_hours = {{time interval|July 16 1969 13:32:00|July 21 1969 23:41:31|show=h|disp=raw}}{{efn|From Earth launch to second CSM undocking.}} |
| total_hours = {{time interval|July 16, 1969 13:32:00|July 21, 1969 23:41:31|show=h|disp=raw}}{{efn|From Earth launch to second CSM undocking.}} |
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| fate = {{unbulleted list |
| fate = {{unbulleted list |
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| '''Ascent stage:''' |
| '''Ascent stage:''' Abandoned in lunar orbit; impact location unknown |
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| '''Descent stage:''' Landed |
| '''Descent stage:''' Landed at [[Tranquility Base]]; still there |
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}} |
}} |
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| succession = [[Apollo Lunar Module]]s |
| succession = [[Apollo Lunar Module]]s |
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{{Apollo11series}} |
{{Apollo11series}} |
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'''Lunar Module ''Eagle''''' ('''LM-5''') is the spacecraft that served as the crewed [[lunar lander]] of [[Apollo 11]], which was the first mission to [[Moon landing|land humans]] on the [[Moon]]. It was named after the [[bald eagle]], which was featured prominently on [[:File:Apollo 11 insignia.png|the mission insignia]]. It flew from Earth to lunar orbit on the [[command module Columbia|command module ''Columbia'']], and then was flown to the Moon on July 20, 1969, by astronaut [[Neil Armstrong]] with navigational assistance from [[Buzz Aldrin]]. ''Eagle''{{'}}s landing created [[Tranquility Base]], named by Armstrong and Aldrin and first announced upon the module's touchdown. |
'''Lunar Module ''Eagle''''' ('''LM-5''') is the spacecraft that served as the crewed [[lunar lander]] of [[Apollo 11]], which was the first mission to [[Moon landing|land humans]] on the [[Moon]]. It was named after the [[bald eagle]], which was featured prominently on [[:File:Apollo 11 insignia.png|the mission insignia]]. It flew from Earth to lunar orbit on the [[command module Columbia|command module ''Columbia'']], and then was flown to the Moon on July 20, 1969, by astronaut [[Neil Armstrong]] with navigational assistance from [[Buzz Aldrin]]. ''Eagle''{{'}}s landing created [[Tranquility Base]], named by Armstrong and Aldrin and first announced upon the module's touchdown. |
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The name of the craft gave rise to the phrase "The Eagle has Landed", the words Armstrong said upon ''Eagle''{{'}}s touchdown.<ref name="Cresswell 2007 p. 427">{{cite book | last=Cresswell | first=J. | title=The Cat's Pyjamas: The Penguin Book of Clichés | publisher=Penguin Books Limited | year=2007 | isbn=978-0-14-102516-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vaB3KEhlUcEC&pg=PT427 | access-date=2021-10-22 | page=427}}</ref> The phrase was used as the title of a bestselling [[The Eagle Has Landed (novel)|1975 book]], set during the Second World War, and the [[The Eagle Has Landed (film)|1976 film adaptation]]. |
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== Flight == |
== Flight == |
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{{main|Apollo 11}} |
{{main|Apollo 11}} |
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''Eagle'' was launched with [[Command module Columbia| |
''Eagle'' was launched with [[Command module Columbia|command module ''Columbia'']] on July 16, 1969, atop a [[Saturn V]] launch vehicle from [[Launch Complex 39A]], and entered Earth orbit 12 minutes later. |
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''Eagle'' entered [[lunar orbit]] on July 19, 1969. On July 20, [[Neil Armstrong]] and [[Buzz Aldrin]] entered into the LM and separated it from [[Command module Columbia|Command module ''Columbia'']]. |
''Eagle'' entered [[lunar orbit]] on July 19, 1969. On July 20, [[Neil Armstrong]] and [[Buzz Aldrin]] entered into the LM and separated it from [[Command module Columbia|Command module ''Columbia'']]. |
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''Eagle'' was landed at 20:17:40 UTC on July 20, 1969 with {{convert|216|lb}} of usable fuel remaining. |
''Eagle'' was landed at 20:17:40 UTC on July 20, 1969, with {{convert|216|lb}} of usable fuel remaining. |
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After the lunar surface operations, Armstrong and Aldrin returned to the Lunar Module ''Eagle'' on July 21, 1969. |
After the lunar surface operations, Armstrong and Aldrin returned to the Lunar Module ''Eagle'' on July 21, 1969. |
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At 17:54:00 UTC, they lifted off in ''Eagle''{{'s}} ascent stage to rejoin [[Michael Collins (astronaut)|Michael Collins]] aboard ''Columbia'' in lunar orbit. |
At 17:54:00 UTC, they lifted off in ''Eagle''{{'s}} ascent stage to rejoin [[Michael Collins (astronaut)|Michael Collins]] aboard ''Columbia'' in lunar orbit. |
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After the crew re-boarded ''Columbia'', the ''Eagle'' was abandoned in lunar orbit. The location of its impact on the Moon's surface during an orbit decay is unknown, and there is evidence that ''Eagle'' may still be in orbit.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://airandspace.si.edu/explore-and-learn/topics/apollo/apollo-program/spacecraft/location/lm.cfm?dom=pscau |title=Location of Apollo Lunar Modules |website=Smithsonian Air and Space Museum |access-date=September 24, 2018 |archive-date=July 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726080107/https://airandspace.si.edu/explore-and-learn/topics/apollo/apollo-program/spacecraft/location/lm.cfm?dom=pscau |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[https://www.discovermagazine.com/technology/new-evidence-suggests-apollo-11s-lunar-ascent-module-could-still-be-orbiting ''Discover'' magazine website, July 2021]</ref> |
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In 2021, some calculations by the physicist James Meador showed that ''Eagle'' could theoretically still be in lunar orbit.<ref>{{cite arXiv <!-- unsupported parameter |url=https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.10088.pdf --> |title=Long-term Orbit Stability of the Apollo 11 "Eagle"Lunar Module Ascent Stage|eprint=2105.10088|last1=Meador|first1=James|year=2021|class=physics.space-ph}}</ref> |
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== Gallery == |
== Gallery == |
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File:Apollo 11 plaque closeup on Moon.jpg|The [[Lunar plaque|plaque]] left on the ladder of ''Eagle''. |
File:Apollo 11 plaque closeup on Moon.jpg|The [[Lunar plaque|plaque]] left on the ladder of ''Eagle''. |
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File:Apollo 11 Mission Image - View of Moon limb and Lunar Module during ascent, Mare Smythii, Earth on horizon (5052125203).jpg|Ascent stage of ''Eagle'' returns to ''Columbia'' on July 21, 1969. |
File:Apollo 11 Mission Image - View of Moon limb and Lunar Module during ascent, Mare Smythii, Earth on horizon (5052125203).jpg|Ascent stage of ''Eagle'' returns to ''Columbia'' on July 21, 1969. |
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File:Apollo 11 50th Anniversary silver dollar reverse.png|Apollo 11 [[Apollo 11 50th Anniversary commemorative coins|50th Anniversary commemorative silver dollar]] depicting ''Eagle'' |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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{{ |
{{Commons category|LM-5}} |
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* [[List of artificial objects on the Moon]] |
* [[List of artificial objects on the Moon]] |
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* [[List of crewed lunar landers]] |
* [[List of crewed lunar landers]] |
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* {{cite book |last1=Benson |first1=Charles D. |last2=Faherty |first2=William B. |title=Moonport: A History of Apollo Launch Facilities and Operations |date=1978 |id=SP-4204 |publisher=NASA |location=Washington, D.C. |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19790003956.pdf |access-date=September 22, 2018 |page=472}} |
* {{cite book |last1=Benson |first1=Charles D. |last2=Faherty |first2=William B. |title=Moonport: A History of Apollo Launch Facilities and Operations |date=1978 |id=SP-4204 |publisher=NASA |location=Washington, D.C. |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19790003956.pdf |access-date=September 22, 2018 |page=472}} |
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* {{cite web |url=https://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/apollo-to-the-moon/online/science/scientific-experiments.cfm |title=Scientific Experiments |website=Smithsonian Air and Space Museum|access-date=September 22, 2018}} |
* {{cite web |url=https://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/apollo-to-the-moon/online/science/scientific-experiments.cfm |title=Scientific Experiments |website=Smithsonian Air and Space Museum |access-date=September 22, 2018 |archive-date=October 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024085033/https://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/apollo-to-the-moon/online/science/scientific-experiments.cfm |url-status=dead }} |
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* {{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/multimedia/lroimages/apollosites.html |title=LRO Sees Apollo Landing Sites |publisher=NASA |access-date=September 25, 2018|date=July 17, 2009}} |
* {{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/multimedia/lroimages/apollosites.html |title=LRO Sees Apollo Landing Sites |publisher=NASA |access-date=September 25, 2018|date=July 17, 2009}} |
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* {{Cite |
* {{Cite arXiv|title=Long-term Orbit Stability of the Apollo 11 "Eagle" Lunar Module Ascent Stage |eprint=2105.10088 |last1=Meador |first1=James |year=2021 <!--|class=physics.space-ph-->|class=physics.space-ph }} |
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* {{cite web |url=http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/a11.step.html |title=One Small Step |date=1995 |editor-last=Jones |editor-first=Eric M. |work=Apollo 11 Lunar Surface Journal |publisher=NASA |access-date=June 13, 2013}} |
* {{cite web |url=http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/a11.step.html |title=One Small Step |date=1995 |editor-last=Jones |editor-first=Eric M. |work=Apollo 11 Lunar Surface Journal |publisher=NASA |access-date=June 13, 2013}} |
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* {{cite web |url=http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/a11.posteva.html |title=Trying to Rest |editor-last=Jones |editor-first=Eric M. |date=1995 |work=Apollo 11 Lunar Surface Journal |publisher=NASA |access-date=June 13, 2013}} |
* {{cite web |url=http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/a11.posteva.html |title=Trying to Rest |editor-last=Jones |editor-first=Eric M. |date=1995 |work=Apollo 11 Lunar Surface Journal |publisher=NASA |access-date=June 13, 2013}} |
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* {{cite web |url=https://airandspace.si.edu/explore-and-learn/topics/apollo/apollo-program/spacecraft/location/lm.cfm?dom=pscau |title=Location of Apollo Lunar Modules |website=Smithsonian Air and Space Museum |access-date=September 24, 2018}} |
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{{Apollo program|state=expanded}} |
{{Apollo program|state=expanded}} |
Revision as of 04:54, 25 February 2024
Eagle | |
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Part of Apollo 11 | |
Type | Lunar module |
Class | Apollo Lunar Module |
Manufacturer | Grumman |
Specifications | |
Launch mass | 33,294.5 lb (15,102.1 kg)[1] |
History | |
Fate |
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Part of a series on |
Apollo 11 |
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Lunar Module Eagle (LM-5) is the spacecraft that served as the crewed lunar lander of Apollo 11, which was the first mission to land humans on the Moon. It was named after the bald eagle, which was featured prominently on the mission insignia. It flew from Earth to lunar orbit on the command module Columbia, and then was flown to the Moon on July 20, 1969, by astronaut Neil Armstrong with navigational assistance from Buzz Aldrin. Eagle's landing created Tranquility Base, named by Armstrong and Aldrin and first announced upon the module's touchdown.
The name of the craft gave rise to the phrase "The Eagle has Landed", the words Armstrong said upon Eagle's touchdown.[2] The phrase was used as the title of a bestselling 1975 book, set during the Second World War, and the 1976 film adaptation.
Flight
Eagle was launched with command module Columbia on July 16, 1969, atop a Saturn V launch vehicle from Launch Complex 39A, and entered Earth orbit 12 minutes later.
Eagle entered lunar orbit on July 19, 1969. On July 20, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin entered into the LM and separated it from Command module Columbia.
Eagle was landed at 20:17:40 UTC on July 20, 1969, with 216 pounds (98 kg) of usable fuel remaining.
After the lunar surface operations, Armstrong and Aldrin returned to the Lunar Module Eagle on July 21, 1969.
At 17:54:00 UTC, they lifted off in Eagle's ascent stage to rejoin Michael Collins aboard Columbia in lunar orbit.
After the crew re-boarded Columbia, the Eagle was abandoned in lunar orbit. The location of its impact on the Moon's surface during an orbit decay is unknown, and there is evidence that Eagle may still be in orbit.[3][4]
Gallery
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Lunar Module Eagle prior to extraction from S-IVB stage on July 16, 1969.
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Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin land the Lunar Module Eagle on the Moon on July 20, 1969.
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The plaque left on the ladder of Eagle.
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Ascent stage of Eagle returns to Columbia on July 21, 1969.
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Apollo 11 50th Anniversary commemorative silver dollar depicting Eagle
See also
Notes
References
- ^ "Selected Mission Weights". history.nasa.gov. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
- ^ Cresswell, J. (2007). The Cat's Pyjamas: The Penguin Book of Clichés. Penguin Books Limited. p. 427. ISBN 978-0-14-102516-2. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
- ^ "Location of Apollo Lunar Modules". Smithsonian Air and Space Museum. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2018.
- ^ Discover magazine website, July 2021
Further reading
- Benson, Charles D.; Faherty, William B. (1978). Moonport: A History of Apollo Launch Facilities and Operations (PDF). Washington, D.C.: NASA. p. 472. SP-4204. Retrieved September 22, 2018.
- "Scientific Experiments". Smithsonian Air and Space Museum. Archived from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved September 22, 2018.
- "LRO Sees Apollo Landing Sites". NASA. July 17, 2009. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
- Meador, James (2021). "Long-term Orbit Stability of the Apollo 11 "Eagle" Lunar Module Ascent Stage". arXiv:2105.10088 [physics.space-ph].
- Jones, Eric M., ed. (1995). "One Small Step". Apollo 11 Lunar Surface Journal. NASA. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
- Jones, Eric M., ed. (1995). "Trying to Rest". Apollo 11 Lunar Surface Journal. NASA. Retrieved June 13, 2013.