→Administrative subdivisions: FIX: 14 ''miskradas'' and ''mistos'' (cities of regional significance) CORRECT: 12 ''miskradas'' (cities) and 2 ''mistos'' (cities of regional significance) |
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{{Infobox Ukrainian oblast |
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{{Short description|Administrative region of Ukraine}} |
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| name = Luhansk Oblast |
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{{About|the Ukrainian oblast|the disputed Russian entity|Luhansk People's Republic}} |
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| Ukrainian_name = Луганська область |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}} |
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| TransliteratedName = Luhans’ka oblast’ |
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{{Infobox settlement |
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| image_flag = Flag of Luhansk Oblast.svg |
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| name = Luhansk Oblast |
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| native_name = Луганська область |
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| native_name_lang = uk |
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| nickname = Eastern gate of Ukraine,<ref>{{Citation | title = Oda | place = [[Ukraine|UA]] | publisher = LG | year = 2007 | url = http://www.oda.lg.ua/oda/documents/official/official_2087.html?template=33 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080805004924/http://www.oda.lg.ua/oda/documents/official/official_2087.html?template=33 | archive-date = 5 August 2008 }}.</ref><ref>{{Citation | title = Umoloda | place = Kyiv, UA | url = https://www.umoloda.kyiv.ua/number/689/219/25032/}}.</ref> dawn of Ukraine,<ref>{{Citation | title = Oda | place = UA | publisher = LG | year = 1930 | url = http://www.oda.lg.ua/oda/documents/official/official_1930.html?template=33 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110524142418/http://www.oda.lg.ua/oda/documents/official/official_1930.html?template=33 | archive-date = 24 May 2011 }}.</ref><ref>{{Citation | title = 70 years | contribution = Territory | orig-year = 1977 | place = UA | publisher = LG | date = 14 March 2008 | contribution-url = http://www.oda.lg.ua/oda/about/depart/media/calendar/70years/territory/2008/03/14/territory_1977.html | access-date = 17 September 2008 | archive-date = 24 May 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110524142423/http://www.oda.lg.ua/oda/about/depart/media/calendar/70years/territory/2008/03/14/territory_1977.html | url-status = dead }}.</ref><ref>{{Citation | title = Calendar | place = UA | publisher = LG | date = 11 April 2008 | contribution = 70 years | contribution-url = http://www.oda.lg.ua/oda/about/depart/media/calendar/70years/news/2008/04/11/news_2401.html | access-date = 17 September 2008 | archive-date = 24 May 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110524142437/http://www.oda.lg.ua/oda/about/depart/media/calendar/70years/news/2008/04/11/news_2401.html | url-status = dead }}.</ref> {{lang|uk|Луганщина}} |
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| longd = 39.02 |
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({{transliteration|uk|Luhanshchyna}}), {{lang|uk|Лугань}} ({{transliteration|uk|Luhan}}) |
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| admin_center = [[Sievierodonetsk]] |
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| settlement_type = [[Oblasts of Ukraine|Oblast]] |
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| established_date = June 3, 1938 |
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| image_skyline = |
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| official_lang = [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]], [[Russian language|Russian]] |
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| image_alt = |
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| nickname = Eastern gate of Ukraine,<ref>{{Citation | title = Oda | place = [[Ukraine|UA]] | publisher = LG | year = 2007 | url = http://www.oda.lg.ua/oda/documents/official/official_2087.html?template=33}}.</ref><ref>{{Citation | title = Umoloda | place = Kiev, UA | url = http://www.umoloda.kiev.ua/number/689/219/25032/}}.</ref> dawn of Ukraine,<ref>{{Citation | title = Oda | place = UA | publisher = LG | year = 1930 | url = http://www.oda.lg.ua/oda/documents/official/official_1930.html?template=33}}.</ref><ref>{{Citation | title = 70 years | contribution = Territory | origyear = 1977 | place = UA | publisher = LG | date = 2008-03-14 | contribution-url = http://www.oda.lg.ua/oda/about/depart/media/calendar/70years/territory/2008/03/14/territory_1977.html}}.</ref><ref>{{Citation | title = Calendar | place = UA | publisher = LG | date = 2008-04-11 | contribution = 70 years | contribution-url = http://www.oda.lg.ua/oda/about/depart/media/calendar/70years/news/2008/04/11/news_2401.html}}.</ref> Luhanshchyna, Luhan' |
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| image_caption = |
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| governor = [[Hennadiy Moskal]]<ref>http://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/31372.html</ref> |
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| image_flag = Flag_of_Luhansk_Oblast.svg |
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| governor_party = non-partisan<ref>http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2014/08/25/7035718/</ref> |
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| flag_alt = Flag_of_Luhansk_Oblast.svg |
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| chairman_party = [[Party of Regions]]<ref name=Prystyuk /> |
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| image_shield = Coat of Arms Luhansk Oblast.svg |
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| council_seats = ? |
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| shield_alt = Coat of arms of Luhansk Oblast |
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| raions = 18 |
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| image_map = Luhansk in Ukraine (claims hatched).svg |
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| city_raions= 14 |
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| mapsize = 275px |
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| cities = 37 |
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| map_alt = |
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| CMTs = 109 |
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| map_caption = |
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| villages = 792 |
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| coordinates = {{coord|48.92|39.02|type:adm1st_region:UA|display=inline,title}} |
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| area_rank= |
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| coor_pinpoint = |
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| area_total_km2= 26684 |
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| coordinates_footnotes = |
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| population_as_of = September 1, 2013<ref name="census09">{{cite web|url=http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/|title= State Statistics Committee of Ukraine|accessdate=September 1, 2013}}</ref> |
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| subdivision_type = Country |
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| population_rank = 7th |
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| subdivision_name = <!--This article is only about the administrative division of Ukraine-->[[Ukraine]]<!--For information on the breakaway state controlling the same territory, see Luhansk People's Republic--> |
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| population = {{decrease}} 2246884 |
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| parts_type = [[List of cities in Ukraine by population|Largest cities]] |
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| postal_code = ? |
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| parts_style = para |
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| PostalCodePrefix = [[List of postal codes#U-Z]] |
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| p1 = |
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| iso_code= [[ISO 3166-2:UA|UA-09]] |
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| established_title = Established |
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| FIPS_code = [[List of FIPS region codes (S-U)#UP: Ukraine|UP14]] |
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| established_date = 3 June 1938 |
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| area_code = [[Area code#Ukraine|+380-64]] |
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| seat_type = [[Administrative centre|Administrative center]] |
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| LicencePlate = BB |
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| seat = [[Luhansk]] (''de jure'')<br>[[Sievierodonetsk]] (''de facto'', 2014–2022) |
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| website = [http://www.loga.gov.ua/ loga.gov.ua]<br />[http://oblrada.lg.ua/ oblrada.lg.ua]}} |
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| leader_party = |
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'''Luhansk Oblast''' ({{lang-uk|Луганська область}}, [[Romanization of Ukrainian|translit.]] ''Luhans’ka oblast’'', {{lang-ru |Луганская область}}, [[Romanization of Russian|translit.]] ''Luganskaya oblast''; also referred to as '''Luhanshchyna''' – {{lang-uk|Луганщина}} is the easternmost [[Administrative divisions of Ukraine|oblast]] (province) of [[Ukraine]]. Its [[capital city|administrative center]] is [[Luhansk]]. The oblast was established in 1938 and bore the name ''Voroshilovgrad Oblast'' (until 1958 and again 1970 to 1990) in honor of [[Kliment Voroshilov]]. |
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| leader_title = [[Governor of Luhansk Oblast|Governor]] |
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| leader_name = [[Artem Lysohor]] |
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| leader_title1 = [[Luhansk Oblast Council|Oblast council]] |
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| leader_name1 = 124 seats |
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| leader_title2 = Chairperson |
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| leader_name2 = |
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| unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> |
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| area_footnotes = |
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| area_total_km2 = 26684 |
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| area_land_km2 = |
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| area_water_km2 = |
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| area_water_percent = |
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| area_rank = |
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| elevation_footnotes = |
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| elevation_m = |
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| population_footnotes =<ref name="ua2022estimate"/> |
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| population_total = {{decrease}} 2102921 |
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| population_rank = [[List of Ukrainian oblasts and territories by population|Ranked 7th]] |
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| population_as_of = 2022 |
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| population_blank1_title = Annual growth |
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| population_blank1 = |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
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| demographics_type1 = Gross Regional Product |
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| demographics1_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Валовии регіональнии продукт|url=https://ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/publicat/kat_u/2023/05/zb_vrp_2021.xlsx}}</ref> |
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|demographics1_title1 = Total |
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|demographics1_info1 = ₴ 52 billion<br />(€1.351 billion) |
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| demographics1_title2 = Per capita |
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|demographics1_info2 = ₴ 24,684<br />(€639) |
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| blank_name_sec1 = [[Raions of Ukraine|Raion]]s |
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| blank_info_sec1 = 18 |
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| blank1_name_sec1 = [[List of cities in Ukraine by subdivision#Luhansk Oblast|Cities]] (total) |
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| blank1_info_sec1 = 37 |
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| blank2_name_sec1 = • [[City of regional significance (Ukraine)|Regional cities]] |
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| blank2_info_sec1 = 14 |
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| blank3_name_sec1 = [[List of urban-type settlements in Ukraine by subdivision#Luhansk Oblast|{{nowrap|Urban-type settlements}}]] |
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| blank3_info_sec1 = 109 |
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| blank4_name_sec1 = Villages |
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| blank4_info_sec1 = 792 |
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| timezone1 = [[Eastern European Time|EET]] |
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| utc_offset1 = +2 |
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| timezone1_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]] |
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| utc_offset1_DST = +3 |
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| postal_code_type = [[Ukrainian postal codes|Postal code]] |
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| postal_code = 91–94 |
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| area_code_type = [[Area code#Ukraine|Area code]] |
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| area_code = [[Area code#Ukraine|+380-64]] |
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| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:UA|UA-09]] |
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| registration_plate_type = [[Vehicle registration plates of Ukraine|Vehicle registration]] |
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| registration_plate = BB |
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| blank_name_sec2 = [[FIPS 10-4]] |
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| blank_info_sec2 = [[List of FIPS region codes (S-U)#UP: Ukraine|UP14]] |
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| website = [http://loga.gov.ua/ loga.gov.ua] |
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| footnotes = |
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}} |
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'''Luhansk Oblast''' ({{lang-uk|Луганська область|translit=Luhanska oblast}}; {{lang-ru|Луганская область|Luganskaya oblast}}), also referred to as '''Luhanshchyna''' ({{lang-uk|Луганщина|label=none}}), is the easternmost [[Administrative divisions of Ukraine|oblast]] (province) of [[Ukraine]]. Its administrative center is the city of [[Luhansk]]. The oblast was established in 1938 and bore the name ''Voroshilovgrad Oblast'' until 1958 and again from 1970 to 1991.<ref>[http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/aws/show/1213а-12 Про внесення змін і доповнень до Конституції (Основного Закону) Української РСР | від 19.06.1991 № 1213а-XII]{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It has a population of {{Ua-pop-est2022|2,102,921|.}} |
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Important cities within the oblast include: [[Alchevsk]], [[Antratsyt]], [[Brianka]], [[Kirovsk, Ukraine|Kirovsk]], [[Krasnyi Luch]], [[Krasnodon]], [[Lysychansk]], [[Luhansk]], [[Pervomaisk, Luhansk Oblast|Pervomaisk]], [[Rovenky]], [[Rubizhne]], [[Sverdlovsk, Ukraine|Sverdlovsk]], [[Sievierodonetsk]], [[Stakhanov, Ukraine|Stakhanov]]. |
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Important cities in Luhansk Oblast include [[Alchevsk]], [[Antratsyt]], [[Brianka]], [[Kadiivka]], [[Kirovsk, Luhansk Oblast|Kirovsk]], [[Krasnodon]], [[Khrustalnyi]], Luhansk, [[Lysychansk]], [[Pervomaisk, Luhansk Oblast|Pervomaisk]], [[Rovenky]], [[Rubizhne]], [[Sievierodonetsk]] and [[Sverdlovsk, Ukraine|Sverdlovsk]]. All of the oblast is in the [[Donbas]] region. |
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Due to the [[War in Donbass]] the administrative center of the oblast was relocated to [[Sievierodonetsk]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/31372.html|publisher=President of Ukraine, official website|title=In Severodonetsk, Petro Poroshenko presented Luhansk RSA Head Hennadiy Moskal}}</ref> |
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In 2014, large parts of the oblast, including the capital Luhansk, came under the control of Russian-backed separatists who declared the [[Luhansk People's Republic]], leading to a [[War in Donbas (2014–2022)|war against Ukrainian government forces]]. Since the 2022 [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], the oblast has come almost entirely under Russian occupation and has been the scene of [[Luhansk Oblast campaign|heavy fighting]], which continues in some places. In late September 2022, Russia declared the [[Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts|annexation of the entire oblast, along with three others]], though the annexation remains internationally unrecognized. As of May 2024, Ukraine is in control of 6–7% of the region, including a few settlements, such as [[Zolotarivka, Luhansk Oblast|Zolotarivka]], [[Chervonopopivka]], and [[Makiivka, Luhansk Oblast|Makiivka]]. These areas continue to see active conflict.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lowe |first=Yohannes |last2=Bayer |first2=Lili |last3=Lowe (now) |first3=Yohannes |last4=Bayer (earlier) |first4=Lili |date=2024-05-20 |title=Russia-Ukraine war live: Ukraine still controls 60% of Vovchansk, says local official |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2024/may/20/russia-ukraine-war-live-russian-attack-kharkiv-lakeside-resort |access-date=2024-05-20 |work=the Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Russia-Ukraine war live: Ukrainian forces reportedly take control of Piatykhatky – as it happened |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2023/jun/18/russia-ukraine-war-live-ukraine-destroys-russian-ammunition-depot-in-kherson-says-odesa-official |access-date=18 June 2023 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=18 June 2023 }}</ref> |
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==Geography== |
==Geography== |
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[[File:Lugansk province physical map.svg |
[[File:Lugansk province physical map.svg|thumb|left|upright|A topographic map of the oblast]] |
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Luhansk Oblast is located in eastern Ukraine. The area of the oblast (26,700 km²), comprises about 4.42% of the total area of the country. |
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Luhansk Oblast is in far [[eastern Ukraine]]. Its north–south length is 250 km, and east–west width 190 km. It covers an area of 26,700 km<sup>2</sup>, 4.42% of the total area of Ukraine. |
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Its longitude from north to south is 250 km, from east to west – 190 km. The oblast has the longest segment of the Ukrainian international border with Russia among other regions (see [[State Border of Ukraine]]) consisting of {{convert |746|km|mi|abbr=on}}. It borders the [[Belgorod Oblast|Belgorod]] and [[Voronezh Oblast]]s of [[Russia]] on the north, while the [[Rostov Oblast]] is located to the east and the south. Among Ukrainian regions, the oblast borders the [[Kharkiv Oblast|Kharkiv]] and [[Donetsk Oblast]]s to its west. |
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The oblast has the longest segment of Ukraine's international border with Russia among other regions (''see [[State Border of Ukraine]]''), consisting of {{convert |746|km|mi|abbr=on}}. The abutting Russian oblasts are [[Belgorod Oblast]] to the north, [[Voronezh Oblast]] to the northeast, [[Rostov Oblast]] to the east. Abutting Ukrainian oblasts are [[Kharkiv Oblast]] to the west, and [[Donetsk Oblast]] to the south. |
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The region is located in the valley of [[Siversky Donets]] which splits the region approximately in half. The southern portion of the region is elevated by the Donetsk Ridge which is located closer to the southern border. The highest point is [[Mohyla Mechetna]] ({{convert|367|m|ft|abbr=on}}) which is the highest point of Donetsk Ridge. |
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The left bank of Siversky Donets is part of the Starobilsk Plain |
The region is located in the valley of the [[Donets|Siversky Donets]] river, which flows west to east through the oblast and splits it approximately in half. The southern portion of the region is elevated by the Donetsk Ridge, which is close to the southern border. The highest point is [[Mohyla Mechetna]] ({{convert|367|m|ft|abbr=on}}), the highest point of Donetsk Ridge. The left bank of the Siversky Donets is part of the Starobilsk Plain. To the north this transforms into the [[Central Russian Upland]]. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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{{recentism|date=January 2023}} |
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{{see also|Wild Fields|Sloboda Ukraine|Slavo-Serbia|Yekaterinoslav Governorate|Donetsk Oblast}} |
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The territory was formerly part of the [[Wild Fields]], and former administrative units in the territory of the current oblast included [[Sloboda Ukraine]], [[Slavo-Serbia]], [[Yekaterinoslav Governorate]], [[Donets Governorate]] and [[Donetsk Oblast]]. |
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The oblast was created in 1938 as Voroshylovhrad (Voroshilovgrad) Oblast after the Donetsk Oblast was split between Voroshylovhrad and Stalino (today [[Donetsk Oblast]]) oblasts. After the invasion of [[Nazi Germany]], the region was under a German military administration, due to its proximity to frontlines. |
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=== Soviet Ukraine (1938–1991) === |
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[[File:Don Cossacks monument Luhansk.JPG|thumb|180px|A monument to [[Don Cossacks]] in Luhansk. "To the sons of glory and freedom"]] |
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{{See also|Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic}}[[File:Don Cossacks monument Luhansk.JPG|thumb|A monument to [[Don Cossacks]] in Luhansk. "To the sons of glory and freedom", 2012]] |
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During the Soviet times the Oblast carried its current name between 1958 and 1970. |
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The oblast originated in 1938 as Voroshylovhrad (Russian: Voroshilovgrad) Oblast ({{Lang-uk|Ворошиловградська область|translit=Voroshylovhradska oblast}}) after the Donetsk Oblast was split between Voroshylovhrad and Stalino (today [[Donetsk Oblast]]) oblasts. Following the [[Soviet invasion of Poland]], [[Starobilsk]] was the location of a prisoner of war camp for Poles, who were then massacred in the [[Katyn massacre]] in 1940. After the invasion by [[Nazi Germany]] in 1941, the region came under a German military administration, due to its proximity to frontlines. It was occupied at the end of 1942 as part of [[Case Blue]] German offensive directed towards [[Volgograd|Stalingrad]]. |
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On April 8, 2014, following the [[2014 Crimean Crisis]], pro-Russian separatists occupying the Luhansk Oblast administrative building planned to declare independence as the Luhansk Parliamentary Republic, after other pro-Russian separatists declared [[Donetsk People's Republic]] in the [[Donetsk Oblast]]. As the Luhansk Parliamentary Republic ceased to exist, the separatists declared the [[Luhansk People's Republic]] and staged a [[Donetsk and Luhansk status referendums, 2014|referendum]] on separating from Ukraine on May 11, 2014. The legitimacy of the referendums was not recognized by any government.<ref name="Referendum on joining Russia">{{cite web|title=Ukraine's Eastern Region Of Luhansk May Now Hold Referendum On Joining Russia |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/ukraines-luhansk-may-now-hold-referendum-on-joining-russia-2014-5|work=Business Insider|accessdate=12 May 2014}}</ref> Ukraine does not recognize the referendum, while the EU and US said the polls were illegal.<ref>BBC News 12 May 2014</ref> Subsequently, the [[War in Donbass]] started. |
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Soon after the [[battle of Stalingrad]], the Luhansk (at that time Voroshilovgrad in honor of [[Kliment Voroshilov]]) region again became the center of military operations during the Soviet counter-offensive [[operation Little Saturn]] in the spring of 1943. In the summer of 1943, the region was liberated from the Nazi Germany Armed Forces. During the Soviet era, the Oblast bore its current name between 1958 and 1970. |
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As a result of the [[War in Donbass]] Luhansk insurgents control the southern 1/3 of the oblast which includes the city of [[Luhansk]], the region's most populous city as well as the capital of the oblast. Due to this most government functions have been moved to [[Severodonetsk]] which was recaptured by the Government of Ukraine in July 2014. Many universities located in the occupied areas have moved to government controlled cities such as [[Severodonetsk]], [[Starobelsk]] or [[Rubizhne]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/31372.html|publisher=President of Ukraine|title=http://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/31372.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.luganskukraine.info/lugansk-university.aspx|publisher=Lughansk Ukraine Info}}</ref> |
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In the December [[1991 Ukrainian independence referendum|1991 referendum]], 83.86% of votes in the oblast were in favor of the [[Declaration of Independence of Ukraine]]. |
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==Administrative subdivisions== |
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[[File:Luhansk Oblast Map.jpg|150px|right|Map of the administrative subdivisions of the Luhansk Oblast.]] |
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=== Independent Ukraine (1991–2014) === |
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Like the rest of the provinces in [[Ukraine]], Luhansk Oblast has double jurisdiction. The oblast is predominantly administrated by the Luhansk Oblast State Administration headed by the [[Chief of Local State Administration (Ukraine)|governor of the oblast]] and appointed by the [[President of Ukraine]]. The province also has a representative body, the provincial council, which is headed by its chairman and elected by popular vote. |
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==== Pro-Russian insurgency (2014–2022) ==== |
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The province is primarily divided into 18 ''raions'' (districts), 12 ''miskradas'' (cities) and 2 ''mistos'' (cities of regional significance), including the provincial administrative center [[Luhansk]]. These are listed below with their areas and populations.<ref>State Statistics Committee of Ukraine, Kiev.</ref> |
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{{See also|Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine}} |
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On 8 April 2014, following the [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|annexation of Crimea by Russia]], pro-Russian separatists occupying the Luhansk Oblast administrative building planned to declare the independence of the region as the Luhansk Parliamentary Republic,{{Clarify|reason=It's unclear whether this "Luhansk Parliamentary Republic" was a theoretical project ("planned") or instead briefly existed before being abolished.|date=July 2022}} after other pro-Russian separatists declared [[Donetsk People's Republic]] in the Donetsk Oblast (7 April 2014). When the Luhansk Parliamentary Republic ceased to exist, the separatists declared the [[Luhansk People's Republic]] on 27 April 2014. They held a [[2014 Donbas status referendums|disputed referendum]] on separating from Ukraine on 11 May 2014. The legitimacy of the referendums was not recognized by any government.<ref name="Referendum on joining Russia">{{cite web|title= Ukraine's Eastern Region Of Luhansk May Now Hold Referendum On Joining Russia |url= http://www.businessinsider.com/ukraines-luhansk-may-now-hold-referendum-on-joining-russia-2014-5|work=Business Insider|access-date=12 May 2014}}</ref> Ukraine does not recognize the referendum, while the EU and US said the polls were illegal and fraudulent.<ref>BBC News 12 May 2014</ref> Subsequently, the [[War in Donbas (2014–2022)|war in Donbas]] began. |
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As a result of the war in Donbas, Luhansk insurgents control the southern third of the oblast, which includes the city of [[Luhansk]], the region's most populous city and the capital of the oblast. Due to this, most oblast government functions have moved to [[Sievierodonetsk]], which forces of the Government of Ukraine recaptured in July 2014. Many universities located in the occupied areas have moved to government-controlled cities such as Sievierodonetsk, [[Starobilsk]] or [[Rubizhne]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/31372.html |title=In Severodonetsk, Petro Poroshenko presented Luhansk RSA Head Hennadiy Moskal – Official web-site of President of Ukraine |access-date=21 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318021609/http://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/31372.html |archive-date=18 March 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.luganskukraine.info/lugansk-university.aspx|title=Lugansk University. Location, phone, address, contacts.|work=luganskukraine.info|access-date=16 October 2014|archive-date=7 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807111428/http://www.luganskukraine.info/lugansk-university.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> A survey conducted in December 2014 by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology found that 5.7% of the oblast's population supported their region joining Russia, 84.1% did not support the idea, and the rest were undecided or did not respond. Insurgent-controlled areas were not polled.<ref name=DT150103>{{cite news |url= http://dt.ua/UKRAINE/lishe-3-ukrayinciv-hochut-priyednannya-yih-oblasti-do-rosiyi-160641_.html |script-title=uk:Лише 3% українців хочуть приєднання їх області до Росії |language= uk |trans-title= Only 3% of Ukrainians want their region to become part of Russia |work= [[Dzerkalo Tyzhnia]] |date= 3 January 2015 }}</ref> |
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The province's secondary division consists of various municipalities that are governed by their councils. Those municipalities may consist of one or more populated places. All are administratively subordinate to the raion in which they are located. In addition, the city of Luhansk is subdivided into its own four city-districts (boroughs). |
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==== Russian occupation (2022–present) ==== |
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{| class="sortable wikitable" |
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{{Expand section|date=July 2022}} |
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{{Further information|Battle of Donbas (2022)|Luhansk Oblast campaign}} |
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! English Name || Local Name || Type || Area <br>(km<sup>2</sup>) || Population<br>Census 2001 || Population<br>Estimate<br>1 Jan 2012 || Capital |
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During the 2022 [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], Russian ground forces entered the occupied territory of Luhansk Oblast by crossing the Russian border on 22 February 2022. They invaded government-controlled territory across the line of contact and the Russian border on 24 February. As of 26 May 2022 they had occupied all but 5% of the region.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2022 |title=Russian forces have 'upper hand' in Donbas fighting, Ukrainian officials say |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/may/26/ukraine-burying-civilians-mass-graves-russia-advances |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> |
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| [[Alchevsk]] || Алчевськ (місто) || city of regional significance ||align="right"| 49 ||align="right"| 119,193 ||align="right"| 112,071 || Alchevsk |
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During the mid-2022 [[Battle of Donbas (2022)|battle of Donbas]], Russian troops attacked and eventually captured the cities of [[Sievierodonetsk|Sieverodonetsk]] and [[Lysychansk]] during May and June 2022 in two of the most significant and most intense battles of the [[Eastern Ukraine offensive]]. By 3 July 2022, Russian and allied troops controlled all cities in the oblast.{{cn|date=September 2023}} On 4–5 July 2022, during the international [[Ukraine Recovery Conference]] (URC 2022) in [[Lugano]], Finland, [[Sweden–Ukraine relations|Sweden]], and the Czech Republic pledged to support the postwar rebuilding of the Luhansk region.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Провідні країни Європи відбудовуватимуть Україну, – Гайдай |url=https://lb.ua/economics/2022/07/05/522198_providni_kraini_ievropi.html |access-date=2022-07-11 |website=LB.ua|date=5 July 2022 }}</ref> On 11 September 2022, there were unconfirmed reports that [[Bilohorivka, Luhansk Oblast|Bilohorivka]] near Lysychansk, was recaptured. On 19 September 2022, [[Ukrainian Armed Forces|Ukrainian forces]] confirmed this.{{cn|date=September 2023}} |
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| [[Antratsit]] || Антрацит (Міськрада) || city ||align="right"| 61 ||align="right"| 90,835 ||align="right"| 78,482 || Antratsit |
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In late September 2022 an [[2022 annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine|annexation referendum]] was held in Luhansk on joining the Russian Federation, although Ukraine along with the United Nations and most observers declared the referendum to be illegitimate and fraudulent.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 September 2022 |title=So-called referenda in Russian-controlled Ukraine 'cannot be regarded as legal': UN political affairs chief |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/09/1128161}}</ref> Following the staged victory in the voting, the region and the so-called Luhansk People's Republic [[Annexation of Southern and Eastern Ukraine|were absorbed]] into Russia.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Trevelyan |first1=Mark |date=30 September 2022 |title=Putin signs treaties to annex Ukrainian lands |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/putin-declare-annexation-ukrainian-lands-major-escalation-war-2022-09-29/ |access-date=2022-09-30}}</ref> The [[United Nations General Assembly]] subsequently passed a [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/4|resolution]] calling on countries not to recognise what it described as an "attempted illegal annexation" and demanded that Russia "immediately, completely and unconditionally withdraw".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraine: UN General Assembly demands Russia reverse course on 'attempted illegal annexation' |date=12 October 2022 |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/10/1129492}}</ref> |
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| [[Antratsyt Raion|Antratsitivsky]] || Антрацитівський (район) || raion ||align="right"| 1,662 ||align="right"| 36,971 ||align="right"| 31,454 || Antratsit |
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{{As of|2022|10|05}}, nearly all of the oblast is occupied by Russia, which claims the oblast as the [[Luhansk People's Republic]] (LPR), a self-declared state turned Russian federal subject. The [[War in Donbas (2014–2022)|war in Donbas]] and the subsequent 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine saw heavy fighting in the oblast, with [[Battle of Sievierodonetsk (2022)|Sievierodonetsk captured in June]] by Russian and LPR forces<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-forces-ordered-withdraw-key-battleground-city-2022-06-25/ |title=Sievierodonetsk falls to Russia after one of war's bloodiest fights|first1=Tom|last1=Balmforth|first2=Marko|last2=Djurica|work=Reuters|date=25 June 2022|access-date=25 June 2022}}</ref> after an assault lasting several weeks,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukrainian troops told to leave Severodonetsk: governor |url=https://polskieradio.pl/art9766_2986846 |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=PolskieRadio.pl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Ukrainians Retreat From Key Areas Of Eastern Region As Fighting Enters Fifth Month |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/ukrainians-leave-severodonetsk-fighting-luhansk/31913067.html |access-date=2022-06-24 |newspaper=Radiofreeeurope/Radioliberty |language=en}}</ref> and the oblast's last major settlement under Ukrainian control, Lysychansk, captured by Russian and Russia-backed forces on 2 July.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Institute for the Study of War |url=http://dev-isw.bivings.com/ |access-date=2022-07-03 |website=Institute for the Study of War |language=en |archive-date=25 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325065358/https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-march-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The next day, [[Ministry of Defence (Russia)|Russia's Minister of Defence]] announced that the entire territory of the oblast had been "liberated",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/zelenskiy-adviser-concedes-key-bastion-could-fall-eastern-ukraine-2022-07-03/ |title=Zelenskiy vows to regain Lysychansk after Ukrainian withdrawal|first1=Tom|last1=Balmforth|first2=Max|last2=Hunder|work=[[Reuters]]|date=3 July 2022 |access-date=2022-07-04}}</ref> but three weeks later the governor of the oblast reported heavy fighting was still ongoing.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roshchina |first=Olena |date=25 July 2022 |title=Russian forces attempt to advance to Luhansk Oblasts administrative borders from 3 directions but retreated |url=https://news.yahoo.com/russian-forces-attempt-advance-luhansk-052633642.html |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=news.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}</ref> On 4 September, Ukrainian forces launched a [[2022 Ukrainian Kharkiv counteroffensive|counteroffensive in eastern Ukraine]] and recaptured small parts of [[Donetsk Oblast]] and, on 1 October, [[Second Battle of Lyman (2022)|Lyman]]. Ukrainian forces also pushed through the stalemate at the Luhansk Oblast border and, most notably, recaptured Bilohirivka while engaging LPR forces in Lysychansk. Since then, there has been continued fighting in the western parts of the region in a renewed [[Luhansk Oblast campaign]].{{cn|date=September 2023}} |
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| [[Bilokurakyne Raion|Bilokurakynsky]] || Білокуракинський (район) || raion ||align="right"| 1,436 ||align="right"| 23,807 ||align="right"| 19,858 || Bilokurakyne |
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==Administrative subdivisions== |
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| [[Bilovodsk Raion|Bilovodsky]] || Біловодський (район) || raion ||align="right"| 1,597 ||align="right"| 27,559 ||align="right"| 24,459 || Bilovodsk |
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{{update section|date=April 2023}} |
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{{main|Administrative divisions of Luhansk Oblast}} |
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| [[Brianka]] || Брянка (Міськрада) || city ||align="right"| 64 ||align="right"| 61,357 ||align="right"| 54,085 || Brianca |
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{|class=wikitable |
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!Map!!No.!!Name in English!!Name in Ukrainian!!Romanization!!{{abbr|Admin. centre|Administrative centre}} |
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|rowspan=8 align=left|'''<div style="position: relative;">[[File:Lugansk Oblast location map.svg|350px]]{{Image label|x=0.235|y=0.295|text=[[Svatove Raion|1]]}}{{Image label|x=0.545|y=0.440|text=[[Starobilsk Raion|2]]}}{{Image label|x=0.225|y=0.635|text=[[Sievierodonetsk Raion|3]]}}{{Image label|x=0.510|y=0.665|text=[[Shchastia Raion|4]]}}{{Image label|x=0.335|y=0.865|text=[[Alchevsk Raion|5]]}}{{Image label|x=0.535|y=0.920|text=[[Luhansk Raion|6]]}}{{Image label|x=0.450|y=1.075|text=[[Rovenky Raion|7]]}}{{Image label|x=0.655|y=1.075|text=[[Dovzhansk Raion|8]]}}</div>''' |
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| [[Kirovsk]] || Кіровськ (Міськрада) || city ||align="right"| 35 ||align="right"| 45,012 ||align="right"| 36,708 || Kirovsk |
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|1||[[Svatove Raion]]||{{lang|uk|Сватівський район}}||Svativskyi raion||[[Svatove]] |
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|2||[[Starobilsk Raion]]||{{lang|uk|Старобільський район}}||Starobilskyi raion||[[Starobilsk]] |
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| [[Krasnodon]] || Краснодон (Міськрада) || city ||align="right"| 77 ||align="right"| 118,168 ||align="right"| 104,640 || Krasnodon |
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|3||[[Sievierodonetsk Raion]]||{{lang|uk|Сєвєродонецький район}}||Sievierodonetskyi raion||[[Sievierodonetsk]] |
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| [[Krasnodon Raion|Krasnodonsky]] || Краснодонський (район) || raion ||align="right"| 1,386 ||align="right"| 32,846 ||align="right"| 29,983 || Krasnodon |
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|4||[[Shchastia Raion]]||{{lang|uk|Щастинський район}}||Shchastynskyi raion||{{unbulleted list|[[Shchastia]] (''de jure'')|[[Novoaidar]] (''de facto'')}} |
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| [[Krasnyi Luch]] || Красний Луч (Міськрада) || city ||align="right"| 154 ||align="right"| 145,129 ||align="right"| 125,166 || Krasnyi Luch |
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|5||[[Alchevsk Raion]]||{{lang|uk|Алчевський район}}||Alchevskyi raion||[[Alchevsk]] |
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| [[Kreminna Raion|Kreminsky]] || Кремінський (район) || raion ||align="right"| 1,627 ||align="right"| 51,927 ||align="right"| 42,357 || Kreminna |
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|6||[[Luhansk Raion]]||{{lang|uk|Луганський район}}||Luhanskyi raion||[[Luhansk]] |
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| [[Luhansk]] || Луганськ (Міськрада) || city ||align="right"| 286 ||align="right"| 503,248 ||align="right"| 466,627 || Luhansk |
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|7||[[Rovenky Raion]]||{{lang|uk|Ровеньківський район}}||Rovenkivskyi raion||[[Rovenky]] |
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| [[Lutuhyne Raion|Lutuhynsky]] || Лутугинський (район) || raion ||align="right"| 1,057 ||align="right"| 73,914 ||align="right"| 67,977 || Lutuhyne |
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|8||[[Dovzhansk Raion]]||{{lang|uk|Довжанський район}}||Dovzhanskyi raion||[[Sverdlovsk, Luhansk Oblast|Dovzhansk]] (Sverdlovsk) |
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| [[Lysychansk]] || Лисичанськ (Міськрада) || city ||align="right"| 96 ||align="right"| 133,258 ||align="right"| 120,785 || Lysychansk |
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| [[Markivka Raion|Markivsky]] || Марківський (район) || raion ||align="right"| 1,166 ||align="right"| 19,002 ||align="right"| 15,991 || Markivka |
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| [[Milove Raion|Milovsky]] || Міловський (район)|| raion ||align="right"| 971 ||align="right"| 17,415 ||align="right"| 15,696 || Milove |
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| [[Novoaidar Raion|Novoaidarsky]] || Новоайдарський (район) || raion ||align="right"| 1,536 ||align="right"| 28,451 ||align="right"| 25,618 || Novoaidar |
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| [[Novopskov Raion|Novopskovsky]] || Новопсковський (район) || raion ||align="right"| 1,623 ||align="right"| 38,322 ||align="right"| 35,271 || Novopskov |
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| [[Perevalsk Raion|Perevalsky]] || Перевальський (район) || raion ||align="right"| 807 ||align="right"| 87,383 ||align="right"| 72,387 || Perevalsk |
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| [[Pervomaisk, Luhansk Oblast|Pervomaisk]] || Первомайськ (Міськрада) || city ||align="right"| 89 ||align="right"| 80,622 ||align="right"| 70,581 || Pervomaisk |
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| [[Popasna Raion|Popasniansky]] || Попаснянський (район) || raion ||align="right"| 1,325 ||align="right"| 50,559 ||align="right"| 41,232 || Popasna |
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| [[Rovenky]] || Ровеньки (Міськрада) || city ||align="right"| 217 ||align="right"| 91,712 ||align="right"| 84,366 || Rovenky |
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| [[Rubizhne]] || Рубіжне (місто) || city of regional significance ||align="right"| 34 ||align="right"| 65,322 ||align="right"| 60,750 || Rubizhne |
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| [[Sieverodonetsk]] || Северодонецьк (Міськрада) || city ||align="right"| 58 ||align="right"| 129,752 ||align="right"| 120,264 || Sieverodonetsk |
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| [[Slovianoserbsk Raion|Slovianoserbsky]] (raion) || Слов'яносербський (район)|| raion ||align="right"| 1,113 ||align="right"| 62,125 ||align="right"| 55,462 || Slovianoserbsk |
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| [[Stakhanov]] || Стаханов (Міськрада) || city ||align="right"| 92 ||align="right"| 108,266 ||align="right"| 92,818 || Stakhanov |
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| [[Stanytsia-Luhanska Raion|Stanychno-Luhansy]] || Станично-Луганський (район) || raion ||align="right"| 1,896 ||align="right"| 52,762 ||align="right"| 49,732 || Stanychno-Luhanske |
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| [[Starobilsk Raion|Starobilsky]] || Старобільський (район) || raion ||align="right"| 1,582 ||align="right"| 57,755 ||align="right"| 47,765 || Starobilsk |
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| [[Svatove Raion|Svativsky]] || Сватівський (район) || raion ||align="right"| 1,739 ||align="right"| 43,069 ||align="right"| 37,652 || Svatove |
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| [[Sverdlovsk, Ukraine|Sverdlovsk]] || Свердловськ (Міськрада) || city ||align="right"| 84 ||align="right"| 110,159 ||align="right"| 99,024 || Sverdlovsk |
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| [[Sverdlovsk Raion|Sverdlovsky]] || Свердловський (район) || raion ||align="right"| 1,132 ||align="right"| 14,574 ||align="right"| 12,210 || Sverdlovsk |
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| [[Troitske Raion|Troitsky]] || Троїцький (район)|| raion ||align="right"| 1,633 ||align="right"| 25,704 ||align="right"| 21,205 || Troitske |
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| '''''Total Oblast'''|| Луганська (Область) || oblast ||align="right"| 26,683 ||align="right"| 2,546,178 ||align="right"| 2,272,676 || Luhansk |
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Like the other provinces of Ukraine, Luhansk Oblast has a double jurisdiction. The oblast is predominantly administrated by the Luhansk Oblast State Administration, headed by the [[Chief of local state administration|governor of the oblast]], who is appointed by the [[President of Ukraine]]. The province has a representative body, the provincial council, which is headed by its chairman and elected by popular vote. |
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The province is primarily divided into 18 ''[[raion]]s'' (districts), and 37 cities, including 14 [[City of regional significance (Ukraine)|cities of regional significance]]. The administrative center is [[Luhansk]]. These raions are listed below with their areas and populations.<ref>State Statistics Committee of Ukraine, Kyiv.</ref> |
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The province's secondary division consists of various municipalities. Those municipalities may consist of one or more populated places. The municipalities are administratively subordinate to the raion in which they are located, with the exception of 14 cities subordinated directly to the oblast. The city of Luhansk is subdivided into its own four city-districts (boroughs). |
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All subdivisions are governed by their respective councils (''radas''). |
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{{Further|List of villages in Luhansk Oblast}} |
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===Cities=== |
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{{Largest cities |
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| country = Luhansk Oblast |
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| list_by_pop = |
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| div_name = |
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| div_link = Raions of Ukraine{{!}}Raion |
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| city_1 = Luhansk{{!}}Luhansk |
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| div_1 = Luhansk Municipality{{!}}Luhansk<sup>*</sup> |
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| pop_1 = 425,848 |
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| img_1 =East Spire House.jpg |
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| city_2 = Alchevsk{{!}}Alchevsk |
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| div_2 = Alchevsk Municipality{{!}}Alchevsk<sup>*</sup> |
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| pop_2 = 114,624 |
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| img_2 = Donbass State Technical University main building.jpg |
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| city_3 = Sievierodonetsk{{!}}Sievierodonetsk |
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| div_3 = Sievierodonetsk Municipality{{!}}Sievierodonetsk<sup>*</sup> |
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| pop_3 = 121,000 |
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| img_3 = Северодонецк, 2021 год, 30.jpg |
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| city_4 = Lysychansk{{!}}Lysychansk |
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| div_4 = Lysychansk Municipality{{!}}Lysychansk<sup>*</sup> |
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| pop_4 = 103 459 |
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| img_4 = Кінотеатр «Октябрський».jpg |
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| city_5 = Khrustalnyi{{!}}Khrustalnyi |
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| div_5 = Khrustalnyi Municipaity{{!}}Khrustalnyi<sup>*</sup> |
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| pop_5 = 82,765 |
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| city_6 = Kadiivka{{!}}Kadiivka |
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| div_6 = Kadiivka Municipality{{!}}Kadiivka<sup>*</sup> |
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| pop_6 = 76,492 |
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| city_7 = Sverdlovsk, Luhansk Oblast{{!}}Sverdlovsk |
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| div_7 = Sverdlovsk Municipality{{!}}Sverdlovsk<sup>*</sup> |
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| pop_7 = 64,503 |
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| city_8 = Rubizhne{{!}}Rubizhne |
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| div_8 = Rubizhne Municipality{{!}}Rubizhne<sup>*</sup> |
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| pop_8 = 63,474 |
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| city_9 = Antratsyt{{!}}Antratsyt |
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| div_9 = Antratsyt Municipality{{!}}Antratsyt<sup>*</sup> |
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| pop_9 = 54,640 |
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| city_10 = Rovenky{{!}}Rovenky |
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| div_10 = Rovenky Municipality{{!}}Rovenky<sup>*</sup> |
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| pop_10 = 47,852 |
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}}{{refbegin}}<sup>*</sup> regional municipalities{{refend}} |
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==Demographics== |
==Demographics== |
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[[File:City Day Lisichansk.JPG|thumb |
[[File:City Day Lisichansk.JPG|thumb|City Day in [[Lysychansk]], 2010]] |
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[[File:LuhanskRussianLang2001.PNG|thumb|right|Map of Russian language speakers, 2001]] |
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The population is largely [[Russian language|Russian]]-speaking, although ethnic [[Ukrainians]] constitute a majority (58.0%). Among the minorities are native Russians (39.1%), Belarusians (0.8%), and others (1.4%). Ukrainians constitute the majority in all raions except for [[Stanytsia-Luhanska Raion]] and [[Krasnodon Raion]], both of which are east of Luhansk. Ethnic [[Russians]] also constitute the majority in regionally significant cities, such as [[Krasnodon]], [[Sverdlovsk, Ukraine|Sverdlovsk]], [[Krasnyi Luch]] and [[Stakhanov, Ukraine|Stakhanov]]. |
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The population is largely Russian-speaking, although ethnic [[Ukrainians]] constitute a majority (58.0%). Among the minorities are native Russians (39.1%), Belarusians (0.8%), and others (1.4%). Ukrainians constitute the majority in all raions except for [[Stanytsia-Luhanska Raion]] and [[Krasnodon Raion]], both of which are east of Luhansk. Ethnic [[Russians]] also constitute the majority in regionally significant cities, such as [[Krasnodon]], [[Sverdlovsk, Luhansk Oblast|Sverdlovsk]], [[Khrustalnyi]] and [[Kadiivka]]. |
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In the 2001 Ukrainian Census, more than 68.8% of the population considered themselves Russian speakers, while 30.0% considered themselves Ukrainian speakers. The Russophone population predominates in the southern portion of the region and around the city of Luhansk, while the northern region is less populated, mostly agricultural and Ukrainophone. |
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Its population (as of 2004) of 2,461,506 constitutes 5.13% of the overall Ukrainian population. The Luhansk Oblast rates fifth in Ukraine by the number of its inhabitants, having an average population density of 90.28/km |
Its population (as of 2004) of 2,461,506 constitutes 5.13% of the overall Ukrainian population. The Luhansk Oblast rates fifth in Ukraine by the number of its inhabitants, having an average population density of 90.28/km<sup>2</sup>. About 87% of the population lives in urban areas, while the remaining 13% reside in agricultural areas. According to the national census, 54% of the population are Ukrainians and 42% are Russians. |
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[[File:New serbia slavo serbia.png|thumb|right|225px|Map of Luhansk Oblast and former [[Slavo-Serbia]] (1753–64).]] |
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'''Age structure''' |
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: '' |
: ''0–14 years:'' 12.3% {{increase}} (male 143,272/female 134,803) |
||
: '' |
: ''15–64 years:'' 71.4% {{decrease}} (male 768,544/female 838,639) |
||
: ''65 years and over:'' 16.3% {{steady}} (male 117,782/female 248,914) (2013 official) |
: ''65 years and over:'' 16.3% {{steady}} (male 117,782/female 248,914) (2013 official) |
||
'''Median age''' |
|||
: ''total:'' 42.1 years {{increase}} |
: ''total:'' 42.1 years {{increase}} |
||
: ''male:'' 38.2 years {{increase}} |
: ''male:'' 38.2 years {{increase}} |
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Economically the region is connected with the [[Donets Basin]]. |
Economically the region is connected with the [[Donets Basin]]. |
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'''Extractive industry''' |
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* Lysychansk Coal |
* Lysychansk Coal |
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* Luhansk Coal |
* Luhansk Coal |
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Line 171: | Line 255: | ||
* Donbas Anthracite |
* Donbas Anthracite |
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'''Machine building''' |
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[[File:СО17-1000.JPG|thumb|Luhanskteplovoz]] |
[[File:СО17-1000.JPG|thumb|Luhanskteplovoz]] |
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* [[Luhanskteplovoz]] |
* [[Luhanskteplovoz]] |
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* [[:uk:Краснолуцький машинобудівний завод| |
* [[:uk:Краснолуцький машинобудівний завод|Khrustalnyi Machine building Factory]] |
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* [[:uk:Первомайський електромеханічний завод|Pervomaisk Power mechanical Factory]] |
* [[:uk:Первомайський електромеханічний завод|Pervomaisk Power mechanical Factory]] |
||
* [[:uk:Стахановський вагонобудівний завод| |
* [[:uk:Стахановський вагонобудівний завод|Stakhanov Railcar Plant]] |
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'''Metallurgy''' |
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* [[:uk:Алчевський металургійний комбінат|Alchevsk Metallurgy Combine]] |
* [[:uk:Алчевський металургійний комбінат|Alchevsk Metallurgy Combine]] |
||
* [[:uk:Алчевський коксохімічний завод|Alchevsk Coke-chemical Factory]] |
* [[:uk:Алчевський коксохімічний завод|Alchevsk Coke-chemical Factory]] |
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'''Chemicals and oil refining''' |
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* [[ |
* [[Sievierodonetsk Association Azot]] |
||
* [[:uk:Об'єднання «Склопластик»|Association Skloplastyk]] |
* [[:uk:Об'єднання «Склопластик»|Association Skloplastyk]] |
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* Lysynchansk Oil Refinery |
* Lysynchansk Oil Refinery |
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'''Agriculture''' |
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The oblast has [[brownfield land|post industrial sites]] which [[surface runoff|run off]] building material into surrounding land. Yakymchuk 2018 finds [[feral]] stands of ''[[Triticum aestivum]]'' have colonised several of these sites.<ref name="kobeticova2019">{{cite journal | last1=Kobetičová | first1=Klára | last2=Černý | first2=Robert | title=Terrestrial eutrophication of building materials and buildings: An emerging topic in environmental studies | journal=[[Science of the Total Environment]] | publisher=[[Elsevier]] | volume=689 | year=2019 | issn=0048-9697 | doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.423 | pages=1316–1328| pmid=31466168 | bibcode=2019ScTEn.689.1316K | s2cid=198365229 }}</ref> |
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* [[:uk:Деркульський кінний завод|Derkul Horse Factory]] |
* [[:uk:Деркульський кінний завод|Derkul Horse Factory]] |
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'''Power generation''' |
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* |
* Sievierodonetsk Power Station |
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* [[Luhansk power station]] |
* [[Luhansk power station]] |
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* [[:uk:Штерівська ДРЕС|Shteriv power station]] ( |
* [[:uk:Штерівська ДРЕС|Shteriv power station]] (decommissioned in 1983) |
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==Transport== |
==Transport== |
||
Through the region pass two major European routes |
Through the region pass two major European routes {{jct|country=EUR|E|50 }} and {{jct|country=EUR|E|40 }}. There are 24 Russo-Ukrainian international [[Russia–Ukraine border#Luhansk .E2.80.93 Belgorod|border checkpoint]]s of various entry. |
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* |
* {{jct|country=EUR|E|50 }} within the Luhansk Oblast uses highway {{Jct|country=UKR|M|03}} that starts from [[Debaltseve]] ([[Donetsk Oblast]]), passes through the city of [[Khrustalnyi]], and enters the [[Russia|Russian Federation]] at the [[Dovzhansky (border checkpoint)|border checkpoint "Dovzhansky"]] (settlement Dovzhanske, town of Biryukove). |
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* |
* {{jct|country=EUR|E|40 }} within the Luhansk Oblast uses highway {{Jct|country=UKR|M|04}} that starts from [[Debaltseve]] ([[Donetsk Oblast]]), passes through the city of [[Luhansk]], and enters the [[Russia|Russian Federation]] at the [[Izvaryne-Donetsk|border checkpoint "Izvaryne"]] (town of Izvaryne). |
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* There is also another highway |
* There is also another highway {{Jct|country=UKR|H|21}} that runs from north to south and connects [[Starobilsk]], [[Luhansk]], and [[Khrustalnyi]] with [[Donetsk]]. |
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Rail transportation is administered by the Donetsk Railway. |
Rail transportation is administered by the Donetsk Railway. |
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Line 210: | Line 297: | ||
* [[Donbas State Technical University]] |
* [[Donbas State Technical University]] |
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'''Specialized''' |
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* [[ |
* [[Luhansk State Medical University]] |
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* Luhansk National Agrarian University |
* Luhansk National Agrarian University |
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* [[Luhansk State University of Internal Affairs]] |
* [[Luhansk State University of Internal Affairs]] |
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==Points of interest== |
==Points of interest== |
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[[File:Vladimir Dal's house in Luhansk.jpg|thumb|Dal's house in [[Luhansk]]]] |
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[[File:Seleznivka.jpg|thumb|Mścichowski Palace (remnants)]] |
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The following sites were nominated for the [[Seven Wonders of Ukraine]]. |
The following sites were nominated for the [[Seven Wonders of Ukraine]]. |
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* [[The house of Dal's birth (Luhansk)]] |
* [[The house of Dal's birth (Luhansk)]] |
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* Chasm Steppe ([[Sverdlovsk Raion]]) |
* Chasm Steppe ([[Sverdlovsk Raion]]) |
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* Ram Foreheads (limestone rocks) |
* Ram Foreheads (limestone rocks) |
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* Mścichowski Palace |
* Mścichowski Palace ({{lang|uk|[[:uk:Палац Мсциховського|Палац Мсциховського]]}}) |
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==Notable people== |
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* [[Oleksiy Danilov]] (born 1962), Ukrainian politician |
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* [[Dov Markus]] (born 1946), Israeli-American soccer player, born in Ukraine. |
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* [[Serhiy Zhadan]] (born 1974), writer. |
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== Gallery == |
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<gallery> |
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File:Seleznivka.jpg|Mścichowski Palace (remnants) |
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File:Vladimir Dal's house in Luhansk.jpg|Dal's house in [[Luhansk]] |
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File:Donec near shepilovo.JPG|[[Donets|Siverskyi Donets]] near Shepilivka |
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File:Mist over a river in Luhansk.jpg|Luhanka River in mist |
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File:2010-10-22-iljenko-with-leonas 014.jpg|Landscape in the Derkulskyi |
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File:Syevyerodonetsk 22.jpg|Sievierodonetsk |
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File:MQA-VS.jpg|Dovzhenka Street in Lysychansk |
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File:2010-perevalsk-reserve.jpg|Perevalsk general zoological reserve |
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</gallery> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
||
*[[ |
* [[2014 Donbas status referendums]] |
||
==References== |
==References== |
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Line 234: | Line 337: | ||
==External links== |
==External links== |
||
* [http://loga.gov.ua/ Official site of Luhansk Oblast Administration] {{ |
* [http://loga.gov.ua/ Official site of Luhansk Oblast Administration] {{in lang|uk}} |
||
* [http://www.kmu.gov.ua/control/en/publish/article?art_id=117278&cat_id=32596 Information Card of the Region] – official site of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine |
* [http://www.kmu.gov.ua/control/en/publish/article?art_id=117278&cat_id=32596 Information Card of the Region] – official site of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine |
||
* [http://www.radozamok.com.ua/en/ The Official Site of the Radomysl Castle] |
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{{Geographic Location (8-way) |
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| Northwest = {{RUS}}<br />[[Belgorod Oblast]] |
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| North = {{RUS}}/[[Voronezh Oblast]]<br />[[Belgorod Oblast]] |
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| Northeast = {{RUS}}<br />[[Voronezh Oblast]] |
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| West = {{UKR}}<br />[[Kharkiv Oblast]]<br />{{UKR}}<br />[[Donetsk Oblast]] |
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| Centre = Luhansk |
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| East = {{RUS}}<br />[[Rostov Oblast]] |
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| Southwest = {{UKR}}<br />[[Donetsk Oblast]] |
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| South = {{RUS}}/[[Rostov Oblast]] |
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| Southeast = {{RUS}}<br />[[Rostov Oblast]]}} |
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{{Luhansk Oblast}} |
{{Luhansk Oblast}} |
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{{Administrative divisions of Ukraine}} |
{{Administrative divisions of Ukraine}} |
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{{2014 pro-Russian conflict in Ukraine}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Luhansk Oblast| ]] |
[[Category:Luhansk Oblast| ]] |
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Line 257: | Line 349: | ||
[[Category:States and territories established in 1938]] |
[[Category:States and territories established in 1938]] |
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[[Category:Donbas]] |
[[Category:Donbas]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:1938 establishments in Ukraine]] |
Latest revision as of 20:54, 20 May 2024
Luhansk Oblast
Луганська область | |
---|---|
Nickname(s): | |
Coordinates: 48°55′N 39°01′E / 48.92°N 39.02°E | |
Country | Ukraine |
Established | 3 June 1938 |
Administrative center | Luhansk (de jure) Sievierodonetsk (de facto, 2014–2022) |
Government | |
• Governor | Artem Lysohor |
• Oblast council | 124 seats |
Area | |
• Total | 26,684 km2 (10,303 sq mi) |
Population (2022)[6] | |
• Total | 2,102,921 |
• Rank | Ranked 7th |
Gross Regional Product | |
• Total | ₴ 52 billion (€1.351 billion) |
• Per capita | ₴ 24,684 (€639) |
Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
Postal code | 91–94 |
Area code | +380-64 |
ISO 3166 code | UA-09 |
Vehicle registration | BB |
Raions | 18 |
Cities (total) | 37 |
• Regional cities | 14 |
Urban-type settlements | 109 |
Villages | 792 |
FIPS 10-4 | UP14 |
Website | loga.gov.ua |
Luhansk Oblast (Ukrainian: Луганська область, romanized: Luhanska oblast; Russian: Луганская область, romanized: Luganskaya oblast), also referred to as Luhanshchyna (Луганщина), is the easternmost oblast (province) of Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Luhansk. The oblast was established in 1938 and bore the name Voroshilovgrad Oblast until 1958 and again from 1970 to 1991.[8] It has a population of 2,102,921 (2022 estimate).[6]
Important cities in Luhansk Oblast include Alchevsk, Antratsyt, Brianka, Kadiivka, Kirovsk, Krasnodon, Khrustalnyi, Luhansk, Lysychansk, Pervomaisk, Rovenky, Rubizhne, Sievierodonetsk and Sverdlovsk. All of the oblast is in the Donbas region.
In 2014, large parts of the oblast, including the capital Luhansk, came under the control of Russian-backed separatists who declared the Luhansk People's Republic, leading to a war against Ukrainian government forces. Since the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the oblast has come almost entirely under Russian occupation and has been the scene of heavy fighting, which continues in some places. In late September 2022, Russia declared the annexation of the entire oblast, along with three others, though the annexation remains internationally unrecognized. As of May 2024, Ukraine is in control of 6–7% of the region, including a few settlements, such as Zolotarivka, Chervonopopivka, and Makiivka. These areas continue to see active conflict.[9][10]
Geography
Luhansk Oblast is in far eastern Ukraine. Its north–south length is 250 km, and east–west width 190 km. It covers an area of 26,700 km2, 4.42% of the total area of Ukraine.
The oblast has the longest segment of Ukraine's international border with Russia among other regions (see State Border of Ukraine), consisting of 746 km (464 mi). The abutting Russian oblasts are Belgorod Oblast to the north, Voronezh Oblast to the northeast, Rostov Oblast to the east. Abutting Ukrainian oblasts are Kharkiv Oblast to the west, and Donetsk Oblast to the south.
The region is located in the valley of the Siversky Donets river, which flows west to east through the oblast and splits it approximately in half. The southern portion of the region is elevated by the Donetsk Ridge, which is close to the southern border. The highest point is Mohyla Mechetna (367 m (1,204 ft)), the highest point of Donetsk Ridge. The left bank of the Siversky Donets is part of the Starobilsk Plain. To the north this transforms into the Central Russian Upland.
History
The territory was formerly part of the Wild Fields, and former administrative units in the territory of the current oblast included Sloboda Ukraine, Slavo-Serbia, Yekaterinoslav Governorate, Donets Governorate and Donetsk Oblast.
Soviet Ukraine (1938–1991)
The oblast originated in 1938 as Voroshylovhrad (Russian: Voroshilovgrad) Oblast (Ukrainian: Ворошиловградська область, romanized: Voroshylovhradska oblast) after the Donetsk Oblast was split between Voroshylovhrad and Stalino (today Donetsk Oblast) oblasts. Following the Soviet invasion of Poland, Starobilsk was the location of a prisoner of war camp for Poles, who were then massacred in the Katyn massacre in 1940. After the invasion by Nazi Germany in 1941, the region came under a German military administration, due to its proximity to frontlines. It was occupied at the end of 1942 as part of Case Blue German offensive directed towards Stalingrad.
Soon after the battle of Stalingrad, the Luhansk (at that time Voroshilovgrad in honor of Kliment Voroshilov) region again became the center of military operations during the Soviet counter-offensive operation Little Saturn in the spring of 1943. In the summer of 1943, the region was liberated from the Nazi Germany Armed Forces. During the Soviet era, the Oblast bore its current name between 1958 and 1970.
In the December 1991 referendum, 83.86% of votes in the oblast were in favor of the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine.
Independent Ukraine (1991–2014)
Pro-Russian insurgency (2014–2022)
On 8 April 2014, following the annexation of Crimea by Russia, pro-Russian separatists occupying the Luhansk Oblast administrative building planned to declare the independence of the region as the Luhansk Parliamentary Republic,[clarification needed] after other pro-Russian separatists declared Donetsk People's Republic in the Donetsk Oblast (7 April 2014). When the Luhansk Parliamentary Republic ceased to exist, the separatists declared the Luhansk People's Republic on 27 April 2014. They held a disputed referendum on separating from Ukraine on 11 May 2014. The legitimacy of the referendums was not recognized by any government.[11] Ukraine does not recognize the referendum, while the EU and US said the polls were illegal and fraudulent.[12] Subsequently, the war in Donbas began.
As a result of the war in Donbas, Luhansk insurgents control the southern third of the oblast, which includes the city of Luhansk, the region's most populous city and the capital of the oblast. Due to this, most oblast government functions have moved to Sievierodonetsk, which forces of the Government of Ukraine recaptured in July 2014. Many universities located in the occupied areas have moved to government-controlled cities such as Sievierodonetsk, Starobilsk or Rubizhne.[13][14] A survey conducted in December 2014 by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology found that 5.7% of the oblast's population supported their region joining Russia, 84.1% did not support the idea, and the rest were undecided or did not respond. Insurgent-controlled areas were not polled.[15]
Russian occupation (2022–present)
During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russian ground forces entered the occupied territory of Luhansk Oblast by crossing the Russian border on 22 February 2022. They invaded government-controlled territory across the line of contact and the Russian border on 24 February. As of 26 May 2022 they had occupied all but 5% of the region.[16]
During the mid-2022 battle of Donbas, Russian troops attacked and eventually captured the cities of Sieverodonetsk and Lysychansk during May and June 2022 in two of the most significant and most intense battles of the Eastern Ukraine offensive. By 3 July 2022, Russian and allied troops controlled all cities in the oblast.[citation needed] On 4–5 July 2022, during the international Ukraine Recovery Conference (URC 2022) in Lugano, Finland, Sweden, and the Czech Republic pledged to support the postwar rebuilding of the Luhansk region.[17] On 11 September 2022, there were unconfirmed reports that Bilohorivka near Lysychansk, was recaptured. On 19 September 2022, Ukrainian forces confirmed this.[citation needed]
In late September 2022 an annexation referendum was held in Luhansk on joining the Russian Federation, although Ukraine along with the United Nations and most observers declared the referendum to be illegitimate and fraudulent.[18] Following the staged victory in the voting, the region and the so-called Luhansk People's Republic were absorbed into Russia.[19] The United Nations General Assembly subsequently passed a resolution calling on countries not to recognise what it described as an "attempted illegal annexation" and demanded that Russia "immediately, completely and unconditionally withdraw".[20]
As of 5 October 2022, nearly all of the oblast is occupied by Russia, which claims the oblast as the Luhansk People's Republic (LPR), a self-declared state turned Russian federal subject. The war in Donbas and the subsequent 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine saw heavy fighting in the oblast, with Sievierodonetsk captured in June by Russian and LPR forces[21] after an assault lasting several weeks,[22][23] and the oblast's last major settlement under Ukrainian control, Lysychansk, captured by Russian and Russia-backed forces on 2 July.[24] The next day, Russia's Minister of Defence announced that the entire territory of the oblast had been "liberated",[25] but three weeks later the governor of the oblast reported heavy fighting was still ongoing.[26] On 4 September, Ukrainian forces launched a counteroffensive in eastern Ukraine and recaptured small parts of Donetsk Oblast and, on 1 October, Lyman. Ukrainian forces also pushed through the stalemate at the Luhansk Oblast border and, most notably, recaptured Bilohirivka while engaging LPR forces in Lysychansk. Since then, there has been continued fighting in the western parts of the region in a renewed Luhansk Oblast campaign.[citation needed]
Administrative subdivisions
Map | No. | Name in English | Name in Ukrainian | Romanization | Admin. centre |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Svatove Raion | Сватівський район | Svativskyi raion | Svatove | |
2 | Starobilsk Raion | Старобільський район | Starobilskyi raion | Starobilsk | |
3 | Sievierodonetsk Raion | Сєвєродонецький район | Sievierodonetskyi raion | Sievierodonetsk | |
4 | Shchastia Raion | Щастинський район | Shchastynskyi raion | ||
5 | Alchevsk Raion | Алчевський район | Alchevskyi raion | Alchevsk | |
6 | Luhansk Raion | Луганський район | Luhanskyi raion | Luhansk | |
7 | Rovenky Raion | Ровеньківський район | Rovenkivskyi raion | Rovenky | |
8 | Dovzhansk Raion | Довжанський район | Dovzhanskyi raion | Dovzhansk (Sverdlovsk) |
Like the other provinces of Ukraine, Luhansk Oblast has a double jurisdiction. The oblast is predominantly administrated by the Luhansk Oblast State Administration, headed by the governor of the oblast, who is appointed by the President of Ukraine. The province has a representative body, the provincial council, which is headed by its chairman and elected by popular vote.
The province is primarily divided into 18 raions (districts), and 37 cities, including 14 cities of regional significance. The administrative center is Luhansk. These raions are listed below with their areas and populations.[27]
The province's secondary division consists of various municipalities. Those municipalities may consist of one or more populated places. The municipalities are administratively subordinate to the raion in which they are located, with the exception of 14 cities subordinated directly to the oblast. The city of Luhansk is subdivided into its own four city-districts (boroughs).
All subdivisions are governed by their respective councils (radas).
Cities
Largest cities or towns in Luhansk Oblast
Source? | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | Name | Raion | Municipal pop. | ||||||
Luhansk Alchevsk |
1 | Luhansk | Luhansk* | 425,848 | Sievierodonetsk Lysychansk | ||||
2 | Alchevsk | Alchevsk* | 114,624 | ||||||
3 | Sievierodonetsk | Sievierodonetsk* | 121,000 | ||||||
4 | Lysychansk | Lysychansk* | 103 459 | ||||||
5 | Khrustalnyi | Khrustalnyi* | 82,765 | ||||||
6 | Kadiivka | Kadiivka* | 76,492 | ||||||
7 | Sverdlovsk | Sverdlovsk* | 64,503 | ||||||
8 | Rubizhne | Rubizhne* | 63,474 | ||||||
9 | Antratsyt | Antratsyt* | 54,640 | ||||||
10 | Rovenky | Rovenky* | 47,852 |
Demographics
The population is largely Russian-speaking, although ethnic Ukrainians constitute a majority (58.0%). Among the minorities are native Russians (39.1%), Belarusians (0.8%), and others (1.4%). Ukrainians constitute the majority in all raions except for Stanytsia-Luhanska Raion and Krasnodon Raion, both of which are east of Luhansk. Ethnic Russians also constitute the majority in regionally significant cities, such as Krasnodon, Sverdlovsk, Khrustalnyi and Kadiivka.
In the 2001 Ukrainian Census, more than 68.8% of the population considered themselves Russian speakers, while 30.0% considered themselves Ukrainian speakers. The Russophone population predominates in the southern portion of the region and around the city of Luhansk, while the northern region is less populated, mostly agricultural and Ukrainophone.
Its population (as of 2004) of 2,461,506 constitutes 5.13% of the overall Ukrainian population. The Luhansk Oblast rates fifth in Ukraine by the number of its inhabitants, having an average population density of 90.28/km2. About 87% of the population lives in urban areas, while the remaining 13% reside in agricultural areas. According to the national census, 54% of the population are Ukrainians and 42% are Russians.
Age structure
- 0–14 years: 12.3% (male 143,272/female 134,803)
- 15–64 years: 71.4% (male 768,544/female 838,639)
- 65 years and over: 16.3% (male 117,782/female 248,914) (2013 official)
Median age
- total: 42.1 years
- male: 38.2 years
- female: 45.9 years (2013 official)
Economy
Economically the region is connected with the Donets Basin.
Extractive industry
- Lysychansk Coal
- Luhansk Coal
- Sverdlov Anthracite
- Anthracite
- Pervomaisk Coal
- Rovenky Anthracite
- Donbas Anthracite
Machine building
- Luhanskteplovoz
- Khrustalnyi Machine building Factory
- Pervomaisk Power mechanical Factory
- Stakhanov Railcar Plant
Metallurgy
Chemicals and oil refining
- Sievierodonetsk Association Azot
- Association Skloplastyk
- Lysynchansk Oil Refinery
Agriculture
The oblast has post industrial sites which run off building material into surrounding land. Yakymchuk 2018 finds feral stands of Triticum aestivum have colonised several of these sites.[28]
Power generation
- Sievierodonetsk Power Station
- Luhansk power station
- Shteriv power station (decommissioned in 1983)
Transport
Through the region pass two major European routes E50 and E40. There are 24 Russo-Ukrainian international border checkpoints of various entry.
- E50 within the Luhansk Oblast uses highway M 03 that starts from Debaltseve (Donetsk Oblast), passes through the city of Khrustalnyi, and enters the Russian Federation at the border checkpoint "Dovzhansky" (settlement Dovzhanske, town of Biryukove).
- E40 within the Luhansk Oblast uses highway M 04 that starts from Debaltseve (Donetsk Oblast), passes through the city of Luhansk, and enters the Russian Federation at the border checkpoint "Izvaryne" (town of Izvaryne).
- There is also another highway H 21 that runs from north to south and connects Starobilsk, Luhansk, and Khrustalnyi with Donetsk.
Rail transportation is administered by the Donetsk Railway.
There is also its regional airport Luhansk International Airport with its own carrier.
Education
Specialized
- Luhansk State Medical University
- Luhansk National Agrarian University
- Luhansk State University of Internal Affairs
Points of interest
The following sites were nominated for the Seven Wonders of Ukraine.
- The house of Dal's birth (Luhansk)
- Fighters for the Revolution monument
- Derkul horse factory
- Royal Rocks (Luhansk State Preserve)
- Chasm Steppe (Sverdlovsk Raion)
- Ram Foreheads (limestone rocks)
- Mścichowski Palace (Палац Мсциховського)
Notable people
- Oleksiy Danilov (born 1962), Ukrainian politician
- Dov Markus (born 1946), Israeli-American soccer player, born in Ukraine.
- Serhiy Zhadan (born 1974), writer.
Gallery
-
Mścichowski Palace (remnants)
-
Dal's house in Luhansk
-
Siverskyi Donets near Shepilivka
-
Luhanka River in mist
-
Landscape in the Derkulskyi
-
Sievierodonetsk
-
Dovzhenka Street in Lysychansk
-
Perevalsk general zoological reserve
See also
References
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- ^ Umoloda, Kyiv, UA.
- ^ Oda, UA: LG, 1930, archived from the original on 24 May 2011.
- ^ "Territory", 70 years, UA: LG, 14 March 2008 [1977], archived from the original on 24 May 2011, retrieved 17 September 2008.
- ^ "70 years", Calendar, UA: LG, 11 April 2008, archived from the original on 24 May 2011, retrieved 17 September 2008.
- ^ a b Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
- ^ "Валовии регіональнии продукт".
- ^ Про внесення змін і доповнень до Конституції (Основного Закону) Української РСР | від 19.06.1991 № 1213а-XII[permanent dead link]
- ^ Lowe, Yohannes; Bayer, Lili; Lowe (now), Yohannes; Bayer (earlier), Lili (20 May 2024). "Russia-Ukraine war live: Ukraine still controls 60% of Vovchansk, says local official". the Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
- ^ "Russia-Ukraine war live: Ukrainian forces reportedly take control of Piatykhatky – as it happened". The Guardian. 18 June 2023. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
- ^ "Ukraine's Eastern Region Of Luhansk May Now Hold Referendum On Joining Russia". Business Insider. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
- ^ BBC News 12 May 2014
- ^ "In Severodonetsk, Petro Poroshenko presented Luhansk RSA Head Hennadiy Moskal – Official web-site of President of Ukraine". Archived from the original on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
- ^ "Lugansk University. Location, phone, address, contacts". luganskukraine.info. Archived from the original on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
- ^ Лише 3% українців хочуть приєднання їх області до Росії [Only 3% of Ukrainians want their region to become part of Russia]. Dzerkalo Tyzhnia (in Ukrainian). 3 January 2015.
- ^ "Russian forces have 'upper hand' in Donbas fighting, Ukrainian officials say". the Guardian. 26 May 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
- ^ "Провідні країни Європи відбудовуватимуть Україну, – Гайдай". LB.ua. 5 July 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ "So-called referenda in Russian-controlled Ukraine 'cannot be regarded as legal': UN political affairs chief". 27 September 2022.
- ^ Trevelyan, Mark (30 September 2022). "Putin signs treaties to annex Ukrainian lands". Reuters. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine: UN General Assembly demands Russia reverse course on 'attempted illegal annexation'". 12 October 2022.
- ^ Balmforth, Tom; Djurica, Marko (25 June 2022). "Sievierodonetsk falls to Russia after one of war's bloodiest fights". Reuters. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
- ^ "Ukrainian troops told to leave Severodonetsk: governor". PolskieRadio.pl. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
- ^ "Ukrainians Retreat From Key Areas Of Eastern Region As Fighting Enters Fifth Month". Radiofreeeurope/Radioliberty. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
- ^ "Institute for the Study of War". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
- ^ Balmforth, Tom; Hunder, Max (3 July 2022). "Zelenskiy vows to regain Lysychansk after Ukrainian withdrawal". Reuters. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
- ^ Roshchina, Olena (25 July 2022). "Russian forces attempt to advance to Luhansk Oblasts administrative borders from 3 directions but retreated". news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
- ^ State Statistics Committee of Ukraine, Kyiv.
- ^ Kobetičová, Klára; Černý, Robert (2019). "Terrestrial eutrophication of building materials and buildings: An emerging topic in environmental studies". Science of the Total Environment. 689. Elsevier: 1316–1328. Bibcode:2019ScTEn.689.1316K. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.423. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 31466168. S2CID 198365229.
External links
- Official site of Luhansk Oblast Administration (in Ukrainian)
- Information Card of the Region – official site of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine