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{{Other uses|Lodi (disambiguation){{!}}Lodi}} |
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The '''Lodhi''' (or '''Lodha''') are a Hindu community of agriculturalists found throughout India and Pakistan, primarily in Madhya Pradesh, having emigrated there from Uttar Pradesh. <ref name="Sharma1981">{{cite book|author=Jagdish Saran Sharma|title=Encyclopaedia Indica|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=hWtDAAAAYAAJ&q=lodhi+caste&dq=lodhi+caste&hl=en|accessdate=17 September 2011|year=1981|publisher=S. Chand|page=737}}</ref> The Lodhi are categorised as an ''OBC'' ([[Other Backward Class]]), but they claim [[Rajput]] ties and prefer to be known as "Lodhi-Rajput".<ref name="Oppisition in a Dominant-Party System">{{cite book|title=Opposition in a Dominant-Party System|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ZFV0XXoL5vcC&pg=PA27|accessdate=14 March 2011|publisher=University of California Press|pages=27–|id=GGKEY:13EX1WTQ9XZ}}</ref> |
The '''Lodhi''' (or '''Lodha''') are a Hindu community of agriculturalists found throughout India and Pakistan, primarily in Madhya Pradesh, having emigrated there from Uttar Pradesh. <ref name="Sharma1981">{{cite book|author=Jagdish Saran Sharma|title=Encyclopaedia Indica|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=hWtDAAAAYAAJ&q=lodhi+caste&dq=lodhi+caste&hl=en|accessdate=17 September 2011|year=1981|publisher=S. Chand|page=737}}</ref> The Lodhi are categorised as an ''OBC'' ([[Other Backward Class]]), but they claim [[Rajput]] ties and prefer to be known as "Lodhi-Rajput".<ref name="Oppisition in a Dominant-Party System">{{cite book|title=Opposition in a Dominant-Party System|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ZFV0XXoL5vcC&pg=PA27|accessdate=14 March 2011|publisher=University of California Press|pages=27–|id=GGKEY:13EX1WTQ9XZ}}</ref> |
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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British scholar [[R.V. Russell]] described several possible etymologies for ''Lodhi'', including derivation from ''lod'' ("clod"), or ''lodh'', a tree whose bark the Lodhi of Northern India gather to make dye. Russell also stated that ''Lodha'' was the original term, later corrupted to ''Lodhi'' in the [[Central Provinces]].<ref name="Russell">{{cite book|author=R.V. Russell, Hira Lal|title=The tribes and castes of the central provinces of India|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=76c1VSYnPE0C&pg=PA114&dq=Lodhi+caste&hl=en#v=onepage&q=Lodhi%20caste&f=false|accessdate=14 September 2011|date=1916, reprinted 1993|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=812060833X, 9788120608337|pages=112|volume=1}}</ref> Another theory derives the name from the district of [[Ludhiana]], supposing it the Lodhi homeland.<ref name="AbbasiTiwari2001">{{cite book|author1=A. A. Abbasi|author2=Shiv Kumar Tiwari|title=Dimensions of human cultures in central India: Professor S.K. Tiwari felicitation volume|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=jUwFL3IipK0C&pg=PA71|accessdate=17 September 2011|date=1 January 2001|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=978-81-7625-186-0|pages=71–}}</ref> |
British scholar [[R.V. Russell]] described several possible etymologies for ''Lodhi'', including derivation from ''lod'' ("clod"), or ''lodh'', a tree whose bark the Lodhi of Northern India gather to make dye. Russell also stated that ''Lodha'' was the original term, later corrupted to ''Lodhi'' in the [[Central Provinces]].<ref name="Russell">{{cite book|author=R.V. Russell, Hira Lal|title=The tribes and castes of the central provinces of India|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=76c1VSYnPE0C&pg=PA114&dq=Lodhi+caste&hl=en#v=onepage&q=Lodhi%20caste&f=false|accessdate=14 September 2011|date=1916, reprinted 1993|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=812060833X, 9788120608337|pages=112|volume=1}}</ref> Another theory derives the name from the district of [[Ludhiana]], supposing it the Lodhi homeland.<ref name="AbbasiTiwari2001">{{cite book|author1=A. A. Abbasi|author2=Shiv Kumar Tiwari|title=Dimensions of human cultures in central India: Professor S.K. Tiwari felicitation volume|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=jUwFL3IipK0C&pg=PA71|accessdate=17 September 2011|date=1 January 2001|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=978-81-7625-186-0|pages=71–}}</ref> |
Revision as of 16:17, 18 September 2011
The Lodhi (or Lodha) are a Hindu community of agriculturalists found throughout India and Pakistan, primarily in Madhya Pradesh, having emigrated there from Uttar Pradesh. [1] The Lodhi are categorised as an OBC (Other Backward Class), but they claim Rajput ties and prefer to be known as "Lodhi-Rajput".[2]
Etymology
British scholar R.V. Russell described several possible etymologies for Lodhi, including derivation from lod ("clod"), or lodh, a tree whose bark the Lodhi of Northern India gather to make dye. Russell also stated that Lodha was the original term, later corrupted to Lodhi in the Central Provinces.[3] Another theory derives the name from the district of Ludhiana, supposing it the Lodhi homeland.[4]
History
British sources described the Lodhi as "immigrants from the United Provinces", who spread from that area, and in doing so were able to raise their social status, becoming landholders and local rulers ranking only below the Brahmin, Rajput, and Bannia. Some of these large landholders gained the title of thakur, and some Lodhi families in Damoh and and Sagar were labeled as rajas and diwans by the Muslim Raja of Panna.[4] These now-powerful Lodhi played a significant role in the 1842 Bundela rising.[5]
1857 uprising
In the 1857 Indian uprising, the Lodhi fought against the British in multiple areas of India. The Talukdar of Hindoria, a proprietor of Lodhis, "marched on the District headquarters and looted the treasury", while the Lodhi Thakur of Sharpura likewise routed the police of that area.[6] Damoh District was in particularly disarray, with "nearly every Lodhi landholder" joining the uprising, save the Raja of Hatri.[7] The Ramgarh family of Mandla was stripped of its estates for taking up arms against the British, and a Gughri estate of some 97 villages was confiscated from its Lodhi owners and granted to a "Native" officer who fought for the British.[6] In contrast, a Lodhi village in Narshingpur instead opposed the uprisers, who came to the village from Saugor,[8] as did the matchlockmen of Rao Surat Singh Lodhi of Imjhira, though the Rao's men were defeated by the rebels, who captured Imjhira.[9][10]
20th century caste politics
Following the 1911 census of India, the Lodhi began to further organise politically, and prior to the 1921 census of India claimed the name Lodhi-Rajput at a conference in Fathegarh.[11] At the 1929 conference, the Akhil Bharatiya Lodhi-Kshatriya (Rajput) Mahasabha was drafted.[11] The first part of the century also saw the publication of various books outlining Lodhi claims to the status of Rajput and Kshatriya, including the 1912 Maha Lodhi Vivechana and 1936 Lodhi Rajput Itihas.[12]
Notables
- Avanti Bai, a Lodhi queen of Ramgarh who opposed the British in 1857
- Kalyan Singh, three times as the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh in the 1990s
- Uma Bharti, Chief minister Madhya Pradesh 2003-2004
References
- ^ Jagdish Saran Sharma (1981). Encyclopaedia Indica. S. Chand. p. 737. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ^ Opposition in a Dominant-Party System. University of California Press. pp. 27–. GGKEY:13EX1WTQ9XZ. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
- ^ R.V. Russell, Hira Lal (1916, reprinted 1993). The tribes and castes of the central provinces of India. Vol. 1. Asian Educational Services. p. 112. ISBN 812060833X, 9788120608337. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
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(help) - ^ a b A. A. Abbasi; Shiv Kumar Tiwari (1 January 2001). Dimensions of human cultures in central India: Professor S.K. Tiwari felicitation volume. Sarup & Sons. pp. 71–. ISBN 978-81-7625-186-0. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ^ Jai Prakash Mishra (1 January 1982). The Bundela rebellion. Sundeep. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ^ a b Central Provinces (India) (1912). Central Provinces district gazetteers. Printed at the Pioneer Press. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ^ Great Britain. Commonwealth Office (1908). The Imperial Gazetteer of India: Coondapoor to Edwardesābād. Today & Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers [1972?]. pp. 136–. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ^ R.V. Russell; R.B.H. Lai (1995). The tribes and castes of the central provinces of India. Asian Educational Services. pp. 114–. ISBN 978-81-206-0833-7. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ^ Sir William Wilson Hunter; Great Britain. India Office (1908). Imperial gazetteer of India ... Clarendon Press. pp. 387–. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ^ India. Superintendent of Census Operations, Madhya Pradesh (1964). District Census Handbook, Madhya Pradesh: Sidhi. Govt. of Madhya Pradesh. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ^ a b Brij Raj Chauhan (1980). Extending frontiers of sociological learning. Dept. of Sociology, Institute of Advanced Studies, Meerut University. p. 63. Retrieved 17 September 2011. - The claim of a new caste name 'Lodhi-Rajput' was made at an All India conference, held at Fathegarh befor 1921. The history of Lodhi organization is about 57 years old. Cite error: The named reference "Chauhan1980" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ Badri Narayan (2009). Fascinating Hindutva: saffron politics and Dalit mobilisation. SAGE Publications. pp. 25–. ISBN 978-81-7829-906-8. Retrieved 17 September 2011.