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'''Little Salt Spring''' is an [[Archaeology|archaeological]] and [[Paleontology|paleontological]] site in [[North Port, Florida|North Port]], [[Florida]], [[United States]]. It is located directly off Price Boulevard between US 41 and I-75 adjacent to Heron Creek Middle School [[U.S. Route 41]] in the city of [[North Port, Florida|North Port]]. On July 10, 1979, it was added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]]. |
'''Little Salt Spring''' is an [[Archaeology|archaeological]] and [[Paleontology|paleontological]] site in [[North Port, Florida|North Port]], [[Florida]], [[United States]]. It is located directly off Price Boulevard between US 41 and I-75 adjacent to Heron Creek Middle School [[U.S. Route 41]] in the city of [[North Port, Florida|North Port]]. On July 10, 1979, it was added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]]. |
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Little Salt Spring is a feature of the [[karst topography]] of Florida, specifically an example of a [[sinkhole]]. The numerous deep vents at the bottom of the sinkhole feed oxygen-depleted [[groundwater]] into it, producing an [[Hypoxia (environmental)|anoxic]] environment below a depth of about {{convert|3|m|ft|abbr=on}}. This fosters the preservation of [[Paleo-Indians|Paleo-Indian]] and early [[Archaic period in the Americas|Archaic]] artifacts and ecofacts, as well as fossil bones of the extinct [[megafauna]] once found in Florida. |
Little Salt Spring is a feature of the [[karst topography]] of Florida, specifically an example of a [[sinkhole]]. The numerous deep vents at the bottom of the sinkhole feed oxygen-depleted [[groundwater]] into it, producing an [[Hypoxia (environmental)|anoxic]] environment below a depth of about {{convert|3|m|ft|abbr=on}}. This fosters the preservation of [[Paleo-Indians|Paleo-Indian]] and early [[Archaic period in the Americas|Archaic]] artifacts and ecofacts, as well as fossil bones of the extinct [[megafauna]] once found in Florida.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www6.miami.edu/UMH/CDA/UMH_Main/0,1770,2593-1;39289-3,00.html|title=Little Salt Spring Reveals More Florida History|date=July 6, 2005|accessdate=2009-11-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/203/4381/609|title=Little Salt Spring, Florida: A Unique Underwater Site|work=Science|first=C. J. |last=Clausen|author2= A. D. Cohen|author3=Cesare Emiliani|author4=J. A. Holman|author5= J. J. Stipp|volume=203|issue=4381|pages=609–614|doi=10.1126/science.203.4381.609|date=16 February 1979|accessdate=2010-02-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6R-4GT7V72-2&_user=10&_coverDate=08%2F05%2F2005&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1194943412&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=ba55d0ce76994d5d9f914e0a2643a968|title=Holocene paleohydrology of Little Salt Spring, Florida, based on ostracod assemblages and stable isotopes|first=Carlos A. |last=Alvarez Zarikiana|author2=Peter K. Swart|author3=John A. Gifford|author4=Patricia L. Blackwelder|doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.01.023|work=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology|date=5 August 2005|volume=225|issue=1-4|pages=134–156|accessdate=2010-02-05}}</ref> |
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Originally it was thought that Little Salt Spring was a shallow freshwater pond, but in the 1950s [[Scuba diving|SCUBA divers]] discovered that it was a true sinkhole extending downward over {{convert|200|ft|m|abbr=on}}, similar to the [[cenote]]s of the [[Yucatán Peninsula]] (another karst region). The actual depth of the surface pond is forty feet with a central shaft dropping vertically to an inverted cone with a maximum determined depth at the outer edges of 245 feet. There are ledges around the wall of the cenote at 16 and 27 meters (90 feet) below the present water level. |
Originally it was thought that Little Salt Spring was a shallow freshwater pond, but in the 1950s [[Scuba diving|SCUBA divers]] discovered that it was a true sinkhole extending downward over {{convert|200|ft|m|abbr=on}}, similar to the [[cenote]]s of the [[Yucatán Peninsula]] (another karst region). The actual depth of the surface pond is forty feet with a central shaft dropping vertically to an inverted cone with a maximum determined depth at the outer edges of 245 feet. There are ledges around the wall of the cenote at 16 and 27 meters (90 feet) below the present water level. |
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The site has been owned by the [[University of Miami]] since 1982 and is studied by Dr. John Gifford of the [[Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science]], University of Miami. |
The site has been owned by the [[University of Miami]] since 1982<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.themiamihurricane.com/2009/02/25/little-salt-spring-makes-big-news-nationwide/|title=Little Salt Spring makes big news nationwide|work=Miami Hurricane|date=February 25, 2009|first=Ashleigh |last=Maynard|accessdate=2010-02-05}}</ref> and is studied by Dr. John Gifford of the [[Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science]], University of Miami. |
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==Prehistoric human use== |
==Prehistoric human use== |
Revision as of 20:42, 5 February 2010
Little Salt Spring | |
Location | North Port, Florida |
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Nearest city | North Port |
NRHP reference No. | 79000692 |
Added to NRHP | July 10, 1979 |
Little Salt Spring is an archaeological and paleontological site in North Port, Florida, United States. It is located directly off Price Boulevard between US 41 and I-75 adjacent to Heron Creek Middle School U.S. Route 41 in the city of North Port. On July 10, 1979, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.
Little Salt Spring is a feature of the karst topography of Florida, specifically an example of a sinkhole. The numerous deep vents at the bottom of the sinkhole feed oxygen-depleted groundwater into it, producing an anoxic environment below a depth of about 3 m (9.8 ft). This fosters the preservation of Paleo-Indian and early Archaic artifacts and ecofacts, as well as fossil bones of the extinct megafauna once found in Florida.[1][2][3]
Originally it was thought that Little Salt Spring was a shallow freshwater pond, but in the 1950s SCUBA divers discovered that it was a true sinkhole extending downward over 200 ft (61 m), similar to the cenotes of the Yucatán Peninsula (another karst region). The actual depth of the surface pond is forty feet with a central shaft dropping vertically to an inverted cone with a maximum determined depth at the outer edges of 245 feet. There are ledges around the wall of the cenote at 16 and 27 meters (90 feet) below the present water level.
The site has been owned by the University of Miami since 1982[4] and is studied by Dr. John Gifford of the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami.
Prehistoric human use
The water level in the spring has varied over time. Twelve to thirteen thousand years ago the ocean level was about 100 meters (more than 300 feet) lower than at present, drawing down the water table in Florida, and the water level in Little Salt Spring was 27 meters (90 feet) lower than at present. The basin around the spring and a slough extending away from it are filled with moist, soft peat. Hundreds of burials dating from 5,200 to 6,800 years ago have been found in the slough. As has happened in other wetland burials in Florida, such as at the Windover Archaeological Site, brain matter survived in many of the skulls. In the 1970s the overturned shell of an extinct giant land tortoise was found on the 27 meter ledge. A wooden stake had been driven between the carapace and the plastron, and there is evidence of a fire under the tortoise. It appears that the tortoise had been cooked in its shell. The radiocarbon date for the wooden stake was 12,030 years ago, and for a bone from the tortoise, 13,450 years ago. Large numbers of human bones have been recovered from the spring itself, but were not collected under controlled conditions.[5]
Notes
- ^ "Little Salt Spring Reveals More Florida History". July 6, 2005. Retrieved 2009-11-16.
- ^ Clausen, C. J.; A. D. Cohen; Cesare Emiliani; J. A. Holman; J. J. Stipp (16 February 1979). "Little Salt Spring, Florida: A Unique Underwater Site". Science. 203 (4381): 609–614. doi:10.1126/science.203.4381.609. Retrieved 2010-02-05.
- ^ Alvarez Zarikiana, Carlos A.; Peter K. Swart; John A. Gifford; Patricia L. Blackwelder (5 August 2005). "Holocene paleohydrology of Little Salt Spring, Florida, based on ostracod assemblages and stable isotopes". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 225 (1–4): 134–156. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.01.023. Retrieved 2010-02-05.
- ^ Maynard, Ashleigh (February 25, 2009). "Little Salt Spring makes big news nationwide". Miami Hurricane. Retrieved 2010-02-05.
- ^ Purdy:84-90
References and external links
- Sarasota County listings at National Register of Historic Places
- Sarasota County listings at Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs
- Little Salt Spring at the Marine Affairs and Policy Division of RSMAS
- Purdy, Barbara A. (2008). Florida's People During the Last Ice Age. University Press of Florida. ISBN978-0-8130-3204-7