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This is a list of |
This is a '''list of [[massacre]]s committed during the [[1948 Arab-Israeli war]]'''. It is restricted to incidents in which at least 10 civilians or disarmed soldiers were killed deliberately. |
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'''Note:''' In many cases the actual number of killed is uncertain, and many of the facts are disputed. More information can be found in the appropriate articles. |
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Note: The designation "responsible party" below refers to those believed to be the principle instigators of the violence. Where culpability is disputed or ambiguous, the sources cited support the chosen designation. |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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! Responsible party |
! Responsible party |
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! Casualties/Notes |
! Casualties/Notes |
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|- |
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| [[Acre, Israel|Acre]] |
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| [[May 18]] [[1948]] |
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| [[Haganah]] |
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| 100 Arabs killed<ref>[http://palestinechronicle.com/story-2002060601283194.htm Robin Miller citing Michael Palumbo's The Palestinian Catastrophe: The 1948 Expulsion of a People from Their Homeland, London: Faber and Faber, 1987, p. 119, (original relies on reports filed by Lieutenant Petite, a U.N. observer from France, stored at UNA (United Nations Archives) 13/3.3.1, box 13.]</ref> |
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|- |
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| [[Al-Tantura]] |
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| [[May 22]]-23, 1948 |
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| disputed |
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| 200 - 250 Arabs killed |
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|- |
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| [[Lod|Lydda]]-[[Ramla|Ramleh]] |
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| 11-12 July [[1948]] |
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| [[Israel]]i forces |
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| dozens of Arabs killed<ref>{{cite web |
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| last = Neff |
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| first = Donald |
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| authorlink = Donald Neff |
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| title = Expulsion of the Palestinians—Lydda and Ramleh in 1948 |
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| publisher = Washington Report on Middle East Affairs |
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| date= July/August 1994 |
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| url = http://www.washington-report.org/backissues/0794/9407072.htm |
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| accessdate = 2007-09-12}}"Quite a few refugees died—from exhaustion, dehydration and disease—along the roads eastwards, from Lydda and Ramleh, before reaching temporary rest near and in Ramallah. Nimr Khatib put the death toll among the Lydda refugees during the trek eastward at 335"</ref><ref>{{cite web |
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| last = Shavit |
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| first = Ari |
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| authorlink = Ari Shavit |
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| title = Survival of the fittest |
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| publisher = Ha'aretz |
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| date = [[September 1]][[2004]] |
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| url = http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/objects/pages/PrintArticleEn.jhtml?itemNo=380986 |
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| accessdate = 2007-09-12}}Interview with Benny Morris by Ari Shavit. "Shavit: According to your findings, how many acts of Israeli massacre were perpetrated in 1948? |
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Morris: "Twenty-four. In some cases four or five people were executed, in others the numbers were 70, 80, 100. There was also a great deal of arbitrary killing. Two old men are spotted walking in a field - they are shot. A woman is found in an abandoned village - she is shot. There are cases such as the village of Dawayima [in the Hebron region], in which a column entered the village with all guns blazing and killed anything that moved."</ref><ref>{{cite web |
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| last = Tolan |
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| first = Sandy |
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| authorlink = Sandy Tolan |
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| title = Déjà Vu in Gaza |
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| publisher = tomdispatch.com |
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| date = [[July 10]][[2006]] |
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| url = http://tomdispatch.com/post/100409/sandy_tolan_d_j_vu_in_gaza |
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| accessdate = 2007-09-12}}'Yigal Allon, writing in the journal of the Palmach in July 1948, described the military advantages of the mass expulsions: Driving out the citizens of Ramla and Lydda would alleviate the pressure from an armed and hostile population, while clogging the roads toward the Arab Legion front, seriously hampering any effort to retake the towns. Allon also described in detail the psychological operations whereby local kibbutz leaders would "whisper in the ears of some Arabs, that a great Jewish reinforcement has arrived," and that "they should suggest to these Arabs, as their friends, to escape while there is still time ... The tactic reached its goal completely.' |
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</ref><ref name=Gelvin/><ref>{{cite web |
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| last = Rantisi |
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| first = Audeh |
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| authorlink = Audeh G. Rantisi |
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| title = The Lydda Death March |
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| publisher = Americans for Middle East Understanding |
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| date= July - August 2000 |
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| url = http://www.ameu.org/summary1.asp?iid=64 |
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| accessdate = 2007-09-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |
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| title = Lydda |
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| publisher = Leicestershire Holy Land Appeal |
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| url = http://www.leicester-holyland.org.uk/George_Lydda.htm |
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| accessdate = 2007-09-12}}"Israeli soldiers moved into Lydda, ... on 11th July, 1948. 19,000 Palestinians lived in Lydda but its population had been swollen by refugees from Jaffa and from outlying villages to about 40,000. |
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Palestinians taken prisoner were executed in the Dahmash Mosque. The people were forced to leave the town, usually without most of their belongings. Some who were slow to hand over valuables to the Israeli soldiers were killed. |
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This was during a very hot summer. Temperatures reached 40 degrees Celsius. The refugees were short of water. It was three days before they reached safety near Ramallah. By then at least 350 had died of thirst or exhaustion."</ref> |
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<ref>{{cite book |
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| last = Glubb |
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| first = John |
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| authorlink = Sir John Glubb |
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| title = A Soldier with the Arabs |
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| publisher = Hodder and Stoughton |
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| location = London, UK |
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| year = 1957 |
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| pages= page 162}} "Nobody will ever know how many children died" </ref> |
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<ref>{{cite book | last = Gilad | first = Zerubavel | authorlink = Zerubavel Gilad | title = Sefer Hapalmah (The Book of the Palmah), Volume 2 | year = 1956 | publisher = Kibbutz Meuhad Press | location = Tel Aviv, Israel | pages= page 718}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Ashdod|Suqrir]] |
| [[Ashdod|Suqrir]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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<div class="references-small"> |
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<references /> |
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</div> |
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{{Arab-Israeli Conflict}} |
{{Arab-Israeli Conflict}} |
Revision as of 13:51, 19 December 2007
This is a list of massacres committed during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. It is restricted to incidents in which at least 10 civilians or disarmed soldiers were killed deliberately.
Note: In many cases the actual number of killed is uncertain, and many of the facts are disputed. More information can be found in the appropriate articles.
Name | Date | Responsible party | Casualties/Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Suqrir | 29 August 1948 | Givati Brigade of the IDF | 10 Arabs killed[1] |
al-Dawayima | October 29 1948 | Haganah | 80 - 100 Arabs killed |
Safsaf | October 29 1948 | Israeli forces | 50 - 70 Arabs killed |
Saliha | October 30 1948 | Haganah | 70 - 80 Arabs killed[2] |
Eliabun | October 30 1948 | Golani Brigade of the IDF | 13 Arabs killed[3] |
Majd al-Krum | October 30 1948 | Israeli forces | 12 Arabs killed[4] |
Hula | October 1948 | Carmeli Brigade of the IDF | 35 - 58 Arabs killed |
Arab al-Mawasi | November 2 1948 | Israel Defense Forces | 14 Arabs killed |
See also
- List of massacres committed prior to the 1948 Arab-Israeli war
- List of villages depopulated during the Arab-Israeli conflict
- Al-Kabri massacre
References
- ^ Morris, Benny (2004). "Chapter 4: The third wave". The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge, UK ; New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. page 215. ISBN 0-521-81120-1; ISBN 0-521-00967-7 (pbk.).
{{cite book}}
:|pages=
has extra text (help) - ^ James L. Gelvin (2005). The Israel-Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War. Cambridge University Press. p. 137. ISBN 0521852897.
- ^ Robin Miller citing Benny Morris' The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-1949, Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1987, p. 229 & Michael Palumbo's The Palestinian Catastrophe: The 1948 Expulsion of a People from Their Homeland, London: Faber and Faber, 1987, p. 164.
- ^ Robin Miller citing Michael Palumbo’s The Palestinian Catastrophe: The 1948 Expulsion of a People from Their Homeland, London: Faber and Faber, 1987, p. 171 & Nafez Nazzal’s The Palestinian Exodus from Galilee 1948, Beirut: The Institute for Palestinian Studies, 1978 pp. 90-93