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{{Short description|Fishes that are |
{{Short description|Fishes that are acceptable to be eaten by both Jaʽtfari Shia Muslims and Jews}} |
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{{Split|date=August 2022}} |
{{Split|date=August 2022}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}} |
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{{Judaism}} |
{{Judaism}} |
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This is a list of fish that are considered both ''[[halal]]'' by [[ |
This is a list of fish that are considered both ''[[halal]]'', by [[Muslims]], and [[kosher]], by [[Jews]] according to ''[[halakha]]''. |
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== Criteria of inclusion == |
== Criteria of inclusion == |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | In [[Sunni Islam]], there are two general schools of thought. Most Sunni Muslim schools of jurisprudence ([[Shafi'i]], [[Hanbali]], and [[Maliki]]) hold as a general rule that all "sea game" (animals of the sea) are permissible to eat with a few minor exceptions. Thus, for example, the local dish [[Laksa]] (which includes meats such as shrimp and squid with a soup base made from [[shrimp paste]]), is deemed permissible in the Shafi'i Sunni Muslim majority nations of [[Indonesia]] and [[Malaysia]] where it is commonly consumed. |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | Any other sea (or water) creatures which are not fish, therefore, are also [[makruh]] (detestable/abominable, but not strictly forbidden) whether they breathe oxygen from [[water]] through [[gills]] (such as prawns, lobsters and [[crab]]s, which are [[crustacean]]s), [[Molluscs in culture|molluscs]] such as [[clam]]s, [[octopus]], [[mussel]]s and [[squid]], especially if they breathe oxygen from [[air]] through [[lungs]] (such as [[sea turtle]]s and [[sea snake]]s which are [[reptiles]], [[dolphin]]s and [[whale]]s which are [[mammals]], or semi-aquatic animals like [[penguin]]s which are [[birds]], [[saltwater crocodile]]s which are reptiles, [[Pinniped|seals]] which are mammals, and [[frog]]s which are [[amphibians]]).<ref>* {{cite web |author=Muhammad ibn Adam |title=Sea Food in the Four Madhahib |url=http://www.albalagh.net/qa/sea_food_madhahib.shtml |accessdate=27 April 2018}} |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
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⚫ | Under the [[Ja'fari school|Ja'fari]] jurisprudence followed by most [[Shia Islam|Shia Muslims]] (including most [[Twelver Shi'ism|Twelvers]] and [[Isma'ilism|Ismailis]], the largest extant Shia sects), only certain fish are considered permissible for consumption. Any fish without scales are ''[[haram]]'' (forbidden) but fish that do have scales are permissible.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 6, 2022 |title=Is Shrimp Halal? |url=https://halalguidance.com/is-shrimp-halal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605230507/https://halalguidance.com/is-shrimp-halal/ |archive-date=June 5, 2021 |website=Halal Guidance}}</ref> Shia scholars tend to teach that no other aquatic creatures are ''halal'', with the exception of certain edible aquatic crustaceans (i.e., [[Shrimp and prawn as food|shrimps]] but not crabs),<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=July 7, 2022 |title=List of Halal Seafood (Shrimp) |url=https://halalguidance.com/is-shrimp-halal/ |access-date=July 7, 2022 |website=Halal Guidance}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Al-Raad |first=Abdur Raqeeb |date=June 20, 2022 |title=Is Crab Halal or Haram? (Truth Explained) |url=https://www.halalwisdom.com/is-crab-halal-or-haram/#Is_crab_halal_Shia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707035117/https://www.halalwisdom.com/is-crab-halal-or-haram/ |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |access-date=July 7, 2022 |website=Halal Wisdom}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Al-Raad |first=Abdur Raqeeb |date=2021-06-13 |title=Is Shrimp Halal or Haram? (Truth Explained) {{!}} HalalWisdom |url=https://www.halalwisdom.com/is-shrimp-halal-or-haram/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707043628/https://www.halalwisdom.com/is-shrimp-halal-or-haram/ |archive-date=2022-07-07 |access-date=2022-07-07 |website=Halal Wisdom |language=en-US}}</ref> which are also Halal like scaled fish. |
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⚫ | |||
* Both traditions require true [[fish scales]]. Specifically, Jafari Shia Islam excludes octopus exoskeleton,<ref>[http://www.al-islam.org/fasting-and-ramadhan-sheikh-mansour-leghaei/common-halal-and-non-halal-sea-foods Common Halal and Non-Halal Sea Foods]. Al-Islam.org. Retrieved on 25 April 2015</ref><ref>[http://islamic-laws.com/fooddrinks.htm Food & Drink - Permitted & Prohibited] - Islamic-laws.com. Retrieved on 25 April 2015.</ref> and Judaism requires visible scales.<ref name="chabad.org" /> |
* Both traditions require true [[fish scales]]. Specifically, Jafari Shia Islam excludes octopus exoskeleton,<ref>[http://www.al-islam.org/fasting-and-ramadhan-sheikh-mansour-leghaei/common-halal-and-non-halal-sea-foods Common Halal and Non-Halal Sea Foods]. Al-Islam.org. Retrieved on 25 April 2015</ref><ref>[http://islamic-laws.com/fooddrinks.htm Food & Drink - Permitted & Prohibited] - Islamic-laws.com. Retrieved on 25 April 2015.</ref> and Judaism requires visible scales.<ref name="chabad.org" /> |
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* Judaism additionally requires [[fins]], a rule that serves to limit the scope to true [[fish]], and exclude animals with exoskeletons that may be interpreted as scales, such as shrimp.<ref name="chabad.org" /> All true fish with scales have fins, but the converse is not true. |
* Judaism additionally requires [[fins]], a rule that serves to limit the scope to true [[fish]], and exclude animals with exoskeletons that may be interpreted as scales, such as shrimp.<ref name="chabad.org" /> All true fish with scales have fins, but the converse is not true. |
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All fish in this article have true (visible) [[fish scales]], an [[endoskeleton]], [[fins]], and [[gills]] (as opposed to lungs). The requirement for gills is not part of any religious rule, but biologically it is an identifying characteristic of [[Fish|true fish]]. Any animal lacking any of the latter three features is not a fish, and is therefore not valid for this article.<ref name="Margolese">{{cite book|last=Margolese|first |
All fish in this article have true (visible) [[fish scales]], an [[endoskeleton]], [[fins]], and [[gills]] (as opposed to lungs). The requirement for gills is not part of any religious rule, but biologically it is an identifying characteristic of [[Fish|true fish]]. Any animal lacking any of the latter three features is not a fish, and is therefore not valid for this article.<ref name="Margolese">{{cite book |last=Margolese |first=Faranak |title=Off the Derech: Why Observant Jews Leave Judaism : How to Respond to the Challenge |publisher=Createspace |year=2005 |language=English |authorlink=Faranak Margolese}}</ref>{{rp|343}} |
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The rules are relaxed in some Islamic schools of thought, both [[Shia Islam|Shia]] and [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]. Some have looser definitions which include the exoskeleton of [[crustacean]]s as "scales", others yet include the softer exoskeletons of [[prawn]]s as "scales" but exclude the harder exoskeletons of [[lobster]]s. They also differ in the definition of fish, some adopting a loose definition to include all water life ("sea game"). |
The rules are relaxed in some Islamic schools of thought, both [[Shia Islam|Shia]] and [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]. Some have looser definitions which include the exoskeleton of [[crustacean]]s as "scales", others yet include the softer exoskeletons of [[prawn]]s as "scales" but exclude the harder exoskeletons of [[lobster]]s. They also differ in the definition of fish, some adopting a loose definition to include all water life ("sea game"). |
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The definition of "scale" differs from the definitions presented in biology, in that the scales of a kosher fish must be visible to the eye, present in the adult form, and can be easily removed from the skin either by hand or scaling knife.<ref name="chabad.org" /> |
The definition of "scale" differs from the definitions presented in biology, in that the scales of a kosher fish must be visible to the eye, present in the adult form, and can be easily removed from the skin either by hand or scaling knife.<ref name="chabad.org" /> |
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Thus, a grass carp, mirror carp, and salmon are kosher, whereas a shark, whose |
Thus, a grass carp, mirror carp, and salmon are kosher, whereas a shark, whose "scales" are microscopic dermal denticles, a sturgeon, whose scutes can not be easily removed without cutting them out of the body, and a swordfish, which loses all of its scales as an adult, are all not kosher.<ref name="chabad.org" /><ref>Many authorities deem swordfish kosher; see {{cite web|url=https://kosherswordfish.com|title=It is a widespread custom among all Jews to eat swordfish}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is a Dermal Denticle? |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-a-dermal-denticle-2291706 |access-date=2022-07-07 |website=ThoughtCo |language=en}}</ref> |
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When a kosher fish is removed from the water, it is considered "slaughtered |
When a kosher fish is removed from the water, it is considered "slaughtered", and it is unnecessary to ritually kill it in the manner of kosher livestock. However, kosher law explicitly forbids the consumption of a fish while it is still alive.<ref name="chabad.org" /> |
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==== Fish with dairy ==== |
==== Fish with dairy ==== |
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Although |
Although [[Joseph Karo]] of [[Safed]], in his 16th-century legal commentary the ''[[Beit Yosef (book)|Beit Yosef]]'', considers eating milk and fish together to be a health risk,<ref name="beityosef">{{cite web |lang=he |url=https://www.sefaria.org/Beit_Yosef%2C_Yoreh_Deah.87.5.1?lang=bi| website=Sefaria| title=Beit Yosef, Yoreh Deah 87:5:1|trans-quote="Fish and locust are permissible to eat with dairy... In any case, one shouldn't eat them [fish or locust] with dairy because it is dangerous.|access-date=2023-01-26}}</ref> Karo does not mention a prohibition of eating dairy and fish together in the ''[[Shulchan Aruch]]''.<ref name="fish-dairy">{{Cite web|last=Jachter|first=Rabbi Haim|title=A Sephardi Refusing Bagels, Lox and Cream Cheese? Why?|url=http://jewishlinknj.com//features/14355-a-sephardi-refusing-bagels-lox-and-cream-cheese-why|access-date=2021-09-09|website=jewishlinknj.com|language=en-GB}}</ref> |
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Most rabbinic authorities from that time onwards |
Most rabbinic authorities from that time onwards, including almost all [[Ashkenazi]] ones, have ruled that this was a scribal error, and there is neither Talmudic basis nor any other rabbinical precedent for prohibiting milk and fish, and thus permit such mixtures. Indeed, two passages in the [[Babylonian Talmud]] implicitly state that it is entirely permissible.<ref>[[Chullin]] 76b, 111b</ref> |
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Nevertheless, since Karo and other rabbis wrote that milk and fish should not be mixed, there are some Jewish communities whose practice is not to mix them.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.jpost.com/Jewish-World/Judaism/Ask-the-Rabbi-On-eating-fish-with-milk | title= Ask the Rabbi: On eating fish with milk | date=25 February 2011 | first=Shlomo | last=Brody | newspaper=The Jerusalem Post | accessdate=26 June 2019 }}</ref> The [[Chabad]] custom is not to eat fish together with actual milk, but to permit it where other dairy products are involved, so that adding a touch of butter or cream to the milk is sufficient to permit mixing it with fish.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Posner |first1=Menachem |title=May Fish be Consumed with Dairy? Is Lox and Cream Cheese Kosher? |url=https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/815625/jewish/Is-lox-and-cream-cheese-kosher.htm |website=chabad.org}}</ref> |
Nevertheless, since Karo and other rabbis wrote that milk and fish should not be mixed, there are some Jewish communities whose practice is not to mix them.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.jpost.com/Jewish-World/Judaism/Ask-the-Rabbi-On-eating-fish-with-milk | title= Ask the Rabbi: On eating fish with milk | date=25 February 2011 | first=Shlomo | last=Brody | newspaper=The Jerusalem Post | accessdate=26 June 2019 }}</ref> The [[Chabad]] custom is not to eat fish together with actual milk, but to permit it where other dairy products are involved, so that adding a touch of butter or cream to the milk is sufficient to permit mixing it with fish.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Posner |first1=Menachem |title=May Fish be Consumed with Dairy? Is Lox and Cream Cheese Kosher? |url=https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/815625/jewish/Is-lox-and-cream-cheese-kosher.htm |website=chabad.org}}</ref> |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | In [[Sunni Islam]], there are two general schools of thought. Most Sunni Muslim schools of jurisprudence ([[Shafi'i]], [[Hanbali]], and [[Maliki]]) hold as a general rule that all "sea game" (animals of the sea) are permissible to eat with a few minor exceptions. Thus, for example, the local dish [[Laksa]] (which includes meats such as shrimp and squid with a soup base made from [[shrimp paste]]), is deemed permissible in the Shafi'i Sunni Muslim majority nations of [[Indonesia]] and [[Malaysia]] where it is commonly consumed. |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | Any other sea (or water) creatures which are not fish, therefore, are also |
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*{{cite web|url=http://www.albalagh.net/qa/sea_food_madhahib.shtml|author=Muhammad ibn Adam|accessdate=27 April 2018|title=Sea Food in the Four Madhahib}} |
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⚫ | |||
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⚫ | [[Shia Islam]] |
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==List of permitted fish== |
==List of permitted fish== |
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*[[Barracuda]] |
*[[Barracuda]] |
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*[[Atlantic Pomfret]] |
*[[Atlantic Pomfret]] |
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*[[Barramundi]] |
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*[[Bass (fish)|Bass]] |
*[[Bass (fish)|Bass]] |
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*[[Bigeye]] (Family [[Priacanthidae]]) |
*[[Bigeye]] (Family [[Priacanthidae]]) |
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*[[Chromis punctipinnis|Blacksmith]] |
*[[Chromis punctipinnis|Blacksmith]] |
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*[[Atlantic blue marlin|Blue Marlin]] |
*[[Atlantic blue marlin|Blue Marlin]] |
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*Blueback ''[[Alosa aestivalis]]'' |
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*Blueback{{clarify|date=April 2021}} |
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*[[Bluefish]] |
*[[Bluefish]] |
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*[[Bluegill]] |
*[[Bluegill]] |
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*[[Swordfish|Broadbill]] |
*[[Swordfish|Broadbill]] |
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*[[Buffalo fish]] |
*[[Buffalo fish]] |
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*[[Stromateidae|Butter fish]] |
*[[Stromateidae|Butter fish]] |
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*[[Butterfly fish]] |
*[[Butterfly fish]] |
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*[[Comber|Cabrilla]] |
*[[Comber|Cabrilla]] |
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*[[Jacksmelt]] |
*[[Jacksmelt]] |
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*[[John Dory]] |
*[[John Dory]] |
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*Kelpfish{{clarify|date=February 2022}} |
*Kelpfish ''[[Heterostichus rostratus]]'',{{clarify|date=February 2022}} |
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*Kingfish ''[[Scomberomorus cavalla]]'' |
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*Kingfish{{which|date=January 2021}} |
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*[[Ladyfish]] |
*[[Ladyfish]] |
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*Lafayette |
*Lafayette (''[[Leiostomus xanthurus]]'') |
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*[[Lake Herring]] |
*[[Lake Herring]] |
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*[[Largemouth bass]] |
*[[Largemouth bass]] |
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*[[Needlefish]] |
*[[Needlefish]] |
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*[[Opaleye]] |
*[[Opaleye]] |
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*[[Octopus]]<ref>https://wehalal.co/blog/is-octopus-halal/</ref> |
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*[[Trachinotus goodei|Palometa]] |
*[[Trachinotus goodei|Palometa]] |
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*[[Parrotfish]] |
*[[Parrotfish]] |
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*[[Decapterus|Scad]] |
*[[Decapterus|Scad]] |
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*[[Scorpionfish]] |
*[[Scorpionfish]] |
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*[[Scrod]] |
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*[[Scup]] |
*[[Scup]] |
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*[[Bass (fish)|Sea bass]] |
*[[Bass (fish)|Sea bass]] |
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*[[Spot croaker|Spot]] |
*[[Spot croaker|Spot]] |
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*[[Sprat]] |
*[[Sprat]] |
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*[[Squawfish]] |
*[[Ptychocheilus|Squawfish]] |
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*[[Squirrelfish]] |
*[[Squirrelfish]] |
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*[[Rainbow trout|Steelhead]] |
*[[Rainbow trout|Steelhead]] |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[ |
*[https://www.kashrut.com/articles/fish/ Kashrut.com: Kosher and non-kosher fish] (contains scientific names; includes higher [[taxonomic rank]]s) |
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*[http://kosher-maor.com/fish-list/ Kosher-maor.com: The world's largest kosher fish list] (uses scientific names; includes higher [[taxonomic rank]]s) |
*[http://kosher-maor.com/fish-list/ Kosher-maor.com: The world's largest kosher fish list] (uses scientific names; includes higher [[taxonomic rank]]s) |
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Revision as of 16:19, 14 May 2024
Part of a series on |
Judaism |
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This is a list of fish that are considered both halal, by Muslims, and kosher, by Jews according to halakha.
Criteria of inclusion
Halal
Part of a series on Sunni Islam |
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Islam portal |
Part of a series on Shia Islam |
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Shia Islam portal |
Sunni
In Sunni Islam, there are two general schools of thought. Most Sunni Muslim schools of jurisprudence (Shafi'i, Hanbali, and Maliki) hold as a general rule that all "sea game" (animals of the sea) are permissible to eat with a few minor exceptions. Thus, for example, the local dish Laksa (which includes meats such as shrimp and squid with a soup base made from shrimp paste), is deemed permissible in the Shafi'i Sunni Muslim majority nations of Indonesia and Malaysia where it is commonly consumed.
Hanafi
In the Hanafi school, to which the majority of Sunni Muslims belong, only "fish" (as opposed to all "sea game") are permissible, including eel, croaker and hagfish.
Any other sea (or water) creatures which are not fish, therefore, are also makruh (detestable/abominable, but not strictly forbidden) whether they breathe oxygen from water through gills (such as prawns, lobsters and crabs, which are crustaceans), molluscs such as clams, octopus, mussels and squid, especially if they breathe oxygen from air through lungs (such as sea turtles and sea snakes which are reptiles, dolphins and whales which are mammals, or semi-aquatic animals like penguins which are birds, saltwater crocodiles which are reptiles, seals which are mammals, and frogs which are amphibians).[1]
Shia
Under the Ja'fari jurisprudence followed by most Shia Muslims (including most Twelvers and Ismailis, the largest extant Shia sects), only certain fish are considered permissible for consumption. Any fish without scales are haram (forbidden) but fish that do have scales are permissible.[2] Shia scholars tend to teach that no other aquatic creatures are halal, with the exception of certain edible aquatic crustaceans (i.e., shrimps but not crabs),[3][4][5] which are also Halal like scaled fish.
The Ja'fari Shia Islam rules are approximately equivalent to kashrut rules. The two are generally the least inclusive:
- Both traditions require true fish scales. Specifically, Jafari Shia Islam excludes octopus exoskeleton,[6][7] and Judaism requires visible scales.[8]
- Judaism additionally requires fins, a rule that serves to limit the scope to true fish, and exclude animals with exoskeletons that may be interpreted as scales, such as shrimp.[8] All true fish with scales have fins, but the converse is not true.
All fish in this article have true (visible) fish scales, an endoskeleton, fins, and gills (as opposed to lungs). The requirement for gills is not part of any religious rule, but biologically it is an identifying characteristic of true fish. Any animal lacking any of the latter three features is not a fish, and is therefore not valid for this article.[9]: 343
The rules are relaxed in some Islamic schools of thought, both Shia and Sunni. Some have looser definitions which include the exoskeleton of crustaceans as "scales", others yet include the softer exoskeletons of prawns as "scales" but exclude the harder exoskeletons of lobsters. They also differ in the definition of fish, some adopting a loose definition to include all water life ("sea game").
Kosher
According to the chok or divine decrees of the Torah and the Talmud, for a fish to be declared kosher, it must have scales and fins.[8]
The definition of "scale" differs from the definitions presented in biology, in that the scales of a kosher fish must be visible to the eye, present in the adult form, and can be easily removed from the skin either by hand or scaling knife.[8]
Thus, a grass carp, mirror carp, and salmon are kosher, whereas a shark, whose "scales" are microscopic dermal denticles, a sturgeon, whose scutes can not be easily removed without cutting them out of the body, and a swordfish, which loses all of its scales as an adult, are all not kosher.[8][10][11]
When a kosher fish is removed from the water, it is considered "slaughtered", and it is unnecessary to ritually kill it in the manner of kosher livestock. However, kosher law explicitly forbids the consumption of a fish while it is still alive.[8]
Fish with dairy
Although Joseph Karo of Safed, in his 16th-century legal commentary the Beit Yosef, considers eating milk and fish together to be a health risk,[12] Karo does not mention a prohibition of eating dairy and fish together in the Shulchan Aruch.[13]
Most rabbinic authorities from that time onwards, including almost all Ashkenazi ones, have ruled that this was a scribal error, and there is neither Talmudic basis nor any other rabbinical precedent for prohibiting milk and fish, and thus permit such mixtures. Indeed, two passages in the Babylonian Talmud implicitly state that it is entirely permissible.[14]
Nevertheless, since Karo and other rabbis wrote that milk and fish should not be mixed, there are some Jewish communities whose practice is not to mix them.[15] The Chabad custom is not to eat fish together with actual milk, but to permit it where other dairy products are involved, so that adding a touch of butter or cream to the milk is sufficient to permit mixing it with fish.[16]
List of permitted fish
- Albacore
- Alewife
- Amberjack
- Anchovy
- Angelfish
- Ballyhoo
- Barracuda
- Atlantic Pomfret
- Barramundi
- Bass
- Bigeye (Family Priacanthidae)
- Tautog
- Blacksmith
- Blue Marlin
- Blueback Alosa aestivalis
- Bluefish
- Bluegill
- Bocaccio
- Bombay duck
- Bonefish
- Bonito
- Bowfin
- Bream
- Brill
- Broadbill
- Buffalo fish
- Butter fish
- Butterfly fish
- Cabrilla
- Calico bass
- Capelin
- Carp
- Carpsucker
- Cero
- Channel bass
- Char
- Chilean Sea Bass
- Chilipepper (all species of Sebastes rockfish)
- Chup
- Cichlid
- Cigarfish
- Cisco
- Coalfish
- Cobia
- Cod
- Common Snook
- Corbina
- Cottonwick Grunt
- Crappie
- Crevalle Jack
- Croaker
- Crucian carp
- Cubbyu
- Cunner
- Dab
- Damselfish
- Doctorfish
- Eulachon
- Flounder
- Flatfish
- Fluke
- Flyingfish
- Frostfish
- Giant gourami
- Gag grouper Mycteroperca microlepis
- Giant kelpfish
- Gizzard shad
- Goatfish
- Gobies
- Goldeye
- Goldfish
- Grayling
- Graysby
- Greenling
- Grouper
- Grunion
- Grunt
- Guavina
- Haddock
- Hake
- Halfbeak
- Halfmoon
- Halibut
- Hamlet (fish)
- Harvestfish
- Hawkfish
- Herring
- Hind
- Hogchoker
- Hogfish
- Hoki[17]
- Horse mackerel
- Jack mackerel
- Jacks, including Pompanos
- Jacksmelt
- John Dory
- Kelpfish Heterostichus rostratus,[clarification needed]
- Kingfish Scomberomorus cavalla
- Ladyfish
- Lafayette (Leiostomus xanthurus)
- Lake Herring
- Largemouth bass
- Lingcod
- Lizardfish
- Lookdown
- Mackerel
- Mahimahi
- Margate
- Menhaden
- Menpachi
- Milkfish (awa)
- Mojarras
- Mooneye
- Moonfish
- Mossbunker
- Mullet
- Muskellunge
- Mutton hamlet
- Muttonfish
- Needlefish
- Opaleye
- Palometa
- Parrotfish
- Patagonian Toothfish
- Perch
- Permit
- Pickerel
- Pigfish
- Pike
- Pikeperch
- Pilchard
- Pinfish
- Plaice
- Pollock
- Pomfret
- Porkfish
- Poutassou
- Prickleback
- Queenfish
- Quillback
- Redfish
- Roach
- Rock bass
- Rock hind
- Rockfish
- Rose fish
- Rohu
- Rudderfish
- Sablefish
- Saithe
- Salmon
- Sardine
- Sargo
- Sauger
- Scad
- Scorpionfish
- Scrod
- Scup
- Sea bass
- Sea chubs
- Sea perch
- Sea robin
- Sea trout
- Shad
- Sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus)[18][19]
- Sierra
- Silver hake
- Silverside
- Skipjack
- Smallmouth bass
- Smelts
- Sparidae (Porgies and Sea bream)
- Snappers (including Bluestripe)
- Sole
- Spadefish
- Spanish mackerel
- Spearing
- Splittail
- Spot
- Sprat
- Squawfish
- Squirrelfish
- Steelhead
- Striped bass
- Sucker
- Sunfish
- Surfperch
- Surgeonfish
- Tarpon
- Tautog
- Temperate bass
- Tench
- Tenpounder
- Threadfin
- Tigerfish
- Tilapia
- Tilefish
- Tomcod
- Topsmelt
- Tripletail
- Trout
- Tuna
- Turbot
- Wahoo
- Walleye
- Walleye pollock
- Warmouth
- Weakfish
- White fish
- Whiting
- Wrasse
- Yellowtail
- Yellowtail snapper
References
- ^ * Muhammad ibn Adam. "Sea Food in the Four Madhahib". Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- Muhammad ibn Adam. "Is Catfish Halal?". Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- Muhammad ibn Adam. "Is Shark Meat Halal?". Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ "Is Shrimp Halal?". Halal Guidance. 6 July 2022. Archived from the original on 5 June 2021.
- ^ "List of Halal Seafood (Shrimp)". Halal Guidance. 7 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
- ^ Al-Raad, Abdur Raqeeb (20 June 2022). "Is Crab Halal or Haram? (Truth Explained)". Halal Wisdom. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
- ^ Al-Raad, Abdur Raqeeb (13 June 2021). "Is Shrimp Halal or Haram? (Truth Explained) | HalalWisdom". Halal Wisdom. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
- ^ Common Halal and Non-Halal Sea Foods. Al-Islam.org. Retrieved on 25 April 2015
- ^ Food & Drink - Permitted & Prohibited - Islamic-laws.com. Retrieved on 25 April 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f Aryeh Citron, "All About Kosher Fish"
- ^ Margolese, Faranak (2005). Off the Derech: Why Observant Jews Leave Judaism : How to Respond to the Challenge. Createspace.
- ^ Many authorities deem swordfish kosher; see "It is a widespread custom among all Jews to eat swordfish".
- ^ "What Is a Dermal Denticle?". ThoughtCo. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
- ^ "Beit Yosef, Yoreh Deah 87:5:1". Sefaria (in Hebrew). Retrieved 26 January 2023. ["Fish and locust are permissible to eat with dairy... In any case, one shouldn't eat them [fish or locust] with dairy because it is dangerous.]
- ^ Jachter, Rabbi Haim. "A Sephardi Refusing Bagels, Lox and Cream Cheese? Why?". jewishlinknj.com. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
- ^ Chullin 76b, 111b
- ^ Brody, Shlomo (25 February 2011). "Ask the Rabbi: On eating fish with milk". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
- ^ Posner, Menachem. "May Fish be Consumed with Dairy? Is Lox and Cream Cheese Kosher?". chabad.org.
- ^ "Common Kosher and Non Kosher Fish". The Kashrut Authority (Australia). (uses common names)
- ^ "Kosher Fish List". Chabad.org. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
- ^ "List of Halal Fish - Halal Fish List Guide With Fish Names List". Hajj Guides. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
External links
- Kashrut.com: Kosher and non-kosher fish (contains scientific names; includes higher taxonomic ranks)
- Kosher-maor.com: The world's largest kosher fish list (uses scientific names; includes higher taxonomic ranks)