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![[Atomic symbol|Sym]]<br><br> |
![[Atomic symbol|Sym]]<br><br> |
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![[Chemical element|Element]]<br><br> |
![[Chemical element|Element]]<br><br> |
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![[Namesake]]<br><br><ref>[http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table Royal Society of Chemistry - ''Visual Element Periodic Table'']</ref> |
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![[Group (periodic table)|Group]]<br><br> |
![[Group (periodic table)|Group]]<br><br> |
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![[Period (periodic table)|Period]]<br><br> |
![[Period (periodic table)|Period]]<br><br> |
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| -999 || !a || !a || -999 || -999 || -999 || -999 || -999 || -999 || -999 || -999 || -999 |
| -999 || !a || !a || -999 || -999 || -999 || -999 || -999 || -999 || -999 || -999 || -999 |
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| 1 || style="background-color:#a0ffa0" | H || [[Hydrogen]] || N/A || 1 || {{sort|001|1.00794(7)}}{{ref|2|2}} {{ref|3|3}} {{ref|4|4}} {{ref|9|9}} || 0.00008988 || 14.175 || 20.28 || 14.304 || 2.20 || 1400 |
| 1 || style="background-color:#a0ffa0" | H || [[Hydrogen]] || the [[Greek]] 'hydro' and 'genes' meaning ''water forming'' || N/A || 1 || {{sort|001|1.00794(7)}}{{ref|2|2}} {{ref|3|3}} {{ref|4|4}} {{ref|9|9}} || 0.00008988 || 14.175 || 20.28 || 14.304 || 2.20 || 1400 |
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| 2 || style="background-color:#c0ffff" | He || [[Helium]] || 18 || 1 || {{sort|004|4.002602(2)}}{{ref|2|2}} {{ref|4|4}} || 0.0001785 || 0.95{{ref|6|6}} || 4.22 || 5.193 || – || 0.008 |
| 2 || style="background-color:#c0ffff" | He || [[Helium]] || the Greek, 'helios' meaning ''sun'' || 18 || 1 || {{sort|004|4.002602(2)}}{{ref|2|2}} {{ref|4|4}} || 0.0001785 || 0.95{{ref|6|6}} || 4.22 || 5.193 || – || 0.008 |
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| 3 || style="background-color:#ff6666" | Li || [[Lithium]] || 1 || 2 || {{sort|007|6.941(2)}}{{ref|2|2}} {{ref|3|3}} {{ref|4|4}} {{ref|5|5}} {{ref|9|9}} || 0.534 || 453.85 || 1615 || 3.582 || 0.98 || 20 |
| 3 || style="background-color:#ff6666" | Li || [[Lithium]] || the Greek 'lithos' meaning ''stone''|| 1 || 2 || {{sort|007|6.941(2)}}{{ref|2|2}} {{ref|3|3}} {{ref|4|4}} {{ref|5|5}} {{ref|9|9}} || 0.534 || 453.85 || 1615 || 3.582 || 0.98 || 20 |
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| 4 || style="background-color:#ffdead" | Be || [[Beryllium]] || 2 || 2 || {{sort|009|9.012182(3)}} || 1.85 || 1560.15 || 2742 || 1.825 || 1.57 || 2.8 |
| 4 || style="background-color:#ffdead" | Be || [[Beryllium]] || the Greek name for beryl, 'beryllo' || 2 || 2 || {{sort|009|9.012182(3)}} || 1.85 || 1560.15 || 2742 || 1.825 || 1.57 || 2.8 |
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| 5 || style="background-color:#cccc99" | B || [[Boron]] || 13 || 2 || {{sort|011|10.811(7){{ref|2|2}} {{ref|3|3}} {{ref|4|4}}}} {{ref|9|9}} || 2.34 || 2573.15 || 4200 || 1.026 || 2.04 || 10 |
| 5 || style="background-color:#cccc99" | B || [[Boron]] || the [[Arabic]] 'buraq', which was the name for borax || 13 || 2 || {{sort|011|10.811(7){{ref|2|2}} {{ref|3|3}} {{ref|4|4}}}} {{ref|9|9}} || 2.34 || 2573.15 || 4200 || 1.026 || 2.04 || 10 |
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| 6 || style="background-color:#a0ffa0" | C || [[Carbon]] || 14 || 2 || {{sort|012|12.0107(8){{ref|2|2}} {{ref|4|4}}}} {{ref|9|9}} || 2.267 || 3915 (sublimates) || 3915 (sublimates) || 0.709 || 2.55 || 200 |
| 6 || style="background-color:#a0ffa0" | C || [[Carbon]] || the [[Latin]] ‘carbo’, meaning ''charcoal'' || 14 || 2 || {{sort|012|12.0107(8){{ref|2|2}} {{ref|4|4}}}} {{ref|9|9}} || 2.267 || 3915 (sublimates) || 3915 (sublimates) || 0.709 || 2.55 || 200 |
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| 7 || style="background-color:#a0ffa0" | N || [[Nitrogen]] || 15 || 2 || {{sort|014|14.0067(2){{ref|2|2}} {{ref|4|4}}}} {{ref|9|9}} || 0.0012506 || 63.29 || 77.36 || 1.04 || 3.04 || 19 |
| 7 || style="background-color:#a0ffa0" | N || [[Nitrogen]] || the Greek 'nitron' and 'genes' meaning ''nitre forming'' || 15 || 2 || {{sort|014|14.0067(2){{ref|2|2}} {{ref|4|4}}}} {{ref|9|9}} || 0.0012506 || 63.29 || 77.36 || 1.04 || 3.04 || 19 |
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| 8 || style="background-color:#a0ffa0" | O || [[Oxygen]] || 16 || 2 || {{sort|016|15.9994(3){{ref|2|2}} {{ref|4|4}}}} {{ref|9|9}} || 0.001429 || 50.5 || 90.20 || 0.918 || 3.44 || 461000 |
| 8 || style="background-color:#a0ffa0" | O || [[Oxygen]] || the Greek 'oxy' and 'genes' meaning ''acid forming'' || 16 || 2 || {{sort|016|15.9994(3){{ref|2|2}} {{ref|4|4}}}} {{ref|9|9}} || 0.001429 || 50.5 || 90.20 || 0.918 || 3.44 || 461000 |
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| 9 || style="background-color:#ffff99" | F || [[Fluorine]] || 17 || 2 || {{sort|019|18.9984032(5)}} || 0.001696 || 53.63 || 85.03 || 0.824 || 3.98 || 585 |
| 9 || style="background-color:#ffff99" | F || [[Fluorine]] || the Latin 'fluere', meaning ''to flow'' || 17 || 2 || {{sort|019|18.9984032(5)}} || 0.001696 || 53.63 || 85.03 || 0.824 || 3.98 || 585 |
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| 10 || style="background-color:#c0ffff" | Ne || [[Neon]] || 18 || 2 || {{sort|020|20.1797(6){{ref|2|2}} {{ref|3|3}}}} || 0.0008999 || 24.703 || 27.07 || 1.03 || – || 0.005 |
| 10 || style="background-color:#c0ffff" | Ne || [[Neon]] || the Greek 'neos', meaning ''new'' || 18 || 2 || {{sort|020|20.1797(6){{ref|2|2}} {{ref|3|3}}}} || 0.0008999 || 24.703 || 27.07 || 1.03 || – || 0.005 |
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| 11 || style="background-color:#ff6666" | Na || [[Sodium]] || 1 || 3 || {{sort|023|22.98976928(2)}} || 0.971 || 371.15 || 1156 || 1.228 || 0.93 || 23600 |
| 11 || style="background-color:#ff6666" | Na || [[Sodium]] || the [[English]] word ''soda'' (''natrium'' in Latin)<ref name=innvista>[http://www.innvista.com/science/chemistry/elements/etymolo.htm Etymology of Elements]</ref> || 1 || 3 || {{sort|023|22.98976928(2)}} || 0.971 || 371.15 || 1156 || 1.228 || 0.93 || 23600 |
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| 12 || style="background-color:#ffdead" | Mg || [[Magnesium]] || 2 || 3 || {{sort|024|24.3050(6)}} || 1.738 || 923.15 || 1363 || 1.023 || 1.31 || 23300 |
| 12 || style="background-color:#ffdead" | Mg || [[Magnesium]] || [[Magnesia]], a district of Eastern [[Thessaly]] in [[Greece]] || 2 || 3 || {{sort|024|24.3050(6)}} || 1.738 || 923.15 || 1363 || 1.023 || 1.31 || 23300 |
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| 13 || style="background-color:#cccccc" | Al || [[Aluminium]] || 13 || 3 || {{sort|027|26.9815386(8)}} || 2.698 || 933.4 || 2792 || 0.897 || 1.61 || 82300 |
| 13 || style="background-color:#cccccc" | Al || [[Aluminium]] || the Latin name for alum, 'alumen' meaning ''bitter salt'' || 13 || 3 || {{sort|027|26.9815386(8)}} || 2.698 || 933.4 || 2792 || 0.897 || 1.61 || 82300 |
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| 14 || style="background-color:#cccc99" | Si || [[Silicon]] || 14 || 3 || {{sort|028|28.0855(3)}}{{ref|4|4}} {{ref|9|9}} || 2.3296 || 1683.15 || 3538 || 0.705 || 1.9 || 282000 |
| 14 || style="background-color:#cccc99" | Si || [[Silicon]] || the Latin 'silex' or 'silicis', meaning ''flint'' || 14 || 3 || {{sort|028|28.0855(3)}}{{ref|4|4}} {{ref|9|9}} || 2.3296 || 1683.15 || 3538 || 0.705 || 1.9 || 282000 |
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| 15 || style="background-color:#a0ffa0" | P || [[Phosphorus]] || 15 || 3 || {{sort|031|30.973762(2)}} || 1.82 || 317.25 || 553 || 0.769 || 2.19 || 1050 |
| 15 || style="background-color:#a0ffa0" | P || [[Phosphorus]] || the Greek 'phosphoros', meaning ''bringer of light'' || 15 || 3 || {{sort|031|30.973762(2)}} || 1.82 || 317.25 || 553 || 0.769 || 2.19 || 1050 |
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| 16 || style="background-color:#a0ffa0" | S || [[Sulfur]] || 16 || 3 || {{sort|032|32.065(5)}}{{ref|2|2}} {{ref|4|4}} {{ref|9|9}} || 2.067 || 388.51 || 717.8 || 0.71 || 2.58 || 350 |
| 16 || style="background-color:#a0ffa0" | S || [[Sulfur]] || Either from the [[Sanskrit]] 'sulvere', or the Latin 'sulfurium', both names for sulfur<ref name=innvista/> || 16 || 3 || {{sort|032|32.065(5)}}{{ref|2|2}} {{ref|4|4}} {{ref|9|9}} || 2.067 || 388.51 || 717.8 || 0.71 || 2.58 || 350 |
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| 17 || style="background-color:#ffff99" | Cl || [[Chlorine]] || 17 || 3 || {{sort|035|35.453(2)}}{{ref|2|2}} {{ref|3|3}} {{ref|4|4}} {{ref|9|9}} || 0.003214 || 172.31 || 239.11 || 0.479 || 3.16 || 145 |
| 17 || style="background-color:#ffff99" | Cl || [[Chlorine]] || the Greek 'chloros', meaning ''greenish yellow'' || 17 || 3 || {{sort|035|35.453(2)}}{{ref|2|2}} {{ref|3|3}} {{ref|4|4}} {{ref|9|9}} || 0.003214 || 172.31 || 239.11 || 0.479 || 3.16 || 145 |
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| 18 || style="background-color:#c0ffff" | Ar || [[Argon]] || 18 || 3 || {{sort|040|39.948(1)}}{{ref|2|2}} {{ref|4|4}} || 0.0017837 || 83.96 || 87.30 || 0.52 || – || 3.5 |
| 18 || style="background-color:#c0ffff" | Ar || [[Argon]] || the Greek, 'argos', meaning ''idle'' || 18 || 3 || {{sort|040|39.948(1)}}{{ref|2|2}} {{ref|4|4}} || 0.0017837 || 83.96 || 87.30 || 0.52 || – || 3.5 |
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| 19 || style="background-color:#ff6666" | K || [[Potassium]] || 1 || 4 || {{sort|039|39.0983(1)}} || 0.862 || 336.5 || 1032 || 0.757 || 0.82 || 20900 |
| 19 || style="background-color:#ff6666" | K || [[Potassium]] || the English word ''potash'' (''kalium'' in Latin)<ref name=innvista/> || 1 || 4 || {{sort|039|39.0983(1)}} || 0.862 || 336.5 || 1032 || 0.757 || 0.82 || 20900 |
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| 20 || style="background-color:#ffdead" | Ca || [[Calcium]] || 2 || 4 || {{sort|041|40.078(4)}}{{ref|2|2}} || 1.54 || 1112.15 || 1757 || 0.647 || 1 || 41500 |
| 20 || style="background-color:#ffdead" | Ca || [[Calcium]] || the Latin 'calx' meaning ''lime'' || 2 || 4 || {{sort|041|40.078(4)}}{{ref|2|2}} || 1.54 || 1112.15 || 1757 || 0.647 || 1 || 41500 |
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| 21 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Sc || [[Scandium]] || 3 || 4 || {{sort|045|44.955912(6)}} || 2.989 || 1812.15 || 3109 || 0.568 || 1.36 || 22 |
| 21 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Sc || [[Scandium]] || [[Scandinavia]] (with the Latin name ''Scandia'') || 3 || 4 || {{sort|045|44.955912(6)}} || 2.989 || 1812.15 || 3109 || 0.568 || 1.36 || 22 |
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| 22 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Ti || [[Titanium]] || 4 || 4 || {{sort|048|47.867(1)}} || 4.54 || 1933.15 || 3560 || 0.523 || 1.54 || 5650 |
| 22 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Ti || [[Titanium]] || [[Titan (mythology)|Titans]], the sons of the Earth goddess of Greek mythology || 4 || 4 || {{sort|048|47.867(1)}} || 4.54 || 1933.15 || 3560 || 0.523 || 1.54 || 5650 |
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| 23 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | V || [[Vanadium]] || 5 || 4 || {{sort|051|50.9415(1)}} || 6.11 || 2175.15 || 3680 || 0.489 || 1.63 || 120 |
| 23 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | V || [[Vanadium]] || [[Vanadis]], the old [[Norse]] name for the Scandinavian goddess [[Freyja]] || 5 || 4 || {{sort|051|50.9415(1)}} || 6.11 || 2175.15 || 3680 || 0.489 || 1.63 || 120 |
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| 24 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Cr || [[Chromium]] || 6 || 4 || {{sort|052|51.9961(6)}} || 7.15 || 2130.15 || 2944 || 0.449 || 1.66 || 102 |
| 24 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Cr || [[Chromium]] || the Greek 'chroma', meaning ''colour'' || 6 || 4 || {{sort|052|51.9961(6)}} || 7.15 || 2130.15 || 2944 || 0.449 || 1.66 || 102 |
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| 25 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Mn || [[Manganese]] || 7 || 4 || {{sort|055|54.938045(5)}} || 7.44 || 1519.15 || 2334 || 0.479 || 1.55 || 950 |
| 25 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Mn || [[Manganese]] || Either the Latin 'magnes', meaning ''magnet'' or from the ''black magnesium oxide'', 'magnesia nigra' ||7 || 4 || {{sort|055|54.938045(5)}} || 7.44 || 1519.15 || 2334 || 0.479 || 1.55 || 950 |
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| 26 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Fe || [[Iron]] || 8 || 4 || {{sort|056|55.845(2)}} || 7.874 || 1808.15 || 3134 || 0.449 || 1.83 || 56300 |
| 26 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Fe || [[Iron]] || the [[Anglo-Saxon]] name ''iren'' (''ferrum'' in Latin) || 8 || 4 || {{sort|056|55.845(2)}} || 7.874 || 1808.15 || 3134 || 0.449 || 1.83 || 56300 |
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| 27 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Co || [[Cobalt]] || 9 || 4 || {{sort|059|58.933195(5)}} || 8.86 || 1768.15 || 3200 || 0.421 || 1.88 || 25 |
| 27 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Co || [[Cobalt]] || the [[German]] word 'kobald', meaning ''goblin'' || 9 || 4 || {{sort|059|58.933195(5)}} || 8.86 || 1768.15 || 3200 || 0.421 || 1.88 || 25 |
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| 28 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Ni || [[Nickel]] || 10 || 4 || {{sort|058|58.6934(4)}} || 8.912 || 1726.15 || 3186 || 0.444 || 1.91 || 84 |
| 28 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Ni || [[Nickel]] || the shortened of the German 'kupfernickel' meaning either ''devil's copper'' or ''St. Nicholas's copper'' || 10 || 4 || {{sort|058|58.6934(4)}} || 8.912 || 1726.15 || 3186 || 0.444 || 1.91 || 84 |
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| 29 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Cu || [[Copper]] || 11 || 4 || {{sort|064|63.546(3)}}{{ref|4|4}} || 8.96 || 1357.75 || 2835 || 0.385 || 1.9 || 60 |
| 29 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Cu || [[Copper]] || the Old English name ''coper'' in turn derived from the Latin 'Cyprium aes', meaning ''a metal from [[Cyprus]]'' || 11 || 4 || {{sort|064|63.546(3)}}{{ref|4|4}} || 8.96 || 1357.75 || 2835 || 0.385 || 1.9 || 60 |
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| 30 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Zn || [[Zinc]] || 12 || 4 || {{sort|065|65.38(2)}} || 7.134 || 692.88 || 1180 || 0.388 || 1.65 || 70 |
| 30 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Zn || [[Zinc]] || the German, 'zinc', which may in turn be derived from the [[Persian]] word 'sing', meaning ''stone'' || 12 || 4 || {{sort|065|65.38(2)}} || 7.134 || 692.88 || 1180 || 0.388 || 1.65 || 70 |
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| 31 || style="background-color:#cccccc" | Ga || [[Gallium]] || 13 || 4 || {{sort|070|69.723(1)}} || 5.907 || 302.91 || 2477 || 0.371 || 1.81 || 19 |
| 31 || style="background-color:#cccccc" | Ga || [[Gallium]] || [[France]] (with the Latin name ''Gallia'') ||13 || 4 || {{sort|070|69.723(1)}} || 5.907 || 302.91 || 2477 || 0.371 || 1.81 || 19 |
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| 32 || style="background-color:#cccc99" | Ge || [[Germanium]] || 14 || 4 || {{sort|073|72.63(1)}} || 5.323 || 1211.45 || 3106 || 0.32 || 2.01 || 1.5 |
| 32 || style="background-color:#cccc99" | Ge || [[Germanium]] || [[Germany]] (with the Latin name ''Germania'') || 14 || 4 || {{sort|073|72.63(1)}} || 5.323 || 1211.45 || 3106 || 0.32 || 2.01 || 1.5 |
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| 33 || style="background-color:#cccc99" | As || [[Arsenic]] || 15 || 4 || {{sort|075|74.92160(2)}} || 5.776 || 1090.15{{ref|7|7}} || 887 || 0.329 || 2.18 || 1.8 |
| 33 || style="background-color:#cccc99" | As || [[Arsenic]] || the Greek name 'arsenikon' for ''the yellow pigment orpiment'' || 15 || 4 || {{sort|075|74.92160(2)}} || 5.776 || 1090.15{{ref|7|7}} || 887 || 0.329 || 2.18 || 1.8 |
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| 34 || style="background-color:#a0ffa0" | Se || [[Selenium]] || 16 || 4 || {{sort|079|78.96(3)}}{{ref|4|4}} || 4.809 || 494.15 || 958 || 0.321 || 2.55 || 0.05 |
| 34 || style="background-color:#a0ffa0" | Se || [[Selenium]] || [[Moon]] (with the Greek name ''selene'') || 16 || 4 || {{sort|079|78.96(3)}}{{ref|4|4}} || 4.809 || 494.15 || 958 || 0.321 || 2.55 || 0.05 |
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| 35 || style="background-color:#ffff99" | Br || [[Bromine]] || 17 || 4 || {{sort|080|79.904(1)}} || 3.122 || 266.05 || 332.0 || 0.474 || 2.96 || 2.4 |
| 35 || style="background-color:#ffff99" | Br || [[Bromine]] || the Greek 'bromos' meaning ''stench'' || 17 || 4 || {{sort|080|79.904(1)}} || 3.122 || 266.05 || 332.0 || 0.474 || 2.96 || 2.4 |
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| 36 || style="background-color:#c0ffff" | Kr || [[Krypton]] || 18 || 4 || {{sort|084|83.798(2)}}{{ref|2|2}} {{ref|3|3}} || 0.003733 || 115.93 || 119.93 || 0.248 || 3 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
| 36 || style="background-color:#c0ffff" | Kr || [[Krypton]] || the Greek 'kryptos', meaning ''hidden'' || 18 || 4 || {{sort|084|83.798(2)}}{{ref|2|2}} {{ref|3|3}} || 0.003733 || 115.93 || 119.93 || 0.248 || 3 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
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| 37 || style="background-color:#ff6666" | Rb || [[Rubidium]] || 1 || 5 || {{sort|085|85.4678(3)}}{{ref|2|2}} || 1.532 || 312.79 || 961 || 0.363 || 0.82 || 90 |
| 37 || style="background-color:#ff6666" | Rb || [[Rubidium]] || the Latin 'rubidius', meaning ''deepest red'' || 1 || 5 || {{sort|085|85.4678(3)}}{{ref|2|2}} || 1.532 || 312.79 || 961 || 0.363 || 0.82 || 90 |
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| 38 || style="background-color:#ffdead" | Sr || [[Strontium]] || 2 || 5 || {{sort|087|87.62(1)}}{{ref|2|2}} {{ref|4|4}} || 2.64 || 1042.15 || 1655 || 0.301 || 0.95 || 370 |
| 38 || style="background-color:#ffdead" | Sr || [[Strontium]] || [[Strontian]], a small town in [[Scotland]] || 2 || 5 || {{sort|087|87.62(1)}}{{ref|2|2}} {{ref|4|4}} || 2.64 || 1042.15 || 1655 || 0.301 || 0.95 || 370 |
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| 39 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Y || [[Yttrium]] || 3 || 5 || {{sort|089|88.90585(2)}} || 4.469 || 1799.15 || 3609 || 0.298 || 1.22 || 33 |
| 39 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Y || [[Yttrium]] || [[Ytterby]], [[Sweden]] || 3 || 5 || {{sort|089|88.90585(2)}} || 4.469 || 1799.15 || 3609 || 0.298 || 1.22 || 33 |
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| 40 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Zr || [[Zirconium]] || 4 || 5 || {{sort|091|91.224(2)}}{{ref|2|2}} || 6.506 || 2125.15 || 4682 || 0.278 || 1.33 ||165 |
| 40 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Zr || [[Zirconium]] || the Arabic 'zargun', meaning ''gold coloured'' || 4 || 5 || {{sort|091|91.224(2)}}{{ref|2|2}} || 6.506 || 2125.15 || 4682 || 0.278 || 1.33 ||165 |
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| 41 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Nb || [[Niobium]] || 5 || 5 || {{sort|093|92.90638(2)}} || 8.57 || 2741.15 || 5017 || 0.265 || 1.6 || 20 |
| 41 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Nb || [[Niobium]] || [[Niobe]], daughter of king [[Tantalus]] from Greek mythology || 5 || 5 || {{sort|093|92.90638(2)}} || 8.57 || 2741.15 || 5017 || 0.265 || 1.6 || 20 |
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| 42 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Mo || [[Molybdenum]] || 6 || 5 || {{sort|096|95.96(2)}}{{ref|2|2}} || 10.22 || 2890.15 || 4912 || 0.251 || 2.16 || 1.2 |
| 42 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Mo || [[Molybdenum]] || the Greek 'molybdos' meaning ''lead'' || 6 || 5 || {{sort|096|95.96(2)}}{{ref|2|2}} || 10.22 || 2890.15 || 4912 || 0.251 || 2.16 || 1.2 |
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| 43 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Tc || [[Technetium]] || 7 || 5 || {{sort|098|[98]{{ref|1|1}}}} || 11.5 || 2473.15 || 5150 || – || 1.9 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
| 43 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Tc || [[Technetium]] || the Greek 'tekhnetos' meaning ''artificial'' || 7 || 5 || {{sort|098|[98]{{ref|1|1}}}} || 11.5 || 2473.15 || 5150 || – || 1.9 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
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| 44 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Ru || [[Ruthenium]] || 8 || 5 || 101.07(2){{ref|2|2}} || 12.37 || 2523.15 || 4423 || 0.238 || 2.2 || 0.001 |
| 44 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Ru || [[Ruthenium]] || [[Russia]] (with the Latin name ''Ruthenia'') || 8 || 5 || 101.07(2){{ref|2|2}} || 12.37 || 2523.15 || 4423 || 0.238 || 2.2 || 0.001 |
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||
| 45 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Rh || [[Rhodium]] || 9 || 5 || 102.90550(2) || 12.41 || 2239.15 || 3968 || 0.243 || 2.28 || 0.001 |
| 45 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Rh || [[Rhodium]] || the Greek 'rhodon', meaning ''rose coloured'' || 9 || 5 || 102.90550(2) || 12.41 || 2239.15 || 3968 || 0.243 || 2.28 || 0.001 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 46 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Pd || [[Palladium]] || 10 || 5 || 106.42(1){{ref|2|2}} || 12.02 || 1825.15 || 3236 || 0.244 || 2.2 || 0.015 |
| 46 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Pd || [[Palladium]] || [[Athena]] (Pallas Athena), the goddess of wisdom from Greek mythology || 10 || 5 || 106.42(1){{ref|2|2}} || 12.02 || 1825.15 || 3236 || 0.244 || 2.2 || 0.015 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 47 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Ag || [[Silver]] || 11 || 5 || 107.8682(2){{ref|2|2}} || 10.501 || 1234.15 || 2435 || 0.235 || 1.93 || 0.075 |
| 47 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Ag || [[Silver]] || the [[Anglo-Saxon]] name ''siolfur'' (''argentum'' in Latin)<ref name=innvista/> || 11 || 5 || 107.8682(2){{ref|2|2}} || 10.501 || 1234.15 || 2435 || 0.235 || 1.93 || 0.075 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 48 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Cd || [[Cadmium]] || 12 || 5 || 112.411(8){{ref|2|2}} || 8.69 || 594.33 || 1040 || 0.232 || 1.69 || 0.159 |
| 48 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Cd || [[Cadmium]] || the Latin name for the mineral calmine, 'cadmia' || 12 || 5 || 112.411(8){{ref|2|2}} || 8.69 || 594.33 || 1040 || 0.232 || 1.69 || 0.159 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 49 || style="background-color:#cccccc" | In || [[Indium]] || 13 || 5 || 114.818(3) || 7.31 || 429.91 || 2345 || 0.233 || 1.78 || 0.25 |
| 49 || style="background-color:#cccccc" | In || [[Indium]] || the Latin 'indicium', meaning ''violet'' or ''indigo''|| 13 || 5 || 114.818(3) || 7.31 || 429.91 || 2345 || 0.233 || 1.78 || 0.25 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 50 || style="background-color:#cccccc" | Sn || [[Tin]] || 14 || 5 || 118.710(7){{ref|2|2}} || 7.287 || 505.21 || 2875 || 0.228 || 1.96 || 2.3 |
| 50 || style="background-color:#cccccc" | Sn || [[Tin]] || the Anglo-Saxon word ''tin'' (''stannum'' in Latin, meaning ''hard'') || 14 || 5 || 118.710(7){{ref|2|2}} || 7.287 || 505.21 || 2875 || 0.228 || 1.96 || 2.3 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 51 || style="background-color:#cccc99" | Sb || [[Antimony]] || 15 || 5 || 121.760(1){{ref|2|2}} || 6.685 || 904.05 || 1860 || 0.207 || 2.05 || 0.2 |
| 51 || style="background-color:#cccc99" | Sb || [[Antimony]] || the Greek 'anti - monos', meaning ''not alone'' (''stibium'' in Latin) || 15 || 5 || 121.760(1){{ref|2|2}} || 6.685 || 904.05 || 1860 || 0.207 || 2.05 || 0.2 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 52 || style="background-color:#cccc99" | Te || [[Tellurium]] || 16 || 5 || 127.60(3){{ref|2|2}} || 6.232 || 722.8 || 1261 || 0.202 || 2.1 || 0.001 |
| 52 || style="background-color:#cccc99" | Te || [[Tellurium]] || [[Earth]], the third planet on [[solar system]] (with the Latin word ''tellus'') || 16 || 5 || 127.60(3){{ref|2|2}} || 6.232 || 722.8 || 1261 || 0.202 || 2.1 || 0.001 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 53 || style="background-color:#ffff99" | I || [[Iodine]] || 17 || 5 || 126.90447(3) || 4.93 || 386.65 || 457.4 || 0.214 || 2.66 || 0.45 |
| 53 || style="background-color:#ffff99" | I || [[Iodine]] || the Greek 'iodes' meaning ''violet'' || 17 || 5 || 126.90447(3) || 4.93 || 386.65 || 457.4 || 0.214 || 2.66 || 0.45 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 54 || style="background-color:#c0ffff" | Xe || [[Xenon]] || 18 || 5 || 131.293(6){{ref|2|2}} {{ref|3|3}} || 0.005887 || 161.45 || 165.03 || 0.158 || 2.6 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
| 54 || style="background-color:#c0ffff" | Xe || [[Xenon]] || the Greek 'xenos' meaning ''stranger'' || 18 || 5 || 131.293(6){{ref|2|2}} {{ref|3|3}} || 0.005887 || 161.45 || 165.03 || 0.158 || 2.6 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 55 || style="background-color:#ff6666" | Cs || [[Caesium]] || 1 || 6 || 132.9054519(2) || 1.873 || 301.7 || 944 || 0.242 || 0.79 || 3 |
| 55 || style="background-color:#ff6666" | Cs || [[Caesium]] || the Latin 'caesius', meaning ''sky blue'' || 1 || 6 || 132.9054519(2) || 1.873 || 301.7 || 944 || 0.242 || 0.79 || 3 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 56 || style="background-color:#ffdead" | Ba || [[Barium]] || 2 || 6 || 137.327(7) || 3.594 || 1002.15 || 2170 || 0.204 || 0.89 || 425 |
| 56 || style="background-color:#ffdead" | Ba || [[Barium]] || the Greek 'barys', meaning ''heavy'' || 2 || 6 || 137.327(7) || 3.594 || 1002.15 || 2170 || 0.204 || 0.89 || 425 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 57 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | La || [[Lanthanum]] || || 6 || 138.90547(7){{ref|2|2}} || 6.145 || 1193.15 || 3737 || 0.195 || 1.1 || 39 |
| 57 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | La || [[Lanthanum]] || the Greek 'lanthanein', meaning ''to lie hidden'' || || 6 || 138.90547(7){{ref|2|2}} || 6.145 || 1193.15 || 3737 || 0.195 || 1.1 || 39 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 58 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | Ce || [[Cerium]] || || 6 || 140.116(1){{ref|2|2}} || 6.77 || 1071.15 || 3716 || 0.192 || 1.12 || 66.5 |
| 58 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | Ce || [[Cerium]] || [[Ceres (Roman mythology)|Ceres]], the [[Roman]] God of agriculture || || 6 || 140.116(1){{ref|2|2}} || 6.77 || 1071.15 || 3716 || 0.192 || 1.12 || 66.5 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 59 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | Pr || [[Praseodymium]] || || 6 || 140.90765(2) || 6.773 || 1204.15 || 3793 || 0.193 || 1.13 || 9.2 |
| 59 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | Pr || [[Praseodymium]] || the Greek 'prasios didymos' meaning ''green twin'' || || 6 || 140.90765(2) || 6.773 || 1204.15 || 3793 || 0.193 || 1.13 || 9.2 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 60 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | Nd || [[Neodymium]] || || 6 || 144.242(3){{ref|2|2}} || 7.007 || 1289.15 || 3347 || 0.19 || 1.14 || 41.5 |
| 60 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | Nd || [[Neodymium]] || the Greek 'neos didymos' meaning ''new twin'' || || 6 || 144.242(3){{ref|2|2}} || 7.007 || 1289.15 || 3347 || 0.19 || 1.14 || 41.5 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 61 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | Pm || [[Promethium]] || || 6 || {{sort|145|[145]{{ref|1|1}}}} || 7.26 || 1204.15 || 3273 || – || – || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
| 61 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | Pm || [[Promethium]] || [[Prometheus]] of Greek mythology who stole fire from the Gods and gave it to humans || || 6 || {{sort|145|[145]{{ref|1|1}}}} || 7.26 || 1204.15 || 3273 || – || – || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 62 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | Sm || [[Samarium]] || || 6 || 150.36(2){{ref|2|2}} || 7.52 || 1345.15 || 2067 || 0.197 || 1.17 || 7.05 |
| 62 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | Sm || [[Samarium]] || [[Samarskite]], the name of the mineral from which it was first isolated || || 6 || 150.36(2){{ref|2|2}} || 7.52 || 1345.15 || 2067 || 0.197 || 1.17 || 7.05 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 63 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | Eu || [[Europium]] || || 6 || 151.964(1){{ref|2|2}} || 5.243 || 1095.15 || 1802 || 0.182 || 1.2 || 2 |
| 63 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | Eu || [[Europium]] || [[Europe]] || || 6 || 151.964(1){{ref|2|2}} || 5.243 || 1095.15 || 1802 || 0.182 || 1.2 || 2 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 64 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | Gd || [[Gadolinium]] || || 6 || 157.25(3){{ref|2|2}} || 7.895 || 1585.15 || 3546 || 0.236 || 1.2 || 6.2 |
| 64 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | Gd || [[Gadolinium]] || [[Johan Gadolin]], chemist, physicist and mineralogist || || 6 || 157.25(3){{ref|2|2}} || 7.895 || 1585.15 || 3546 || 0.236 || 1.2 || 6.2 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 65 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | Tb || [[Terbium]] || || 6 || 158.92535(2) || 8.229 || 1630.15 || 3503 || 0.182 || 1.2 || 1.2 |
| 65 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | Tb || [[Terbium]] || Ytterby, Sweden || || 6 || 158.92535(2) || 8.229 || 1630.15 || 3503 || 0.182 || 1.2 || 1.2 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 66 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | Dy || [[Dysprosium]] || || 6 || 162.500(1){{ref|2|2}} || 8.55 || 1680.15 || 2840 || 0.17 || 1.22 || 5.2 |
| 66 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | Dy || [[Dysprosium]] || the Greek 'dysprositos', meaning ''hard to get'' || || 6 || 162.500(1){{ref|2|2}} || 8.55 || 1680.15 || 2840 || 0.17 || 1.22 || 5.2 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 67 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | Ho || [[Holmium]] || || 6 || 164.93032(2) || 8.795 || 1743.15 || 2993 || 0.165 || 1.23 || 1.3 |
| 67 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | Ho || [[Holmium]] || [[Stockholm]], Sweden (with the Latin name ''Holmia'') || ||6 || 164.93032(2) || 8.795 || 1743.15 || 2993 || 0.165 || 1.23 || 1.3 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 68 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | Er || [[Erbium]] || || 6 || 167.259(3){{ref|2|2}} || 9.066 || 1795.15 || 3503 || 0.168 || 1.24 || 3.5 |
| 68 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | Er || [[Erbium]] || Ytterby, Sweden || ||6 || 167.259(3){{ref|2|2}} || 9.066 || 1795.15 || 3503 || 0.168 || 1.24 || 3.5 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 69 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | Tm || [[Thulium]] || || 6 || 168.93421(2) || 9.321 || 1818.15 || 2223 || 0.16 || 1.25 || 0.52 |
| 69 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | Tm || [[Thulium]] || [[Thule]], the ancient name for Scandinavia || ||6 || 168.93421(2) || 9.321 || 1818.15 || 2223 || 0.16 || 1.25 || 0.52 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 70 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | Yb || [[Ytterbium]] || || 6 || 173.054(5){{ref|2|2}} || 6.965 || 1097.15 || 1469 || 0.155 || 1.1 || 3.2 |
| 70 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | Yb || [[Ytterbium]] || Ytterby, Sweden || ||6 || 173.054(5){{ref|2|2}} || 6.965 || 1097.15 || 1469 || 0.155 || 1.1 || 3.2 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 71 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | Lu || [[Lutetium]] || 3 || 6 || 174.9668(1){{ref|2|2}} || 9.84 || 1936.15 || 3675 || 0.154 || 1.27 || 0.8 |
| 71 || style="background-color:#ffbfff" | Lu || [[Lutetium]] ||[[Paris]], France (with the Roman name ''Lutetia'') || 3 || 6 || 174.9668(1){{ref|2|2}} || 9.84 || 1936.15 || 3675 || 0.154 || 1.27 || 0.8 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 72 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Hf || [[Hafnium]] || 4 || 6 || 178.49(2) || 13.31 || 2500.15 || 4876 || 0.144 || 1.3 || 3 |
| 72 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Hf || [[Hafnium]] ||[[Copenhagen]], Denmark (with the Latin name ''Hafnia'')|| 4 || 6 || 178.49(2) || 13.31 || 2500.15 || 4876 || 0.144 || 1.3 || 3 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 73 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Ta || [[Tantalum]] || 5 || 6 || 180.94788(2) || 16.654 || 3269.15 || 5731 || 0.14 || 1.5 || 2 |
| 73 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Ta || [[Tantalum]] || King [[Tantalus]], father of Niobe from Greek mythology || 5 || 6 || 180.94788(2) || 16.654 || 3269.15 || 5731 || 0.14 || 1.5 || 2 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 74 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | W || [[Tungsten]] || 6 || 6 || 183.84(1) || 19.25 || 3680.15 || 5828 || 0.132 || 2.36 || 1.3 |
| 74 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | W || [[Tungsten]] || the Swedish 'tung sten' meaning ''heavy stone'' (W is ''wolfram'', the old name of the tungstenn mineral wolframite)<ref name=innvista/> || 6 || 6 || 183.84(1) || 19.25 || 3680.15 || 5828 || 0.132 || 2.36 || 1.3 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 75 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Re || [[Rhenium]] || 7 || 6 || 186.207(1) || 21.02 || 3453.15 || 5869 || 0.137 || 1.9 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
| 75 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Re || [[Rhenium]] || [[Rhine]], a river that flows from [[Grisons]] in the eastern [[Swiss Alps]] to the [[North Sea]] coast in the [[Netherlands]] (with the Latin name ''Rhenia'') || 7 || 6 || 186.207(1) || 21.02 || 3453.15 || 5869 || 0.137 || 1.9 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 76 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Os || [[Osmium]] || 8 || 6 || 190.23(3){{ref|2|2}} || 22.61 || 3300.15 || 5285 || 0.13 || 2.2 || 0.002 |
| 76 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Os || [[Osmium]] || the Greek 'osme', meaning ''smell''|| 8 || 6 || 190.23(3){{ref|2|2}} || 22.61 || 3300.15 || 5285 || 0.13 || 2.2 || 0.002 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 77 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Ir || [[Iridium]] || 9 || 6 || 192.217(3) || 22.56 || 2716.15 || 4701 || 0.131 || 2.2 || 0.001 |
| 77 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Ir || [[Iridium]] || [[Iris]], the Greek goddess of the rainbow || 9 || 6 || 192.217(3) || 22.56 || 2716.15 || 4701 || 0.131 || 2.2 || 0.001 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 78 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Pt || [[Platinum]] || 10 || 6 || 195.084(9) || 21.46 || 2045.15 || 4098 || 0.133 || 2.28 || 0.005 |
| 78 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Pt || [[Platinum]] || the [[Spanish]] 'platina', meaning ''little silver''|| 10 || 6 || 195.084(9) || 21.46 || 2045.15 || 4098 || 0.133 || 2.28 || 0.005 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 79 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Au || [[Gold]] || 11 || 6 || 196.966569(4) || 19.282 || 1337.73 || 3129 || 0.129 || 2.54 || 0.004 |
| 79 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Au || [[Gold]] || the Anglo-Saxon word ''gold'', from Latin ''geolo'', meaning yellow (aurum in Latin, meaning ''glow of sunrise'')<ref name=innvista/> || 11 || 6 || 196.966569(4) || 19.282 || 1337.73 || 3129 || 0.129 || 2.54 || 0.004 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 80 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Hg || [[Mercury element|Mercury]] || 12 || 6 || 200.59(2) || 13.5336 || 234.43 || 630 || 0.14 || 2 || 0.085 |
| 80 || style="background-color:#ffc0c0" | Hg || [[Mercury element|Mercury]] || [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]], the first planet on [[solar system]] || 12 || 6 || 200.59(2) || 13.5336 || 234.43 || 630 || 0.14 || 2 || 0.085 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 81 || style="background-color:#cccccc" | Tl || [[Thallium]] || 13 || 6 || 204.3833(2){{ref|9|9}} || 11.85 || 577.15 || 1746 || 0.129 || 1.62 || 0.85 |
| 81 || style="background-color:#cccccc" | Tl || [[Thallium]] || the Greek 'thallos', meaning ''a green twig'' || 13 || 6 || 204.3833(2){{ref|9|9}} || 11.85 || 577.15 || 1746 || 0.129 || 1.62 || 0.85 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 82 || style="background-color:#cccccc" | Pb || [[Lead]] || 14 || 6 || 207.2(1){{ref|2|2}} {{ref|4|4}} || 11.342 || 600.75 || 2022 || 0.129 || 2.33 || 14 |
| 82 || style="background-color:#cccccc" | Pb || [[Lead]] || the Anglo-Saxon ''lead'' (''plumbum'' in Latin)<ref name=innvista/>|| 14 || 6 || 207.2(1){{ref|2|2}} {{ref|4|4}} || 11.342 || 600.75 || 2022 || 0.129 || 2.33 || 14 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 83 || style="background-color:#cccccc" | Bi || [[Bismuth]] || 15 || 6 || 208.98040(1){{ref|1|1}} || 9.807 || 544.67 || 1837 || 0.122 || 2.02 || 0.009 |
| 83 || style="background-color:#cccccc" | Bi || [[Bismuth]] || the German 'Bisemutum' a corruption of 'Weisse Masse' meaning ''white mass'' || 15 || 6 || 208.98040(1){{ref|1|1}} || 9.807 || 544.67 || 1837 || 0.122 || 2.02 || 0.009 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 84 || style="background-color:#cccc99" | Po || [[Polonium]] || 16 || 6 || {{sort|209|[209]}}{{ref|1|1}} || 9.32 || 527.15 || 1235 || – || 2 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
| 84 || style="background-color:#cccc99" | Po || [[Polonium]] || [[Poland]], the native country of [[Marie Curie]], who first isolated the element || 16 || 6 || {{sort|209|[209]}}{{ref|1|1}} || 9.32 || 527.15 || 1235 || – || 2 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 85 || style="background-color:#ffff99" | At || [[Astatine]] || 17 || 6 || {{sort|210|[210]}}{{ref|1|1}} || 7 || 575.15 || 610 || – || 2.2 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
| 85 || style="background-color:#ffff99" | At || [[Astatine]] || the Greek 'astatos', meaning ''unstable'' || 17 || 6 || {{sort|210|[210]}}{{ref|1|1}} || 7 || 575.15 || 610 || – || 2.2 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 86 || style="background-color:#c0ffff" | Rn || [[Radon]] || 18 || 6 || {{sort|222|[222]}}{{ref|1|1}} || 0.00973 || 202.15 || 211.3 || 0.094 || – || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
| 86 || style="background-color:#c0ffff" | Rn || [[Radon]] || From ''radium'', as it was first detected as an emission from radium during radioactive decay || 18 || 6 || {{sort|222|[222]}}{{ref|1|1}} || 0.00973 || 202.15 || 211.3 || 0.094 || – || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 87 || style="background-color:#ff6666" | Fr || [[Francium]] || 1 || 7 || {{sort|223|[223]{{ref|1|1}}}} || 1.87 || 300.15 || 950 || – || 0.7 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
| 87 || style="background-color:#ff6666" | Fr || [[Francium]] || France || 1 || 7 || {{sort|223|[223]{{ref|1|1}}}} || 1.87 || 300.15 || 950 || – || 0.7 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 88 || style="background-color:#ffdead" | Ra || [[Radium]] || 2 || 7 || {{sort|223|[226]}}{{ref|1|1}} || 5.5 || 973.15 || 2010 || – || 0.9 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
| 88 || style="background-color:#ffdead" | Ra || [[Radium]] || the Latin 'radius', meaning ''ray'' || 2 || 7 || {{sort|223|[226]}}{{ref|1|1}} || 5.5 || 973.15 || 2010 || – || 0.9 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 89 || style="background-color:#ff99cc" | Ac || [[Actinium]] || || 7 || {{sort|227|[227]}}{{ref|1|1}} || 10.07 || 1323.15 || 3471 || 0.12 || 1.1 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
| 89 || style="background-color:#ff99cc" | Ac || [[Actinium]] || the Greek 'actinos', meaning ''a ray''|| || 7 || {{sort|227|[227]}}{{ref|1|1}} || 10.07 || 1323.15 || 3471 || 0.12 || 1.1 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 90 || style="background-color:#ff99cc" | Th || [[Thorium]] || || 7 || 232.03806(2){{ref|1|1}} {{ref|2|2}} || 11.72 || 2028.15 || 5061 || 0.113 || 1.3 || 9.6 |
| 90 || style="background-color:#ff99cc" | Th || [[Thorium]] || [[Thor]], the Scandinavian god of war || || 7 || 232.03806(2){{ref|1|1}} {{ref|2|2}} || 11.72 || 2028.15 || 5061 || 0.113 || 1.3 || 9.6 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 91 || style="background-color:#ff99cc" | Pa || [[Protactinium]] || || 7 || 231.03588(2){{ref|1|1}} || 15.37 || 1873.15 || 4300 || – || 1.5 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
| 91 || style="background-color:#ff99cc" | Pa || [[Protactinium]] || the Greek 'protos', meaning ''first'', as a prefix to the element actinium, which is produced through the radioactive decay of proactinium || || 7 || 231.03588(2){{ref|1|1}} || 15.37 || 1873.15 || 4300 || – || 1.5 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 92 || style="background-color:#ff99cc" | U || [[Uranium]] || || 7 || 238.02891(3){{ref|1|1}} || 18.95 || 1405.15 || 4404 || 0.116 || 1.38 || 2.7 |
| 92 || style="background-color:#ff99cc" | U || [[Uranium]] || [[Uranus]], the seventh planet in solar system || 7 || 238.02891(3){{ref|1|1}} || 18.95 || 1405.15 || 4404 || 0.116 || 1.38 || 2.7 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 93 || style="background-color:#ff99cc" | Np || [[Neptunium]] || || 7 || {{sort|237|[237]}}{{ref|1|1}} || 20.45 || 913.15 || 4273 || – || 1.36 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
| 93 || style="background-color:#ff99cc" | Np || [[Neptunium]] || [[Neptune]], the eighth planet in solar system || || 7 || {{sort|237|[237]}}{{ref|1|1}} || 20.45 || 913.15 || 4273 || – || 1.36 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 94 || style="background-color:#ff99cc" | Pu || [[Plutonium]] || || 7 || {{sort|244|[244]}}{{ref|1|1}} || 19.84 || 913.15 || 3501 || – || 1.28 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
| 94 || style="background-color:#ff99cc" | Pu || [[Plutonium]] || [[Pluto]], a dwarf planet in solar system || || 7 || {{sort|244|[244]}}{{ref|1|1}} || 19.84 || 913.15 || 3501 || – || 1.28 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 95 || style="background-color:#ff99cc" | Am || [[Americium]] || || 7 || {{sort|243|[243]}}{{ref|1|1}} || 13.69 || 1267.15 || 2880 || – || 1.3 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
| 95 || style="background-color:#ff99cc" | Am || [[Americium]] || [[United States of America|USA]], where this element first made|| || 7 || {{sort|243|[243]}}{{ref|1|1}} || 13.69 || 1267.15 || 2880 || – || 1.3 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 96 || style="background-color:#ff99cc" | Cm || [[Curium]] || || 7 || {{sort|247|[247]}}{{ref|1|1}} || 13.51 || 1340.15 || 3383 || – || 1.3 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
| 96 || style="background-color:#ff99cc" | Cm || [[Curium]] || [[Pierre Curie]], a French physicist, and [[Marie Curie]], a French-Polish physicist and chemist || || 7 || {{sort|247|[247]}}{{ref|1|1}} || 13.51 || 1340.15 || 3383 || – || 1.3 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 97 || style="background-color:#ff99cc" | Bk || [[Berkelium]] || || 7 || {{sort|247|[247]}}{{ref|1|1}} || 14.79 || 1259.15 || 983 || – || 1.3 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
| 97 || style="background-color:#ff99cc" | Bk || [[Berkelium]] || [[Berkley]], [[California]], USA, where this element first made || || 7 || {{sort|247|[247]}}{{ref|1|1}} || 14.79 || 1259.15 || 983 || – || 1.3 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 98 || style="background-color:#ff99cc" | Cf || [[Californium]] || || 7 || {{sort|251|[251]}}{{ref|1|1}} || 15.1 || 1925.15 || 1173 || – || 1.3 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
| 98 || style="background-color:#ff99cc" | Cf || [[Californium]] || [[State of California]], USA, where this element first made || || 7 || {{sort|251|[251]}}{{ref|1|1}} || 15.1 || 1925.15 || 1173 || – || 1.3 || {{sort|.0001|<0.001}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 99 || style="background-color:#ff99cc" | Es || [[Einsteinium]] || || 7 || {{sort|252|[252]}}{{ref|1|1}} || 13.5 || 1133.15 || – || – || 1.3 || {{sort|0|0}} {{ref|8|8}} |
| 99 || style="background-color:#ff99cc" | Es || [[Einsteinium]] || [[Albert Einstein]], physicist || || 7 || {{sort|252|[252]}}{{ref|1|1}} || 13.5 || 1133.15 || – || – || 1.3 || {{sort|0|0}} {{ref|8|8}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 100 || style="background-color:#ff99cc" | Fm || [[Fermium]] || || 7 || {{sort|257|[257]}}{{ref|1|1}} || – || 1800 || – || – || 1.3 || {{sort|0|0}} {{ref|8|8}} |
| 100 || style="background-color:#ff99cc" | Fm || [[Fermium]] || [[Enrico Fermi]], physicist || || 7 || {{sort|257|[257]}}{{ref|1|1}} || – || 1800 || – || – || 1.3 || {{sort|0|0}} {{ref|8|8}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 101 || style="background-color:#ff99cc" | Md || [[Mendelevium]] || || 7 || {{sort|258|[258]}}{{ref|1|1}} || – || 1100 || – || – || 1.3 || {{sort|0|0}} {{ref|8|8}} |
| 101 || style="background-color:#ff99cc" | Md || [[Mendelevium]] || || 7 || {{sort|258|[258]}}{{ref|1|1}} || – || 1100 || – || – || 1.3 || {{sort|0|0}} {{ref|8|8}} |
Revision as of 05:46, 1 August 2012
The following is a list of the 118 identified chemical elements.
List
Z |
Sym |
Element |
Namesake [1] |
Group |
Period |
Weight u () |
Density g / cm3 |
Melt K |
Boil K |
Heat J / g K |
Neg10 | Abundance mg / kg |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | H | Hydrogen | the Greek 'hydro' and 'genes' meaning water forming | N/A | 1 | 1.00794(7)2 3 4 9 | 0.00008988 | 14.175 | 20.28 | 14.304 | 2.20 | 1400 |
2 | He | Helium | the Greek, 'helios' meaning sun | 18 | 1 | 4.002602(2)2 4 | 0.0001785 | 0.956 | 4.22 | 5.193 | – | 0.008 |
3 | Li | Lithium | the Greek 'lithos' meaning stone | 1 | 2 | 6.941(2)2 3 4 5 9 | 0.534 | 453.85 | 1615 | 3.582 | 0.98 | 20 |
4 | Be | Beryllium | the Greek name for beryl, 'beryllo' | 2 | 2 | 9.012182(3) | 1.85 | 1560.15 | 2742 | 1.825 | 1.57 | 2.8 |
5 | B | Boron | the Arabic 'buraq', which was the name for borax | 13 | 2 | 10.811(7)2 3 4 9 | 2.34 | 2573.15 | 4200 | 1.026 | 2.04 | 10 |
6 | C | Carbon | the Latin ‘carbo’, meaning charcoal | 14 | 2 | 12.0107(8)2 4 9 | 2.267 | 3915 (sublimates) | 3915 (sublimates) | 0.709 | 2.55 | 200 |
7 | N | Nitrogen | the Greek 'nitron' and 'genes' meaning nitre forming | 15 | 2 | 14.0067(2)2 4 9 | 0.0012506 | 63.29 | 77.36 | 1.04 | 3.04 | 19 |
8 | O | Oxygen | the Greek 'oxy' and 'genes' meaning acid forming | 16 | 2 | 15.9994(3)2 4 9 | 0.001429 | 50.5 | 90.20 | 0.918 | 3.44 | 461000 |
9 | F | Fluorine | the Latin 'fluere', meaning to flow | 17 | 2 | 18.9984032(5) | 0.001696 | 53.63 | 85.03 | 0.824 | 3.98 | 585 |
10 | Ne | Neon | the Greek 'neos', meaning new | 18 | 2 | 20.1797(6)2 3 | 0.0008999 | 24.703 | 27.07 | 1.03 | – | 0.005 |
11 | Na | Sodium | the English word soda (natrium in Latin)[2] | 1 | 3 | 22.98976928(2) | 0.971 | 371.15 | 1156 | 1.228 | 0.93 | 23600 |
12 | Mg | Magnesium | Magnesia, a district of Eastern Thessaly in Greece | 2 | 3 | 24.3050(6) | 1.738 | 923.15 | 1363 | 1.023 | 1.31 | 23300 |
13 | Al | Aluminium | the Latin name for alum, 'alumen' meaning bitter salt | 13 | 3 | 26.9815386(8) | 2.698 | 933.4 | 2792 | 0.897 | 1.61 | 82300 |
14 | Si | Silicon | the Latin 'silex' or 'silicis', meaning flint | 14 | 3 | 28.0855(3)4 9 | 2.3296 | 1683.15 | 3538 | 0.705 | 1.9 | 282000 |
15 | P | Phosphorus | the Greek 'phosphoros', meaning bringer of light | 15 | 3 | 30.973762(2) | 1.82 | 317.25 | 553 | 0.769 | 2.19 | 1050 |
16 | S | Sulfur | Either from the Sanskrit 'sulvere', or the Latin 'sulfurium', both names for sulfur[2] | 16 | 3 | 32.065(5)2 4 9 | 2.067 | 388.51 | 717.8 | 0.71 | 2.58 | 350 |
17 | Cl | Chlorine | the Greek 'chloros', meaning greenish yellow | 17 | 3 | 35.453(2)2 3 4 9 | 0.003214 | 172.31 | 239.11 | 0.479 | 3.16 | 145 |
18 | Ar | Argon | the Greek, 'argos', meaning idle | 18 | 3 | 39.948(1)2 4 | 0.0017837 | 83.96 | 87.30 | 0.52 | – | 3.5 |
19 | K | Potassium | the English word potash (kalium in Latin)[2] | 1 | 4 | 39.0983(1) | 0.862 | 336.5 | 1032 | 0.757 | 0.82 | 20900 |
20 | Ca | Calcium | the Latin 'calx' meaning lime | 2 | 4 | 40.078(4)2 | 1.54 | 1112.15 | 1757 | 0.647 | 1 | 41500 |
21 | Sc | Scandium | Scandinavia (with the Latin name Scandia) | 3 | 4 | 44.955912(6) | 2.989 | 1812.15 | 3109 | 0.568 | 1.36 | 22 |
22 | Ti | Titanium | Titans, the sons of the Earth goddess of Greek mythology | 4 | 4 | 47.867(1) | 4.54 | 1933.15 | 3560 | 0.523 | 1.54 | 5650 |
23 | V | Vanadium | Vanadis, the old Norse name for the Scandinavian goddess Freyja | 5 | 4 | 50.9415(1) | 6.11 | 2175.15 | 3680 | 0.489 | 1.63 | 120 |
24 | Cr | Chromium | the Greek 'chroma', meaning colour | 6 | 4 | 51.9961(6) | 7.15 | 2130.15 | 2944 | 0.449 | 1.66 | 102 |
25 | Mn | Manganese | Either the Latin 'magnes', meaning magnet or from the black magnesium oxide, 'magnesia nigra' | 7 | 4 | 54.938045(5) | 7.44 | 1519.15 | 2334 | 0.479 | 1.55 | 950 |
26 | Fe | Iron | the Anglo-Saxon name iren (ferrum in Latin) | 8 | 4 | 55.845(2) | 7.874 | 1808.15 | 3134 | 0.449 | 1.83 | 56300 |
27 | Co | Cobalt | the German word 'kobald', meaning goblin | 9 | 4 | 58.933195(5) | 8.86 | 1768.15 | 3200 | 0.421 | 1.88 | 25 |
28 | Ni | Nickel | the shortened of the German 'kupfernickel' meaning either devil's copper or St. Nicholas's copper | 10 | 4 | 58.6934(4) | 8.912 | 1726.15 | 3186 | 0.444 | 1.91 | 84 |
29 | Cu | Copper | the Old English name coper in turn derived from the Latin 'Cyprium aes', meaning a metal from Cyprus | 11 | 4 | 63.546(3)4 | 8.96 | 1357.75 | 2835 | 0.385 | 1.9 | 60 |
30 | Zn | Zinc | the German, 'zinc', which may in turn be derived from the Persian word 'sing', meaning stone | 12 | 4 | 65.38(2) | 7.134 | 692.88 | 1180 | 0.388 | 1.65 | 70 |
31 | Ga | Gallium | France (with the Latin name Gallia) | 13 | 4 | 69.723(1) | 5.907 | 302.91 | 2477 | 0.371 | 1.81 | 19 |
32 | Ge | Germanium | Germany (with the Latin name Germania) | 14 | 4 | 72.63(1) | 5.323 | 1211.45 | 3106 | 0.32 | 2.01 | 1.5 |
33 | As | Arsenic | the Greek name 'arsenikon' for the yellow pigment orpiment | 15 | 4 | 74.92160(2) | 5.776 | 1090.157 | 887 | 0.329 | 2.18 | 1.8 |
34 | Se | Selenium | Moon (with the Greek name selene) | 16 | 4 | 78.96(3)4 | 4.809 | 494.15 | 958 | 0.321 | 2.55 | 0.05 |
35 | Br | Bromine | the Greek 'bromos' meaning stench | 17 | 4 | 79.904(1) | 3.122 | 266.05 | 332.0 | 0.474 | 2.96 | 2.4 |
36 | Kr | Krypton | the Greek 'kryptos', meaning hidden | 18 | 4 | 83.798(2)2 3 | 0.003733 | 115.93 | 119.93 | 0.248 | 3 | <0.001 |
37 | Rb | Rubidium | the Latin 'rubidius', meaning deepest red | 1 | 5 | 85.4678(3)2 | 1.532 | 312.79 | 961 | 0.363 | 0.82 | 90 |
38 | Sr | Strontium | Strontian, a small town in Scotland | 2 | 5 | 87.62(1)2 4 | 2.64 | 1042.15 | 1655 | 0.301 | 0.95 | 370 |
39 | Y | Yttrium | Ytterby, Sweden | 3 | 5 | 88.90585(2) | 4.469 | 1799.15 | 3609 | 0.298 | 1.22 | 33 |
40 | Zr | Zirconium | the Arabic 'zargun', meaning gold coloured | 4 | 5 | 91.224(2)2 | 6.506 | 2125.15 | 4682 | 0.278 | 1.33 | 165 |
41 | Nb | Niobium | Niobe, daughter of king Tantalus from Greek mythology | 5 | 5 | 92.90638(2) | 8.57 | 2741.15 | 5017 | 0.265 | 1.6 | 20 |
42 | Mo | Molybdenum | the Greek 'molybdos' meaning lead | 6 | 5 | 95.96(2)2 | 10.22 | 2890.15 | 4912 | 0.251 | 2.16 | 1.2 |
43 | Tc | Technetium | the Greek 'tekhnetos' meaning artificial | 7 | 5 | [98]1 | 11.5 | 2473.15 | 5150 | – | 1.9 | <0.001 |
44 | Ru | Ruthenium | Russia (with the Latin name Ruthenia) | 8 | 5 | 101.07(2)2 | 12.37 | 2523.15 | 4423 | 0.238 | 2.2 | 0.001 |
45 | Rh | Rhodium | the Greek 'rhodon', meaning rose coloured | 9 | 5 | 102.90550(2) | 12.41 | 2239.15 | 3968 | 0.243 | 2.28 | 0.001 |
46 | Pd | Palladium | Athena (Pallas Athena), the goddess of wisdom from Greek mythology | 10 | 5 | 106.42(1)2 | 12.02 | 1825.15 | 3236 | 0.244 | 2.2 | 0.015 |
47 | Ag | Silver | the Anglo-Saxon name siolfur (argentum in Latin)[2] | 11 | 5 | 107.8682(2)2 | 10.501 | 1234.15 | 2435 | 0.235 | 1.93 | 0.075 |
48 | Cd | Cadmium | the Latin name for the mineral calmine, 'cadmia' | 12 | 5 | 112.411(8)2 | 8.69 | 594.33 | 1040 | 0.232 | 1.69 | 0.159 |
49 | In | Indium | the Latin 'indicium', meaning violet or indigo | 13 | 5 | 114.818(3) | 7.31 | 429.91 | 2345 | 0.233 | 1.78 | 0.25 |
50 | Sn | Tin | the Anglo-Saxon word tin (stannum in Latin, meaning hard) | 14 | 5 | 118.710(7)2 | 7.287 | 505.21 | 2875 | 0.228 | 1.96 | 2.3 |
51 | Sb | Antimony | the Greek 'anti - monos', meaning not alone (stibium in Latin) | 15 | 5 | 121.760(1)2 | 6.685 | 904.05 | 1860 | 0.207 | 2.05 | 0.2 |
52 | Te | Tellurium | Earth, the third planet on solar system (with the Latin word tellus) | 16 | 5 | 127.60(3)2 | 6.232 | 722.8 | 1261 | 0.202 | 2.1 | 0.001 |
53 | I | Iodine | the Greek 'iodes' meaning violet | 17 | 5 | 126.90447(3) | 4.93 | 386.65 | 457.4 | 0.214 | 2.66 | 0.45 |
54 | Xe | Xenon | the Greek 'xenos' meaning stranger | 18 | 5 | 131.293(6)2 3 | 0.005887 | 161.45 | 165.03 | 0.158 | 2.6 | <0.001 |
55 | Cs | Caesium | the Latin 'caesius', meaning sky blue | 1 | 6 | 132.9054519(2) | 1.873 | 301.7 | 944 | 0.242 | 0.79 | 3 |
56 | Ba | Barium | the Greek 'barys', meaning heavy | 2 | 6 | 137.327(7) | 3.594 | 1002.15 | 2170 | 0.204 | 0.89 | 425 |
57 | La | Lanthanum | the Greek 'lanthanein', meaning to lie hidden | 6 | 138.90547(7)2 | 6.145 | 1193.15 | 3737 | 0.195 | 1.1 | 39 | |
58 | Ce | Cerium | Ceres, the Roman God of agriculture | 6 | 140.116(1)2 | 6.77 | 1071.15 | 3716 | 0.192 | 1.12 | 66.5 | |
59 | Pr | Praseodymium | the Greek 'prasios didymos' meaning green twin | 6 | 140.90765(2) | 6.773 | 1204.15 | 3793 | 0.193 | 1.13 | 9.2 | |
60 | Nd | Neodymium | the Greek 'neos didymos' meaning new twin | 6 | 144.242(3)2 | 7.007 | 1289.15 | 3347 | 0.19 | 1.14 | 41.5 | |
61 | Pm | Promethium | Prometheus of Greek mythology who stole fire from the Gods and gave it to humans | 6 | [145]1 | 7.26 | 1204.15 | 3273 | – | – | <0.001 | |
62 | Sm | Samarium | Samarskite, the name of the mineral from which it was first isolated | 6 | 150.36(2)2 | 7.52 | 1345.15 | 2067 | 0.197 | 1.17 | 7.05 | |
63 | Eu | Europium | Europe | 6 | 151.964(1)2 | 5.243 | 1095.15 | 1802 | 0.182 | 1.2 | 2 | |
64 | Gd | Gadolinium | Johan Gadolin, chemist, physicist and mineralogist | 6 | 157.25(3)2 | 7.895 | 1585.15 | 3546 | 0.236 | 1.2 | 6.2 | |
65 | Tb | Terbium | Ytterby, Sweden | 6 | 158.92535(2) | 8.229 | 1630.15 | 3503 | 0.182 | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
66 | Dy | Dysprosium | the Greek 'dysprositos', meaning hard to get | 6 | 162.500(1)2 | 8.55 | 1680.15 | 2840 | 0.17 | 1.22 | 5.2 | |
67 | Ho | Holmium | Stockholm, Sweden (with the Latin name Holmia) | 6 | 164.93032(2) | 8.795 | 1743.15 | 2993 | 0.165 | 1.23 | 1.3 | |
68 | Er | Erbium | Ytterby, Sweden | 6 | 167.259(3)2 | 9.066 | 1795.15 | 3503 | 0.168 | 1.24 | 3.5 | |
69 | Tm | Thulium | Thule, the ancient name for Scandinavia | 6 | 168.93421(2) | 9.321 | 1818.15 | 2223 | 0.16 | 1.25 | 0.52 | |
70 | Yb | Ytterbium | Ytterby, Sweden | 6 | 173.054(5)2 | 6.965 | 1097.15 | 1469 | 0.155 | 1.1 | 3.2 | |
71 | Lu | Lutetium | Paris, France (with the Roman name Lutetia) | 3 | 6 | 174.9668(1)2 | 9.84 | 1936.15 | 3675 | 0.154 | 1.27 | 0.8 |
72 | Hf | Hafnium | Copenhagen, Denmark (with the Latin name Hafnia) | 4 | 6 | 178.49(2) | 13.31 | 2500.15 | 4876 | 0.144 | 1.3 | 3 |
73 | Ta | Tantalum | King Tantalus, father of Niobe from Greek mythology | 5 | 6 | 180.94788(2) | 16.654 | 3269.15 | 5731 | 0.14 | 1.5 | 2 |
74 | W | Tungsten | the Swedish 'tung sten' meaning heavy stone (W is wolfram, the old name of the tungstenn mineral wolframite)[2] | 6 | 6 | 183.84(1) | 19.25 | 3680.15 | 5828 | 0.132 | 2.36 | 1.3 |
75 | Re | Rhenium | Rhine, a river that flows from Grisons in the eastern Swiss Alps to the North Sea coast in the Netherlands (with the Latin name Rhenia) | 7 | 6 | 186.207(1) | 21.02 | 3453.15 | 5869 | 0.137 | 1.9 | <0.001 |
76 | Os | Osmium | the Greek 'osme', meaning smell | 8 | 6 | 190.23(3)2 | 22.61 | 3300.15 | 5285 | 0.13 | 2.2 | 0.002 |
77 | Ir | Iridium | Iris, the Greek goddess of the rainbow | 9 | 6 | 192.217(3) | 22.56 | 2716.15 | 4701 | 0.131 | 2.2 | 0.001 |
78 | Pt | Platinum | the Spanish 'platina', meaning little silver | 10 | 6 | 195.084(9) | 21.46 | 2045.15 | 4098 | 0.133 | 2.28 | 0.005 |
79 | Au | Gold | the Anglo-Saxon word gold, from Latin geolo, meaning yellow (aurum in Latin, meaning glow of sunrise)[2] | 11 | 6 | 196.966569(4) | 19.282 | 1337.73 | 3129 | 0.129 | 2.54 | 0.004 |
80 | Hg | Mercury | Mercury, the first planet on solar system | 12 | 6 | 200.59(2) | 13.5336 | 234.43 | 630 | 0.14 | 2 | 0.085 |
81 | Tl | Thallium | the Greek 'thallos', meaning a green twig | 13 | 6 | 204.3833(2)9 | 11.85 | 577.15 | 1746 | 0.129 | 1.62 | 0.85 |
82 | Pb | Lead | the Anglo-Saxon lead (plumbum in Latin)[2] | 14 | 6 | 207.2(1)2 4 | 11.342 | 600.75 | 2022 | 0.129 | 2.33 | 14 |
83 | Bi | Bismuth | the German 'Bisemutum' a corruption of 'Weisse Masse' meaning white mass | 15 | 6 | 208.98040(1)1 | 9.807 | 544.67 | 1837 | 0.122 | 2.02 | 0.009 |
84 | Po | Polonium | Poland, the native country of Marie Curie, who first isolated the element | 16 | 6 | [209]1 | 9.32 | 527.15 | 1235 | – | 2 | <0.001 |
85 | At | Astatine | the Greek 'astatos', meaning unstable | 17 | 6 | [210]1 | 7 | 575.15 | 610 | – | 2.2 | <0.001 |
86 | Rn | Radon | From radium, as it was first detected as an emission from radium during radioactive decay | 18 | 6 | [222]1 | 0.00973 | 202.15 | 211.3 | 0.094 | – | <0.001 |
87 | Fr | Francium | France | 1 | 7 | [223]1 | 1.87 | 300.15 | 950 | – | 0.7 | <0.001 |
88 | Ra | Radium | the Latin 'radius', meaning ray | 2 | 7 | [226]1 | 5.5 | 973.15 | 2010 | – | 0.9 | <0.001 |
89 | Ac | Actinium | the Greek 'actinos', meaning a ray | 7 | [227]1 | 10.07 | 1323.15 | 3471 | 0.12 | 1.1 | <0.001 | |
90 | Th | Thorium | Thor, the Scandinavian god of war | 7 | 232.03806(2)1 2 | 11.72 | 2028.15 | 5061 | 0.113 | 1.3 | 9.6 | |
91 | Pa | Protactinium | the Greek 'protos', meaning first, as a prefix to the element actinium, which is produced through the radioactive decay of proactinium | 7 | 231.03588(2)1 | 15.37 | 1873.15 | 4300 | – | 1.5 | <0.001 | |
92 | U | Uranium | Uranus, the seventh planet in solar system | 7 | 238.02891(3)1 | 18.95 | 1405.15 | 4404 | 0.116 | 1.38 | 2.7 | |
93 | Np | Neptunium | Neptune, the eighth planet in solar system | 7 | [237]1 | 20.45 | 913.15 | 4273 | – | 1.36 | <0.001 | |
94 | Pu | Plutonium | Pluto, a dwarf planet in solar system | 7 | [244]1 | 19.84 | 913.15 | 3501 | – | 1.28 | <0.001 | |
95 | Am | Americium | USA, where this element first made | 7 | [243]1 | 13.69 | 1267.15 | 2880 | – | 1.3 | <0.001 | |
96 | Cm | Curium | Pierre Curie, a French physicist, and Marie Curie, a French-Polish physicist and chemist | 7 | [247]1 | 13.51 | 1340.15 | 3383 | – | 1.3 | <0.001 | |
97 | Bk | Berkelium | Berkley, California, USA, where this element first made | 7 | [247]1 | 14.79 | 1259.15 | 983 | – | 1.3 | <0.001 | |
98 | Cf | Californium | State of California, USA, where this element first made | 7 | [251]1 | 15.1 | 1925.15 | 1173 | – | 1.3 | <0.001 | |
99 | Es | Einsteinium | Albert Einstein, physicist | 7 | [252]1 | 13.5 | 1133.15 | – | – | 1.3 | 0 8 | |
100 | Fm | Fermium | Enrico Fermi, physicist | 7 | [257]1 | – | 1800 | – | – | 1.3 | 0 8 | |
101 | Md | Mendelevium | 7 | [258]1 | – | 1100 | – | – | 1.3 | 0 8 | ||
102 | No | Nobelium | 7 | [259]1 | – | 1100 | – | – | 1.3 | 0 8 | ||
103 | Lr | Lawrencium | 3 | 7 | [262]1 | – | 1900 | – | – | 1.3 | 0 8 | |
104 | Rf | Rutherfordium | 4 | 7 | [267]1 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 8 | |
105 | Db | Dubnium | 5 | 7 | [268]1 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 8 | |
106 | Sg | Seaborgium | 6 | 7 | [269]1 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 8 | |
107 | Bh | Bohrium | 7 | 7 | [270]1 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 8 | |
108 | Hs | Hassium | 8 | 7 | [269]1 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 8 | |
109 | Mt | Meitnerium | 9 | 7 | [278]1 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 8 | |
110 | Ds | Darmstadtium | 10 | 7 | [281]1 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 8 | |
111 | Rg | Roentgenium | 11 | 7 | [281]1 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 8 | |
112 | Cn | Copernicium | 12 | 7 | [285]1 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 8 | |
113 | Uut | Ununtrium | 13 | 7 | [286]1 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 8 | |
114 | Fl | Flerovium | 14 | 7 | [289]1 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 8 | |
115 | Uup | Ununpentium | 15 | 7 | [288]1 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 8 | |
116 | Lv | Livermorium | 16 | 7 | [293]1 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 8 | |
117 | Uus | Ununseptium | 17 | 7 | [294]1 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 8 | |
118 | Uuo | Ununoctium | 18 | 7 | [294]1 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 8 |
Notes
- ^1 The element does not have any stable nuclides, and a value in brackets, e.g. [209], indicates the mass number of the longest-lived isotope of the element. However, four elements, bismuth, thorium, protactinium, and uranium, have characteristic terrestrial isotopic compositions, and thus their standard atomic weights are given.
- ^2 The isotopic composition of this element varies in some geological specimens, and the variation may exceed the uncertainty stated in the table.
- ^3 The isotopic composition of the element can vary in commercial materials, which can cause the atomic weight to deviate significantly from the given value.
- ^4 The isotopic composition varies in terrestrial material such that a more precise atomic weight can not be given.
- ^5 The atomic weight of commercial lithium can vary between 6.939 and 6.996—analysis of the specific material is necessary to find a more accurate value.
- ^6 This element does not solidify at atmosphere of pressure. The value listed above, (0.95 K, is the temperature at which helium does solidifies at a pressure of 2.5 atmospheres.
- ^7 This element sublimes at one atmosphere of pressure
- ^8 The transuranic elements 99 and above do not occur naturally, but some of them can be produced artificially.
- ^9 The value listed is the conventional value suitable for trade and commerce. The actual value may differ depending on the isotopic composition of the sample. Analysis of the specific material is necessary to find a more accurate value. The possible ranges of the actual values are:
- Hydrogen: [1.00784; 1.00811]
- Lithium: [6.938; 6.997]
- Boron: [10.806; 10.821]
- Carbon: [12.0096; 12.0116]
- Nitrogen: [14.00643; 14.00728]
- Oxygen: [15.99903; 15.99977]
- Silicon: [26.084; 26.086]
- Sulfur: [32.059; 32.076]
- Chlorine: [35.446; 35.457]
- Thallium: [204.382; 204.385]
- ^10 Standard symbol: χ
References
- M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 78 (11). IUPAC: 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051. (for atomic weights of elements with atomic numbers from 1-102)
- M. E. Wieser (2007). "IUPAC Standard Atomic Weights Revised (2007)". IUPAC. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
- M. E. Wieser; T. B. Coplen (2010). "Atomic weights of the elements 2009 (IUPAC Technical Report)" (PDF). IUPAC. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
- Sonzogni, Alejandro. "Interactive Chart of Nuclides". National Nuclear Data Center: Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved 2008-06-06. (for atomic weights of elements with atomic numbers 103-118)