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The [[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]] (UNESCO) [[World Heritage Site|World Heritage Sites]] are places of importance to [[Cultural heritage|cultural]] or [[natural heritage]] as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972.<ref name="convention">{{cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=The World Heritage Convention |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/convention/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827065310/https://whc.unesco.org/en/convention/ |archive-date=27 August 2016 |access-date=7 July 2019 |website= |publisher=[[UNESCO World Heritage Centre]]}}</ref> The convention established that cultural heritage consists of monuments (such as architectural works, monumental sculptures, or inscriptions), groups of buildings, and sites (including archaeological sites). Meanwhile, natural heritage consists of physical and biological formations, geological and physiographical formations (including habitats of threatened flora and fauna), and sites used for scientifical research and/or conservation, as well as those regarded for its natural aesthetic.<ref>{{cite web |title=Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/conventiontext/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201042309/http://whc.unesco.org/en/conventiontext/ |archive-date=1 February 2021 |access-date=3 February 2021 |publisher=[[UNESCO World Heritage Centre]]}}</ref> |
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The [[UNESCO]] (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) has designated six [[World Heritage Site]]s in the [[Philippines]]. The UNESCO World Heritage Sites are places of importance to [[cultural heritage|cultural]] or [[natural heritage]] as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention. |
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The [[Republic of the Philippines]] ratified the convention on September 19, 1985, making its historical and natural sites eligible for inclusion on the list. The country had its first sites (the [[Baroque Churches of the Philippines|Baroque Churches]] and [[Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park]]) included in 1993, and now has six sites, the latest being the [[Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary]] in 2014. Of those six sites, three each are cultural and natural.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Philippines |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/ph |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=[[UNESCO World Heritage Centre]] |language=en |archive-date=February 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223081604/https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/ph |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition, the [[government of the Philippines]] has also put 19 sites on the tentative list, meaning that they intend to consider them for nomination in the future.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tentative Lists: Philippines |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/state=ph |access-date=March 28, 2012 |publisher=UNESCO |archive-date=February 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210112810/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/state=ph |url-status=live }}</ref> The lack of World Heritage Sites were mainly reasoned to little awareness among locals, the absence of competent people involved, and the lack of government funding.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Henares |first=Ivan |title=Ivan About Town |url=https://www.ivanhenares.com/search?q=unesco |access-date=2023-09-30 |archive-date=April 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404162653/https://www.ivanhenares.com/search?q=unesco |url-status=live }}</ref> One site, the [[Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras]], was once listed as a [[World Heritage in Danger]] due to the lack of conservation and monitoring efforts. |
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The Philippines, following its ratification of the convention on Thursday, September 19, 1985, made its historical and natural sites eligible for inclusion on the list. The Philippines had its first sites included in 1993, and since 2014, has six sites on the list spanning nine locations. Of those six sites, three are cultural and three natural. The first 5 sites inscribed in the UNESCO Heritage List was initiated by ICOMOS Philippines, a non-profit heritage organization, which partnered with the UNESCO National Commission of the Philippines and the Heritage Conservation Society. |
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The Philippines has a cultural inventory, called the ''[[Philippine Registry of Cultural Property]]'' or ''PRECUP'', and a natural inventory called the ''National Integrated Protected Areas System'' or ''NIPAS''. Both of which were established by various Philippine laws. The intangible cultural heritage list of the Philippines is under the PRECUP. |
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The Philippines won its first ever mandate to the powerful World Heritage Committee in 1991 under President [[Corazon Aquino]]. The Filipino delegation served until 1997. Its second mandate was won in 2013 under President [[Noynoy Aquino]]. The Filipino delegation served until 2017.<ref name="whc.unesco.org">{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/ph|title=Philippines: Mandates to the World Heritage Committee|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref> |
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== World Heritage Sites == |
== World Heritage Sites == |
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UNESCO lists sites under [[World Heritage Site#Selection criteria|ten criteria]]; each entry must meet at least one of the criteria. Criteria i through vi are cultural, and vii through x are natural.<ref>{{cite web|title=UNESCO World Heritage Centre The Criteria for Selection|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/criteria/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612152223/https://whc.unesco.org/en/criteria/|archive-date=12 June 2016|access-date=17 August 2018|publisher=[[UNESCO World Heritage Centre]]}}</ref> |
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{{Main|Tourism in the Philippines}} |
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In the 1990s, Filipino architect Augusto Villalón represented the Philippines in the UNESCO Committee and drafted the nomination dossiers of 5 heritage inscriptions. All the five inscriptions, which were the first five UNESCO sites in the Philippines, were declared as UNESCO World Heritage Sites from 1993 to 1999. These sites include the Baroque Churches of the Philippines (Miag-ao in Iloilo; Paoay in Ilocos Norte; Santa Maria in Ilocos Sur, and San Agustin in Manila); Tubbataha Reef National Park, Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park, Historic City of Vigan, and the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras<ref name="auto7">{{cite web|url=https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/293463/augusto-villalon-architect-heritage-advocate-passes-away/|title=Augusto Villalón, architect and heritage advocate, passes away|date=May 5, 2018|website=Inquirer Lifestyle}}</ref> After Villalón retired, the country had a 14-year drought in UNESCO World Heritage designations, which would be broken only in 2014, when Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary was declared as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1403/|title=Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary|first=UNESCO World Heritage|last=Centre|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref> |
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The table lists information about each World Heritage Site: |
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:'''Name''': as listed by the [[World Heritage Committee]] |
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:'''Location''': city or province of site |
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:'''Region''': one of the 17 regions of the Philippines |
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:'''UNESCO data''': the year the site was inscribed on the World Heritage List; the criteria it was listed under: criteria ''i'' through ''vi'' are cultural, while ''vii'' through ''x'' are natural; ''(the column sorts by year added to the list)'' |
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:'''Period''': time of construction |
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:'''Description''': brief description of the site |
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:'''Ref''': references |
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{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |
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{{toptextcells}} |
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{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders toptextcells" |
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|- |
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|+ {{sronly|World Heritage Sites }} |
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! scope="col" colspan="2" | Site |
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! scope="col" | |
! style="width:180px;" scope="col" | Site |
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! class="unsortable" style="width:150px;" scope="col" | Image |
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! scope="col" | [[Regions of the Philippines|Regions]] |
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! scope="col" | |
! style="width:100px;" scope="col" | Location ([[Regions of the Philippines|region]]) |
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! style="width:50px;" scope="col" | {{Abbr|UNESCO data|UNESCO reference number and criteria}} |
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! scope="col" | Period |
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! style="width:80px;" scope="col" | Year listed |
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! scope="col" class="unsortable"| Description |
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| Description |
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! scope="col" | Ref |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope="row"|[[Baroque Churches of the Philippines |
! scope="row" |[[Baroque Churches of the Philippines]] |
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|[[File:San Agustin Church, Manila, 2018 (04).jpg|150px]] |
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|[[File:FvfIntramuros2720 24.JPG|150px]][[File:Sta. Maria Church.JPG|150px]][[File:St. Augustine Church - Paoay, Ilocos Norte.jpg|150px]][[File:Miagao Church.jpg|150px]] |
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|[[City of Manila]]; [[Ilocos Sur]]; [[Ilocos Norte]]; [[Iloilo]] |
|[[City of Manila]]; [[Ilocos Sur]]; [[Ilocos Norte]]; [[Iloilo]], [[Western Visayas]] |
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|677bis; Cultural: (ii), (iv) |
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|[[Metro Manila|Manila]]; [[Ilocos Region|Ilocandia]]; [[Western Visayas]] |
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|1993 |
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|1993 (inscription), 2013 (minor boundary modification); ii, iv |
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| During the [[Spanish Colonial Period (Philippines)|Spanish colonial period]] between the 16th and 18th centuries, Spain designed four [[Roman Catholic]] churches in the Philippines, with the help of Chinese and Filipino workers. They are the [[San Agustin Church (Manila)|Churches of San Agustin]] (pictured), [[Santa Maria Church (Ilocos Sur)|Santa Maria]], [[Paoay Church|Paoay]], and [[Miagao Church|Miagao]]. Using a modified [[Baroque architecture]] style, it was built using local materials to withstand the country's climate, and thus paved the way for the expansion of churches in the country.<ref>{{cite web |author=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |title=Baroque Churches of the Philippines – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/677 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200419150846/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/677/ |archive-date=April 19, 2020 |access-date=January 13, 2018 |publisher=Whc.unesco.org}}</ref> |
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|{{sort|16th century}} |
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| All of the four baroque churches have been declared as [[List of National Cultural Treasures in the Philippines|National Cultural Treasures of the Philippines]]. |
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|<ref>{{cite web|author=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/677 |title=Baroque Churches of the Philippines – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=Whc.unesco.org |access-date=January 13, 2018}}</ref> |
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|- |
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! scope="row"|[[Tubbataha Reef|Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park]] |
! scope="row" |[[Tubbataha Reef|Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park]] |
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|[[File:Battery of Barracuda taken in Tubbataha.png|150px]] |
|[[File:Battery of Barracuda taken in Tubbataha.png|150px]] |
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|[[Palawan]] |
|[[Palawan]], [[Mimaropa]] |
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|653bis; Natural: (vii), (ix), (x) |
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|[[Mimaropa]] |
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|1993 |
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|1993 (inscription), 2009 (extension); vii, ix, x |
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| Located at the heart of the [[Sulu Sea]], this site includes the reef's northern and southern [[atoll]], as well as the Jessie Beazley Reef, totalling at 96,828 hectares. In addition to a 100-meter [[coral reef]], it houses 360 coral and around 700 fish species, notably whales, dolphins, sharks, turtles, and the [[humphead wrasse]]. It also has one of the few [[Seabird colony|seabird colonies]] on Earth.<ref>{{cite web |author=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |title=Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/653 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108165653/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/653/ |archive-date=January 8, 2018 |access-date=January 13, 2018 |publisher=Whc.unesco.org}}</ref> A battery of [[Barracuda|barracudas]] is pictured. |
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|{{sort|Pleistocene Epoch}} |
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| The site is an [[ASEAN Heritage Park]], and a [[List of Ramsar sites in the Philippines|Ramsar Wetland Site]]. It is also located within the [[Palawan]] UNESCO [[Biosphere Reserve]]. |
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|<ref>{{cite web|author=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/653 |title=Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=Whc.unesco.org |access-date=January 13, 2018}}</ref> |
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|- |
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! scope="row"|[[Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras]] |
! scope="row" |[[Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras]] |
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|[[File: |
|[[File:FARMER AT THE BATAD.jpg|150px]] |
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|[[Ifugao]], [[Cordillera Administrative Region|Cordillera]] |
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|[[Ifugao]] |
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|722; Cultural: (iii), (iv), (v) |
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|[[Cordillera Administrative Region|Cordillera]] |
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|1995 |
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|1995 (inscription); iii, iv, v |
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| This site includes the [[Banaue Rice Terraces|Banaue]], [[Mayoyao]], [[Hungduan]], and [[Kiangan|Nagacadan]] Rice Terraces. They were established 2,000 years prior to inscription in [[pre-colonial Philippines]], by the local [[Ifugao people]]. Despite its shared, unique heights and steepness, each have their own facade. Banaue in particular consists of two terraces: Bangaan and Batad (pictured), both located nearby a village. From 2001 to 2012, with the lack of a conservation and monitoring effort, UNESCO listed it as a [[World Heritage in Danger]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=UNESCO World Heritage |title=Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/722/ |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=UNESCO World Heritage |title=World Heritage Committee Inscribes Two Sites on the List of World Heritage in Danger |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/158/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref> |
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|{{sort|16th century}} |
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| The inscription includes 5 properties, namely, Batad Rice Terraces, Bangaan Rice Terraces (both in [[Banaue, Ifugao|Banaue]]), Mayoyao Rice Terraces (in [[Mayoyao, Ifugao|Mayoyao]]), Hungduan Rice Terraces (in [[Hungduan, Ifugao|Hungduan]]) and Nagacadan Rice Terraces (in [[Kiangan, Ifugao|Kiangan]]). The terraces have been declared as [[List of National Cultural Treasures in the Philippines|National Cultural Treasures of the Philippines]]. |
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|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rappler.com/science-nature/society-culture/91521-ifugao-rice-terraces-age|title=younger than you think|author=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|date=April 29, 2015|publisher=Whc.unesco.org|access-date=January 13, 2018}}</ref> |
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|- |
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! scope="row"|[[Vigan|Historic City of Vigan]] |
! scope="row" |[[Vigan|Historic City of Vigan]] |
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|[[File:Calle Crisologo, Vigan |
|[[File:Calle Crisologo, Vigan, Philippines - One of The New 7 Wonder Cities of The World.jpg|150px]] |
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|[[Ilocos Sur]] |
|[[Ilocos Sur]], [[Ilocos Region|Ilocandia]] |
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|502rev; Cultural: (ii), (iv) |
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|[[Ilocos Region|Ilocandia]] |
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|1999 |
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|1999 (inscription); ii, iv |
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| Vigan is a city built during the Spanish colonial period in the 16th century. Situated at the [[River delta|delta]] of the [[Abra River]], it used to be a [[trading post]]. The 17.25-hectare site displays its architecture, a fusion of Filipino, Chinese, European, and Mexican architecture. For instance, some parts do not fully conform to the [[grid plan]] as required by the [[Laws of the Indies]]. The two plazas, [[Plaza Salcedo|Salcedo]] and Burgos, contain [[Vigan Cathedral|a cathedral]], an [[archbishop]] palace, a [[city hall]], and the Provincial Capitol Building. In total, there are 233 historic buildings in the site.<ref>{{cite web |author=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |title=Historic City of Vigan – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/502 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108165707/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/502/ |archive-date=January 8, 2018 |access-date=January 13, 2018 |publisher=Whc.unesco.org}}</ref> Pictured is the Calle Crisologo street. |
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|{{sort|16th century}} |
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| The site is also one of the [[New7Wonders Cities]]. The Mestizo Section, House of Father Jose Burgos and Leona Florentino of Vigan has been declared as one of the [[List of National Cultural Treasures in the Philippines|National Cultural Treasures of the Philippines]]. |
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|<ref>{{cite web|author=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/502 |title=Historic City of Vigan – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=Whc.unesco.org |access-date=January 13, 2018}}</ref> |
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|- |
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! scope="row"|[[Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park]] |
! scope="row" |[[Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park]] |
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|[[File:Puerto Princesa |
|[[File:Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park 5.jpg|150px]] |
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|[[Palawan]] |
|[[Palawan]], [[Mimaropa]] |
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|652rev; Natural: (vii), (x) |
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|[[Mimaropa]] |
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|1999 |
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|1999 (inscription); vii, x |
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| Located southwest of the [[Philippine archipelago]]. this 22,202-hectare site includes several [[Karstic cave|karstic caves]] formed by [[limestones]] with various rock formations, and an 8.2-kilometer [[subterranean river]], which flows to the sea. Because of this, its [[Brackish water|brackish]] lower part is prone to tides. With a variety of mountain and marine species, its waters and forests are a vital area for [[biodiversity conservation]].<ref>{{cite web |author=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |title=Puerto-Princesa Subterranean River National Park – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/652 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051119122807/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/652 |archive-date=November 19, 2005 |access-date=January 13, 2018 |publisher=Whc.unesco.org}}</ref> |
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|{{sort|Pleistocene Epoch}} |
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| The site is one of the [[New7Wonders of Nature]], part of the [[Palawan]] UNESCO [[Biosphere Reserve]] and a declared [[List of Ramsar sites in the Philippines|Ramsar Wetland Site]]. |
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|<ref>{{cite web|author=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/652 |title=Puerto-Princesa Subterranean River National Park – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=Whc.unesco.org |access-date=January 13, 2018}}</ref> |
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! scope="row"|[[Mount Hamiguitan|Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary]] |
! scope="row" |[[Mount Hamiguitan|Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary]] |
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|[[File: |
|[[File:Bonsai Forest in Mt Hamaguitan.jpg|150px]] |
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|[[Davao Oriental]] |
|[[Davao Oriental]], [[Davao Region|Davao]] |
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|1403rev; Natural: (x) |
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|[[Davao Region|Davao]] |
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|2014 |
|2014 |
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| Located southeast of the Eastern [[Mindanao]] Biodiversity Corridor, Hamiguitan rises up to 1,637 meters above sea level. There are 1,380 species; of all those deemed threatened and [[endemic]], eight are exclusive to Hamiguitan. Threatened fauna include the [[Mindanao bleeding-heart]] and [[Philippine warty pig]]; critically endangered fauna include the [[Philippine eagle]] and [[Red-vented cockatoo|cockatoo]]; critically endangered flora include the ''[[Shorea polysperma]]'' and ''[[Shorea astylosa]].''<ref>{{cite web |author=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |title=Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1403 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108165720/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1403/ |archive-date=January 8, 2018 |access-date=January 13, 2018 |publisher=Whc.unesco.org}}</ref> |
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|{{sort|Pleistocene Epoch}} |
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| The site is a declared [[ASEAN Heritage Park]]. |
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|<ref>{{cite web|author=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1403 |title=Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=Whc.unesco.org |access-date=January 13, 2018}}</ref> |
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==Tentative list== |
==Tentative list== |
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In addition to sites inscribed on the World Heritage List, member states can maintain a list of tentative sites that they may consider for nomination. Nominations for the World Heritage List are only accepted if the site was previously listed on the tentative list.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tentative Lists |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050924114741/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/ |archive-date=24 September 2005 |access-date=7 October 2010 |publisher=[[UNESCO World Heritage Centre]]}}</ref> |
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{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |
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The following 19 sites are on the Tentative List for the Philippines, meaning that the government intends to consider them for nomination in the future.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/state=ph|title=Tentative Lists: Philippines|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=March 28, 2012}}</ref> The country's heritage-related agencies and groups are currently updating the tentative list for a new list by late 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://opinion.inquirer.net/161126/wanted-more-unesco-world-heritage-sites/amp | title=Wanted: More Unesco World Heritage Sites }}</ref> |
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In 2001, the Heritage Conservation Society started its appeal to the officials of Batanes to establish conservation programs for a possible UNESCO inscription. In 2003, the [[Batanes]] Protected Landscape and Seascape was nominated by the Philippines to become a World Heritage Site, however, the nomination was deferred by UNESCO due to the lack of conservation in the islands at the time. The site officially was put in deferred status in 2005. In 2007, it was put in referred status, pending for the dossier to be submitted by the local authorities of Batanes. In 2008, all the documents were ready except for the dossier. UNESCO set early 2010 as the deadline for the dossier for site inscription, however, the local officials of Batanes failed to make a dossier, and thus, the site was officially taken out from referred status. Due to this, the process of nomination made in 2003 would be repeated again. This failure led to the focus of the Heritage Conservation Society to focus on Mount Hamiguitan, which became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2014. In late 2010, conservationists from the Heritage Conservation Society went to Batanes again and found that non-traditional concrete structures were being established by locals in various sections of the islands, effectively diminishing the site's cultural value. The society appealed to the local government to stop the non-traditional buildings, but the local government lashed out at the society in retaliation. Numerous traditional Ivatan houses were being converted into hollow block houses for the benefit of local politicians. In 2011, the government of Batanes made a late World Heritage bid, but failed due to lack of cultural protections, lack of a holistic dossier, and the establishment of non-traditional buildings which have been approved by the provincial and municipal governments of Batanes at the time. Prompted by failures of past officials, the local governments of Batanes afterwards converged and declared a province-wide cultural and natural conservation program. The National Museum of the Philippines initiated the establishment of a branch museum in the province to preserve Ivatan heritage. The Heritage Conservation Society and National Commission for Culture and the Arts aided the conservation programs led by the Ivatan officials. Once all conservation programs are deemed successful and fulfilled, the Philippines aims to nominate Batanes again within the next decade.<ref>https://beta.philstar.com/headlines/2011/02/09/655400/batanes-bids-unesco-heritage-site-nod {{Bare URL inline|date=March 2022}}</ref><ref>http://www.ivanhenares.com/2010/03/batanes-heritage-in-danger.html {{Bare URL inline|date=March 2022}}</ref> |
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In middle of 2011, 26 cultural workers were accepted for the UNITAR Series on the Management and Conservation of World Heritage Sites with a theme of 'Preparing World Heritage Nominations: Continuity and Change within UNESCO's New Manual'. Out of 26 accepted participants, three were Filipinos, namely, Ivan Henares of the Heritage Conservation Society, Florentino Hornedo of the Batanes nomination consultancy group, and Erwin Sebastian of the National Museum of the Philippines. Three factors were cited for the lack of world heritage declarations in the Philippines, namely, (1) the lack of awareness about UNESCO World Heritage among local stakeholders, especially the indigenous communities, local governments and residents that live around these potential sites, (2) the absence of competent people who are fully aware of the processes involved in preparing and providing the correct documents for nomination as World Heritage, and (3) the lack of government funding to prepare and support these nominations, among many others. It was also noted that describing a nominated property as "unique" is the worst argument one could give for UNESCO nomination as all sites are not unique and there are always similar properties it can be compared with. The Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) based on at least one of the ten criteria should be clearly established as well, according to UNESCO. According to UNESCO, the most important part of the nomination is the Comparative Analysis of the site as extensive comparison with other similar properties is vital to prove OUV and push nomination forward. Due to this, the Filipino delegations acknowledged the need to rewrite the dossier for Batanes, as it was rejected before due to many lacking information for an actual nomination to be accepted by UNESCO. Due to these findings, the Philippine government would later establish a world heritage nomination workshop series from 2016 to 2017 for the tentative sites and possible tentative sites of the country.<ref>http://www.ivanhenares.com/search?q=unesco {{Bare URL inline|date=March 2022}}</ref> By November 2011, Heritage Conservation Society president Ivan Henares and various cultural experts criticized the plan of the Batangas provincial government to establish a 'Hollywood sign' on top of the Taal Volcano, which at the time was included as a tentative site for UNESCO world heritage site nomination. Henares noted that Taal would lose its credibility to be declared as a UNESCO site if the 'sign' project pushes through. The criticism against the project was further enlarged by social media, and a few days later, the provincial government retracted the proposal.<ref>http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/80199/eruption-of-ridicule-greets-batangas-signage-plan {{Bare URL inline|date=December 2021}}</ref> |
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In 2013, [[Typhoon Haiyan]] and the [[2013 Bohol Earthquake]] hit the Central [[Visayas]], damaging numerous heritage sites throughout the region, including sites listed in the Philippine UNESCO Tentative List. In 2014, the faithful restoration of the sites began. |
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In early 2014, the [[Lazi Church]] as a sole site was nominated by the Philippines, however, UNESCO advised the government to prepare a more complete dossier first, including its surrounding heritage structures and domains, making the Old Town of [[Lazi, Siquijor]] a UNESCO-recommended site. Representatives of the site were sent to the World Heritage and Bioshpere Reserve Nomination Workshop in July 1–4 in Vigan City, Ilocos Sur for proper dossier making. The dossier for the site has yet to be completed by the local government unit and the national government. Similar dossiers are being finished by other baroque churches in the country. Once complete, the extension nomination for the Baroque Churches of the Philippines can commence in Paris.<ref>http://www.philippinestoday.net/archives/14678 {{Bare URL inline|date=March 2022}}</ref> Afterwards, the [[National Commission for Culture and the Arts]] launched the ''Sagisag Kultura'', a long-term cultural mapping program that lists and discusses the cultural icons of the Philippines, both intangible and tangible, living and non-living. The program has listed more than 2,000 cultural icons, all of which are accessible to the public and can be downloaded at the commission's website for reference and study.<ref>http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/video/stateofthenation/217370/cultural-mapping-inilunsad-ng-ncca-/video/ {{Bare URL inline|date=December 2021}}</ref> In late 2014, the idea to nominate the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade Route was initiated by the Mexican ambassador to UNESCO with the Filipino ambassador to UNESCO. |
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In March 20, 2015, the UNESCO Tentative List of the Philippines was fully revised after recommendations from the UNESCO itself. The original Tentative List before the March 2015 Revision enlisted 28 sites. Many of the sites removed from the list were sites hit by Typhoon Haiyan and the Bohol Earthquake in 2013. The country announced that it shall revitalize the sites removed from the tentative list first before those sites can be re-submitted in the future. In October 2015, the National Commission for Culture and the Arts announced through their official Instagram account that they shall nominate the ''Sugar Centrals of the Philippines and related properties'' of [[Negros Occidental]] to the World Heritage List in the near future. Though the site has yet to be entered in the tentative list. |
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An Experts' Roundtable Meeting was held at the [[University of Santo Tomas]] (UST) on April 23, 2015 as part of the preparation of the Philippines for the possible transnational nomination of the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade Route to the World Heritage List. The nomination will be made jointly with Mexico. The meeting focused on the ''tornaviaje'', shipyards in the Bicol region, underwater archaeology, maps and cartography, fortifications in the Philippines, food, textile, and historical dimension. The papers presented and discussed during the roundtable meeting will be synthesized into a working document to establish the route's outstanding universal value.<ref name="gov.ph">{{cite web|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2015/04/28/ph-mexico-push-to-nominate-manila-acapulco-galleon-trade-route-to-world-heritage-list/ |title=PH, Mexico push to nominate Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade Route to World Heritage List |publisher=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines |date=April 28, 2015 |access-date=December 14, 2017}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> The Mexican side reiterated that they will also follow suit with the preparations for the route's nomination. Spain has also backed the nomination of the route in the World Heritage List and has also suggested the archives related to the route under the possession of the Philippines, Mexico, and Spain to be nominated as part of another UNESCO list, the Memory of the World Register.<ref>http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2015/07/05/1473367/spain-backs-inclusion-galleon-trade-route-world-heritage-list {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> |
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In August 2015, the Philippine Heritage Map, also known as the Philippine Inventory of Cultural Properties and Historic Events, was launched by Arches, Getty Conservation Institute, and World Monuments Fund, in cooperation with the National Commission for Culture and the Arts, National Museum of the Philippines, and the National Historical Commission of the Philippines. The map is constantly being updated and has aided in the cultural conservation of numerous sites throughout the country.<ref>https://www.philippineheritagemap.org/index.htm {{Bare URL inline|date=March 2022}}</ref> In early 2016, the Heritage City of Malolos was cited by cultural experts as a site with huge potential to become a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the future. However, no organization has yet pushed for the inclusion of the heritage city in the UNESCO tentative list.<ref>http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/230187/malolos-kamestisuhan-could-rival-vigans-mestizo-district-as-heritage-site/ {{Bare URL inline|date=March 2022}}</ref> |
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In March 2016, the Heritage Conservation Society appealed to numerous sugar central site owners in the Philippines to preserve their respective heritage sugar mills and other structures, especially those in Negros island and Pampanga province.<ref>http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/773638/preserve-old-sugar-mill-property-developer-urged {{Bare URL inline|date=December 2021}}</ref> In September 2016, the Heritage Conservation Society announced that the ''Negros Sugar Heritage Sites'' are now in the process of making a dossier. The society identified at least 6 heritage clusters so far. Once the dossier is complete, the society intends to formally message the Philippine National Commission to UNESCO so that the site can be added in the tentative list, making the site eligible for UNESCO nomination. The society noted that it will take several years for the nomination to be finalized, as it was the normal timeline for a World Heritage inclusion.<ref>https://thedailyguardian.net/negros/negros-sugar-heritage-sites-up-for-unesco-nomination/ {{Bare URL inline|date=March 2022}}</ref> |
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In April 14–15, 2016, the first leg of the Pamana {Heritage) Workshop of the Philippine government was administered in Puerto Princesa, Palawan. The second leg was administered on September 15–16, 2016 in Mati, Davao Oriental. The third and last leg was administered in Legaspi City, Albay on March 23–24, 2017. During the three Pamana Workshops, the government undertook UNESCO conferences to prepare the dossiers of the 19 existing UNESCO tentative sites in the country, notably [[Mayon]] Natural and Cultural Landscape, [[Coron Island|Coron]] Natural Biotic Area, [[Mount Mantalingahan]] Protected Landscape, and the [[Chocolate Hills]] Natural Monument. The government also invited the administrators of sites not included yet in the tentative list. The government plans to nominate Filipino sites in the UNESCO [[World Heritage List]], UNESCO Lists of Intangible Cultural Heritage, UNESCO Memory of the World Register, and the UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserve by 2018, while acknowledging the fact that the UNESCO declaration of Filipino nominations may take more time to be recognized by the organization, as traditionally, nominations don't get declared as UNESCO sites or elements on the exact year of nomination.<ref>http://www.unesco.gov.ph/ph-natcom-holds-3rd-leg-of-the-pamana-workshop-series/ {{Bare URL inline|date=March 2022}}</ref><ref>http://bicol-u.edu.ph/bu/thebuzzette/news/buOFJqlvq1ljY {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> In June 2016, Heritage Conservation Society president Ivan Henares, with aid from the US embassy, successfully initiated the cultural-tourism program for the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, which benefits the indigenous communities of the site. The program was part of a series of projects aimed to revitalize the sanctuary's outstanding universal value, so that it may be eligible for re-submission in the UNESCO tentative list, as it was removed from the list in 2015 due to negative effects of the 2013 catastrophes that hit the area.<ref>http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/230651/manobo-group-in-agusan-rediscovers-identity-pride-in-place/ {{Bare URL inline|date=March 2022}}</ref> In August 2016, the Gabaldon-style Schools of the Philippines were cited as potential UNESCO sites.<ref>http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/236509/gabaldon-school-building-in-bauan-batangas-faces-demolition/ {{Bare URL inline|date=March 2022}}</ref> In November 2017, [[University of the Philippines]] School of Urban and Regional Planning (UP-SUPR) Professor Mario delos Reyes, along with other proponents, announced that the entire island of Bohol is in the process of being nominated as a UNESCO Global Geopark. The university named Hinagdanan Cave, Maribojoc Uplift, Inabanga Wall, and the Chocolate Hills as the focal properties of the Bohol Global Geopark. The Chocolate Hills in Bohol is currently in the tentative list for UNESCO world heritage sites. The university also noted that they have made explorations on the geology of Puerto Princesa Underground River, Ilocos Sand Dunes, Taal Seascape, and other geo-areas that may be declared as Global Geoparks in the future. The university pointed that it aims to have Bohol be declared as the first UNESCO Global Geopark in the Philippines. Once declared, Bohol's geology will be protected by UNESCO, and the Chocolate Hills Natural Monument will have a better chance to be declared as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.<ref>http://pia.gov.ph/index.php/news/articles/1002270 {{Bare URL inline|date=March 2022}}</ref> |
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In February 2018, majority of the sites that were damaged or completely destroyed during the 2013 central Viasayas earthquake and super typhoon Haiyan were restored to their original state using advance technology that made it possible to restore the sites in the most faithful way possible, effectively preserving the outstanding universal value of the sites.<ref>http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/regions/644861/baclayon-church-in-bohol-fully-restored-reopened/story/ {{Bare URL inline|date=December 2021}}</ref> The [[National Commission for Culture and the Arts]] also initiated a program to 3D laser scan all UNESCO cultural World Heritage Sites in the country as preparation for disasters in the future, so that reconstruction of the sites can be as faithful to the original as possible, if disaster strikes again. The program for world heritage site 3-D scanning will end in March 2018, but the commission aims to further the program to include sites not yet listed as World Heritage Sites, especially those within fault lines such as Metro Manila, Negros, Cebu, Bohol, Northern Mindanao, and the Cordilleras.<ref>http://www.interaksyon.com/filipino-specialists-in-3d-laser-scanning-take-a-swipe-at-preserving-unesco-world-heritage-sites/ {{Bare URL inline|date=March 2022}}</ref> In March 2018, the country of [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] formally nominated five of its sites for UNESCO world heritage site designations, prompting international conservationists, including Filipinos, to study Georgia's move. If UNESCO approves all of the five sites as UNESCO sites, it will be an unofficial welcome from UNESCO for countries to nominate more than one site per year, making the Philippines more viable to nominate numerous sites per year.<ref>http://agenda.ge/news/95779/eng {{Bare URL inline|date=March 2022}}</ref> |
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In May 13, 2018, it was announced that [[Mount Mantalingajan|Mount Mantalingahan Protected Landscape]] in southern [[Palawan]] will formally undergo UNESCO's hectic process in administering its possible declaration as a World Heritage Site by 2020. Initially, [[Albay]]'s [[Mayon Volcano]] was also set for declaration by 2020, but did not make the cut after government failed to submit the documents for Mayon Volcano on time.<ref>https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/palawan-news/20180513/281706910325751 {{Bare URL inline|date=March 2022}}</ref>--> |
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{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders toptextcells" |
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|- |
|- |
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|+ {{sronly|World Heritage Sites }} |
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! scope="col" | Type {{small|(criteria)}} |
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! |
! style="width:180px;" scope="col" | Site |
||
! scope="col" | |
! class="unsortable" style="width:150px;" scope="col" | Image |
||
! style="width:100px;" scope="col" | Location ([[Regions of the Philippines|region]]) |
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! scope="col" | Period |
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! style="width:50px;" scope="col" | {{Abbr|UNESCO data|UNESCO reference number and criteria}} |
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! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description |
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! style="width:80px;" scope="col" | Year listed |
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! scope="col" class="unsortable" style="width:8em;" | Image |
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! scope="col" class="unsortable" |
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| Description |
||
|- |
|- |
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! scope="row" | Natural |
! scope="row" |[[Apo Reef|Apo Reef Natural Park]] |
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| [[File:Reef4318 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library.jpg|150px]] |
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| style="font-weight:bold;" | [[Apo Reef|Apo Reef Natural Park]] |
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| [[Sulu Sea]] |
| [[Sulu Sea]] |
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|Natural: (vii)(ix)(x) |
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| Pleistocene Epoch |
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|2006 |
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| The site is the second biggest producer of juvenile marine fishes in the world, next only to the Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park. |
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| The site is the second biggest producer of juvenile marine fishes in the world, next only to the Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park.<ref>{{cite web |title=Apo Reef Natural Park – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5033/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011120138/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5033/ |archive-date=October 11, 2007 |access-date=July 24, 2017 |website=whc.unesco.org}}</ref> |
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| [[File:Reef4318 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library.jpg|150px]] |
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|<ref>{{cite web|title=Apo Reef Natural Park – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5033/|website=whc.unesco.org|access-date=July 24, 2017}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope="row" | |
! scope="row" |Baroque Churches of the Philippines (Extension) |
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| [[File:Church of Tumauini.jpg|150px]] |
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| style="font-weight:bold;" | Baroque Churches of the Philippines (''Extension'')<br />{{bulleted list | item_style=font-size:90%; | [[Loboc Church]] of Bohol | [[Boljoon Church]] of Cebu | [[Guiuan Church]] of Eastern Samar | [[Tumauini Church]] of Isabela | [[Lazi Church]] of Siquijor}} |
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| Various Locations |
| Various Locations |
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|Cultural: (i)(iii)(iv)(v)(vi) |
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| 18th to 19th centuries |
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|2006 |
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| All five baroque churches have been declared as [[List of National Cultural Treasures in the Philippines|National Cultural Treasures of the Philippines]]. |
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| All five baroque churches have been declared as [[List of National Cultural Treasures in the Philippines|National Cultural Treasures of the Philippines]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Baroque Churches of the Philippines (Extension) – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/3860/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719183604/http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/3860/ |archive-date=July 19, 2017 |access-date=July 24, 2017 |website=whc.unesco.org}}</ref> |
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| [[File:Loboc Church facade.jpg|150px]] [[File:Boljoon Church, Cebu.jpg|150px]] [[File:Inmaculada Concepcion Parish Church, Guiuan, Eastern Samar.jpg|150px]] [[File:Church of Tumauini.jpg|150px]] [[File:St Isidore the Laborer Church in Lazi, Siquijor.jpg|150px]] |
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|<ref>{{cite web|title=Baroque Churches of the Philippines (Extension) – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/3860/|website=whc.unesco.org|access-date=July 24, 2017}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope="row" | |
! scope="row" |[[Batanes|Batanes Protected Landscapes and Seascapes]] |
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| style="font-weight:bold;" | [[Batanes|Batanes Protected Landscapes and Seascapes]] |
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| [[Batanes]] |
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| Pleistocene Epoch and 100 AD |
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| The [[Mahatao Church]] of Batanes is a declared [[List of National Cultural Treasures in the Philippines|National Cultural Treasure of the Philippines]]. |
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| [[File:Batanes Hills.png|150px]] |
| [[File:Batanes Hills.png|150px]] |
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| [[Batanes]] |
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|<ref>{{cite web|title=Batanes Protected landscapes and seascapes – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/521/|website=whc.unesco.org|access-date=July 24, 2017}}</ref> |
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|Mixed |
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|1993 |
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| The [[Mahatao Church]] of Batanes is a declared [[List of National Cultural Treasures in the Philippines|National Cultural Treasure of the Philippines]]. n 2003, the [[Batanes]] Protected Landscape and Seascape was nominated, but was deferred due to the lack of conservation in the islands at the time.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Henares |first=Ivan |title=Batanes: Batanes heritage in danger! |url=https://www.ivanhenares.com/2010/03/batanes-heritage-in-danger.html |access-date=2023-09-30 |archive-date=April 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404084127/https://www.ivanhenares.com/2010/03/batanes-heritage-in-danger.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Batanes Protected landscapes and seascapes – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/521/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210112745/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/521/ |archive-date=February 10, 2021 |access-date=July 24, 2017 |website=whc.unesco.org}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope="row" | |
! scope="row" |[[Butuan, Agusan del Norte|Butuan]] Archeological Sites |
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| [[File:Butuan Ivory Seal.jpg|150px]] |
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| style="font-weight:bold;" | [[Butuan, Agusan del Norte|Butuan]] Archeological Sites |
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| [[Agusan del Norte]] |
| [[Agusan del Norte]] |
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|Cultural: (iii)(iv)(v) |
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| 10th century |
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|2006 |
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|The site exemplified and concretized the capability of the pre-Hispanic [[Rajahnate of Butuan]] as a nation with great expertise in boat-making, seafaring, and gold manufacturing. |
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|The site exemplified and concretized the capability of the pre-Hispanic [[Rajahnate of Butuan]] as a nation with great expertise in boat-making, seafaring, and gold manufacturing.<ref>{{cite web |title=Butuan Archeological Sites – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/2071/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210112746/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/2071/ |archive-date=February 10, 2021 |access-date=July 24, 2017 |website=whc.unesco.org}}</ref> |
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| [[File:Butuan Ivory Seal.jpg|150px]] |
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|<ref>{{cite web|title=Butuan Archeological Sites – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/2071/|website=whc.unesco.org|access-date=July 24, 2017}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope="row" | Natural |
! scope="row" |[[Chocolate Hills|Chocolate Hills Natural Monument]] |
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| style="font-weight:bold;" | [[Chocolate Hills|Chocolate Hills Natural Monument]] |
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| [[Bohol]] |
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| Pleistocene Epoch |
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| The site is part of the [[Bohol]] Island UNESCO Global Geopark. |
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| [[File:Chocolate Hills overview.JPG|150px]] |
| [[File:Chocolate Hills overview.JPG|150px]] |
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| [[Bohol]] |
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|<ref>{{cite web|title=Chocolate Hills Natural Monument – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5024/|website=whc.unesco.org|access-date=July 24, 2017}}</ref> |
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|Natural: (vii)(viii) |
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|2006 |
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| The site is part of the [[Bohol]] Island UNESCO Global Geopark.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chocolate Hills Natural Monument – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5024/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210112746/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5024/ |archive-date=February 10, 2021 |access-date=July 24, 2017 |website=whc.unesco.org}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row" | |
! scope="row" |[[Coron Island]] Natural Biotic Area |
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| style="font-weight:bold;" | [[Coron Island]] Natural Biotic Area |
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| [[Palawan]] |
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| Pleistocene Epoch |
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| The site is within the [[Palawan]] UNESCO [[Biosphere Reserve]]. |
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| [[File:Coron - Kayangan Lake.jpg|150px]] |
| [[File:Coron - Kayangan Lake.jpg|150px]] |
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| [[Palawan]] |
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|<ref>{{cite web|title=Coron Island Natural Biotic Area – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5035|website=whc.unesco.org|access-date=July 24, 2017}}</ref> |
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|Mixed: (iii)(ix)(x) |
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|2006 |
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| The site is within the [[Palawan]] UNESCO [[Biosphere Reserve]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Coron Island Natural Biotic Area – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5035 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718121732/http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5035 |archive-date=July 18, 2017 |access-date=July 24, 2017 |website=whc.unesco.org}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope="row" |[[El Nido, Palawan|El Nido]]-[[Taytay, Palawan|Taytay]] Managed Resource Protected Area |
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! scope="row" | Natural: (ix)(x) |
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| [[File:El Nido, 2007-02-08.jpg|150px]] |
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| style="font-weight:bold;" | [[El Nido, Palawan|El Nido]]-[[Taytay, Palawan|Taytay]] Managed Resource Protected Area |
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| [[Palawan]] |
| [[Palawan]] |
||
|Natural: (ix)(x) |
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| Pleistocene Epoch |
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|2006 |
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| The site is within the [[Palawan]] UNESCO [[Biosphere Reserve]]. |
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| The site is within the [[Palawan]] UNESCO [[Biosphere Reserve]].<ref>{{cite web |title=El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5034 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703225537/http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5034 |archive-date=July 3, 2017 |access-date=July 24, 2017 |website=whc.unesco.org}}</ref> |
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| [[File:El Nido, 2007-02-08.jpg|150px]] |
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|<ref>{{cite web|title=El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5034|website=whc.unesco.org|access-date=July 24, 2017}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row" | |
! scope="row" |[[Kabayan Mummies|Kabayan Mummy]] Burial Caves |
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| style="font-weight:bold;" | [[Kabayan Mummies|Kabayan Mummy]] Burial Caves |
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| [[Benguet]] |
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| 100 AD |
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| The site has been listed by the [[World Monuments Fund]] for immediate international conservation. It is a declared [[List of National Cultural Treasures in the Philippines|National Cultural Treasure of the Philippines]]. |
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| |
| |
||
| [[Benguet]] |
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|<ref>{{cite web|title=Kabayan Mummy Burial Caves – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/2070/|website=whc.unesco.org}}</ref> |
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|Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(v)(vi) |
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|2006 |
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| The site has been listed by the [[World Monuments Fund]] for immediate international conservation. It is a declared [[List of National Cultural Treasures in the Philippines|National Cultural Treasure of the Philippines]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kabayan Mummy Burial Caves – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/2070/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160525021603/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/2070/ |archive-date=May 25, 2016 |access-date=September 30, 2023 |website=whc.unesco.org}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row" | Natural |
! scope="row" |[[Mayon Volcano Natural Park]] |
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| style="font-weight:bold;" | [[Mayon Volcano Natural Park]] (MMVNP) |
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| [[Albay]] |
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| Pleistocene Epoch |
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| The site is the central property of the [[Albay]] [[UNESCO]] [[Biosphere Reserve]]. |
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| [[File:Mt.Mayon tam3rd.jpg|150px]] |
| [[File:Mt.Mayon tam3rd.jpg|150px]] |
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| [[Albay]] |
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|<ref>{{cite web|title=Mayon Volcano Natural Park (MMVNP) – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6007|website=whc.unesco.org|access-date=July 24, 2017}}</ref> |
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|Natural: (vii)(x) |
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|2015 |
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| The site is the central property of the [[Albay]] [[UNESCO]] [[Biosphere Reserve]].Initially, it was set for declaration by 2020, but canceled after government failed to submit the site documents on time.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mantalingahan range nominated for World Heritage Site status - PressReader |url=https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/palawan-news/20180513/281706910325751 |access-date=2023-09-30 |via=PressReader |archive-date=May 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524095740/https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/palawan-news/20180513/281706910325751 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mayon Volcano Natural Park (MMVNP) – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070345/http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6007 |archive-date=September 4, 2017 |access-date=July 24, 2017 |website=whc.unesco.org}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope="row" | |
! scope="row" |[[Mounts Iglit-Baco National Park]] |
||
| |
| [[File:Mount Iglit (Mounts Iglit - Baco National Park, Occidental Mindoro, Philippines) - panoramio (1).jpg|150px]] |
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| [[Mindoro]] |
| [[Mindoro]] |
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|Natural: (ix)(x) |
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| Pleistocene Epoch |
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|2015 |
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| The site is a declared [[ASEAN Heritage Park]]. |
|||
| The site is a declared [[ASEAN Heritage Park]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mt. Iglit-Baco National Park – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5036/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210112809/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5036/ |archive-date=February 10, 2021 |access-date=July 24, 2017 |website=whc.unesco.org}}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Mount Iglit (Mounts Iglit - Baco National Park, Occidental Mindoro, Philippines) - panoramio (1).jpg|150px]] |
|||
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Mt. Iglit-Baco National Park – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5036/|website=whc.unesco.org|access-date=July 24, 2017}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row" | Natural |
! scope="row" |[[Mount Malindang]] Range Natural Park |
||
| style="font-weight:bold;" | [[Mount Malindang]] Range Natural Park |
|||
| [[Misamis Occidental]] |
|||
| Pleistocene Epoch |
|||
| The site is a declared [[ASEAN Heritage Park]]. |
|||
| [[File:Mount malindang landsat.jpg|150px]] |
| [[File:Mount malindang landsat.jpg|150px]] |
||
| [[Misamis Occidental]] |
|||
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5029/|website=whc.unesco.org|access-date=July 24, 2017}}</ref> |
|||
|Natural: (vii)(ix)(x) |
|||
|2006 |
|||
| The site is a declared [[ASEAN Heritage Park]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5029/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616130015/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5029/ |archive-date=June 16, 2018 |access-date=July 24, 2017 |website=whc.unesco.org}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row" | |
! scope="row" |[[Mount Mantalingajan]] Protected Landscape |
||
| style="font-weight:bold;" | [[Mount Mantalingajan]] Protected Landscape |
|||
| [[Palawan]] |
|||
| Pleistocene Epoch |
|||
| The site is part of the [[Palawan]] UNESCO [[Biosphere Reserve]]. |
|||
| [[File:Mount mantalingahan palawan.jpg|150px]] |
| [[File:Mount mantalingahan palawan.jpg|150px]] |
||
| [[Palawan]] |
|||
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6006/|website=whc.unesco.org|access-date=July 24, 2017}}</ref> |
|||
|Natural: (ix)(x) |
|||
|2015 |
|||
| The site is part of the [[Palawan]] UNESCO [[Biosphere Reserve]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6006/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417164230/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6006/ |archive-date=April 17, 2015 |access-date=July 24, 2017 |website=whc.unesco.org}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row" | |
! scope="row" |[[Mount Pulag]] National Park |
||
| [[File:Ph mtpulag.jpg|150px]] |
|||
| style="font-weight:bold;" | [[Mount Pulag]] National Park |
|||
| [[Ifugao]], [[Nueva Vizcaya]], and [[Benguet]] |
| [[Ifugao]], [[Nueva Vizcaya]], and [[Benguet]] |
||
|Natural: (ix)(x) |
|||
| Pleistocene Epoch |
|||
|2006 |
|||
| The site is the third highest point in the Philippines. |
|||
| The site is the third highest point in the Philippines.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mt. Pulag National Park – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5030/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210112808/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5030/ |archive-date=February 10, 2021 |access-date=September 30, 2023 |website=whc.unesco.org}}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Ph mtpulag.jpg|150px]] |
|||
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Mt. Pulag National Park – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5030/|website=whc.unesco.org}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row" |[[Lal-lo and Gattaran Shell Middens|Neolithic Shell Midden Sites in Lal-lo and Gattaran]] Municipalities |
|||
! scope="row" | Cultural: (ii)(iii)(iv)(v) |
|||
| style="font-weight:bold;" | [[Lal-lo and Gattaran Shell Middens|Neolithic Shell Midden Sites in Lal-lo and Gattaran]] Municipalities |
|||
| [[Cagayan]] |
|||
| Neolithic Period |
|||
| The site is the largest shell midden zone in the Philippine archipelago. |
|||
| [[File:Jones Isabela.JPG|150px]] |
| [[File:Jones Isabela.JPG|150px]] |
||
| [[Cagayan]] |
|||
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Neolithic Shell Midden Sites in Lal-lo and Gattaran Municipalities – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5019/|website=whc.unesco.org|access-date=July 24, 2017}}</ref> |
|||
|Cultural: (ii)(iii)(iv)(v) |
|||
|2006 |
|||
| The site is the largest [[shell midden]] zone in the Philippine archipelago.<ref>{{cite web |title=Neolithic Shell Midden Sites in Lal-lo and Gattaran Municipalities – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5019/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210112809/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5019/ |archive-date=February 10, 2021 |access-date=July 24, 2017 |website=whc.unesco.org}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row" | Natural |
! scope="row" |[[Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park]] and Outlying Areas Inclusive of the Buffer Zone |
||
| style="font-weight:bold;" | [[Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park]] and Outlying Areas Inclusive of the Buffer Zone |
|||
| [[Isabela (province)|Isabela]] |
|||
| Pleistocene Epoch |
|||
| The site is the largest national park in the Philippines. |
|||
| [[File:Ultrabasic forests above 1200 m at Barangay Diddadungan - ZooKeys-266-001-g006.jpg|150px]] |
| [[File:Ultrabasic forests above 1200 m at Barangay Diddadungan - ZooKeys-266-001-g006.jpg|150px]] |
||
| [[Isabela (province)|Isabela]] |
|||
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park and outlying areas inclusive of the buffer zone – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5037|website=whc.unesco.org|access-date=July 24, 2017}}</ref> |
|||
|Natural: (ix)(x) |
|||
|2006 |
|||
| The site is the largest national park in the Philippines.<ref>{{cite web |title=Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park and outlying areas inclusive of the buffer zone – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5037 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719205512/http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5037/ |archive-date=July 19, 2017 |access-date=July 24, 2017 |website=whc.unesco.org}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row" | |
! scope="row" |Paleolithic Archaeological Sites in [[Cagayan Valley]] |
||
| [[File:Callao Cave.jpg|150px]] |
|||
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Paleolithic Archaeological Sites in [[Cagayan Valley]]<br />{{bulleted list | item_style=font-size:90%; | [[Awidon Mesa Formation]] Paleolithic Sites of Solana in Cagayan Province | [[Callao Cave|Callao Limestone Formation]] Paleolithic Sites of Peñablanca in Cagayan Province}} |
|||
| [[Cagayan Valley]] |
| [[Cagayan Valley]] |
||
|Cultural: (ii)(iii)(iv)(v) |
|||
| Paleolithic Period |
|||
|2006 |
|||
| The site includes the location where the bone fragments of [[Callao Man]], the oldest hominid found in the Philippines, was found. The site is also where ''Homo luzonensis'', a new human species, was found. Callao Man has since been reclassified as part of ''Homo luzonensis''. |
|||
| The site includes the location where the bone fragments of [[Callao Man]], the oldest hominid found in the Philippines, was found. The site is also where ''Homo luzonensis'', a new human species, was found. Callao Man has since been reclassified as part of ''Homo luzonensis''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Paleolithic Archaeological Sites in Cagayan Valley – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/2069/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210112745/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/2069/ |archive-date=February 10, 2021 |access-date=July 24, 2017 |website=whc.unesco.org}}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Callao Cave.jpg|150px]] |
|||
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Paleolithic Archaeological Sites in Cagayan Valley – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/2069/|website=whc.unesco.org|access-date=July 24, 2017}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row" | |
! scope="row" |Petroglyphs and Petrographs of the Philippines |
||
| [[File:To Learn The Past.jpg|150px]] |
|||
| style="font-weight:bold;" | Petroglyphs and Petrographs of the Philippines<br />{{bulleted list | item_style=font-size:90%; | [[Angono Petroglyphs]] of Rizal | [[Alab Petroglyphs]] of Mountain Province | [[Penablanca Petrographs]] of Cagayan Province | [[Singnapan Caves Petrographs]] of southern Palawan | [[Anda Peninsula Petrographs]] of Eastern Bohol}} |
|||
| Various Locations |
| Various Locations |
||
|Cultural: (iii) |
|||
| Paleolithic Period |
|||
|2006 |
|||
| The sites in Singnapan, Alab, and Angono have been declared as [[List of National Cultural Treasures in the Philippines|National Cultural Treasures of the Philippines]]. The site in Angono has been listed by [[World Monuments Fund]]. |
|||
| The sites in Singnapan, Alab, and Angono have been declared as [[List of National Cultural Treasures in the Philippines|National Cultural Treasures of the Philippines]]. The site in Angono has been listed by [[World Monuments Fund]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Petroglyphs and Petrographs of the Philippines – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5018/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222223802/http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5018/ |archive-date=December 22, 2019 |access-date=July 24, 2017 |website=whc.unesco.org}}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:To Learn The Past.jpg|150px]] |
|||
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Petroglyphs and Petrographs of the Philippines – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5018/|website=whc.unesco.org|access-date=July 24, 2017}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row" | |
! scope="row" |The [[Tabon Caves|Tabon Cave]] Complex and all of Lipuun |
||
| [[File:TabonCaves.JPG|150px]] |
|||
| style="font-weight:bold;" | The [[Tabon Caves|Tabon Cave]] Complex and all of Lipuun |
|||
| [[Palawan]] |
| [[Palawan]] |
||
|Cultural: (ii)(iii)(iv)(v) |
|||
| Paleolithic Period |
|||
|2006 |
|||
| The site is a declared [[List of National Cultural Treasures in the Philippines|National Cultural Treasure of the Philippines]] due to the [[Tabon Man]] discovery in the area. It was listed by the [[World Monuments Fund]]. |
|||
| The site is a declared [[List of National Cultural Treasures in the Philippines|National Cultural Treasure of the Philippines]] due to the [[Tabon Man]] discovery in the area. It was listed by the [[World Monuments Fund]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Tabon Cave Complex and all of Lipuun – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1860 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825111332/http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1860 |archive-date=August 25, 2017 |access-date=July 24, 2017 |website=whc.unesco.org}}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:TabonCaves.JPG|150px]] |
|||
|<ref>{{cite web|title=The Tabon Cave Complex and all of Lipuun – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1860|website=whc.unesco.org|access-date=July 24, 2017}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row" | |
! scope="row" |[[Turtle Islands, Tawi-Tawi|Turtle Islands]] Wildlife Sanctuary |
||
| [[File:Total internal reflection of Chelonia mydas .jpg|150px]] |
|||
| style="font-weight:bold;" | [[Turtle Islands, Tawi-Tawi|Turtle Islands]] Wildlife Sanctuary |
|||
| [[Tawi-Tawi]] |
| [[Tawi-Tawi]] |
||
|Natural: (ix)(x) |
|||
| Pleistocene Epoch |
|||
|2015 |
|||
| The site is a major green sea turtle breeding and hatchery zone in the Asia-Pacific. |
|||
| The site is a major green sea turtle breeding and hatchery zone in the Asia-Pacific.<ref>{{cite web |title=Turtle Islands Wildlife Sanctuary – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6008/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210112809/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6008/ |archive-date=February 10, 2021 |access-date=September 30, 2023 |website=whc.unesco.org}}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Total internal reflection of Chelonia mydas .jpg|150px]] |
|||
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Turtle Islands Wildlife Sanctuary – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6008/|website=whc.unesco.org}}</ref> |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
== See also == |
== See also == |
||
{{Portal|Philippines|Architecture|Environment}} |
|||
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}} |
|||
* [[ |
* [[List of Intangible Cultural Heritage elements in the Philippines]] |
||
* [[Culture of the Philippines]] |
|||
* [[Architecture of the Philippines]] |
|||
* [[Philippine Registry of Cultural Property]] |
|||
* [[List of protected areas of the Philippines]] |
* [[List of protected areas of the Philippines]] |
||
* [[List of Ramsar sites in the Philippines]] |
|||
* [[Biosphere reserves of the Philippines]] |
|||
* [[Archaeology of the Philippines]] |
|||
* [[Intangible Cultural Heritage of the Philippines]] |
* [[Intangible Cultural Heritage of the Philippines]] |
||
* [[Lists of Cultural Properties of the Philippines]] |
* [[Lists of Cultural Properties of the Philippines]] |
||
* [[National Commission for Culture and the Arts]] |
|||
* [[Tourism in the Philippines]] |
|||
* [[List of national parks of the Philippines]] |
* [[List of national parks of the Philippines]] |
||
* [[List of mosques in the Philippines]] |
|||
{{div col end}} |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
Latest revision as of 04:28, 14 December 2023
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972.[1] The convention established that cultural heritage consists of monuments (such as architectural works, monumental sculptures, or inscriptions), groups of buildings, and sites (including archaeological sites). Meanwhile, natural heritage consists of physical and biological formations, geological and physiographical formations (including habitats of threatened flora and fauna), and sites used for scientifical research and/or conservation, as well as those regarded for its natural aesthetic.[2]
The Republic of the Philippines ratified the convention on September 19, 1985, making its historical and natural sites eligible for inclusion on the list. The country had its first sites (the Baroque Churches and Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park) included in 1993, and now has six sites, the latest being the Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary in 2014. Of those six sites, three each are cultural and natural.[3] In addition, the government of the Philippines has also put 19 sites on the tentative list, meaning that they intend to consider them for nomination in the future.[4] The lack of World Heritage Sites were mainly reasoned to little awareness among locals, the absence of competent people involved, and the lack of government funding.[5] One site, the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras, was once listed as a World Heritage in Danger due to the lack of conservation and monitoring efforts.
World Heritage Sites
UNESCO lists sites under ten criteria; each entry must meet at least one of the criteria. Criteria i through vi are cultural, and vii through x are natural.[6]
Site | Image | Location (region) | UNESCO data | Year listed | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baroque Churches of the Philippines | City of Manila; Ilocos Sur; Ilocos Norte; Iloilo, Western Visayas | 677bis; Cultural: (ii), (iv) | 1993 | During the Spanish colonial period between the 16th and 18th centuries, Spain designed four Roman Catholic churches in the Philippines, with the help of Chinese and Filipino workers. They are the Churches of San Agustin (pictured), Santa Maria, Paoay, and Miagao. Using a modified Baroque architecture style, it was built using local materials to withstand the country's climate, and thus paved the way for the expansion of churches in the country.[7] | |
Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park | Palawan, Mimaropa | 653bis; Natural: (vii), (ix), (x) | 1993 | Located at the heart of the Sulu Sea, this site includes the reef's northern and southern atoll, as well as the Jessie Beazley Reef, totalling at 96,828 hectares. In addition to a 100-meter coral reef, it houses 360 coral and around 700 fish species, notably whales, dolphins, sharks, turtles, and the humphead wrasse. It also has one of the few seabird colonies on Earth.[8] A battery of barracudas is pictured. | |
Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras | Ifugao, Cordillera | 722; Cultural: (iii), (iv), (v) | 1995 | This site includes the Banaue, Mayoyao, Hungduan, and Nagacadan Rice Terraces. They were established 2,000 years prior to inscription in pre-colonial Philippines, by the local Ifugao people. Despite its shared, unique heights and steepness, each have their own facade. Banaue in particular consists of two terraces: Bangaan and Batad (pictured), both located nearby a village. From 2001 to 2012, with the lack of a conservation and monitoring effort, UNESCO listed it as a World Heritage in Danger.[9][10] | |
Historic City of Vigan | Ilocos Sur, Ilocandia | 502rev; Cultural: (ii), (iv) | 1999 | Vigan is a city built during the Spanish colonial period in the 16th century. Situated at the delta of the Abra River, it used to be a trading post. The 17.25-hectare site displays its architecture, a fusion of Filipino, Chinese, European, and Mexican architecture. For instance, some parts do not fully conform to the grid plan as required by the Laws of the Indies. The two plazas, Salcedo and Burgos, contain a cathedral, an archbishop palace, a city hall, and the Provincial Capitol Building. In total, there are 233 historic buildings in the site.[11] Pictured is the Calle Crisologo street. | |
Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park | Palawan, Mimaropa | 652rev; Natural: (vii), (x) | 1999 | Located southwest of the Philippine archipelago. this 22,202-hectare site includes several karstic caves formed by limestones with various rock formations, and an 8.2-kilometer subterranean river, which flows to the sea. Because of this, its brackish lower part is prone to tides. With a variety of mountain and marine species, its waters and forests are a vital area for biodiversity conservation.[12] | |
Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary | Davao Oriental, Davao | 1403rev; Natural: (x) | 2014 | Located southeast of the Eastern Mindanao Biodiversity Corridor, Hamiguitan rises up to 1,637 meters above sea level. There are 1,380 species; of all those deemed threatened and endemic, eight are exclusive to Hamiguitan. Threatened fauna include the Mindanao bleeding-heart and Philippine warty pig; critically endangered fauna include the Philippine eagle and cockatoo; critically endangered flora include the Shorea polysperma and Shorea astylosa.[13] |
Tentative list
In addition to sites inscribed on the World Heritage List, member states can maintain a list of tentative sites that they may consider for nomination. Nominations for the World Heritage List are only accepted if the site was previously listed on the tentative list.[14]
Site | Image | Location (region) | UNESCO data | Year listed | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apo Reef Natural Park | Sulu Sea | Natural: (vii)(ix)(x) | 2006 | The site is the second biggest producer of juvenile marine fishes in the world, next only to the Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park.[15] | |
Baroque Churches of the Philippines (Extension) | Various Locations | Cultural: (i)(iii)(iv)(v)(vi) | 2006 | All five baroque churches have been declared as National Cultural Treasures of the Philippines.[16] | |
Batanes Protected Landscapes and Seascapes | Batanes | Mixed | 1993 | The Mahatao Church of Batanes is a declared National Cultural Treasure of the Philippines. n 2003, the Batanes Protected Landscape and Seascape was nominated, but was deferred due to the lack of conservation in the islands at the time.[17][18] | |
Butuan Archeological Sites | Agusan del Norte | Cultural: (iii)(iv)(v) | 2006 | The site exemplified and concretized the capability of the pre-Hispanic Rajahnate of Butuan as a nation with great expertise in boat-making, seafaring, and gold manufacturing.[19] | |
Chocolate Hills Natural Monument | Bohol | Natural: (vii)(viii) | 2006 | The site is part of the Bohol Island UNESCO Global Geopark.[20] | |
Coron Island Natural Biotic Area | Palawan | Mixed: (iii)(ix)(x) | 2006 | The site is within the Palawan UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.[21] | |
El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area | Palawan | Natural: (ix)(x) | 2006 | The site is within the Palawan UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.[22] | |
Kabayan Mummy Burial Caves | Benguet | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(v)(vi) | 2006 | The site has been listed by the World Monuments Fund for immediate international conservation. It is a declared National Cultural Treasure of the Philippines.[23] | |
Mayon Volcano Natural Park | Albay | Natural: (vii)(x) | 2015 | The site is the central property of the Albay UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.Initially, it was set for declaration by 2020, but canceled after government failed to submit the site documents on time.[24][25] | |
Mounts Iglit-Baco National Park | Mindoro | Natural: (ix)(x) | 2015 | The site is a declared ASEAN Heritage Park.[26] | |
Mount Malindang Range Natural Park | Misamis Occidental | Natural: (vii)(ix)(x) | 2006 | The site is a declared ASEAN Heritage Park.[27] | |
Mount Mantalingajan Protected Landscape | Palawan | Natural: (ix)(x) | 2015 | The site is part of the Palawan UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.[28] | |
Mount Pulag National Park | Ifugao, Nueva Vizcaya, and Benguet | Natural: (ix)(x) | 2006 | The site is the third highest point in the Philippines.[29] | |
Neolithic Shell Midden Sites in Lal-lo and Gattaran Municipalities | Cagayan | Cultural: (ii)(iii)(iv)(v) | 2006 | The site is the largest shell midden zone in the Philippine archipelago.[30] | |
Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park and Outlying Areas Inclusive of the Buffer Zone | Isabela | Natural: (ix)(x) | 2006 | The site is the largest national park in the Philippines.[31] | |
Paleolithic Archaeological Sites in Cagayan Valley | Cagayan Valley | Cultural: (ii)(iii)(iv)(v) | 2006 | The site includes the location where the bone fragments of Callao Man, the oldest hominid found in the Philippines, was found. The site is also where Homo luzonensis, a new human species, was found. Callao Man has since been reclassified as part of Homo luzonensis.[32] | |
Petroglyphs and Petrographs of the Philippines | Various Locations | Cultural: (iii) | 2006 | The sites in Singnapan, Alab, and Angono have been declared as National Cultural Treasures of the Philippines. The site in Angono has been listed by World Monuments Fund.[33] | |
The Tabon Cave Complex and all of Lipuun | Palawan | Cultural: (ii)(iii)(iv)(v) | 2006 | The site is a declared National Cultural Treasure of the Philippines due to the Tabon Man discovery in the area. It was listed by the World Monuments Fund.[34] | |
Turtle Islands Wildlife Sanctuary | Tawi-Tawi | Natural: (ix)(x) | 2015 | The site is a major green sea turtle breeding and hatchery zone in the Asia-Pacific.[35] |
See also
- List of Intangible Cultural Heritage elements in the Philippines
- List of protected areas of the Philippines
- Intangible Cultural Heritage of the Philippines
- Lists of Cultural Properties of the Philippines
- List of national parks of the Philippines
References
- ^ "The World Heritage Convention". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on August 27, 2016. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
- ^ "Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on February 1, 2021. Retrieved February 3, 2021.
- ^ "Philippines". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on February 23, 2023. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
- ^ "Tentative Lists: Philippines". UNESCO. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved March 28, 2012.
- ^ Henares, Ivan. "Ivan About Town". Archived from the original on April 4, 2023. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
- ^ "UNESCO World Heritage Centre The Criteria for Selection". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on June 12, 2016. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
- ^ UNESCO World Heritage Centre. "Baroque Churches of the Philippines – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". Whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on April 19, 2020. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
- ^ UNESCO World Heritage Centre. "Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". Whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on January 8, 2018. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
- ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
- ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "World Heritage Committee Inscribes Two Sites on the List of World Heritage in Danger". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved October 3, 2023.
- ^ UNESCO World Heritage Centre. "Historic City of Vigan – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". Whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on January 8, 2018. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
- ^ UNESCO World Heritage Centre. "Puerto-Princesa Subterranean River National Park – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". Whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on November 19, 2005. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
- ^ UNESCO World Heritage Centre. "Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". Whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on January 8, 2018. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
- ^ "Tentative Lists". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on September 24, 2005. Retrieved October 7, 2010.
- ^ "Apo Reef Natural Park – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ^ "Baroque Churches of the Philippines (Extension) – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on July 19, 2017. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ^ Henares, Ivan. "Batanes: Batanes heritage in danger!". Archived from the original on April 4, 2023. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
- ^ "Batanes Protected landscapes and seascapes – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ^ "Butuan Archeological Sites – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ^ "Chocolate Hills Natural Monument – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ^ "Coron Island Natural Biotic Area – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on July 18, 2017. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ^ "El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on July 3, 2017. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ^ "Kabayan Mummy Burial Caves – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on May 25, 2016. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
- ^ "Mantalingahan range nominated for World Heritage Site status - PressReader". Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2023 – via PressReader.
- ^ "Mayon Volcano Natural Park (MMVNP) – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on September 4, 2017. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ^ "Mt. Iglit-Baco National Park – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ^ "Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on June 16, 2018. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ^ "Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on April 17, 2015. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ^ "Mt. Pulag National Park – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
- ^ "Neolithic Shell Midden Sites in Lal-lo and Gattaran Municipalities – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ^ "Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park and outlying areas inclusive of the buffer zone – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on July 19, 2017. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ^ "Paleolithic Archaeological Sites in Cagayan Valley – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ^ "Petroglyphs and Petrographs of the Philippines – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on December 22, 2019. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ^ "The Tabon Cave Complex and all of Lipuun – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on August 25, 2017. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ^ "Turtle Islands Wildlife Sanctuary – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
External links
- Media related to World Heritage Sites in the Philippines at Wikimedia Commons