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This is a '''list of [[dinosaur]]s''' whose remains have been recovered from '''[[North America]]'''. North America has a rich dinosaur fossil record with great diversity of dinosaurs. This may not mean the dinosaurs were more diverse or abundant; it may be simply because substantial resources have been devoted to the North American fossil record. |
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This is a list of [[dinosaur]]s whose remains have been recovered from [[North America]]. North America has a rich dinosaur fossil record with great diversity of dinosaurs. |
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== History == |
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The earliest record of dinosaurs in North America comes from rare, unidentified (possibly [[Theropoda|theropod]]) footprints and teeth in the Middle-Late [[Triassic]] [[Pekin Formation]] of [[North Carolina]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ncgeology.com/CGSfieldtrips/pages/cgs2011stop1.html|title=CGS Interactive Field Trips|website=www.ncgeology.com|access-date=2016-04-13}}</ref> Later in the Triassic period, dinosaurs left more recognizable remains, and could thus be identified as specific genera. Examples of later Triassic North American dinosaur genera include ''[[Coelophysis]]'', ''[[Chindesaurus]]'', ''[[Gojirasaurus]]'', and ''[[Tawa (dinosaur)|Tawa]]''. Fossils of ''Tawa'' have also been found in [[South America]], which has important indications about [[paleogeography]]. During the [[Early Jurassic|Early Jurassic Period]], dinosaurs such as ''[[Dilophosaurus]]'', ''[[Anchisaurus]]'', ''[[Ammosaurus]]'', ''[[Megapnosaurus]]'' (formerly known as ''[[Megapnosaurus|Syntarsus]]''), and the early thyreophoran ''[[Scutellosaurus]]'' lived in North America. The latter is believed to have been the ancestor of all [[stegosaurs]] and [[ankylosaurs]]. The [[Middle Jurassic]] is the only poorly represented time period in North America, although several Middle Jurassic localities are known from Mexico. Footprints, eggshells, teeth, and fragments of bone representing theropods, sauropods, and ornithopods have been found, but none of them are diagnostic to the [[genus]] level. |
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The earliest potential record of dinosaurs in North America comes from rare, unidentified (possibly [[Theropoda|theropod]]) footprints in the Middle-Late [[Triassic]] [[Pekin Formation]] of [[North Carolina]].<ref>HUBER, P. (1998). The oldest Late Triassic footprint assemblage from North America (Pekin Formation, Deep River Basin, North Carolina, USA). ''Southeastern Geology'', ''38''(2), 77-90.</ref> However, the most reliable early record of North American dinosaurs comes from fragmentary [[Saurischia|saurischian]] fossils unearthed from the [[Late Triassic|Upper Triassic]] [[Dockum Group]] of Texas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sarıgül |first=Volkan |date=2018-11-17 |title=New archosauromorph fragments from the Dockum Group of Texas and assessment of the earliest dinosaurs in North America |journal=Historical Biology |volume=30 |issue=8 |pages=1059–1075 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2017.1333609 |s2cid=134371261 |issn=0891-2963}}</ref> Later in the Triassic period, dinosaurs left more recognizable remains, and could be identified as specific genera. Examples of later Triassic North American dinosaur genera include ''[[Coelophysis]]'', ''[[Chindesaurus]]'', ''[[Gojirasaurus]]'', and ''[[Tawa (dinosaur)|Tawa]]''. Fossils of ''Tawa''-like dinosaurs have also been found in South America, which has important indications about [[paleogeography]]. During the [[Early Jurassic|Early Jurassic Period]], dinosaurs such as ''[[Dilophosaurus]]'', ''[[Anchisaurus]]'', ''[[Coelophysis]]'' (formerly known as ''Megapnosaurus''), and the early thyreophoran ''[[Scutellosaurus]]'' lived in North America. The latter is believed to have been the ancestor of all [[stegosaurs]] and [[ankylosaurs]]. The [[Middle Jurassic]] is the only poorly represented time period in North America, although several Middle Jurassic localities are known from Mexico. Footprints, eggshells, teeth, and fragments of bone representing theropods, sauropods, and ornithopods have been found, but none of them are diagnostic to the [[genus]] level. |
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[[File:Going Where the Dinosaurs Roamed In the US.ogv|thumb|[[VOA]] report about North American dinosaurs]] |
[[File:Going Where the Dinosaurs Roamed In the US.ogv|thumb|[[VOA]] report about North American dinosaurs]] |
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The [[Late Jurassic]] of North America, however, is the exact opposite of the Middle Jurassic. The Late Jurassic [[Morrison Formation]] is found in several U.S. states, including [[Colorado]], [[Utah]], [[Wyoming]], [[Montana]], [[New Mexico]], [[Oklahoma]], [[South Dakota]], and [[Texas]]. It is notable as being the most fertile single source of dinosaur fossils in the world. The roster of dinosaurs from the Morrison is impressive. Among the theropods, ''[[Allosaurus]]'', ''[[Saurophaganax]]'', ''[[Torvosaurus]]'', ''[[Ceratosaurus]]'', ''[[Coelurus]]'', ''[[Ornitholestes]]'', ''[[Tanycolagreus]]'', ''[[Stokesosaurus]]'', and ''[[Marshosaurus]]'' are found in the Morrison. An abundance of sauropods has been found there, including ''[[Apatosaurus]]'', ''[[Diplodocus]]'', ''[[Barosaurus]]'', ''[[Brachiosaurus]]'', ''[[Camarasaurus]]'', and ''[[Amphicoelias]]'' |
The [[Late Jurassic]] of North America, however, is the exact opposite of the Middle Jurassic. The Late Jurassic [[Morrison Formation]] is found in several U.S. states, including [[Colorado]], [[Utah]], [[Wyoming]], [[Montana]], [[New Mexico]], [[Oklahoma]], [[South Dakota]], and [[Texas]]. It is notable as being the most fertile single source of dinosaur fossils in the world. The roster of dinosaurs from the Morrison is impressive. Among the theropods, ''[[Allosaurus]]'', ''[[Saurophaganax]]'', ''[[Torvosaurus]]'', ''[[Ceratosaurus]]'', ''[[Coelurus]]'', ''[[Ornitholestes]]'', ''[[Tanycolagreus]]'', ''[[Stokesosaurus]]'', and ''[[Marshosaurus]]'' are found in the Morrison. An abundance of sauropods has been found there, including ''[[Apatosaurus]]'', ''[[Diplodocus]]'', ''[[Barosaurus]]'', ''[[Brachiosaurus]]'', ''[[Camarasaurus]]'', ''[[Brontosaurus]]'' and ''[[Amphicoelias]]''. Three genera of stegosaurs, ''[[Alcovasaurus]]'', ''[[Stegosaurus]]'' and ''[[Hesperosaurus]]'', have been found there. Finally, ornithopods found in the Morrison include ''[[Camptosaurus]], [[Dryosaurus]],'' and ''[[Nanosaurus]]'', |
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During the [[Early Cretaceous]], new dinosaurs evolved to replace the old ones. Sauropods were still present, but they were not as diverse as they were in the Jurassic Period. Theropods from the Early Cretaceous of North America include [[dromaeosaurids]] such as ''[[Deinonychus]]'' and ''[[Utahraptor]]'', ''[[Acrocanthosaurus]]'', and ''[[Microvenator]]''. Sauropods included ''[[Astrodon]]'', ''[[Brontomerus]]'', and ''[[Sauroposeidon]]''. Ornithischians were more diverse than they were in the Jurassic Period. ''[[Tenontosaurus]]'', ''[[ |
During the [[Early Cretaceous]], new dinosaurs evolved to replace the old ones. Sauropods were still present, but they were not as diverse as they were in the Jurassic Period. Theropods from the Early Cretaceous of North America include [[dromaeosaurids]] such as ''[[Deinonychus]]'' and ''[[Utahraptor]]'', the carnosaur ''[[Acrocanthosaurus]]'', and the coelurosaur ''[[Microvenator]]''. Sauropods included ''[[Astrodon]]'', ''[[Brontomerus]]'', and ''[[Sauroposeidon]]''. Ornithischians were more diverse than they were in the Jurassic Period. ''[[Tenontosaurus]]'', ''[[Dakotadon]]'', ''[[Protohadros]]'' are some of the ornithopods that lived during this time period. Ankylosaurs replaced their stegosaur cousins in the Cretaceous. Ankylosaurs from the Early Cretaceous of North America include ''[[Sauropelta]]'' and ''[[Gastonia (dinosaur)|Gastonia]]''. Therizinosaurs such as ''[[Falcarius]]'' are also known from the Early Cretaceous of North America. |
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Finally, the [[Late Cretaceous]] Period, the |
Finally, during the [[Late Cretaceous]] Period, dinosaurs continued to diversify, with the [[Cenomanian]] stage seeing the rise of [[hadrosaurs]] such as ''[[Eolambia]]'', as well as tyrannosaurs such as ''[[Moros intrepidus]]'', which would eventually replace the carnosaurs, like ''[[Siats]]'', as the continent’s apex predators. These groups continued to thrive into the [[Turonian]] stage, in which therizinosaurs like ''[[Nothronychus]]'' and larger ceratopsians such as ''[[Zuniceratops]]'' lived. During the [[Campanian]] stage of the Late Cretaceous, an enormous diversity of dinosaurs is known. Theropods included the tyrannosaurs ''[[Albertosaurus]]'', ''[[Gorgosaurus]]'', ''[[Daspletosaurus]]'', ''[[Teratophoneus]]'', ''[[Bistahieversor]]'', and ''[[Appalachiosaurus]]'', and the dromaeosaurids ''[[Dromaeosaurus]]'', ''[[Saurornitholestes]]'', ''[[Atrociraptor]]'', and ''[[Bambiraptor]]''. Ceratopsians, such as ''[[Pachyrhinosaurus]]'', ''[[Styracosaurus]]'', ''[[Centrosaurus]]'', ''[[Monoclonius]]'', ''[[Brachyceratops]]'' and ''[[Pentaceratops]]'' also existed. Among hadrosaurs,'' [[Hypacrosaurus]], [[Gryposaurus]], [[Kritosaurus]], [[Parasaurolophus]]'', ''[[Corythosaurus]]'', ''[[Lambeosaurus]]'' and ''[[Prosaurolophus]]'' existed. During the latest Cretaceous, the [[Maastrichtian]] age, the diversity of dinosaurs saw a decline from the preceding Campanian stage. North American herbivorous dinosaurs from this time period include the [[titanosaur]] sauropod ''[[Alamosaurus]]'', the ceratopsians ''[[Bravoceratops]]'', ''[[Regaliceratops]]'', ''[[Triceratops]]'', ''[[Leptoceratops]]'', ''[[Torosaurus]]'', ''[[Nedoceratops]]'', ''[[Tatankaceratops]]'' (the latter two possible species of ''Triceratops''), and ''[[Ojoceratops]]'', the pachycephalosaurs ''[[Pachycephalosaurus]]'', ''[[Stygimoloch]]'', ''[[Dracorex]]'', and ''[[Sphaerotholus]]'', the hadrosaurs ''[[Augustynolophus]]'', ''[[Saurolophus]]'' and ''[[Edmontosaurus]]'', the ornithopod ''[[Thescelosaurus]]'' the ankylosaur ''[[Ankylosaurus]]'' and the nodosaurs ''[[Denversaurus]]'', ''[[Glyptodontopelta]]'' and ''[[Edmontonia]]''. Predatory dinosaurs from this time period included the tyrannosaurids ''[[Tyrannosaurus]]'', ''[[Nanotyrannus]]'' (which may just be a juvenile of the former) and ''[[Dryptosaurus]]'', the ornithomimids ''[[Ornithomimus]]'', ''[[Dromiceiomimus]]'', ''[[Struthiomimus]],'' the oviraptorids ''[[Anzu (dinosaur)|Anzu]]'', ''[[Leptorhynchos (dinosaur)|Leptorhynchos]]'' and ''[[Ojoraptorsaurus]]'', the troodontids ''[[Pectinodon]]'', ''[[Paronychodon]]'' and ''[[Troodon]]'', the coelurosaur ''[[Richardoestesia]]'' and the dromaeosaurs ''[[Acheroraptor]]'' and ''[[Dakotaraptor]]''. |
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The only recorded find of a dinosaur fossil in Central America consists of a single femur discovered from [[Middle Cretaceous]] age deposits in [[Comayagua Department]] in the central part of [[Honduras]]. The fossil had been found in January, 1971 by Bruce Simonson and Gregory Horne, though it was later sent to the [[National Museum of Natural History|National Museum of Natural History, USA]] where it is deposited under catalogue number USNM PAL 181339. The discovery was not formally described until 1994 where it was identified as the femur of a small hadrosaur or iguanodontid, probably the former.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Horne |first=Gregory S. |date=1994-03-31 |title=A mid-Cretaceous ornithopod from central Honduras |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.1994.10011548 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=147–150 |doi=10.1080/02724634.1994.10011548 |bibcode=1994JVPal..14..147H |issn=0272-4634}}</ref> The first report of a dinosaur from Central America ever however was a newspaper article published in August of 1933 by Canada's [[Montreal Gazette]], though the story was picked up by several American newspapers. The fossil was an isolated metatarsus that had been collected by [[University of Pennsylvania]] explorer George Mason from woods near [[Olanchito]], Honduras, though a vertebra was also mentioned to be found by locals. The bones have since been lost and their true identity remains indeterminable.<ref>{{Cite web |title=HONDURAS AND THE DINOSAURS - Escuela de Biología |url=https://biologia.unah.edu.hn/museos-y-unidades/ceiticb/articulos/dinosaurs-fossil-honduras/ |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=biologia.unah.edu.hn |language=es}}</ref> |
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The only dinosaur fossil from Central America is a [http://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/geologica/article/download/16576/16695 femur of a ornithopod].,<ref>LUCAS, S. G., 2014: Vertebrate paleontology in Central America: 30 years of progress.- Rev. Geol. Amér. Central, Número</ref><ref name=Horne1>Horne, Gregory S., M. G. Atwood, and Allen P. King. 1974. “Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, and Paleoenvironment of Esquias Formation of Honduras.” AAPG Bulletin 58 (2): 176–88.</ref> discovered in the central part of Honduras in the year 1971 near San Luis, Comayagua Department, by Bruce Simonson and Gregory Horne. It was found in the highest part of the [[Valle de Angeles Redbeds]]. The fossil bone is in the US [[National Museum of Natural History]] in Washington (catalog number USNM PAL 181339). It was identified as ornithopod bone by John Ostrom,<ref name=Horne1 /> and by Nicholas Hotton as the right femur of a small hadrosaur.<ref>Horne, Gregory S. 1994. “A Mid-Cretaceous Ornithopod from Central Honduras.” Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14 (1): 147–50</ref> |
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==Criteria for inclusion== |
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There is also an older report of dinosaur fossil from Honduras documented only in US newspapers at 1933, but not scientifically documented . This report comments the discovery of a dinosaur ankle bone near the town of Olanchito, Yoro Department, Honduras; by the explorer Gregory Mason. This information is described on page 9 of The Washington Post of August 23, 1933, on page 8 of the newspaper The Norwalk Hour August 24, 1933<ref>https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=TVcpAAAAIBAJ&sjid=EW4FAAAAIBAJ&hl=es&pg=3853%2C4175165</ref> and on page 6 of Nebraska newspaper The Plattsmouth Journal of August 21 of 1933<ref>http://nebnewspapers.unl.edu/lccn/sn95069723/1933-08-21/ed-1/seq-6/</ref> |
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*The genus must appear on the [[List of dinosaur genera]]. |
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*At least one named species of the creature must have been found in [[North America]]. |
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*This list is a complement to [[:Category:Mesozoic dinosaurs of North America]]. |
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== List of North American dinosaurs == |
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=== Valid genera<!--dinosaurs that do not have a note on [[List of dinosaur genera]] and don't redirect, and have their taxonomy template set within Dinosauria but outside Avialae--> === |
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List of North American dinosaurs |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%" |
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[[File:Alamosaurus sanjuanensis dinosaur.png|thumb|right|150px|''[[Alamosaurus]]''.]] |
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[[File:Albertaceratops BW.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Albertaceratops]]''.]] |
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[[File:Allosaurus BW.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Allosaurus]]''.]] |
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[[File:Anatotitan BW.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Anatotitan]]''.]] |
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[[File:Anchiceratops dinosaur.png|thumb|right|150px|''[[Anchiceratops]]''.]] |
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[[File:Ankylosaurus dinosaur.png|thumb|right|150px|''[[Ankylosaurus]]''.]] |
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[[File:Apatosaurus33.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Apatosaurus]]''.]] |
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[[File:Barosaurus-sketch3.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Barosaurus]]''.]] |
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[[File:Brachyceratops BW.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Brachyceratops]]''.]] |
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[[File:Brachylophosaurus-v4.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Brachylophosaurus]]''.]] |
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[[File:Camarasaurs1.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Camarasaurus]]''.]] |
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[[File:Cerasinops BW.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Cerasinops]]''.]] |
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[[File:Ceratosaurus NT.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Ceratosaurus]]''.]] |
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[[File:Coelophysis-bauri head.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Coelophysis]]''.]] |
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[[File:Coelurus BW.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Coelurus]]''.]] |
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[[File:Corythosaurus3.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Corythosaurus]]''.]] |
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[[File:Deinonychus BW-2.png|thumb|right|150px|''[[Deinonychus]]''.]] |
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[[File:Diabloceratops BW.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Diabloceratops]]''.]] |
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[[File:Dilophosaurus.png|thumb|right|150px|''[[Dilophosaurus]]''.]] |
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[[File:Diplodocus carng1DB.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Diplodocus]]''.]] |
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[[File:Edmontonia dinosaur.png|thumb|right|150px|''[[Edmontonia]]''.]] |
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[[File:Edmontosaurus BW.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Edmontosaurus]]''.]] |
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[[File:Gryposaurus BW.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Gryposaurus]]''.]] |
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[[File:Hypacrosaurus-v2.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Hypacrosaurus]]''.]] |
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[[File:Monoclonius dinosaur.png|thumb|right|150px|''[[Monoclonius]]''.]] |
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[[File:Pentaceratops dinosaur.png|thumb|right|150px|''[[Pentaceratops]]''.]] |
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[[File:Rubeosaurus.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Rubeosaurus]]''.]] |
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[[File:Saurolophus debivort.png|thumb|right|150px|''[[Saurolophus]]''.]] |
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[[File:Scutellosaurus.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Scutellosaurus]]''.]] |
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[[File:Stegosaurus BW.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Stegosaurus]]''.]] |
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[[File:Torvosaurus tanner DBi.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Torvosaurus]]''.]] |
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[[File:Triceratops BW.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Triceratops]]''.]] |
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[[File:Tyrannosaurus BW.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Tyrannosaurus]]''.]] |
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[[File:Utahceratops NT.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Utahceratops]]''.]] |
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[[File:Utahraptor BW.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Utahraptor]]''.]] |
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[[File:Zuniceratops BW.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''[[Zuniceratops]]''.]] |
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:{| class="sortable wikitable" |
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! Name !! Period !! Diet<ref>Diet is sometimes hard to determine for dinosaurs and should be considered a "best guess"</ref>!! Notes |
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|- |
|- |
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! Name |
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| ''[[Abydosaurus]]'' || Early Cretaceous || herbivore || Last known sauropod until appearance of Alamosaurus |
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! Year |
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! Formation |
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! Location |
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! Notes |
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! Images<!--Life restorations are preferred, but in the absence of accurate ones, skeletons and size charts may be used instead--> |
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|- |
|- |
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| ''[[Abydosaurus]]'' |
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| ''[[Achelousaurus]]'' || Late Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
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| 2010 |
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| [[Cedar Mountain Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Albian]]) |
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| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
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| Had a short domed crest on its skull similar to that of ''[[Giraffatitan]]'' |
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| [[File:Abydosaurus NT.jpg|200px]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| ''[[Acantholipan]]'' |
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| ''[[Acheroraptor]]'' || Late Cretaceous || carnivore || Latest known dromaeosaurid |
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| 2018 |
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| [[Pen Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Santonian]]) |
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| {{flag|Mexico}}<br />({{flag|Coahuila}}) |
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| Known to possess spike-like osteoderms |
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| [[File:Acantholipan gonzalezi.jpg|200px]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| ''[[Achelousaurus]]'' |
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| ''[[Acristavus]]'' || Late Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
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| 1994 |
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| [[Two Medicine Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
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| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
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| Combines long spikes on the top of its frill and a low keratinous boss over its eyes and nose |
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| [[File:Achelousaurus dinosaur.png|200px]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| ''[[Acheroraptor]]'' |
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| ''[[Acrocanthosaurus]]'' || Early Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
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| 2013 |
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| [[Hell Creek Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
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| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
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| One of the geologically youngest dromaeosaurids |
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| [[File:Acheroraptor NT small.jpg|200px]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| ''[[Acristavus]]'' |
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| ''[[Acrotholus]]'' || Early Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
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| 2011 |
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|- style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" |
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| |
| [[Two Medicine Formation]], [[Wahweap Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
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| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}<br />{{flag|Utah}}) |
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| Uniquely for a hadrosaurid, it lacked any ornamentation on its skull |
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| [[File:Acristavus.jpg|200px]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| ''[[Acrocanthosaurus]]'' |
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| ''[[Agujaceratops]]'' || Late Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
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| 1950 |
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| [[Antlers Formation]], [[Arundel Formation]], [[Cloverly Formation]], [[Twin Mountains Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Aptian]] to [[Albian]]) |
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| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Maryland}}<br />{{flag|Oklahoma}}<br />{{flag|Texas}}<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
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| Possessed elongated neural spines that would have supported a low sail or hump in life |
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| [[File:Acrocanthosaurus restoration.jpg|200px]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| ''[[Acrotholus]]'' |
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| ''[[Ahshislepelta]]'' || Late Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
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| 2013 |
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| [[Milk River Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Santonian]]) |
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| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
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| Had a tall, oval-shaped dome |
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| [[File:Acrotholus NT.jpg|200px]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| ''[[Adelolophus]]'' |
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| ''[[Alamosaurus]]'' || Late Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
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| 2014 |
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| [[Wahweap Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
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| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
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| Potentially a close relative of ''[[Parasaurolophus]]''<ref>{{cite journal | title=The first duckbill dinosaur (Hadrosauridae: Lambeosaurinae) from Africa and the role of oceanic dispersal in dinosaur biogeography | last1=Longrich | first1=Nicholas R. | last2=Suberbiola | first2=Xabier Pereda | last3=Pyron | first3=R. Alexander | last4=Jalil | first4=Nour-Eddine | journal=Cretaceous Research | year=2021|volume=120|page=104678 | doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104678| bibcode=2021CrRes.12004678L | s2cid=228807024 | doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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| [[File:Adelolophus LM.png|200px]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| ''[[Agujaceratops]]'' |
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| ''[[Alaskacephale]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
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| 2006 |
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| [[Aguja Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
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| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Texas}}) |
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| The type species was originally assigned to the genus ''[[Chasmosaurus]]'' |
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| [[File:Agujaceratops life restoration.jpg|200px]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| ''[[Ahshislepelta]]'' |
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| ''[[Albertaceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
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| 2011 |
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| [[Kirtland Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
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| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}) |
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| Relatively small compared to other North American ankylosaurs |
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| [[File:Ahshislepelta LM.png|200px]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| ''[[Akainacephalus]]'' |
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| ''[[Albertadromeus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
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| 2018 |
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| [[Kaiparowits Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
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| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
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| Much of the skeleton is known, including the entirety of the skull |
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| [[File:Akainacephalus (updated).png|200px]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| ''[[Alamosaurus]]'' |
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| ''[[Albertonykus]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore/insectivore || — |
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| 1922 |
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| [[Black Peaks Formation]], [[El Picacho Formation]], [[Evanston Formation]]?, [[Javelina Formation]], [[North Horn Formation]], [[Ojo Alamo Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
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| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}<br />{{flag|Texas}}<br />{{flag|Utah}}<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}?) |
|||
| The only titanosaur confirmed to have crossed into North America. One of the largest dinosaurs known from the continent<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.4202/app.2010.0105| title = The First Giant Titanosaurian Sauropod from the Upper Cretaceous of North America| journal = Acta Palaeontologica Polonica| volume = 56| issue = 4| page = 685| year = 2011| last1 = Fowler | first1 = D. W. | last2 = Sullivan | first2 = R. M. | citeseerx = 10.1.1.694.3759| s2cid = 53126360}}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Alamosaurus-sanjuanensis.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Alaskacephale]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Albertosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 2006 |
|||
| [[Prince Creek Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Alaska}}) |
|||
| Had an array of polygonal nodes on its [[squamosal]] |
|||
| [[File:Alaskacephale gangloffi copia.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Albertaceratops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Aletopelta]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2007 |
|||
| [[Oldman Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Possessed long brow horns and a bony ridge over its nose |
|||
| [[File:Albertaceratops BW.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Albertadromeus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Allosaurus]]'' || Jurassic || carnivore || — |
|||
| 2013 |
|||
| [[Oldman Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| The proportions of its hindlimb suggest a cursorial lifestyle |
|||
| [[File:Albertadromeus syntarsus.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Albertavenator]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Ammosaurus]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore/omnivore || — |
|||
| 2017 |
|||
| [[Horseshoe Canyon Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Its discovery suggests the diversity of small dinosaurs may be higher than previously thought |
|||
| [[File:Albertavenator LM.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Albertonykus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Amphicoelias]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2009 |
|||
| [[Horseshoe Canyon Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| May have used its specialized forelimbs to dig into tree trunks for termites<ref>{{cite journal |last=Longrich |first=Nicholas R. |author2=Currie, Philip J. |year=2009 |title=''Albertonykus borealis'', a new alvarezsaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Maastrichtian of Alberta, Canada: Implications for the systematics and ecology of the Alvarezsauridae |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages= 239–252|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2008.07.005 |bibcode=2009CrRes..30..239L }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Albertonykus borealis.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Albertosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Anasazisaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1905 |
|||
| [[Horseshoe Canyon Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Known from more than thirty specimens, twenty-six of which are preserved together<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Eberth | first1 = David A. | last2 = Currie | first2 = Philip J. | year = 2010 | title = Stratigraphy, sedimentology, and taphonomy of the ''Albertosaurus'' bonebed (upper Horseshoe Canyon Formation; Maastrichtian), southern Alberta, Canada | journal = Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences | volume = 47 | issue = 9| pages = 1119–1143 | doi = 10.1139/e10-045 | bibcode = 2010CaJES..47.1119E }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Albertosaurus NT small.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Aletopelta]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Anatotitan]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2001 |
|||
| [[Point Loma Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|California}}) |
|||
| Would have lived in present-day Mexico; its fossils were only found in California due to the shifting of tectonic plates |
|||
| [[File:Aletopelta NT.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Allosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Anchiceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1877 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Kimmeridgian]] to [[Tithonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}<br />{{flag|Utah}}<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Multiple specimens have been discovered, making it well-known both popularly and scientifically. At least two species are known from the United States, with a third described from Portugal |
|||
| [[File:Allosaurus Revised.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Ampelognathus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Anchisaurus]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2023 |
|||
| [[Lewisville Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Cenomanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Texas}}) |
|||
| More closely related to iguanodonts than to the morphologically similar "hypsilophodonts"<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tykoski |first=Ronald S. |last2=Contreras |first2=Dori L. |last3=Noto |first3=Christopher |date=2023-10-13 |title=The first small-bodied ornithopod dinosaur from the Lewisville Formation (middle Cenomanian) of Texas|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2023.2257238 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |doi=10.1080/02724634.2023.2257238 |issn=0272-4634|doi-access=free }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Ampelognathus.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Amphicoelias]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Angulomastacator]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1878 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Tithonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}) |
|||
| Originally believed to date from the Cretaceous |
|||
| [[File:Amphicoelias17DB2.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Anasazisaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Animantarx]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1993 |
|||
| [[Kirtland Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}) |
|||
| May have been a second species of ''[[Kritosaurus]]''<ref>Prieto-Márquez, A. 2014. "Skeletal morphology of Kritosaurus navajovius (Dinosauria:Hadrosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of the North American south-west, with an evaluation of the phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of Kritosaurini". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 12(2): 133-175</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Anasazisaurus LM.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Anchiceratops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Ankylosaurus]]'' || Late Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1914 |
|||
| [[Horseshoe Canyon Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Had a long, rectangular frill ringed by short, triangular spikes |
|||
| [[File:Anchiceratops dinosaur.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Anchisaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Anodontosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1885 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" |
|||
| [[Portland Formation]] ([[Early Jurassic]], [[Hettangian]] to [[Sinemurian]]) |
|||
| ''[[Antrodemus]]'' || Jurassic || carnivore || Probably synonymous with ''[[Allosaurus]]'', see article |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Connecticut}}<br />{{flag|Massachusetts}}) |
|||
| Some possible remains were originally misidentified as human skeletons<ref>{{cite journal|last=Smith|first=Nathan|title=Fossil bones found in red sandstones|journal=American Journal of Science|year=1820|volume=2|pages=146–147}}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Anchisaurus NT.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Angulomastacator]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Anzu (dinosaur)|Anzu]]'' || Cretaceous || omnivore || — |
|||
| 2009 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" |
|||
| [[Aguja Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| ''[[Apatodon]]'' || (unknown) || (unknown) || Highly dubious, see article |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Texas}}) |
|||
| The tip of its jaw was angled 45 degrees downward, with the tooth row bent to match |
|||
| [[File:Angulomastacator LM.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Animantarx]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Apatosaurus]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore || Formerly known as ''Brontosaurus'' |
|||
| 1999 |
|||
| [[Cedar Mountain Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]] to [[Late Cretaceous]], [[Albian]] to [[Cenomanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Its holotype was discovered during a radiological survey of a fossil site; no bones were exposed before it was excavated |
|||
| [[File:Animantarx 04829.JPG|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Ankylosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Appalachiosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1908 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #88bbbb; color:#ffe" |
|||
| [[Ferris Formation]], [[Frenchman Formation]], [[Hell Creek Formation]], [[Lance Formation]], [[Scollard Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| ''[[Arkansaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}<br />{{flag|Saskatchewan}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| The largest and most well-known ankylosaur |
|||
| [[File:Ankylosaurus magniventris by sphenaphinae.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Anodontosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Arrhinoceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1929 |
|||
| [[Horseshoe Canyon Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]] to [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Originally mistakenly believed to have been toothless |
|||
| [[File:Anodontosaurus LM.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Anzu wyliei|Anzu]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Astrodon]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2014 |
|||
| [[Hell Creek Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}<br />{{flag|North Dakota}}<br />{{flag|South Dakota}}) |
|||
| Large and known from considerably good remains. Preserves evidence of a tall head crest |
|||
| [[File:Anzu wyliei.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Apatoraptor]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Astrophocaudia]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2016 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" |
|||
| [[Horseshoe Canyon Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| ''[[Atlantosaurus]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore || — |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Quill knobs preserved on its ulna confirm this species had wings |
|||
| [[File:Apatoraptor NT small.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Apatosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Atrociraptor]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1877 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Kimmeridgian]] to [[Tithonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}<br />{{flag|New Mexico}}<br />{{flag|Oklahoma}}<br />{{flag|Utah}}<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Had a characteristically robust skeleton compared to other diplodocids |
|||
| [[File:Apatosaurus louisae by durbed.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Appalachiosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Augustynolophus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2005 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" |
|||
| [[Demopolis Chalk]], [[Donoho Creek Formation]]?, [[Tar Heel Formation]]? ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| ''[[Aublysodon]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Alabama}}<br />{{flag|North Carolina}}?<br />{{flag|South Carolina}}?) |
|||
| The most complete theropod known from [[Appalachia (landmass)|the eastern side of North America]] |
|||
| [[File:Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Aquilarhinus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Avaceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2019 |
|||
| [[Aguja Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Texas}}) |
|||
| May have been a semiaquatic, coastal species that used its unusual, shovel-shaped bill to scoop up vegetation in wet sediment<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Prieto-Márquez|first1=Albert|last2=Wagner|first2=Jonathan R.|last3=Lehman|first3=Thomas|date=2020|title=An unusual 'shovel-billed' dinosaur with trophic specializations from the early Campanian of Trans-Pecos Texas, and the ancestral hadrosaurian crest|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14772019.2019.1625078?journalCode=tjsp20|journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology|volume=18|issue=6|pages=461–498|doi=10.1080/14772019.2019.1625078|s2cid=202018197}}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Aquilarhinus LM.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Aquilops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Bambiraptor]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 2014 |
|||
| [[Cloverly Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Albian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| May have had a short horn protruding from its upper beak |
|||
| [[File:Aquilops NT small.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Arkansaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Barosaurus]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2018 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #88bbbb; color:#ffe" |
|||
| [[Trinity Group]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Aptian]] to [[Albian]]) |
|||
| ''[[Beelemodon]]'' || Jurassic || (unknown) || — |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Arkansas}}) |
|||
| State dinosaur of Arkansas. Its generic name was in use informally even before its formal description |
|||
| [[File:Arkansaurus NT.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Arrhinoceratops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Bistahieversor]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1925 |
|||
| [[Horseshoe Canyon Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]] to [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Described as lacking a nasal horn although this is an artifact of preservation |
|||
| [[File:Arrhinoceratops BW.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Astrodon]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Brachiosaurus]]'' || Jurassic/Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1859 |
|||
| [[Antlers Formation]]?, [[Arundel Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Albian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Maryland}}<br />{{flag|Oklahoma}}?) |
|||
| State dinosaur of Maryland |
|||
| [[File:Astrodon johnstoni.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Astrophocaudia]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Brachyceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || Only juvenile fossils found so far |
|||
| 2012 |
|||
| [[Trinity Group]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Albian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Texas}}) |
|||
| Known from a single partial skeleton |
|||
| [[File:Astrophocaudia LM.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Atlantosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Brachylophosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1877 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Kimmeridgian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}) |
|||
| Potentially synonymous with ''[[Apatosaurus]],''<ref>Taylor, M.P. (2010). "Sauropod dinosaur research: a historical review." Pp. 361-386 in Moody, R.T.J., Buffetaut, E., Naish, D. and Martill, D.E. (eds.), ''Dinosaurs and Other Extinct Saurians: A Historical Perspective''. London: The Geological Society, Special Publication No. 34.</ref> but a referred species may represent a separate taxon<ref name=Atlantosaurus2>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.7717/peerj.857| title = A specimen-level phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Diplodocidae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda)| journal = PeerJ| volume = 3| pages = e857| year = 2015| last1 = Tschopp | first1 = E. | last2 = Mateus | first2 = O. V. | last3 = Benson | first3 = R. B. J. | pmid=25870766 | pmc=4393826| doi-access = free}}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Atlantosaurus montanus.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Atrociraptor]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Bravoceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2004 |
|||
| [[Horseshoe Canyon Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Had a short, deep snout with enlarged teeth |
|||
| [[File:Atrociraptor.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Aublysodon]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Brontomerus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| |
| 1868 |
||
| [[Judith River Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| ''[[Brontosaurus]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore || — |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Only known from teeth |
|||
| [[File:Aublysodon.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Augustynolophus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Camarasaurus]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2014 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" |
|||
| [[Moreno Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| ''[[Camposaurus]]'' || Triassic || carnivore || Dubious, see article |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|California}}) |
|||
| State dinosaur of California. Originally named as a species of ''[[Saurolophus]]'' |
|||
| [[File:Augustynolophus NT.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Avaceratops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Camptosaurus]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1986 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #88bbbb; color:#ffe" |
|||
| |
| [[Judith River Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Lacked the fenestrae in its frill, a feature shared only with ''[[Triceratops]]'' |
|||
| [[File:Avaceratops dinosaur.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Bambiraptor]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Caseosaurus]]'' || Triassic || carnivore || — |
|||
| 2000 |
|||
| [[Two Medicine Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Small but well-preserved enough to display its mix of dinosaur- and bird-like features |
|||
| [[File:Bambiraptor reconstruction.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Barosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Cathetosaurus]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1890 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Tithonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|South Dakota}}<br />{{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Similar to ''[[Diplodocus]]'' but larger and with a longer neck |
|||
| [[File:Barosize.svg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Bistahieversor]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Cedarosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2010 |
|||
| [[Fruitland Formation]], [[Kirtland Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}) |
|||
| Analysis of its braincase suggest it behaved like tyrannosaurids despite not being a member of that family<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=McKeown|first1=Matthew|last2=Brusatte|first2=Stephen L.|last3=Williamson|first3=Thomas E.|last4=Schwab|first4=Julia A.|last5=Carr|first5=Thomas D.|last6=Butler|first6=Ian B.|last7=Muir|first7=Amy|last8=Schroeder|first8=Katlin|last9=Espy|first9=Michelle A.|last10=Hunter|first10=James F.|last11=Losko|first11=Adrian S.|date=2020|title=Neurosensory and Sinus Evolution as Tyrannosauroid Dinosaurs Developed Giant Size: Insight from the Endocranial Anatomy of ''Bistahieversor sealeyi''|journal=The Anatomical Record|language=en|volume=303|issue=4|pages=1043–1059|doi=10.1002/ar.24374|pmid=31967416|s2cid=210871038|issn=1932-8494|url=https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/130139156/9._Brusatte.pdf|hdl=20.500.11820/8c657729-91df-4f7c-bca5-b9c469781768|hdl-access=free}}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Bihastieversor NT.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Bisticeratops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Cedarpelta]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2022 |
|||
| [[Kirtland Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}) |
|||
| Preserves bite marks from a tyrannosaurid |
|||
| [[File:Bisticeratops Life Reconstruction.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Borealopelta]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Cedrorestes]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2017 |
|||
| [[Clearwater Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Albian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| So well preserved that several osteoderms, keratin, pigments, and stomach contents are preserved in the positions they would been in while alive, without flattening or shriveling |
|||
| [[File:Borealopelta NT.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Boreonykus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Centrosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || Not to be confused with ''[[Kentrosaurus]]'' |
|||
| 2015 |
|||
| [[Wapiti Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| One of the few dromaeosaurids known from high latitudes |
|||
| [[File:Boreonykus LM.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Brachiosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Cerasinops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1903 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Kimmeridgian]] to [[Tithonian]]) |
|||
| ''[[Ceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}<br />{{flag|Oklahoma}}<br />{{flag|Utah}}<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| A high browser with a tall chest and elongated forelimbs |
|||
| [[File:Brachiosaurus NT new.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Brachyceratops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Ceratosaurus]]'' || Jurassic || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1914 |
|||
| [[Two Medicine Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Only known from juvenile remains. One specimen has been found to represent a subadult ''[[Styracosaurus ovatus]]'' |
|||
| [[File:Brachyceratops BW.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Brachylophosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Chasmosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1953 |
|||
| [[Judith River Formation]], [[Oldman Formation]], [[Wahweap Formation]]? ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}<br />{{flag|Utah}}?) |
|||
| Several specimens preserve extensive soft tissue remains |
|||
| [[File:Brachylophosaurus NT alternate.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Bravoceratops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Chindesaurus]]'' || Triassic || carnivore || — |
|||
| 2013 |
|||
| [[Javelina Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]] to [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Texas}}) |
|||
| May have had a single small horn on the top of its frill |
|||
| [[File:Bravoceratops NT small.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Brontomerus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Chirostenotes]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 2011 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" |
|||
| |
| [[Cedar Mountain Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Aptian]] to [[Albian]]) |
||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" |
|||
| Possessed an enlarged ilium which supported powerful leg muscles, which it may have used to kick away predators |
|||
| ''[[Claorhynchus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || Dubious, see article |
|||
| [[File:Brontomerus.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Brontosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Claosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1879 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Kimmeridgian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Popularly associated with ''[[Apatosaurus]]'' but a 2015 study found enough differences for it to be classified as a separate genus<ref name=Atlantosaurus2 /> |
|||
| [[File:Brontosaurus by Tom Parker.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Caenagnathus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Coahuilaceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1940 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| One of the largest known caenagnathids<ref>G. F. Funston & P. J. Currie (2020) New material of Chirostenotes pergracilis (Theropoda, Oviraptorosauria) from the Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada, Historical Biology, {{doi|10.1080/08912963.2020.1726908}}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Caenagnathus mandible.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Camarasaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Coelophysis]]'' || Triassic || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1877 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]], [[Summerville Formation]]? ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Kimmeridgian]] to [[Tithonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}<br />{{flag|New Mexico}}?<br />{{flag|Oklahoma}}?<br />{{flag|South Dakota}}?<br />{{flag|Utah}}<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Very common and known from multiple specimens |
|||
| [[File:Camarasaurs1.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Camposaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Coelurus]]'' || Jurassic || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1998 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" |
|||
| [[Bluewater Creek Formation]] ([[Late Triassic]], [[Norian]]) |
|||
| ''[[Coelosaurus]]''|| Cretaceous || omnivore|| — |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Arizona}}) |
|||
| Potentially the oldest known neotheropod |
|||
| [[File:Camposaurus arizonensis.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Camptosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Colepiocephale]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1885 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #88bbbb; color:#ffe" |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Oxfordian (stage)|Oxfordian]] to [[Tithonian]]) |
|||
| ''[[Comanchesaurus]]'' || Triassic || (unknown) || — |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| May have fed on tough vegetation as evidenced by extensive wear frequently exhibited on its teeth<ref>Foster, J. (2007). "''Camptosaurus dispar''." ''Jurassic West: The Dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and Their World''. Indiana University Press. p. 219-221.</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Camptosaurus.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Caseosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Coronosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1998 |
|||
| [[Dockum Group]] ([[Late Triassic]], [[Norian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Texas}}) |
|||
| Possibly synonymous with ''[[Chindesaurus]]'' |
|||
| [[File:Caseosaurus ilium.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Cedarosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Corythosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1999 |
|||
| [[Cedar Mountain Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Valanginian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| One specimen preserves over a hundred gastroliths<ref>{{cite book |author=Sanders, F. |author2=Manley, K. |author3=Carpenter, K. |editor=Tanke, Darren |editor2=Carpenter, Ken |chapter=Gastroliths from the Lower Cretaceous sauropod ''Cedarosaurus weiskopfae'' |title=Mesozoic Vertebrate Life: New Research Inspired by the Paleontology of Philip J. Currie |pages=[https://archive.org/details/mesozoicvertebra0000unse/page/166 166–180] |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=2001 |isbn=0-253-33907-3 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/mesozoicvertebra0000unse/page/166 }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Cedarosaurus SW.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Cedarpelta]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Daemonosaurus]]'' || Triassic || carnivore || — |
|||
| 2001 |
|||
| [[Cedar Mountain Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Cenomanian]] to [[Turonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Lacked the extensive cranial ornamentation of later ankylosaurs |
|||
| [[File:Cedarpelta.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Cedrorestes]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Dakotadon]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2007 |
|||
| [[Cedar Mountain Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Valanginian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Known from a partial skeleton. The specific name, ''C. crichtoni'', is named after [[Michael Crichton]], author of ''[[Jurassic Park (novel)|Jurassic Park]]'' |
|||
| [[File:Left ilium of Cedrorestes.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Centrosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Dakotaraptor]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1904 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Hundreds of individuals have been preserved in a single "mega-bonebed"<ref>D.A. Eberth, D.B. Brinkman, V. Barkas, "A centrosaurine mega-bonebed from the Upper Cretaceous of southern Alberta: Implications for behaviour and death events" in New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Ceratopsian Symposium at the Royal Tyrrell Museum, September 2007 (2010).</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Centrosaurus.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Cerasinops]]'' |
|||
|-| ''[[Daspletosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 2007 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" |
|||
| |
| [[Two Medicine Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Combines features of both Asian and American basal ceratopsians |
|||
| [[File:Cerasinops BW.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Ceratops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Deinonychus]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1888 |
|||
| [[Judith River Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Although only known from a few bones, this genus is the namesake of the Ceratopsia and the Ceratopsidae |
|||
| [[File:Ceratops.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Ceratosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Diabloceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1884 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Oxfordian (stage)|Oxfordian]] to [[Tithonian]]) |
|||
| ''[[Diclonius]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}<br />{{flag|Utah}}<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Possessed a row of osteoderms running down its back |
|||
| [[File:Ceratosaurus nasicornis DB.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Chasmosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Dilophosaurus]]'' || Jurassic || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1914 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Known from multiple remains, including various skulls |
|||
| [[File:Chasmosaurus BW.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Chindesaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Diplodocus]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1995 |
|||
| [[Chinle Formation]] ([[Late Triassic]], [[Norian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Arizona}}) |
|||
| May be a herrerasaur or a close relative of ''[[Tawa hallae|Tawa]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Novas|first1=Fernando E.|last2=Agnolin|first2=Federico L.|last3=Ezcurra|first3=Martín D.|last4=Temp Müller|first4=Rodrigo|last5=Martinelli|first5=Agustín G.|last6=Langer|first6=Max C.|date=October 2021|title=Review of the fossil record of early dinosaurs from South America, and its phylogenetic implications|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0895981121001887|journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences|language=en|volume=110|page=103341|doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103341|bibcode=2021JSAES.11003341N }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Chindesaurus femur.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Chirostenotes]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Diplotomodon]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1924 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Originally known only from isolated body parts |
|||
| [[File:Volant Chirostenotes.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Cionodon]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Dracorex]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1874 |
|||
| [[Denver Formation]], [[Judith River Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]] to [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}) |
|||
| Poorly known |
|||
| [[File:Cionodon arctatus.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[ |
| ''[[Citipes]]'' |
||
| 2020 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Some specimens were found as stomach contents of ''[[Gorgosaurus]]''<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1126/sciadv.adi0505 |title=Exceptionally preserved stomach contents of a young tyrannosaurid reveal an ontogenetic dietary shift in an iconic extinct predator |date=2023 |last1=Therrien |first1=François |last2=Zelenitsky |first2=Darla K. |last3=Tanaka |first3=Kohei |last4=Voris |first4=Jared T. |last5=Erickson |first5=Gregory M. |last6=Currie |first6=Philip J. |last7=Debuhr |first7=Christopher L. |last8=Kobayashi |first8=Yoshitsugu |journal=Science Advances |volume=9 |issue=49 |doi-access=free |pmid=38064561 |bibcode=2023SciA....9I.505T |pmc=10846869 }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Citipes elegans.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Claosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Dromaeosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1890 |
|||
| [[Niobrara Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Santonian]] to [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Kansas}}) |
|||
| Historically conflated with other hadrosaurs |
|||
| [[File:Kansas sea2DB.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Coahuilaceratops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Dromiceiomimus]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore(?) || — |
|||
| 2010 |
|||
| [[Cerro del Pueblo Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Mexico}}<br />({{flag|Coahuila}}) |
|||
| Possessed the longest brow horns of any ceratopsian |
|||
| [[File:Coahuilaceratops NT.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Coelophysis]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Dryosaurus]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1889 |
|||
| [[Chinle Formation]] ([[Late Triassic]], [[Carnian]] to [[Rhaetian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Arizona}}<br />{{flag|New Mexico}}) |
|||
| Known from over a thousand specimens, making it one of the more well-known early dinosaurs. Some referred species may belong to their own genera |
|||
| [[File:Coelophysis size.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Coelurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Dryptosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1879 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Kimmeridgian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Potentially an early member of the tyrannosauroid lineage<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.7717/peerj.1032|pmid=26157616|pmc=4476167|title=The phylogenetic affinities of the bizarre Late Cretaceous Romanian theropod ''Balaur bondoc'' (Dinosauria, Maniraptora): Dromaeosaurid or flightless bird?|journal=PeerJ|volume=3|pages=e1032|year=2015|last1=Cau|first1=Andrea|last2=Brougham|first2=Tom|last3=Naish|first3=Darren |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Coelurus BW.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Colepiocephale]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Dyoplosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2003 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" |
|||
| |
| [[Foremost Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Originally described as a species of ''[[Stegoceras]]'' |
|||
| [[File:Colepiocephale updating version.JPG|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Convolosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Dyslocosaurus]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2019 |
|||
| [[Twin Mountains Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Aptian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Texas}}) |
|||
| Before its formal description, it had been informally referred to as the "[[Proctor Lake]] hypsilophodont" |
|||
| [[File:3d model Convolosaurus marri.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Coronosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Dystrophaeus]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2012 |
|||
| [[Oldman Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Had irregular masses of small spikes on the very top of its frill |
|||
| [[File:Coronosaurus NT small.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Corythosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Edmontonia]]'' || Late Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1914 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]], [[Oldman Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Possessed a semicircular crest which may have been used for vocalization |
|||
| [[File:Life reconstruction of Corythosaurus casuarius.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Crittendenceratops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Edmontosaurus]]'' || Late Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2018 |
|||
| [[Fort Crittenden Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Arizona}}) |
|||
| The youngest known member of the Nasutoceratopsini |
|||
| [[File:Crittendenceratops shaded.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Daemonosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Einiosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2011 |
|||
| [[Chinle Formation]] ([[Late Triassic]], [[Rhaetian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}) |
|||
| Unique among early dinosaurs for possessing a short snout with long teeth |
|||
| [[File:Daemonosaurus chauliodus.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Dakotadon]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Eolambia]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2008 |
|||
| [[Lakota Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Barremian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|South Dakota}}) |
|||
| Originally named as a species of ''[[Iguanodon]]'' |
|||
| [[File:Dakotadon restoration.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Dakotaraptor]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Eotrachodon]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2015 |
|||
| [[Hell Creek Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|South Dakota}}) |
|||
| The holotype assemblage may represent a chimera of multiple taxa<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jasinski|first1=Steven E.|last2=Sullivan|first2=Robert M.|last3=Dodson|first3=Peter|date=2020-03-26|title=New Dromaeosaurid Dinosaur (Theropoda, Dromaeosauridae) from New Mexico and Biodiversity of Dromaeosaurids at the end of the Cretaceous|journal=[[Scientific Reports]]|volume=10|issue=1|page=5105|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-61480-7|pmid=32218481|pmc=7099077|bibcode=2020NatSR..10.5105J|issn=2045-2322|doi-access=free}}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Dakotaraptor wiki.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Daspletosaurus]]'' |
|||
|-| ''[[Eotriceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1970 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]], [[Judith River Formation]], [[Oldman Formation]], [[Two Medicine Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| At least three species are known. These have been interpreted as forming an anagenetic lineage<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Warshaw |first1=Elías A.|last2=Fowler |first2=Denver W. |year=2022 |title=A transitional species of ''Daspletosaurus'' Russell, 1970 from the Judith River Formation of eastern Montana |journal=[[PeerJ]] |volume=10 |at=e14461 |doi=10.7717/peerj.14461 |pmid=36452080 |pmc=9703990 |doi-access=free}}</ref> but this hypothesis has been criticized<ref name=Daspletosaurus>{{Cite journal |last1=Scherer |first1=Charlie Roger |last2=Voiculescu-Holvad |first2=Christian |year=2024 |title=Re-analysis of a dataset refutes claims of anagenesis within ''Tyrannosaurus''-line tyrannosaurines (Theropoda, Tyrannosauridae) |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667123003087 |journal=[[Cretaceous Research]] |volume=155 |at=105780 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105780 |issn=0195-6671|doi-access=free }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Daspletosaurus torosus steveoc.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Deinonychus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Epanterias]]'' || Jurassic || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1969 |
|||
| [[Antlers Formation]], [[Arundel Formation]]?, [[Cedar Mountain Formation]]?, [[Cloverly Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Aptian]] to [[Albian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Maryland}}?<br />{{flag|Montana}}<br />{{flag|Oklahoma}}<br />{{flag|Utah}}?<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Its discovery helped researchers realize that dinosaurs were active, warm-blooded animals, kicking off the [[Dinosaur Renaissance]] |
|||
| [[File:Deinonychus ewilloughby.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Denversaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Epichirostenotes]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1988 |
|||
| [[Lance Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|South Dakota}}<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| The youngest known nodosaurid<ref>Bakker, R.T. (1988). "Review of the Late Cretaceous nodosauroid Dinosauria: ''Denversaurus schlessmani'', a new armor-plated dinosaur from the Latest Cretaceous of South Dakota, the last survivor of the nodosaurians, with comments on Stegosaur-Nodosaur relationships". ''Hunteria'' '''1'''(3): 1-23.(1988).</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Denversaurus schlessmani scale.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Diabloceratops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Euoplocephalus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2010 |
|||
| [[Wahweap Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Had a distinctively short and deep skull |
|||
| [[File:Diabloceratops NT.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Diclonius]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Falcarius]]'' || Cretaceous || (disputed) || Apparently in the course of switching from carnivore to herbivore |
|||
| 1876 |
|||
| [[Judith River Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Replaced its teeth in such a way that new teeth could be used at the same time as older ones |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Dilophosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Fruitadens]]''|| Jurassic || omnivore ||— |
|||
| 1970 |
|||
| [[Kayenta Formation]] ([[Early Jurassic]], [[Sinemurian]] to [[Pliensbachian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Arizona}}) |
|||
| Possessed two semicircular crests running along the length of the skull |
|||
| [[File:Dilophosaurus with nest.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Dineobellator]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Galeamopus]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2020 |
|||
| [[Ojo Alamo Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}) |
|||
| Several features of its hands and feet may be adaptations for increased grip strength<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Jasinski|first1=S. E.|last2=Sullivan|first2=R. M.|last3=Dodson|first3=P.|date=2020|title=New Dromaeosaurid Dinosaur (Theropoda, Dromaeosauridae) from New Mexico and Biodiversity of Dromaeosaurids at the end of the Cretaceous|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=10|issue=1|page=5105|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-61480-7|pmid=32218481|pmc=7099077|bibcode=2020NatSR..10.5105J |issn=2045-2322|doi-access=free}}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Dineobellator notohesperus NT.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Diplodocus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Gargoyleosaurus]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1878 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Kimmeridgian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}<br />{{flag|Montana}}<br />{{flag|New Mexico}}<br />{{flag|Utah}}<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Had a long, thin tail. Popularly thought to have been used like a bullwhip<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Myhrvold | first1 = Nathan P. | year = 1997 | title = Supersonic sauropods? Tail dynamics in the diplodocids | journal = Paleobiology | volume = 23 | issue = 4 | pages = 393–409 | doi = 10.1017/S0094837300019801 | bibcode = 1997Pbio...23..393M | s2cid = 83696153 | url = http://doc.rero.ch/record/15579/files/PAL_E1438.pdf }}</ref> but it is possible that it could not handle the stress of supersonic travel<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Conti S, Tschopp E, Mateus O, Zanoni A, Masarati P, Sala G | title = Multibody analysis and soft tissue strength refute supersonic dinosaur tail | journal = Scientific Reports | volume = 12 | issue = 1 | at = 19245 | year = 2022 | pmid = 36482175 | pmc = 9732322 | doi = 10.1038/s41598-022-21633-2 | doi-access = free }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Diplodocus carnegii.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Diplotomodon]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Gastonia (dinosaur)|Gastonia]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1868 |
|||
| [[Hornerstown Formation]]?/[[Navesink Formation]]? ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Jersey}}) |
|||
| Has been suggested to be non-dinosaurian |
|||
| [[File:Diplotomodon.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Dromaeosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Geminiraptor]]'' || Cretaceous || omnivore || — |
|||
| 1922 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]] to [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Analysis of wear on its teeth suggest it preferred tougher prey, including bone |
|||
| [[File:Dromaeosaurus Restoration.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Dromiceiomimus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Glishades]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1972 |
|||
| [[Horseshoe Canyon Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| May be synonymous with ''[[Ornithomimus|Ornithomimus edmontonicus]]'' |
|||
| [[File:Dromiceiomimus 03747.JPG|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Dryosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Glyptodontopelta]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1894 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Kimmeridgian]] to [[Tithonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}<br />{{flag|Utah}}<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Remains of multiple growth stages have been found, including embryoes<ref>{{cite journal | title=Small bones of the hypsilophodontid dinosaur Dryosaurus altus from the Upper Jurassic of Colorado | last1=Galton | first1=Peter M. | last2=Jensen | first2=James A. | journal=The Great Basin Naturalist | volume=33 | issue=22 | pages=129–132|jstor = 41711378|year = 1973}}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:DryosaurusNV.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Dryptosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Gojirasaurus]]'' || Triassic || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1877 |
|||
| [[Hornerstown Formation]]?/[[New Egypt Formation]]? ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Jersey}}) |
|||
| Its discovery showed that theropods were bipedal animals |
|||
| [[File:Dryptosaurus by Durbed.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Dynamoterror]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Gorgosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 2018 |
|||
| [[Menefee Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}) |
|||
| Part of the Teratophoneini, a clade of exclusively southwestern American tyrannosaurs<ref name=Daspletosaurus /> |
|||
| [[File:Dynamoterror right frontal in dorsal and ventral views.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Dyoplosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Gravitholus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1924 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| The holotype specimen preserves skin impressions<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Arbour | first1 = V. M. | last2 = Burns | first2 = M. E. | last3 = Sissons | first3 = R. L. | doi = 10.1671/039.029.0405 | title = A redescription of the ankylosaurid dinosaur ''Dyoplosaurus acutosquameus'' Parks, 1924 (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria) and a revision of the genus | journal = Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology | volume = 29 | issue = 4 | page = 1117 | year = 2009 | bibcode = 2009JVPal..29.1117A | s2cid = 85665879 }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Dyoplosaurus.tif|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Dysganus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Gryphoceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1876 |
|||
| [[Judith River Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Four species have been named, all from isolated teeth |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Dyslocosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Gryposaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1992 |
|||
| [[Lance Formation]]?/[[Morrison Formation]]? ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Kimmeridgian]]?/[[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]?) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Has been suggested to have four claws on its hind limbs |
|||
| [[File:Dyslocosaurus polyonychius.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Dystrophaeus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Hadrosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1877 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Oxfordian (stage)|Oxfordian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Inconsistent in phylogenetic placement, although undescribed remains could further clarify its relationships |
|||
| [[File:Pube di Dystrophaeus.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Edmontonia]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Hagryphus]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1928 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]], [[Horseshoe Canyon Formation]], [[Judith River Formation]]? ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]] to [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}?) |
|||
| Possessed forward-pointing, bifurcated spikes on its shoulders |
|||
| [[File:Edmontonia rugosidens.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Edmontosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Hanssuesia]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1917 |
|||
| [[Frenchman Formation]], [[Hell Creek Formation]], [[Horseshoe Canyon Formation]], [[Lance Formation]], [[Prince Creek Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]] to [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}<br />{{flag|Saskatchewan}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Alaska}}<br />{{flag|Colorado}}<br />{{flag|Montana}}<br />{{flag|North Dakota}}<br />{{flag|South Dakota}}<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Known from multiple well-preserved specimens, including a few "mummies". Several were originally assigned to their own genera and/or species |
|||
| [[File:Edmontosaurus sp. reconstruction.PNG|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Einiosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Haplocanthosaurus]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1994 |
|||
| [[Two Medicine Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Distinguished by its forward-curving nasal horn |
|||
| [[File:Einiosaurus BW.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Eolambia]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Hesperonychus]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1998 |
|||
| [[Cedar Mountain Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Cenomanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Remains of multiple individuals are known, making up much of the skeleton |
|||
| [[File:Eolambia.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Eotrachodon]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Hesperosaurus]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2016 |
|||
| [[Mooreville Chalk]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Santonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Alabama}}) |
|||
| Had a saurolophine-like skull despite its basal position<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Prieto-Marquez |first1=Albert |last2=Erickson |first2=Gregory M. |last3=Ebersole |first3=Jun A. |title=A primitive hadrosaurid from southeastern North America and the origin and early evolution of 'duck-billed' dinosaurs |journal=[[Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology]] |volume = 36|issue = 2|year=2016 |pages=e1054495 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2015.1054495 |bibcode=2016JVPal..36E4495P |s2cid=86032549 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/A_primitive_hadrosaurid_from_southeastern_North_America_and_the_origin_and_early_evolution_of_8216_duck_billed_8217_dinosaurs/1632849 }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Eotrachodon NT small.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Eotriceratops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Hippodraco]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2007 |
|||
| [[Horseshoe Canyon Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| May have been the largest known ceratopsid |
|||
| [[File:Eotriceratops BW.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Epichirostenotes]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Hoplitosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2011 |
|||
| [[Horseshoe Canyon Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Its discovery allowed researchers to connect isolated caenagnathid body parts to each other |
|||
| [[File:Epichirostenotes.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Euoplocephalus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Huehuecanauhtlus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1910 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Unusually, its [[palpebral bone]] was mobile, allowing it to be used as an eyelid<ref>{{cite journal|author=Coombs W.|year=1972|title=The Bony Eyelid of ''Euoplocephalus'' (Reptilia, Ornithischia)|journal=Journal of Paleontology|volume=46|issue=5|pages=637–50|jstor=1303019}}.</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Euoplocephalus BW.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Falcarius]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Hypacrosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2005 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" |
|||
| |
| [[Cedar Mountain Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Valanginian]]) |
||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Transitional between generalized theropods and specialized therizinosaurs |
|||
| [[File:Falcarius reconstruction.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Ferrisaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Iguanacolossus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2019 |
|||
| [[Tango Creek Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|British Columbia}}) |
|||
| Its holotype was discovered close to a railway line<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Arbour|first1=V. M.|last2=Evans|first2=D. C.|date=2019|title=A new leptoceratopsid dinosaur from Maastrichtian-aged deposits of the Sustut Basin, northern British Columbia, Canada|journal=PeerJ|volume=7|pages=e7926|doi=10.7717/peerj.7926|doi-access=free|pmc=6842559|pmid=31720103}}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Ferrisaurus.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Foraminacephale]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Jeyawati]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2016 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]], [[Oldman Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Originally assigned to three different pachycephalosaurid genera |
|||
| [[File:Foraminacephale.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Fosterovenator]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Judiceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2014 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Oxfordian (stage)|Oxfordian]] to [[Tithonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Has been variously described as a ceratosaurid, a tetanuran, or a close relative of ''[[Elaphrosaurus]]''<ref>{{cite journal|first=S.G.|last=Dalman|year=2014|title=New data on small theropod dinosaurs from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Como Bluff, Wyoming, USA|journal=Volumina Jurassica|volume=12|issue=2|pages=181–196|url=http://31.186.81.235:8080/api/files/view/36855.pdf}}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Fosterovenator fíbula.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Fruitadens]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Kaatedocus]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2010 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Tithonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}) |
|||
| One of the smallest known ornithischians<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Butler |first1=Richard J. |last2=Galton |first2=Peter M. |last3=Porro |first3=Laura B. |last4=Chiappe |first4=Luis M. |last5=Henderson |first5=D. M. |last6=Erickson |first6=Gregory M. |year=2010 |title=Lower limits of ornithischian dinosaur body size inferred from a new Upper Jurassic heterodontosaurid from North America |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B |volume=277 |issue=1680 |pages=375–381 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2009.1494 |pmc=2842649 |pmid=19846460}}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Fruitadens.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Furcatoceratops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Kayentavenator]]'' || Jurassic || carnivore || — |
|||
| 2023 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" |
|||
| [[Judith River Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| ''[[Koparion]]'' || Jurassic || (unknown) || — |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Preserves most of the postcranial skeleton, a rarity for ceratopsids. Remains originally identified as ''[[Avaceratops]]'' |
|||
| [[File:Furcatoceratops.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Galeamopus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Kosmoceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2015 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Kimmeridgian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| One specimen is nearly complete, even preserving an associated skull |
|||
| [[File:Galeamopus.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Gargoyleosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Kritosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1998 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Kimmeridgian]] to [[Tithonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Combines features of both ankylosaurids and nodosaurids |
|||
| [[File:Gargoyle.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Gastonia (dinosaur)|Gastonia]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Labocania]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1998 |
|||
| [[Cedar Mountain Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Valanginian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Several concentrations of fossils may suggest this taxon lived in herds<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Kinneer | first1 = B. | last2 = Carpenter | first2 = K. | last3 = Shaw | first3 = A. | title = Redescription of Gastonia burgei (Dinosauria: Ankylosauria, Polacanthidae), and description of a new species | journal = Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen | volume = 282 | issue = 1 | pages = 37–80 | date = 2016 | doi=10.1127/njgpa/2016/0605}}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Gastonia burgei dinosaur.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Geminiraptor]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Lambeosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2010 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" |
|||
| |
| [[Cedar Mountain Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Valanginian]]) |
||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| The proportions of its maxilla are similar to those of Late Cretaceous troodontids |
|||
| [[File:Geminiraptor NT.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Glishades]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Latirhinus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2010 |
|||
| [[Two Medicine Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}} |
|||
| Described as a basal hadrosauroid but may in fact be a juvenile saurolophine hadrosaurid<ref>{{Cite journal |author1=Nicolás E. Campione |author2=Kirstin S. Brink |author3=Elizabeth A. Freedman |author4=Christopher T. McGarrity |author5=David C. Evans |year=2012 |title=''Glishades ericksoni'', an indeterminate juvenile hadrosaurid from the Two Medicine Formation of Montana: implications for hadrosauroid diversity in the latest Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) of western North America |journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments |volume=in press |doi=10.1007/s12549-012-0097-1|s2cid=128568454 }}</ref> |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Glyptodontopelta]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Leptoceratops]]'' ||Late Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2000 |
|||
| [[Ojo Alamo Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]] to [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}) |
|||
| Originally interpreted as possessing a flat mosaic of osteoderms similar to the shields of glyptodonts |
|||
| [[File:Glyptodontopelta mima profile reconstruction.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Gojirasaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Leptorhynchos (dinosaur)|Leptorhynchos]]'' || Late Cretaceous || omnivore || — |
|||
| 1997 |
|||
| [[Dockum Group]] ([[Late Triassic]], [[Norian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}) |
|||
| May be a chimera consisting of undiagnostic theropod bones mixed with pseudosuchian vertebrae<ref>Nesbitt, Irmis and Parker (2007). "A critical re-evaluation of the Late Triassic dinosaur taxa of North America." ''Journal of Systematic Palaeontology'', '''5''' (#2): 209–243.</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Gojirasaurus BW.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Gorgosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Lophorhothon]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1914 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]], [[Judith River Formation]]?, [[Two Medicine Formation]]? ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}?) |
|||
| Dozens of specimens are known |
|||
| [[File:Gorgosaurus 2022 Life Reconstruction.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Gravitholus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Lythronax]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1979 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Potentially synonymous with ''[[Stegoceras]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dyer |first1=Aaron D. |last2=Powers |first2=Mark J. |last3=Currie |first3=Philip J. |date=2023 |title=Problematic putative pachycephalosaurids: Synchrotron µCT imaging shines new light on the anatomy and taxonomic validity of ''Gravitholus albertae'' from the Belly River Group (Campanian) of Alberta, Canada |url=https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/vamp/index.php/VAMP/article/view/29388 |journal=Vertebrate Anatomy Morphology Palaeontology |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=65-110 |doi=10.18435/vamp29388 |issn=2292-1389|doi-access=free }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Gravitholus.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Gremlin slobodorum|Gremlin]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Magnapaulia]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2023 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #88bbbb; color:#ffe" |
|||
| |
| [[Oldman Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Possessed a ridge running along the top of the skull |
|||
| [[File:Gremlin UDL.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Gryphoceratops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Maiasaura]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2012 |
|||
| [[Milk River Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Santonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Potentially the smallest adult ceratopsian known from North America |
|||
| [[File:Gryphoceratops morrisoni.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Gryposaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Marshosaurus]]'' || Jurassic || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1914 |
|||
| [[Bearpaw Formation]]?, [[Dinosaur Park Formation]], [[Javelina Formation]]?, [[Kaiparowits Formation]], [[Two Medicine Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Santonian]] to [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}<br />{{flag|Texas}}?<br />{{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| One specimen preserves impressions of a row of pyramidal scales running along its back<ref>{{cite book |last=Lull |first=Richard Swann |author-link=Richard Swann Lull |author2=Wright, Nelda E. |title=Hadrosaurian Dinosaurs of North America |year=1942 |publisher=Geological Society of America |series=Geological Society of America Special Paper '''40''' |pages=110–117}}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Gryposaurus-notabilis jconway.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Hadrosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Martharaptor]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1858 |
|||
| [[Woodbury Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Jersey}}) |
|||
| Its holotype was the first dinosaur skeleton to be mounted |
|||
| [[File:Hadrosaurus foulkii restoration.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Hagryphus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Megapnosaurus]]'' || Jurassic || carnivore || Formerly known as ''Syntarsus'' |
|||
| 2005 |
|||
| [[Kaiparowits Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Large but only known from a single hand |
|||
| [[File:Hagryphus2.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Hanssuesia]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Medusaceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2003 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]], [[Judith River Formation]], [[Oldman Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| One dome preserves several lesions |
|||
| [[File:Hanssuesia sternbergi.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Haplocanthosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Mercuriceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1903 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #88bbbb; color:#ffe" |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Kimmeridgian]]) |
|||
| ''[[Microcephale]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}<br />{{flag|Montana}}?<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| One of the smallest sauropods of the Morrison Formation |
|||
| [[File:Haplocanthosaurus.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Hesperonychus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Microvenator]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 2009 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #88bbbb; color:#ffe" |
|||
| |
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| A common component of its habitat as indicated by the great number of its remains |
|||
| [[File:Hesperonychus elizabethae pelvis by Nick Longrich.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Hesperornithoides]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Mojoceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2019 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Oxfordian (stage)|Oxfordian]] to [[Tithonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Before its formal description, it had been nicknamed "Lori" |
|||
| [[File:Hesperornithoides.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Hesperosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Monoclonius]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2001 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Kimmeridgian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Two morphotypes of plates are known, which has been interpreted as an indication of [[sexual dimorphism]]<ref>{{cite journal|author=Saitta, E.T.|date=2015|title=Evidence for Sexual Dimorphism in the Plated Dinosaur ''Stegosaurus mjosi'' (Ornithischia, Stegosauria) from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Western USA|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=10|issue=4|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0123503|pmid=25901727|pmc=4406738|bibcode=2015PLoSO..1023503S|at=e0123503|doi-access=free}}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Hesperosaurus restoration.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Hierosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Montanoceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1909 |
|||
| [[Niobrara Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Coniacian]] to [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Kansas}}) |
|||
| Only known from a few bones, including osteoderms |
|||
| [[File:Hierosaurus sternbergi.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Hippodraco]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Mymoorapelta]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2010 |
|||
| [[Cedar Mountain Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Valanginian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Its tooth crowns were shaped like shields |
|||
| [[File:Hippodraco restoration.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Hoplitosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Naashoibitosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1902 |
|||
| [[Lakota Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Barremian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|South Dakota}}) |
|||
| Known from some osteoderms, including spikes, similar to those of ''[[Polacanthus]]'' |
|||
| [[File:Hoplitosaurus marshi.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Huehuecanauhtlus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Nanosaurus]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore (?) || — |
|||
| 2012 |
|||
| Unnamed formation ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Santonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Mexico}}<br />({{flag|Michoacán}}) |
|||
| The southernmost non-hadrosaurid hadrosauroid known from North America<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Angel Alejandro Ramírez-Velasco |author2=Mouloud Benammi |author3=Albert Prieto-Márquez |author4=Jesús Alvarado Ortega |author5=René Hernández-Rivera |year=2012 |title=''Huehuecanauhtlus tiquichensis'', a new hadrosauroid dinosaur (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) from the Santonian (Late Cretaceous) of Michoacán, Mexico |journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=379–395 |doi=10.1139/e11-062 |bibcode=2012CaJES..49..379R |url=http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/e11-062 }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Huehuecanauhtlus tiquichensis copia.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Hypacrosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Nanuqsaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1913 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" |
|||
| [[Horseshoe Canyon Formation]], [[Two Medicine Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]] to [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| ''[[Nanotyrannus]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Some juveniles of this genus were originally interpreted as dwarf lambeosaurines |
|||
| [[File:Life reconstruction of Hypacrosaurus altispinus.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Hypsibema]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Nasutoceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1869 |
|||
| [[Black Creek Group]], [[Ripley Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Missouri}}<br />{{flag|North Carolina}}) |
|||
| Potentially one of the largest non-hadrosaurid hadrosauroids |
|||
| [[File:HypsibemaCrassicaudaVertNC.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Hypsirhophus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Natronasaurus]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1878 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Tithonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}) |
|||
| Usually seen as synonymous with ''[[Stegosaurus]]'' but may be a separate genus due to differences in its vertebrae<ref>{{cite journal|author=Galton, P.M.|year=2010|title=Species of plated dinosaur ''Stegosaurus'' (Morrison Formation, Late Jurassic) of western USA: new type species designation needed|journal=Swiss Journal of Geosciences|volume=103|issue=2|pages=187–198|doi=10.1007/s00015-010-0022-4|s2cid=140688875|doi-access=free}}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Hypsirhophus discurus.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Iani]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Nedcolbertia]]'' || Cretaceous || (unknown) || — |
|||
| 2023 |
|||
| [[Cedar Mountain Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Cenomanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| It and possibly ''[[Tenontosaurus]]'' represent the only known rhabdodontomorphs from North America<ref name=Iani>{{Cite journal | last1=Zanno | first1=Lindsay E. | last2=Gates | first2=Terry A. | last3=Ayrahami | first3=Haviv M. | last4=Tucker | first4=Ryan T. | last5=Makovicky | first5=Peter J. |title=An early-diverging iguanodontian (Dinosauria: Rhabdodontomorpha) from the Late Cretaceous of North America |journal=PLOS ONE |year=2023 |volume=18 |issue=6 |at=e0286042 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0286042 | pmid=37285376 | pmc=10246810 |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Iani UDL.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Iguanacolossus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Nedoceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2010 |
|||
| [[Cedar Mountain Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Valanginian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Large and robustly built |
|||
| [[File:Life restoration of Iguanacolossus.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Invictarx]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Niobrarasaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2018 |
|||
| [[Menefee Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}) |
|||
| Only known from a few bones but can be distinguished from other genera by characters of its osteoderms |
|||
| [[File:Invictarx zephyri.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Issi]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Nodocephalosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2021 |
|||
| [[Fleming Fjord Formation]] ([[Late Triassic]], [[Norian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Greenland}}<br />([[Sermersooq]]) |
|||
| Originally described as an exemplar of ''[[Plateosaurus]]'' |
|||
| [[File:Issi saaneq.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Jeyawati]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Nodosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2010 |
|||
| [[Moreno Hill Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Turonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}) |
|||
| Its [[postorbital]] bone had a rugose texture |
|||
| [[File:Jeyawati NT.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Judiceratops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Nothronychus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2013 |
|||
| [[Judith River Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Unusually, its brow horns were teardrop-shaped in cross-section |
|||
| [[File:Judiceratops tigris by Nick Longrich.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Kaatedocus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Ojoceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2012 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Kimmeridgian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Originally interpreted as a diplodocid although study finds it to be more likely a basal dicraeosaurid<ref name=Kaatedocus>{{Cite journal|author1=John A. Whitlock |author2=Jeffrey A. Wilson Mantilla |year=2020 |title=The Late Jurassic sauropod dinosaur ''{{'}}Morosaurus{{'}} agilis'' Marsh, 1889 reexamined and reinterpreted as a dicraeosaurid |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=40 |issue=6 |pages=e1780600 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2020.1780600 |bibcode=2020JVPal..40E0600W |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Kaatedocus skull.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Kayentavenator]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Ojoraptorsaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 2010 |
|||
| [[Kayenta Formation]] ([[Early Jurassic]], [[Sinemurian]] to [[Pliensbachian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Arizona}}) |
|||
| Described in a book published through an online print-on-demand service |
|||
| [[File:Kayentavenator.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Koparion]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Oohkotokia]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1994 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #88bbbb; color:#ffe" |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Kimmeridgian]]) |
|||
| ''[[Orcomimus]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Known from a single tooth which may have come from a troodontid |
|||
| [[File:Koparion NT.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Kosmoceratops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Ornitholestes]]'' || Jurassic || carnivore || — |
|||
| 2010 |
|||
| [[Kaiparowits Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Possessed fifteen horns and horn-like structures, including eight hornlets folding down from the top of the frill |
|||
| [[File:Kosmoceratops NT small.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Kritosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Ornithomimus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1910 |
|||
| [[El Picacho Formation]]?, [[Javelina Formation]]?, [[Kirtland Formation]], [[Ojo Alamo Formation]]? ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}<br />{{flag|Texas}}) |
|||
| Had an elevated nasal bone with an enlarged nasal cavity to match |
|||
| [[File:Kritosaurus BW.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Labocania]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Orodromeus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1974 |
|||
| [[La Bocana Roja Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Mexico}}<br />({{flag|Baja California}}) |
|||
| Robustly built with particularly strengthened [[Frontal bone|frontal]]s |
|||
| [[File:LabocaniaanomalaSkull.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Lambeosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Oryctodromeus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1923 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Possessed a hollow head crest that varied in shape between species, sexes, and ages. Most familiarly, it was hatchet-shaped in adult male ''L. lambei'' |
|||
| [[File:Lambeosaurus2-v2.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Laosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Osmakasaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1878 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" |
|||
| |
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Oxfordian (stage)|Oxfordian]] to [[Tithonian]]) |
||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Several referred specimens have been reassigned to other taxa |
|||
| [[File:Laosaurus celer pubis.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Latirhinus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Othnielosaurus]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore/omnivore || — |
|||
| 2012 |
|||
| [[Cerro del Pueblo Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Mexico}}<br />({{flag|Coahuila}}) |
|||
| As described, it represented a chimera composed of lambeosaurine and saurolophine remains;<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Ángel Alejandro Ramírez-Velascoa |author2=Jesús Alvarado-Ortega|author3=Espinosa-Arrubarrena |year=2021 |title=Review of the taxonomic affinities of Latirhinus uitstlani, an emblematic Mexican hadrosaurid|journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences|volume=110|page=103391|doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103391|bibcode=2021JSAES.11003391R|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0895981121002388#}}</ref> the exact holotypic bones belonged to a lambeosaurine<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0895981121005344 | title=Taphonomic attributes of the holotype of the lambeosaurine dinosaur Latirhinus uitstlani from the late Campanian of Mexico: Implications for its phylogenetic systematics | last1=Serrano-Brañas | first1=Claudia Inés | last2=Prieto-Márquez | first2=Albert | journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences | year=2022 | volume=114 | page=103689 | doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103689| bibcode=2022JSAES.11403689S }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Life reconstruction of Latirhinus uitstlani.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Lepidus praecisio|Lepidus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Pachycephalosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2015 |
|||
| [[Dockum Group]] ([[Late Triassic]], [[Norian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Texas}}) |
|||
| Muscle scars are preserved on the holotype bones |
|||
| [[File:Lepidus praecisio.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Leptoceratops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Pachyrhinosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1914 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" |
|||
| [[Hell Creek Formation]], [[Lance Formation]], [[Scollard Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| ''[[Palaeopteryx]]'' || Jurassic || (unknown) || Dubious, see article |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" |
|||
| Analysis of its teeth show it could chew like a mammal, an adaptation to eating tough, fibrous plants<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Varriale |first1=Frank |title=Dental microwear reveals mammal-like chewing in the neoceratopsian dinosaur ''Leptoceratops gracilis'' |journal=PeerJ |date=2016 |volume=4 |pages=e2132 |doi=10.7717/peerj.2132 |pmid=27441111 |pmc=4941762 |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
|||
| ''[[Palaeoscincus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| [[File:Leptoceratops BW.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Leptorhynchos gaddisi|Leptorhynchos]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Paluxysaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2013 |
|||
| [[Aguja Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]] to [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Texas}}) |
|||
| Had a slightly upturned mandible similar to those of oviraptorids |
|||
| [[File:Leptorhynchos by Nick Longrich.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Lophorhothon]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Panoplosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1960 |
|||
| [[Black Creek Formation]]?, [[Mooreville Chalk]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Alabama}}<br />{{flag|North Carolina}}?) |
|||
| Although incomplete, the holotype skull preserves evidence of a crest |
|||
| [[File:Lophorhothon atopus.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Lythronax]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Parasaurolophus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2013 |
|||
| [[Wahweap Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Already had the forward-directed orbits of derived tyrannosaurids despite its early age |
|||
| [[File:Lythronax UDL.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Machairoceratops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Parksosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2016 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" |
|||
| |
| [[Wahweap Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Possessed two long, forward-pointing horns on the top of its frill |
|||
| [[File:Machairoceratops NT small.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Magnapaulia]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Pawpawsaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2012 |
|||
| [[El Gallo Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Mexico}}<br />({{flag|Baja California}}) |
|||
| Has been suggested to be semi-aquatic due to its tall, narrow tail<ref>{{cite journal |last=Morris |first=William J. |year=1981 |title=A new species of hadrosaurian dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Baja California: ?''Lambeosaurus laticaudus'' |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=453–462 }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Magnapaulia skeleton.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Maiasaura]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Peloroplites]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1979 |
|||
| [[Oldman Formation]], [[Two Medicine Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Remains of hundreds of individuals, including juveniles, eggs, and nests, have been found at a single site<ref>Dodson, Peter & Britt, Brooks & Carpenter, Kenneth & Forster, Catherine A. & Gillette, David D. & Norell, Mark A. & Olshevsky, George & Parrish, J. Michael & Weishampel, David B. ''The Age of Dinosaurs''. Publications International, LTD. p. 116-117. {{ISBN|0-7853-0443-6}}.</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Maiasaura BW.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Malefica]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Pectinodon]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 2022 |
|||
| [[Aguja Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Texas}}) |
|||
| Its discovery suggests a greater diversity of basal hadrosaurids than previously thought |
|||
| [[File:Malefica.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Maraapunisaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Pentaceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2018 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Kimmeridgian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}) |
|||
| Named from a single, lost vertebra of immense size |
|||
| [[File:Maraapunisaurus.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Marshosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Planicoxa]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1976 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Kimmeridgian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}?<br />{{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Potentially a close relative of South American megalosauroids<ref>{{cite journal | last = Benson | first = Roger B. J. | author-link = Roger Benson | year = 2010 | title = A description of ''Megalosaurus bucklandii'' (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods | journal = [[Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society]] | doi = 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00569.x | volume = 158 | issue = 4 | pages = 882–935 | doi-access = free }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Marshosaurus restoration.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Martharaptor]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Pleurocoelus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2012 |
|||
| [[Cedar Mountain Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Valanginian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Had not yet acquired the robust feet of derived therizinosaurs |
|||
| [[File:Martharaptor.tif|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Medusaceratops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Podokesaurus]]'' || Jurassic || carnivore || — |
|||
| 2010 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" |
|||
| |
| [[Judith River Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Possessed elongated spikes curving away from the sides of its frill |
|||
| [[File:Medusaceratops NT.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Menefeeceratops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Prenoceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2021 |
|||
| [[Menefee Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}) |
|||
| One of the oldest centrosaurines |
|||
| [[File:Menefeeceratops.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Mercuriceratops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Priconodon]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2014 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]], [[Judith River Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Had "wing"-like projections on its [[squamosal]] bones |
|||
| [[File:Mercuriceratops NT small.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Microvenator]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Propanoplosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1970 |
|||
| [[Cloverly Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Albian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Teeth from ''[[Deinonychus]]'' have been mistakenly attributed to this species |
|||
| [[File:Microvenator.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Mierasaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Prosaurolophus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2017 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" |
|||
| [[Cedar Mountain Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Valanginian]]) |
|||
| ''[[Protoavis]]'' || Triassic || carnivore || Dubious, see article |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| One of the latest-surviving turiasaurs<ref name=Mierasaurus>{{cite journal |last1=Royo-Torres |first1=R. |last2=Upchurch |first2=P. |last3=Kirkland |first3=J.I. |last4=DeBlieux |first4=D.D. |last5=Foster |first5=J.R. |last6=Cobos |first6=A. |last7=Alcalá |first7=L. |year=2017 |title=Descendants of the Jurassic turiasaurs from Iberia found refuge in the Early Cretaceous of western USA |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=7 |issue=1 |page=14311 |doi=10.1038/s41598-017-14677-2|pmid=29085006 |pmc=5662694 |bibcode=2017NatSR...714311R }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Mierasaurus Skull.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Moabosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Protohadros]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2017 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" |
|||
| |
| [[Cedar Mountain Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Aptian]]) |
||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Described as a macronarian<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Britt | first1 = B.B. | last2 = Scheetz | first2 = R.D. | last3 = Whiting | first3 = M.F. | last4 = Wilhite | first4 = D.R. | year = 2017 | title = ''Moabosaurus utahensis'', n. gen., n. sp., A New Sauropod From The Early Cretaceous (Aptian) of North America | journal = Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan | volume = 32 | issue = 11 | pages = 189–243 | hdl = 2027.42/136227 | url = https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/136227}}</ref> but has since been reinterpreted as a turiasaur closely related to ''[[Mierasaurus]]''<ref name=Mierasaurus /> |
|||
| [[File:Moabosaurus utahensis restoration.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Monoclonius]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Richardoestesia]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1876 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]], [[Judith River Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Only known from indistinct remains of juveniles and subadults |
|||
| [[File:Monoclonius 07539.JPG|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Montanoceratops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Rubeosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1951 |
|||
| [[Horseshoe Canyon Formation]]?, [[St. Mary River Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Often restored with a short nasal horn although this may be a displaced cheek horn<ref>Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2008) ''Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages'' [http://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/dinoappendix/DinoappendixSummer2008.pdf Supplementary Information]</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Montanoceratops BW.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Moros intrepidus|Moros]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Sarahsaurus]]'' || Jurassic || omnivore || — |
|||
| 2019 |
|||
| [[Cedar Mountain Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Cenomanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| The proportions of its metatarsals are similar to those of ornithomimids |
|||
| [[File:Moros intrepidus reconstruction.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Mymoorapelta]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Saurolophus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1994 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Kimmeridgian]] to [[Tithonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}<br />{{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| The first ankylosaur described from the Morrison Formation |
|||
| [[File:Mymoorapelta maysi.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Naashoibitosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Sauropelta]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1993 |
|||
| [[Kirtland Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}) |
|||
| Like other kritosaurins, it possessed a nasal arch, but it was not as tall as that of ''[[Gryposaurus]]'' |
|||
| [[File:Naashoibitosaurus ostromi.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Nanosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Saurophaganax]]'' || Jurassic || carnivore || Possibly the top land predator of the Late Jurassic |
|||
| 1877 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Oxfordian (stage)|Oxfordian]] to [[Tithonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Several referred specimens were originally assigned to other genera |
|||
| [[File:Nanosaurus.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Nanuqsaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Sauroposeidon]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2014 |
|||
| [[Prince Creek Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Alaska}}) |
|||
| Described as a dwarf tyrannosaurid although undescribed remains suggest a size comparable to ''[[Albertosaurus]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Druckenmiller|first1=Patrick S.|last2=Erickson|first2=Gregory M.|last3=Brinkman|first3=Donald|last4=Brown|first4=Caleb M.|last5=Eberle|first5=Jaelyn J.|date=2021-08-23|title=Nesting at extreme polar latitudes by non-avian dinosaurs|journal=Current Biology|language=en|volume=31|issue=16|pages=3469–3478.e5|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.041|pmid=34171301|s2cid=235631483|issn=0960-9822|doi-access=free}}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Nanuqsaurus hoglundi size chart.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Nasutoceratops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Saurornitholestes]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 2013 |
|||
| [[Kaiparowits Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Possessed an enlarged nasal cavity and two long, curving horns similar to those of modern cattle |
|||
| [[File:Nasutuceratops NT.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Navajoceratops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Scelidosaurus]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2020 |
|||
| [[Kirtland Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}) |
|||
| Had a distinctive notch at the very top of its frill, similar to its potential ancestor ''[[Pentaceratops]]''<ref name=Navajoceratops>{{cite journal |last1=Fowler |first1=D.W. |last2=Freedman Fowler |first2=E.A. |title=Transitional evolutionary forms in chasmosaurine ceratopsid dinosaurs: evidence from the Campanian of New Mexico |journal=PeerJ |date=2020 |volume=8 |page=e9251 |doi=10.7717/peerj.9251|pmid=32547873 |pmc=7278894 |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Navajoceratops.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Nedcolbertia]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Scolosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1998 |
|||
| [[Cedar Mountain Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Valanginian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Known from three partial skeletons. The specific name, ''N. justinhofmanni'', honors a six-year-old schoolboy who won a contest to have a dinosaur named after him |
|||
| [[File:Nedclobertia.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Nevadadromeus]]'' |
|||
| 2022 |
|||
| [[Willow Tank Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Cenomanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Nevada}}) |
|||
| The first non-avian dinosaur described from Nevada |
|||
| [[File:Nevadadromeus reconstruction.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Niobrarasaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Scutellosaurus]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1995 |
|||
| [[Niobrara Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Coniacian]] to [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Kansas}}) |
|||
| Originally mistakenly believed to have been aquatic<ref>Mehl, M. G. 1936. Hierosaurus coleii: a new aquatic dinosaur from the Niobrara Cretaceous of Kansas. Denison University Bulletin, Journal of the Scientific Laboratory 31: 1-20, 3 pls.</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Niobrarasaurus femur.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Nodocephalosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Segisaurus]]'' || Jurassic || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1999 |
|||
| [[Kirtland Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]] to [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}) |
|||
| Closely related to Asian ankylosaurs<ref>{{Cite journal|first1=J.P. |last1=Wiersma |first2=R.B. |last2=Irmis |year=2018 |title=A new southern Laramidian ankylosaurid, ''Akainacephalus johnsoni'' gen. et sp. nov., from the upper Campanian Kaiparowits Formation of southern Utah, USA |journal=PeerJ |volume=6 |pages=e5016 |doi=10.7717/peerj.5016 |pmc=6063217 |pmid=30065856 |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Nodosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Seitaad]]'' || Jurassic || omnivore || — |
|||
| 1889 |
|||
| [[Frontier Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Cenomanian]] to [[Coniacian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Its armor included banded dermal plates interspersed by bony nodules |
|||
| [[File:Nodosaurus 500 TWA.JPG|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Nothronychus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Siats (dinosaur)|Siats]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 2001 |
|||
| [[Moreno Hill Formation]], [[Tropic Shale]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Turonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}<br />{{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Would have lived in the marshes and swamps<ref name=Nothronychus1>{{cite book|last1=Paul|first1=G. S.|title=The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-0-691-16766-4|edition=2nd|location=Princeton, New Jersey}}</ref> along the Turonian shoreline<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hedrick|first1=B. P.|last2=Zanno|first2=L. E.|last3=Wolfe|first3=D. G.|last4=Dodson|first4=P.|date=2015|title=The Slothful Claw: Osteology and Taphonomy of Nothronychus mckinleyi and N. graffami (Dinosauria: Theropoda) and Anatomical Considerations for Derived Therizinosaurids|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=10|issue=6|pages=e0129449|bibcode=2015PLoSO..1029449H|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0129449|doi-access=free|pmc=4465624|pmid=26061728}}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Nothronychus mckinleyi Restoration.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Ojoraptorsaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Silvisaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2011 |
|||
| [[Ojo Alamo Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}) |
|||
| Only known from an incomplete pair of [[Pubis (bone)|pubes]] |
|||
| [[File:Ojoraptorsaurus boerei profile reconstruction.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Oohkotokia]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Sonorasaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2013 |
|||
| [[Two Medicine Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Potentially a synonym of ''[[Scolosaurus]]''<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Arbour | first1 = V. M. | last2 = Currie | first2 = P. J. | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0062421 | editor1-last = Farke | editor1-first = Andrew A | title = Euoplocephalus tutus and the Diversity of Ankylosaurid Dinosaurs in the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada, and Montana, USA | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 8 | issue = 5 | pages = e62421 | year = 2013 | pmid = 23690940| pmc = 3648582 | bibcode = 2013PLoSO...862421A| doi-access = free }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Oohkotokia.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Ornatops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Sphaerotholus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2021 |
|||
| [[Menefee Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}) |
|||
| Preserves a pair of bumps on its skull which may have anchored a crest |
|||
| [[File:Ornatops incantatus.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Ornitholestes]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Spinops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1903 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Kimmeridgian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| May have possessed a sickle claw similar to those of dromaeosaurids<ref>{{cite journal|last=Ostrom|first=John H.|author-link=John Ostrom|year=1969|title=Osteology of ''Deinonychus antirrhopus'', an unusual theropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Montana|journal=Peabody Museum of Natural History Bulletin|volume=30|pages=1–165}}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Ornitholestes reconstruction.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Ornithomimus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Stegoceras]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1890 |
|||
| [[Denver Formation]], [[Dinosaur Park Formation]], [[Ferris Formation]]?, [[Horseshoe Canyon Formation]], [[Kaiparowits Formation]]? ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]] to [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}<br />{{flag|Utah}}?<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| One referred specimen preserves impressions of ostrich-like feathers covering most of its body<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2015.10.004|title=A densely feathered ornithomimid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, Canada|journal=Cretaceous Research|volume=58|pages=108–117|year=2016|last1=Van Der Reest|first1=Aaron J.|last2=Wolfe|first2=Alexander P.|last3=Currie|first3=Philip J.|bibcode=2016CrRes..58..108V }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:"Ornithomimus" sp. by Tom Parker.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Orodromeus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Stegopelta]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1988 |
|||
| [[Two Medicine Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Eggs considered to belong to this taxon may have actually come from a troodontid<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Varricchio | first1 = D.J. | last2 = Jackson | first2 = F. | last3 = Borkowski | first3 = J.J. | last4 = Horner | first4 = J.R. | title = Nest and egg clutches of the dinosaur ''Troodon formosus'' and the evolution of avian reproductive traits | journal = Nature | volume = 385 | issue = 6613 | pages = 247–250 | year = 1997 | doi = 10.1038/385247a0 | bibcode = 1997Natur.385..247V | s2cid = 4313286 }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Orodromeus (pencil 2013).png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Oryctodromeus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Stegosaurus]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2007 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" |
|||
| [[Blackleaf Formation]], [[Wayan Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Cenomanian]]) |
|||
| ''[[Stephanosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Idaho}}<br />{{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Several specimens have been preserved in burrows |
|||
| [[File:Oryctodromeus.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Osmakasaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Stokesosaurus]]'' || Jurassic || carnivore || — |
|||
| 2011 |
|||
| [[Lakota Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Valanginian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|South Dakota}}) |
|||
| Originally named as a species of ''[[Camptosaurus]]'' |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Pachycephalosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Struthiomimus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore/omnivore || — |
|||
| 1943 |
|||
| [[Hell Creek Formation]], [[Lance Formation]], [[Scollard Formation]]? ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}?)<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}<br />{{flag|South Dakota}}<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Possessed a tall, rounded head dome surrounded by bony knobs |
|||
| [[File:Pachycephalosaurus Reconstruction.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Pachyrhinosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Stygimoloch]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1950 |
|||
| [[Horseshoe Canyon Formation]], [[Prince Creek Formation]], [[St. Mary River Formation]], [[Wapiti Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]] to [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Alaska}}) |
|||
| Three species have been named, each with a unique pattern of cranial ornamentation |
|||
| [[File:Pachyrhinosaurus BW.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Palaeoscincus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Styracosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1856 |
|||
| [[Judith River Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Although many restorations depict it with the spikes of ''[[Edmontonia]]'' and the tail club of ''[[Ankylosaurus]]'', this is most likely incorrect |
|||
| [[File:Palaeoscincus costatus.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Panoplosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Supersaurus]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1919 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Unlike other nodosaurs, it lacked enlarged spikes |
|||
| [[File:Panoplosaurus 055.JPG|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Parasaurolophus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Suuwassea]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1922 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]], [[Fruitland Formation]], [[Kaiparowits Formation]], [[Kirtland Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}<br />{{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Possessed a curved, hollow crest that varied in size between species |
|||
| [[File:Parasaurolophus walkeri.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Paraxenisaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Talos (dinosaur)|Talos]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore/omnivore || — |
|||
| 2020 |
|||
| [[Cerro del Pueblo Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Mexico}}<br />({{flag|Coahuila}}) |
|||
| Described as the first deinocheirid from North America |
|||
| [[File:Paraxenisaurus Manual Claw.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Parksosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Tanycolagreus]]'' || Jurassic || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1937 |
|||
| [[Horseshoe Canyon Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Had long toes which may be an adaptation to walking on soft soils in watercourses and marshlands<ref name=Nothronychus1 /> |
|||
| [[File:Parksosaurus Steveoc86.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Paronychodon]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Tatankacephalus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1876 |
|||
| [[Hell Creek Formation]], [[Judith River Formation]], [[Lance Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]] to [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}<br />{{flag|North Dakota}}<br />{{flag|South Dakota}}<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Only known from highly distinctive teeth |
|||
| [[File:Paronychodon.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Pawpawsaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Tatankaceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1996 |
|||
| [[Paw Paw Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]] to [[Late Cretaceous]], [[Albian]] to [[Cenomanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Texas}}) |
|||
| Had enlarged nasal cavities that gave it an acute sense of smell, even more powerful than that of contemporary theropods<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Paulina-Carabajal|first1=A.|last2=Lee|first2=Y.N.|last3=Jacobs|first3=L.L.|year=2016|title=Endocranial Morphology of the Primitive Nodosaurid Dinosaur ''Pawpawsaurus campbelli'' from the Early Cretaceous of North America|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=11|issue=3|pages=e0150845|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0150845|pmid=27007950|pmc=4805287|bibcode=2016PLoSO..1150845P|doi-access=free}}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Pawpawsaurus campbelli.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Pectinodon]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Tawa (dinosaur)|Tawa]]'' || Triassic || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1982 |
|||
| [[Hell Creek Formation]], [[Lance Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Had comb-like serrations on its teeth |
|||
| [[File:Pectinodon UDL.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Peloroplites]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Tenontosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2008 |
|||
| [[Cedar Mountain Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Cenomanian]] to [[Turonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| One of the largest known nodosaurids |
|||
| [[File:Peloroplites price 1.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Pentaceratops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Teratophoneus]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1923 |
|||
| [[Fruitland Formation]], [[Kirtland Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}) |
|||
| Its epijugal bones (the hornlets under its eyes) were relatively large |
|||
| [[File:Pentaceratops BW.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Planicoxa]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Texacephale]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2001 |
|||
| [[Cedar Mountain Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Hauterivian]] to [[Albian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| The rear of its ilium was characteristically flat |
|||
| [[File:Planicoxa reconstruction raingerr.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Platypelta]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Texasetes]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2018 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Originally assigned to ''[[Euoplocephalus]]'' but given its own genus because of several morphological differences |
|||
| [[File:Platypelta AMNH 5337.tiff|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Platytholus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Theiophytalia]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2023 |
|||
| [[Hell Creek Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Differs from juveniles of the contemporary ''[[Pachycephalosaurus]]'' and ''[[Sphaerotholus]]'', hence its separation as a new genus |
|||
| [[File:Platytholus clemensi.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Podokesaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Thescelosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1911 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" |
|||
| [[Portland Formation]] ([[Early Jurassic]], [[Hettangian]] to [[Sinemurian]]) |
|||
| ''[[Thespesius]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Massachusetts}}) |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" |
|||
| May have had a tail one and a half times longer than the rest of its skeleton<ref>{{cite journal |last1=von Huene |first1=F. |title=Beiträge zur Geschichte der Archosaurier |journal=Geologische und Paläontologische Abhandlungen |date=1914 |volume=13 |pages=1–53 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42622#page/45/mode/1up |language=de |access-date=October 7, 2020 |archive-date=October 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009120205/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42622#page/45/mode/1up |url-status=live }}</ref> |
|||
| ''[[Tichosteus]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore || — |
|||
| [[File:Podokesaurus restoration.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Polyodontosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Titanoceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1932 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| May be identical to ''[[Latenivenatrix]]''<ref name=Polyodontosaurus>{{cite journal|last1=van der Reest|first1=A.J.|last2=Currie|first2=P.J.|year=2017|title=Troodontids (Theropoda) from the Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, with a description of a unique new taxon: implications for deinonychosaur diversity in North America|journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences|volume=54|issue=9|pages=919–935|doi=10.1139/cjes-2017-0031|bibcode=2017CaJES..54..919V|hdl=1807/78296|hdl-access=free}}</ref> |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Polyonax]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Torosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1874 |
|||
| [[Denver Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}) |
|||
| Poorly known |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Prenoceratops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Torvosaurus]]'' || Jurassic || carnivore || — |
|||
| 2004 |
|||
|- style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" |
|||
| [[Oldman Formation]], [[Two Medicine Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| ''[[Trachodon]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || Dubious, see article |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| The only basal ceratopsian known from a bonebed |
|||
| [[File:Prenoceratops BW.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Priconodon]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Triceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1888 |
|||
| [[Arundel Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Aptian]] to [[Albian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Maryland}}) |
|||
| Large but only known from teeth |
|||
| [[File:Priconodon.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Probrachylophosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Troodon]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || Includes ''Stenonychosaurus'' and ''Polyodontosaurus''. |
|||
| 2015 |
|||
| [[Foremost Formation]], [[Judith River Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Shows a skull morphology transitional between crestless and crested brachylophosaurins |
|||
| [[File:Probrachylophosaurus restoration.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Propanoplosaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Tyrannosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 2011 |
|||
| [[Patuxent Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Aptian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Maryland}}) |
|||
| Only known from the imprints of a neonate skeleton |
|||
| [[File:Propanoplosaurus restoration.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Prosaurolophus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Unescoceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1916 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]], [[Two Medicine Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Had a relatively large head for a hadrosaur |
|||
| [[File:Prosaurolophus Maximus.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Protohadros]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Utahceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1998 |
|||
| [[Woodbine Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Cenomanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Texas}}) |
|||
| Possessed a downturned jaw which may be an adaptation to grazing on low-growing plants |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Pteropelyx]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Utahraptor]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1889 |
|||
| [[Judith River Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Potentially synonymous with ''[[Corythosaurus]]'', although this cannot be confirmed due to a lack of cranial remains<ref>Brett-Surman, M.K., 1989. A revision of the Hadrosauridae (Reptilia: Ornithischia) and their evolution during the Campanian and Maastrichtian. Ph.D. dissertation, George Washington University, Washington, D.C.. pp. 1–272.</ref> |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Rativates]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Uteodon]]'' || Jurassic || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2016 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Originally described as a specimen of ''[[Struthiomimus]]'' |
|||
| [[File:Rativates.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Regaliceratops]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Vagaceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2015 |
|||
| [[St. Mary River Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Possessed a series of large, pentagonal plates lining its frill |
|||
| [[File:Regaliceratops peterhewsi.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Richardoestesia]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Velafrons]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1990 |
|||
| [[Aguja Formation]], [[Dinosaur Park Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Texas}}) |
|||
| Teeth assigned to this genus have been recovered all around the world, in deposits spanning millions of years of time, although they may not represent a single taxon |
|||
| [[File:Ojo Alamo cf. Richardoestesia sp profile reconstruction.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Rugocaudia]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Venenosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2012 |
|||
| [[Cloverly Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Aptian]] to [[Albian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Some of this genus' remains include several caudal vertebrae |
|||
| [[File:Rugocaudia.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Sarahsaurus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Xenoceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2011 |
|||
| [[Kayenta Formation]] ([[Early Jurassic]], [[Sinemurian]] to [[Pliensbachian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Arizona}}) |
|||
| Possessed strong hands which may indicate a feeding specialization |
|||
| [[File:Sarahsaurus restoration.PNG|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Saurolophus]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Yurgovuchia]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1912 |
|||
| [[Horseshoe Canyon Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Had a short, solid crest that pointed directly upwards. A larger, more well-known species has been found in Mongolia |
|||
| [[File:Saurolophus scalation.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Sauropelta]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Zapsalis]]'' || Cretaceous || carnivore || — |
|||
| 1970 |
|||
| [[Cedar Mountain Formation]]?, [[Cloverly Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Albian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}<br />{{flag|Utah}}?<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Its tail had at least forty vertebrae, making up half of its total body length |
|||
| [[File:Sauropelta jconway.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Saurophaganax]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Ziapelta]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1995 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Kimmeridgian]] to [[Tithonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}?<br />{{flag|Oklahoma}}) |
|||
| Potentially an extremely large specimen of ''[[Allosaurus]]''<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1080/02724634.1998.10011039 |last=Smith |first=David K. |year=1998 |title=A morphometric analysis of ''Allosaurus'' |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=126–142|bibcode=1998JVPal..18..126S }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Saurophaganax restoration 2019 by Mario Lanzas.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Sauroposeidon]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Zephyrosaurus]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 2000 |
|||
| [[Antlers Formation]], [[Glen Rose Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Aptian]] to [[Albian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Oklahoma}}<br />{{flag|Texas}}<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Could raise its head up to {{convert|18|m|ft}} in the air, the height of a six-storey building<ref>{{cite journal|last=Wedel|first=Mathew J.|author2=Cifelli, R. L.|author3=Sanders, R.. K.|s2cid=59141243|year=2000|title=Osteology, paleobiology, and relationships of the sauropod dinosaur ''Sauroposeidon''|url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9efe/8db6eb32247f90a760110d5a9695977fb761.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626075134/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9efe/8db6eb32247f90a760110d5a9695977fb761.pdf|archive-date=2020-06-26|journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica|volume=45|pages=343–388}}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Sauroposeidon proteles.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Saurornitholestes]]'' |
|||
| ''[[Zuniceratops]]'' || Cretaceous || herbivore || — |
|||
| 1978 |
|||
|} |
|||
| [[Coachman Formation]], [[Dinosaur Park Formation]], [[Donoho Creek Formation]], [[Kirtland Formation]], [[Mooreville Chalk]], [[Oldman Formation]], [[Tar Heel Formation]], [[Two Medicine Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}<br />({{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Alabama}}<br />{{flag|Montana}}<br />{{flag|New Mexico}}<br />{{flag|North Carolina}}<br />{{flag|South Carolina}}) |
|||
==Key== |
|||
| Its second premaxillary teeth could be adapted to preening feathers<ref name=Saurornitholestes>{{cite journal |last1=Currie |first1=Philip J. |last2=Evans |first2=David C. |title=Cranial Anatomy of New Specimens of ''Saurornitholestes langstoni'' (Dinosauria, Theropoda, Dromaeosauridae) from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Campanian) of Alberta |journal=The Anatomical Record |volume=303 |issue=4 |pages=691–715 |doi=10.1002/ar.24241|pmid=31497925 |year=2020 |s2cid=202002676 |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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{| || |
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| [[File:Saurornitholestes digging Burrows wahweap.jpg|200px]] |
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|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Scolosaurus]]'' |
|||
| style = "background-color: #bdb76b; color:#ffe" | ''[[Nomen dubium]]'' |
|||
| 1928 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]], [[Oldman Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
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| Once widely believed to be synonymous with other Campanian ankylosaurids |
|||
| [[File:Scolosaurus SW.png|200px]] |
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|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Scutellosaurus]]'' |
|||
| style = "background-color: #b8bbb7; color:#ffe" | Invalid |
|||
| 1981 |
|||
| [[Kayenta Formation]] ([[Early Jurassic]], [[Sinemurian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Arizona}}) |
|||
| Had hundreds of osteoderms arranged in rows along its back and tail |
|||
| [[File:Scutellosaurus.jpg|200px]] |
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|- |
|- |
||
| ''[[Segisaurus]]'' |
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| style = "background-color: #88bbbb; color:#ffe" | ''[[Nomen nudum]]'' |
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| 1936 |
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| [[Navajo Sandstone]] ([[Early Jurassic]], [[Pliensbachian]] to [[Toarcian]]) |
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| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Arizona}}) |
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| Preserves evidence of a [[furcula|wishbone]] similar to that of modern birds |
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| [[File:Segisaurus.jpg|200px]] |
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|- |
|||
| ''[[Seitaad]]'' |
|||
| 2010 |
|||
| [[Navajo Sandstone]] ([[Early Jurassic]], [[Pliensbachian]]) |
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| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| The holotype may have died when a sand dune collapsed on it<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Joseph J. W. Sertich|author2=Mark A. Loewen|name-list-style=amp |year=2010 |title=A New Basal Sauropodomorph Dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic Navajo Sandstone of Southern Utah |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=e9789 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0009789 |pmid= 20352090|pmc=2844413|bibcode=2010PLoSO...5.9789S|editor1-last=Laudet|editor1-first=Vincent |doi-access=free}}</ref> |
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| [[File:Seitaad NT.jpg|200px]] |
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|- |
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| ''[[Siats]]'' |
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| 2013 |
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| [[Cedar Mountain Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Cenomanian]]) |
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| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
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| Large but inconsistent in phylogenetic placement |
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| [[File:Siats reconstruction.png|200px]] |
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|- |
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| ''[[Sierraceratops]]'' |
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| 2022 |
|||
| [[Hall Lake Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]] to [[Maastrichtian]]) |
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| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}) |
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| May be part of a unique clade of ceratopsians only known from southern Laramidia<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Dalman|first1=Sebastian G.|last2=Lucas|first2=Spencer G.|last3=Jasinski|first3=Steven E.|last4=Longrich|first4=Nicholas R.|date=2021-09-29|title=Sierraceratops turneri, a new chasmosaurine ceratopsid from the Hall Lake Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of south-central New Mexico|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667121002822|journal=Cretaceous Research|volume=130|language=en|page=105034|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2021.105034|s2cid=244210664|issn=0195-6671}}</ref> |
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| [[File:Sierraceratops.jpg|200px]] |
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|- |
|||
| ''[[Silvisaurus]]'' |
|||
| 1960 |
|||
| [[Dakota Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]] to [[Late Cretaceous]], [[Albian]] to [[Cenomanian]]) |
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| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Kansas}}) |
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| Hypothesized to live in a forested habitat |
|||
| [[File:Silvisaurus.jpg|200px]] |
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|- |
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| ''[[Smitanosaurus]]'' |
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| 2020 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Oxfordian (stage)|Oxfordian]] to [[Tithonian]]) |
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| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}) |
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| Only known from a partial skull and some vertebrae |
|||
| [[File:Smitanosaurus agilis skull and neck.jpg|200px]] |
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|- |
|||
| ''[[Sonorasaurus]]'' |
|||
| 1998 |
|||
| [[Turney Ranch Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]] to [[Late Cretaceous]], [[Albian]] to [[Cenomanian]]) |
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| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Arizona}}) |
|||
| State dinosaur of Arizona |
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| [[File:Sonorasaurus thompsoni.jpg|200px]] |
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|- |
|||
| ''[[Sphaerotholus]]'' |
|||
| 2002 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]], [[Frenchman Formation]], [[Hell Creek Formation]], [[Horseshoe Canyon Formation]], [[Kirtland Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]] to [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}<br />{{flag|Saskatchewan}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}<br />{{flag|New Mexico}}) |
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| Five species have been named, all known from skull elements. Lived in a broad range |
|||
| [[File:Sphaerotholus.jpg|200px]] |
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|- |
|||
| ''[[Spiclypeus]]'' |
|||
| 2016 |
|||
| [[Judith River Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Has been described as "boldly audacious"<ref>{{cite journal |author=Jordan C. Mallon |author2=Christopher J. Ott |author3=Peter L. Larson |author4=Edward M. Iuliano |author5=David C. Evans |year=2016 |title=''Spiclypeus shipporum'' gen. et sp. nov., a Boldly Audacious New Chasmosaurine Ceratopsid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Judith River Formation (Upper Cretaceous: Campanian) of Montana, USA |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=e0154218 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0154218 |pmid=27191389 |pmc=4871577|bibcode=2016PLoSO..1154218M |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Spiclypeus NT small.jpg|200px]] |
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|- |
|||
| ''[[Spinops]]'' |
|||
| 2011 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]]?/[[Oldman Formation]]? ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Described almost a century after its remains were collected |
|||
| [[File:Spinops NT.jpg|200px]] |
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|- |
|||
| ''[[Stegoceras]]'' |
|||
| 1902 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]], [[Fruitland Formation]]?, [[Kirtland Formation]]?, [[Oldman Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}?) |
|||
| May have been an indiscriminate bulk-feeder due to the shape of its snout<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hudgins |first1=Michael Naylor |last2=Currie |first2=Philip J. |last3=Sullivan |first3=Corwin |title=Dental assessment of ''Stegoceras validum'' (Ornithischia: Pachycephalosauridae) and ''Thescelosaurus neglectus'' (Ornithischia: Thescelosauridae): paleoecological inferences |journal=Cretaceous Research |date=16 October 2021 |volume=130 |page=105058 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2021.105058 |s2cid=239253658 }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Stegoceras validum.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Stegopelta]]'' |
|||
| 1905 |
|||
| [[Frontier Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]] to [[Late Cretaceous]], [[Albian]] to [[Cenomanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| May have possessed a sacral shield similar to other nodosaurs |
|||
| [[File:Stegopelta pelvic armor.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Stegosaurus]]'' |
|||
| 1877 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Kimmeridgian]] to [[Tithonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Had a single alternating row of large, kite-shaped plates |
|||
| [[File:Stegosaurus stenops Life Reconstruction.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Stellasaurus]]'' |
|||
| 2020 |
|||
| [[Two Medicine Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Possessed an enlarged, thickened nasal horn |
|||
| [[File:Rubeosaurus nasals.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Stenonychosaurus]]'' |
|||
| 1932 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]], [[Two Medicine Formation]]? ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}?) |
|||
| Its brain-to-body mass ratio is one of the highest of any non-avian dinosaur's |
|||
| [[File:Life reconstruction of Stenonychosaurus.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Stephanosaurus]]'' |
|||
| 1914 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Poorly known |
|||
| [[File:Trachodon (Pteropelyx) marginatus humerus and skin.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Stokesosaurus]]'' |
|||
| 1974 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Kimmeridgian]] to [[Tithonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|South Dakota}}?<br />{{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Only known from a few remains but they are enough to tell that it was a tyrannosauroid |
|||
| [[File:Stokesosaurus by Tom Parker.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Struthiomimus]]'' |
|||
| 1917 |
|||
| [[Horseshoe Canyon Formation]]?, [[Lance Formation]]?, [[Oldman Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]] to [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Wyoming}}?) |
|||
| Known from many specimens, indicating it was a common animal |
|||
| [[File:Struthiomimus BW.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Styracosaurus]]'' |
|||
| 1913 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]], [[Two Medicine Formation]]? ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}})? |
|||
| Possessed several long horns jutting out from the top of its frill, the patterns of which could have varied between individuals<ref>{{Cite journal |first1=R.B. |last1=Holmes |first2=W.S. |last2=Persons |first3=B. |last3=Singh Rupal |first4=A. |last4=Jawad Qureshi |first5=P.J. |last5=Currie |year=2020 |title=Morphological variation and asymmetrical development in the skull of ''Styracosaurus albertensis'' |journal=Cretaceous Research |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104308 |volume=107 |page=104308|bibcode=2020CrRes.10704308H |s2cid=210260909 }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Styracosaurus BW.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Supersaurus]]'' |
|||
| 1985 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Tithonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Several remains were originally believed to represent their own genera |
|||
| [[File:Supersaurus dinosaur.png|200px]] |
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|- |
|||
| ''[[Suskityrannus]]'' |
|||
| 2019 |
|||
| [[Moreno Hill Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Turonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}) |
|||
| Small yet already possessed several features of large, derived tyrannosaurids, including an arctometatarsus |
|||
| [[File:Suskityrannus life reconstruction.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Suuwassea]]'' |
|||
| 2004 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Oxfordian (stage)|Oxfordian]] to [[Tithonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Shares features with both diplodocids and dicraeosaurids, but is more likely a member of the latter group<ref name=Atlantosaurus2 /><ref name=Kaatedocus/> |
|||
| [[File:Suuwassea cervicals.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Talos sampsoni|Talos]]'' |
|||
| 2011 |
|||
| [[Kaiparowits Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| The holotype specimen preserves a pathology on its sickle claw<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Lindsay E. Zanno, David J. Varricchio, Patrick M. O'Connor, Alan L. Titus and Michael J. Knell |year=2011 |title=A new troodontid theropod, ''Talos sampsoni'' gen. et sp. nov., from the Upper Cretaceous Western Interior Basin of North America |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=6 |pages=e24487 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0024487 |pmid=21949721 |pmc=3176273 |issue=9|bibcode=2011PLoSO...624487Z |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Talos sampsoni.jpg|200px]] |
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|- |
|||
| ''[[Tanycolagreus]]'' |
|||
| 2005 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Oxfordian (stage)|Oxfordian]] to [[Tithonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}<br />{{flag|Utah}}<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Had a long, blunt snout |
|||
| [[FIle:Tanycolagreus reconstruction.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
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| ''[[Tatankacephalus]]'' |
|||
| 2009 |
|||
| [[Cloverly Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Aptian]] to [[Albian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Retained premaxillary teeth in its upper jaws, a basal trait |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
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| ''[[Tawa hallae|Tawa]]'' |
|||
| 2009 |
|||
| [[Chinle Formation]] ([[Late Triassic]], [[Norian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}) |
|||
| Well-preserved but inconsistent in phylogenetic placement |
|||
| [[File:Tawa hallae Martz.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Tenontosaurus]]'' |
|||
| 1970 |
|||
| [[Antlers Formation]], [[Arundel Formation]], [[Cedar Mountain Formation]], [[Cloverly Formation]], [[Paluxy Formation]], [[Twin Mountains Formation]], [[Wayan Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Aptian]] to [[Albian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Idaho}}<br />{{flag|Maryland}}<br />{{flag|Montana}}<br />{{flag|Oklahoma}}<br />{{flag|Texas}}<br />{{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Remains of this genus are often found associated with skeletons of ''[[Deinonychus]]''<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1080/02724634.1995.10011256|last1=Maxwell|first1=W. D. |last2=Ostrom |first2=J. H. |year=1995 |title=Taphonomy and paleobiological implications of ''Tenontosaurus''-''Deinonychus'' associations|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=707–712|bibcode=1995JVPal..15..707M }} ([http://www.vertpaleo.org/publications/jvp/15-707-712.cfm abstract] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204328/http://www.vertpaleo.org/publications/jvp/15-707-712.cfm |date=2007-09-27 }})</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Tenontosaurus BW.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Teratophoneus]]'' |
|||
| 2011 |
|||
| [[Kaiparowits Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Its snout was shorter and deeper than those of other tyrannosaurids |
|||
| [[File:Teratophoneus2 NT.jpg|200x200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Terminocavus]]'' |
|||
| 2020 |
|||
| [[Kirtland Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}) |
|||
| Had a teardrop-shaped hole on the top of its frill which was almost closed off by a pair of epoccipitals |
|||
| [[File:Terminocavus.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
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| ''[[Texacephale]]'' |
|||
| 2010 |
|||
| [[Aguja Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Texas}}) |
|||
| Possessed a series of vertical flanges on its dome which may have functioned as "gears" that interlocked when head-butting |
|||
| [[File:Texacephale langstoni skull dome by Nick Longrich.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Texasetes]]'' |
|||
| 1995 |
|||
| [[Paw Paw Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Albian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Texas}}) |
|||
| Potentially synonymous with ''[[Pawpawsaurus]]'' |
|||
| [[File:NMNH-USNM337987 1.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Thanatotheristes]]'' |
|||
| 2020 |
|||
| [[Foremost Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| A close relative of ''[[Daspletosaurus]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Voris |first1=Jared T. |last2=Therrien |first2=Francois |last3=Zelenitzky |first3=Darla K. |last4=Brown |first4=Caleb M. |year=2020 |title=A new tyrannosaurine (Theropoda:Tyrannosauridae) from the Campanian Foremost Formation of Alberta, Canada, provides insight into the evolution and biogeography of tyrannosaurids |journal=[[Cretaceous Research]] |volume=110 |page=104388 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104388|bibcode=2020CrRes.11004388V |s2cid=213838772 }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Thanatotheristes.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Theiophytalia]]'' |
|||
| 2006 |
|||
| [[Purgatoire Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Aptian]] to [[Albian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}) |
|||
| Only known from a skull originally referred to ''[[Camptosaurus]]'' |
|||
| [[File:TheiophytaliaType.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Thescelosaurus]]'' |
|||
| 1913 |
|||
| [[Frenchman Formation]], [[Hell Creek Formation]], [[Lance Formation]], [[Laramie Formation]], [[Scollard Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}<br />{{flag|Saskatchewan}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}<br />{{flag|Montana}}<br />{{flag|North Dakota}}<br />{{flag|South Dakota}}<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| One specimen was originally considered to have preserved its heart, although later this was found to be a mineral concretion<ref>{{cite journal |last=Cleland |first=Timothy P. |author2=Stoskopf, Michael K. |author3= Schweitzer, Mary H. |title=Histological, chemical, and morphological reexamination of the "heart" of a small Late Cretaceous ''Thescelosaurus'' |journal=Naturwissenschaften |year=2011 |volume=98 |doi=10.1007/s00114-010-0760-1 |issue=3 |pages=203–211 |pmid=21279321|bibcode = 2011NW.....98..203C |s2cid=2408562 }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Thescelosaurus filamented.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Thespesius]]'' |
|||
| 1856 |
|||
| [[Lance Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|South Dakota}}) |
|||
| Once suggested to be a possible Miocene mammal |
|||
| [[File:Thespesius occidentalis.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Tichosteus]]'' |
|||
| 1877 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Kimmeridgian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}) |
|||
| Two species have been named, both from isolated vertebrae |
|||
| [[File:Tichosteus lucasanus.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Titanoceratops]]'' |
|||
| 2011 |
|||
| [[Fruitland Formation]]?/[[Kirtland Formation]]? ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}) |
|||
| Potentially a large, old specimen of ''[[Pentaceratops]]''<ref name=Navajoceratops /> |
|||
| [[File:Titanoceratops ouranos life restoration.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Tlatolophus]]'' |
|||
| 2021 |
|||
| [[Cerro del Pueblo Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Mexico}}<br />({{flag|Coahuila}}) |
|||
| Possessed a short, broad crest resembling an inverted comma |
|||
| [[File:Tlatolophus.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Torosaurus]]'' |
|||
| 1891 |
|||
| [[Frenchman Formation]], [[Hell Creek Formation]], [[Lance Formation]], [[Scollard Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}<br />{{flag|Saskatchewan}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}?<br />{{flag|Montana}}?<br />{{flag|New Mexico}}?<br />{{flag|North Dakota}}?<br />{{flag|South Dakota}}<br />{{flag|Texas}}?<br />{{flag|Utah}}?<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Once believed to be potentially synonymous with ''[[Triceratops]]'' |
|||
| [[File:Torosaurus life restoration.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Torvosaurus]]'' |
|||
| 1979 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Middle Jurassic]] to [[Late Jurassic]], [[Callovian]] to [[Tithonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| Had short but powerfully built arms. Several species, many of them unnamed, have been found in Europe, South America, and possibly Africa |
|||
| [[File:Torvosaurus tanneri Reconstruction.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Tototlmimus]]'' |
|||
| 2016 |
|||
| [[Packard Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Mexico}}<br />({{flag|Sonora}}) |
|||
| The southernmost ornithomimid known from North America |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Trachodon]]'' |
|||
| 1856 |
|||
| [[Judith River Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Several remains assigned to this genus actually belong to other taxa, most notably ''[[Edmontosaurus]]'' |
|||
| [[File:Trachodon mirabilis.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Triceratops]]'' |
|||
| 1889 |
|||
| [[Denver Formation]], [[Evanston Formation]], [[Hell Creek Formation]], [[Lance Formation]], [[Laramie Formation]], [[Scollard Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}<br />{{flag|Saskatchewan}}?)<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}<br />{{flag|Montana}}<br />{{flag|South Dakota}}<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| A common ceratopsid with long brow horns and a short nasal horn |
|||
| [[File:Triceratops by Tom Patker.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Trierarchuncus]]'' |
|||
| 2020 |
|||
| [[Hell Creek Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Known from remains of different sizes which depict how the claws of alvarezsaurids grew more hooked as they aged |
|||
| [[File:Trierarchuncus prairiensis.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Troodon]]'' |
|||
| 1856 |
|||
| [[Judith River Formation]], [[Two Medicine Formation]]? ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Only known from teeth. Most referred skeletal remains cannot be confidently assigned to this genus<ref name=Polyodontosaurus /> |
|||
| [[File:Troodon (cropped).jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Tyrannosaurus]]'' |
|||
| 1905 |
|||
| [[Frenchman Formation]], [[Hall Lake Formation]], [[Hell Creek Formation]], [[Lance Formation]], [[Willow Creek Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]] to [[Maastrichtian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}<br />{{flag|Saskatchewan}})<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Colorado}}<br />{{flag|Montana}}<br />{{flag|New Mexico}}<br />{{flag|South Dakota}}<br />{{flag|Wyoming}}) |
|||
| The last, largest, and most well-known tyrannosaurid |
|||
| [[File:Tyrannosaurus-rex-Profile-steveoc86.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Unescoceratops]]'' |
|||
| 2012 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Had the roundest teeth of any known leptoceratopsid |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Utahceratops]]'' |
|||
| 2010 |
|||
| [[Kaiparowits Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Almost the entire skeleton and skull is known |
|||
| [[File:Utahceratops gettyi.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Utahraptor]]'' |
|||
| 1993 |
|||
| [[Cedar Mountain Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Valanginian]] to [[Hauterivian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Very large and powerfully built |
|||
| [[File:Utahraptor Restoration.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Uteodon]]'' |
|||
| 2011 |
|||
| [[Morrison Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Tithonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| May be a species of ''[[Camptosaurus]]'', with a referred braincase being from ''[[Dryosaurus]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Carpenter|first1=Kenneth|last2=Lamanna|first2=Matthew C.|date=2015|title=The Braincase Assigned to the Ornithopod Dinosaur Uteodon McDonald, 2011, Reassigned to Dryosaurus Marsh, 1894: Implications for Iguanodontian Morphology and Taxonomy|url=https://bioone.org/journals/annals-of-carnegie-museum/volume-83/issue-2/007.083.0201/The-Braincase-Assigned-to-the-Ornithopod-Dinosaur-Uteodon-McDonald-2011/10.2992/007.083.0201.full|journal=Annals of Carnegie Museum|volume=83|issue=2|pages=149–165|doi=10.2992/007.083.0201|s2cid=85612127|issn=0097-4463}}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Uteodon reconstruction raingerr.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Vagaceratops]]'' |
|||
| 2010 |
|||
| [[Dinosaur Park Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}} |
|||
| Possessed a row of fused epoccipitals folding over the top of the frill |
|||
| [[File:Vagaceratops NT.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Velafrons]]'' |
|||
| 2007 |
|||
| [[Cerro del Pueblo Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Mexico}}<br />({{flag|Coahuila}}) |
|||
| May have had elongated neural spines similar to those of ''[[Hypacrosaurus|Hypacrosaurus altispinus]]'' |
|||
| [[File:Life reconstruction of Velafrons coahuilensis.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Venenosaurus]]'' |
|||
| 2001 |
|||
| [[Cedar Mountain Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Aptian]] to [[Albian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| Its skeleton has traits of both titanosaurs and more basal macronarians |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Wendiceratops]]'' |
|||
| 2015 |
|||
| [[Oldman Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Had three pairs of enlarged, curved epiparietals at the very top of its frill |
|||
| [[File:Wendiceratops restoration.PNG|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Xenoceratops]]'' |
|||
| 2012 |
|||
| [[Foremost Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Canada}}<br />({{flag|Alberta}}) |
|||
| Possessed two long spines at the top of its frill with smaller knobs at their bases |
|||
| [[File:Xenoceratops NT small.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Yehuecauhceratops]]'' |
|||
| 2017 |
|||
| [[Aguja Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|Mexico}}<br />({{flag|Coahuila}}) |
|||
| One of the smallest known ceratopsids |
|||
| [[File:Yehuecauhceratops.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Yurgovuchia]]'' |
|||
| 2012 |
|||
| [[Cedar Mountain Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Valanginian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Utah}}) |
|||
| May have had a flexible tail due to the structure of its caudal vertebrae |
|||
| [[File:Yurgovuchia.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Zapsalis]]'' |
|||
| 1876 |
|||
| [[Judith River Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Some teeth referred to this genus actually belong to ''[[Saurornitholestes]]''<ref name=Saurornitholestes /> |
|||
| [[File:Zapsalis.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Zephyrosaurus]]'' |
|||
| 1980 |
|||
| [[Cloverly Formation]] ([[Early Cretaceous]], [[Aptian]] to [[Albian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Currently only known from fragmentary remains but several undescribed specimens exist<ref>{{cite journal |last=Kutter |first=M.M. |year=2003 |title=New material of ''Zephyrosaurus schaffi'' (Dinosauria:Ornithischia) from the Cloverly Formation (Aptian-Albian) of Montana |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=23 |issue=3, Suppl |pages=69A| doi =10.1080/02724634.2003.10010538 |s2cid=220410105 }}</ref> |
|||
| [[File:Zephyrosaurus in Copenhagen.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Ziapelta]]'' |
|||
| 2014 |
|||
| [[Kirtland Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}) |
|||
| Many specimens are known, most from the front part of the animal |
|||
| [[File:Ziapelta.png|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Zuniceratops]]'' |
|||
| 1998 |
|||
| [[Moreno Hill Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Turonian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|New Mexico}}) |
|||
| Carried a pair of brow horns despite not being a member of the Ceratopsidae |
|||
| [[File:Zuniceratops BW.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Zuul]]'' |
|||
| 2017 |
|||
| [[Judith River Formation]] ([[Late Cretaceous]], [[Campanian]]) |
|||
| {{flag|United States}}<br />({{flag|Montana}}) |
|||
| Preserves several osteoderms, keratin, and skin remains |
|||
| [[File:Zuul.jpg|200px]] |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
=== Invalid and potentially valid genera<!--dinosaurs that have a note on [[List of dinosaur genera]] and/or redirect, or have their taxonomy template set outside Dinosauria or within Avialae--> === |
|||
<gallery> |
|||
Agathaumas sylvestris.jpg|''[[Agathaumas]]'' |
|||
Alcovasaurus Scale.svg|''[[Alcovasaurus]]'' |
|||
Antrodemus.jpg|''[[Antrodemus]]'' |
|||
Apatodon 250 445d.jpg|''[[Apatodon]]'' |
|||
Capitalsaurus.jpg|"[[Capitalsaurus]]" |
|||
Cathetosaurus skeleton 1.jpg|''[[Cathetosaurus]]'' |
|||
Coelosaurus antiquus tibia.jpg|"''[["Coelosaurus" antiquus|Coelosaurus]]''" |
|||
Deinodon.JPG|''[[Deinodon]]'' |
|||
Dracorex BW.jpg|''[[Dracorex]]'' |
|||
Drinker nisti (dinosaur) restoration.png|''[[Drinker nisti|Drinker]]'' |
|||
Epanterias amplexus.jpg|''[[Epanterias]]'' |
|||
Latenivenatrix.png|''[[Latenivenatrix]]'' |
|||
Mojoceratops NT.jpg|''[[Mojoceratops]]'' |
|||
Nanotyrannus NT.jpg|''[[Nanotyrannus]]'' |
|||
Nedoceratops BW.jpg|''[[Nedoceratops]]'' |
|||
Ojoceratops NT.jpg|''[[Ojoceratops]]'' |
|||
Othnielia rex.jpg|''[[Othnielia]]'' |
|||
Othnielosaurus.jpg|''[[Othnielosaurus]]'' |
|||
ProtoavisDrawing.jpg|''[[Protoavis]]'' |
|||
Rubeosaurus ovatus.jpg|''[[Rubeosaurus]]'' |
|||
Stygimoloch NT small.jpg|''[[Stygimoloch]]'' |
|||
Tatankaceratops NT.jpg|''[[Tatankaceratops]]'' |
|||
</gallery> |
|||
* ''[[Agathaumas|Agathaumas sylvestris]]'': Most well known from a painting by [[Charles R. Knight|Charles Knight]]. It may have been a synonym of ''[[Triceratops]]'', but without cranial remains, this cannot be confirmed. |
|||
* ''[[Alcovasaurus|Alcovasaurus longispinus]]'': Although originally named as a species of ''[[Stegosaurus]]'', it may actually be a species of the otherwise European ''[[Miragaia longicollum|Miragaia]]''. |
|||
* ''[[Antrodemus|Antrodemus valens]]'': May represent the same animal as ''[[Allosaurus]]''; if so, the name ''Antrodemus'' would have priority. However, because it is based on undiagnostic remains of uncertain provenance, this cannot be confirmed. |
|||
* ''[[Apatodon|Apatodon mirus]]'': Its holotype was originally believed to be the jawbone of a Mesozoic pig, but has been reinterpreted as a dinosaur vertebra. What type of dinosaur it belonged to is unknown, but there have been suggestions that it was from ''[[Allosaurus]]''. |
|||
* "[[List of informally named dinosaurs#Beelemodon|Beelemodon]]": Known only from two teeth found in Wyoming. They share features of compsognathids, dromaeosaurids, and basal oviraptorosaurs. |
|||
* "[[List of informally named dinosaurs#Capitalsaurus|Capitalsaurus]]": The official dinosaur of the District of Columbia. It is known from a single vertebra discovered at the intersection of First and F Streets S.E., which is now appropriately named "Capitalsaurus Court". |
|||
* ''[[Cathetosaurus|Cathetosaurus lewisi]]'': Usually seen as a species of ''[[Camarasaurus]]'', but an unpublished study argues that it might be a distinct genus. |
|||
* ''[[Claorhynchus|Claorhynchus trihedrus]]'': An indeterminate cerapod that may be either a hadrosaurid or a ceratopsid, in which case it may be a synonym of ''[[Triceratops]]''. |
|||
* "[["Coelosaurus" antiquus|Coelosaurus]]" ''[["Coelosaurus" antiquus|antiquus]]'': The generic name is said to be preoccupied, but its namesake remains obscure. |
|||
* "[[List of informally named dinosaurs#Comanchesaurus|Comanchesaurus kuesi]]": Only named in a dissertation. It has been described as a possible indeterminate saurischian. |
|||
* ''[[Deinodon|Deinodon horridus]]'': Only known from teeth. Several referred teeth have since been found to belong to already known species, and the holotype could itself belong to ''[[Gorgosaurus]]''. |
|||
* ''[[Dracorex|Dracorex hogwartsia]]'': Described as a small, flat-headed pachycephalosaur. However, it is likely that it is just a juvenile ''[[Pachycephalosaurus]]''. |
|||
* ''[[Drinker nisti]]'': May be a synonym of ''[[Nanosaurus]]''. |
|||
* ''[[Epanterias|Epanterias amplexus]]'': Possibly a large specimen of ''[[Allosaurus]]'', but it may be a different taxon due to its younger age. |
|||
* ''[[Latenivenatrix|Latenivenatrix mcmasterae]]'': The largest known troodontid. It is sometimes suggested to be synonymous with ''[[Stenonychosaurus]]'', which its remains were originally assigned to. |
|||
* "[[List of informally named dinosaurs#Magulodon|Magulodon muirkirkensis]]": Only known from a single tooth that may belong to either an ornithopod or a basal ceratopsian. |
|||
* "[[List of informally named dinosaurs#Microcephale|Microcephale]]": Said to be an extremely small pachycephalosaur, with skull caps only {{convert|5|cm|in}} long. |
|||
* ''[[Mojoceratops|Mojoceratops perifania]]'': May be a species of specimen of ''[[Chasmosaurus]]''. |
|||
* ''[[Nanotyrannus|Nanotyrannus lancensis]]'': Described as a small adult tyrannosaur, although it is more likely to be a juvenile ''[[Tyrannosaurus rex]]''. |
|||
* ''[[Nedoceratops|Nedoceratops hatcheri]]'': Due to its lack of a nasal horn, it has been named "''Diceratops''" (which is preoccupied by [[Syzeuctus|an insect]]) and ''Diceratus''. However, it may simply be an unusual specimen of ''[[Triceratops]]''. |
|||
* ''[[Ojoceratops|Ojoceratops fowleri]]'': May be ancestral to ''[[Triceratops]]'' or a synonym of ''[[Eotriceratops]]''. |
|||
* "[[List of informally named dinosaurs#Orcomimus|Orcomimus]]": Potentially referrable to any of the ornithomimosaur taxa known from the Hell Creek Formation. |
|||
* ''[[Othnielia|Othnielia rex]]'': Only known from an undiagnostic femur, but it may have belonged to ''[[Nanosaurus]]'' anyway. |
|||
* ''[[Othnielosaurus|Othnielosaurus consors]]'': Most likely a synonym of ''[[Nanosaurus]]''. |
|||
* ''[[Palaeopteryx|Palaeopteryx thomsoni]]'': Known from a few very small bones which could belong to either a bird or a small bird-like dinosaur. |
|||
* ''[[Protoavis|Protoavis texensis]]'': Described as a Triassic bird but is more likely a chimera consisting of elements from various unrelated tetrapods. |
|||
* ''[[Rhinorex|Rhinorex condrupus]]'': Phylogenetic analysis shows that it may fall within ''[[Gryposaurus]]'', and thus be a junior synonym of that genus. |
|||
* ''[[Rubeosaurus|Rubeosaurus ovatus]]'': Likely a species of ''[[Styracosaurus]]'', or even simply an unusual specimen of ''S. albertensis''. |
|||
* ''[[Stygimoloch|Stygimoloch spinifer]]'': Had a short skull dome with long horns jutting out from behind it. It is usually thought to be a subadult ''[[Pachycephalosaurus]]'', but has been noted to be stratigraphically younger. |
|||
* ''[[Tatankaceratops|Tatankaceratops sacrisonorum]]'': Noted to possess a strange mix of features of both juvenile and adult ''[[Triceratops]]''. It may be a dwarf specimen of that genus or an individual that stopped growing prematurely. |
|||
==Timeline== |
==Timeline== |
||
This is a timeline of selected dinosaurs from the list above. |
This is a timeline of selected dinosaurs from the list above. Time is measured in [[annum|Ma]], [[annum|megaannum]], along the x-axis. |
||
<timeline> |
<timeline> |
||
Line 614: | Line 2,182: | ||
PlotArea = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px |
PlotArea = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px |
||
Period = from:- |
Period = from:-251.902 till:-25 |
||
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal |
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal |
||
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:25 start:- |
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:25 start:-25 |
||
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:5 start:- |
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:5 start:-251.902 |
||
TimeAxis = orientation:hor |
TimeAxis = orientation:hor |
||
AlignBars = justify |
AlignBars = justify |
||
Line 708: | Line 2,276: | ||
align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 |
align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 |
||
shift:(7,-4) |
shift:(7,-4) |
||
bar:periodtop |
bar:periodtop |
||
from: -145 till: -66 color:cretaceous text:[[Cretaceous]] |
from: -145 till: -66 color:cretaceous text:[[Cretaceous]] |
||
from: - |
from: -201.3 till: -145 color:jurassic text:[[Jurassic]] |
||
from: - |
from: -251.902 till: -201.3 color:triassic text:[[Triassic]] |
||
bar:eratop |
bar:eratop |
||
from: - |
from: -251.902 till: -66 color:mesozoic text:[[Mesozoic]] |
||
PlotData= |
PlotData= |
||
align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left |
align:left fontsize:M mark:(line, white) width:5 anchor:till align:left |
||
color:CAR bar:NAM1 from:- |
color:CAR bar:NAM1 from:-216 till:-196 text:[[Coelophysis]] |
||
color: |
color:CAR bar:NAM2 from:-199 till:-188 text:[[Megapnosaurus]] |
||
color: |
color:HER bar:NAM3 from:-197 till:-195 text:[[Scutellosaurus]] |
||
color:HER bar:NAM4 from:- |
color:HER bar:NAM4 from:-160 till:-150 text:[[Camptosaurus]] |
||
color: |
color:HER bar:NAM5 from:-156.3 till:-146.8 text:[[Brontosaurus]] |
||
color:HER bar:NAM6 |
color:HER bar:NAM6 from:-155 till:-145 text:[[Camarasaurus]] |
||
color:HER bar:NAM7 |
color:HER bar:NAM7 from:-155 till:-145 text:[[Dryosaurus]] |
||
color: |
color:CAR bar:NAM8 from:-155 till:-145 text:[[Allosaurus]] |
||
color:HER bar:NAM9 from:-155 till:- |
color:HER bar:NAM9 from:-155 till:-150 text:[[Stegosaurus]] |
||
color:HER bar:NAM10 from:-155 till:- |
color:HER bar:NAM10 from:-155 till:-152 text:[[Haplocanthosaurus]] |
||
color:HER bar: |
color:HER bar:NAM13 from:-153 till:-147 text:[[Diplodocus]] |
||
color:CAR bar: |
color:CAR bar:NAM11 from:-153 till:-148 text:[[Ceratosaurus]] |
||
color: |
color:CAR bar:NAM12 from:-153 till:-148 text:[[Torvosaurus]] |
||
color: |
color:HER bar:NAM14 from:-153 till:-150 text:[[Barosaurus]] |
||
color:HER bar:NAM15 from:- |
color:HER bar:NAM15 from:-153 till:-150 text:[[Apatosaurus]] |
||
color: |
color:CAR bar:NAM16 from:-152 till:-148 text:[[Saurophaganax]] |
||
color: |
color:HER bar:NAM17 from:-150 till:-145 text:[[Brachiosaurus]] |
||
color:CAR bar:NAM18 from:-150 till:-145 text:[[ |
color:CAR bar:NAM18 from:-150 till:-145 text:[[Ornitholestes]] |
||
color: |
color:OMN bar:NAM19 from:-130 till:-125 text:[[Falcarius]] |
||
color: |
color:CAR bar:NAM20 from:-130 till:-125 text:[[Yurgovuchia]] |
||
color:CAR bar:NAM21 from:- |
color:CAR bar:NAM21 from:-128.5 till:-126 text:[[Utahraptor]] |
||
color: |
color:CAR bar:NAM22 from:-116 till:-110 text:[[Acrocanthosaurus]] |
||
color:CAR bar:NAM23 from:- |
color:CAR bar:NAM23 from:-115 till:-108 text:[[Deinonychus]] |
||
color: |
color:HER bar:NAM24 from:-115 till:-108 text:[[Tenontosaurus]] |
||
color:HER bar:NAM25 from:-112 till:-108 text:[[Sauroposeidon]] |
color:HER bar:NAM25 from:-112 till:-108 text:[[Sauroposeidon]] |
||
color:HER bar:NAM26 from:-93 till:- |
color:HER bar:NAM26 from:-93 till:-91 text:[[Zuniceratops]] |
||
color:HER bar:NAM27 from:-87 till:-82 text:[[Niobrarasaurus]] |
color:HER bar:NAM27 from:-87 till:-82 text:[[Niobrarasaurus]] |
||
color:HER bar:NAM28 from:-83 till:- |
color:HER bar:NAM28 from:-83 till:-74 text:[[Gryposaurus]] |
||
color:HER bar:NAM29 from:- |
color:HER bar:NAM29 from:-79 till:-77 text:[[Brachylophosaurus]] |
||
color: |
color:HER bar:NAM30 from:-77.5 till:-74 text:[[Stegoceras]] |
||
color: |
color:OMN bar:NAM31 from:-77.5 till:-75.5 text:[[Troodon]] |
||
color: |
color:CAR bar:NAM32 from:-77.1 till:-74.1 text:[[Gorgosaurus]] |
||
color:HER bar:NAM33 from:-77 till:-73 text:[[ |
color:HER bar:NAM33 from:-77 till:-73 text:[[Centrosaurus]] |
||
color:HER bar:NAM34 from:-77 till:-73 text:[[ |
color:HER bar:NAM34 from:-77 till:-73 text:[[Corythosaurus]] |
||
color:HER bar:NAM35 from:-77 till:- |
color:HER bar:NAM35 from:-77 till:-74 text:[[Lambeosaurus]] |
||
color:HER bar:NAM36 from:-77 till:- |
color:HER bar:NAM36 from:-77 till:-74 text:[[Monoclonius]] |
||
color:HER bar:NAM37 from:- |
color:HER bar:NAM37 from:-77 till:-66 text:[[Edmontonia]] |
||
color:HER bar:NAM38 from:-76 till:-66 text:[[ |
color:HER bar:NAM38 from:-76.5 till:-66.5 text:[[Ornithomimus]] |
||
color:HER bar:NAM39 from:-76 till:- |
color:HER bar:NAM39 from:-76.5 till:-73 text:[[Parasaurolophus]] |
||
color:HER bar:NAM40 from:-76 till:- |
color:HER bar:NAM40 from:-76.5 till:-74 text:[[Styracosaurus]] |
||
color: |
color:HER bar:NAM41 from:-75.79 till:-73 text:[[Pentaceratops]] |
||
color: |
color:OMN bar:NAM42 from:-75 till:-66 text:[[Struthiomimus]] |
||
color:HER bar:NAM43 from:- |
color:HER bar:NAM43 from:-75 till:-67 text:[[Hypacrosaurus]] |
||
color:HER bar:NAM44 from:-75 till:- |
color:HER bar:NAM44 from:-75 till:-73 text:[[Brachyceratops]] |
||
color:HER bar:NAM45 from:- |
color:HER bar:NAM45 from:-74.5 till:-72 text:[[Ziapelta]] |
||
color: |
color:HER bar:NAM46 from:-74 till:-66 text:[[Kritosaurus]] |
||
color:HER bar:NAM47 from:-73 till:-69 text:[[Edmontosaurus regalis]] |
color:HER bar:NAM47 from:-73 till:-69 text:[[Edmontosaurus regalis]] |
||
color:HER bar:NAM48 from:- |
color:HER bar:NAM48 from:-73 till:-71 text:[[Velafrons]] |
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color:HER bar:NAM49 from:- |
color:HER bar:NAM49 from:-73 till:-70 text:[[Anchiceratops]] |
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color: |
color:CAR bar:NAM50 from:-71 till:-68 text:[[Albertosaurus]] |
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color: |
color:HER bar:NAM51 from:-71 till:-69 text:[[Montanoceratops]] |
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color:HER bar:NAM52 from:-70 till:- |
color:HER bar:NAM52 from:-70 till:-66 text:[[Alamosaurus]] |
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color:HER bar:NAM53 from:-70 till:-66 text:[[ |
color:HER bar:NAM53 from:-70 till:-66 text:[[Pachycephalosaurus]] |
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color:HER bar:NAM54 from:-70 till:- |
color:HER bar:NAM54 from:-70 till:-68.5 text:[[Saurolophus]] |
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color:HER bar:NAM55 from:- |
color:HER bar:NAM55 from:-69 till:-66 text:[[Eotriceratops]] |
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color:HER bar:NAM56 from:-68 till:- |
color:HER bar:NAM56 from:-68 till:-66 text:[[Torosaurus]] |
||
color:HER bar:NAM57 from:-68 till:-66 text:[[ |
color:HER bar:NAM57 from:-68 till:-66 text:[[Triceratops]] |
||
color:HER bar:NAM58 from:-68 till:-66 text:[[ |
color:HER bar:NAM58 from:-68 till:-66 text:[[Ankylosaurus]] |
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color: |
color:CAR bar:NAM59 from:-68 till:-66 text:[[Tyrannosaurus]] |
||
color:HER bar:NAM60 from:- |
color:HER bar:NAM60 from:-68 till:-66 text:[[Thescelosaurus]] |
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color: |
color:HER bar:NAM61 from:-68 till:-66 text:[[Edmontosaurus annectens]] |
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color:HER bar:NAM62 from:- |
color:HER bar:NAM62 from:-68 till:-66 text:[[Leptoceratops]] |
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PlotData= |
PlotData= |
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align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 |
align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 |
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bar:period |
bar:period |
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from: -145 till: - |
from: -145 till: -66 color:cretaceous text:[[Cretaceous]] |
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from: - |
from: -201.3 till: -145 color:jurassic text:[[Jurassic]] |
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from: - |
from: -251.902 till: -201.3 color:triassic text:[[Triassic]] |
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bar:era |
bar:era |
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from: - |
from: -251.902 till: -66 color:mesozoic text:[[Mesozoic]] |
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</timeline> |
</timeline> |
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== See also == |
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==Criteria for inclusion== |
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*The creature must appear on the [[List of dinosaurs]]. |
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* [[List of Appalachian dinosaurs]] - for dinosaurs specifically known from the former landmass of [[Appalachia (landmass)|Appalachia]] (where much of eastern North America is now) |
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*Fossils of the creature must have been found in [[North America]]. |
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{{Portal bar|Dinosaurs|North America}} |
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* [[List of North American birds]] |
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== |
== References == |
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{{Portal|Dinosaurs|North America}} |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{Dinosaurs by Continent}} |
{{Dinosaurs by Continent}} |
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[[Category:Mesozoic dinosaurs of North America|*]] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of North American Dinosaurs}} |
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[[Category:Dinosaurs of North America|*]] |
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[[Category:Lists of dinosaurs by landmass|North America]] |
[[Category:Lists of dinosaurs by landmass|North America]] |
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[[Category:Lists of |
[[Category:Lists of animals of North America|†Dinosaurs]] |
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[[Category:Extinct animals of North America|.]] |
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[[Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines]] |
[[Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines]] |
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[[Category:Articles containing video clips]] |
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]] |
Revision as of 16:50, 30 March 2024
This is a list of dinosaurs whose remains have been recovered from North America. North America has a rich dinosaur fossil record with great diversity of dinosaurs.
History
The earliest potential record of dinosaurs in North America comes from rare, unidentified (possibly theropod) footprints in the Middle-Late Triassic Pekin Formation of North Carolina.[1] However, the most reliable early record of North American dinosaurs comes from fragmentary saurischian fossils unearthed from the Upper Triassic Dockum Group of Texas.[2] Later in the Triassic period, dinosaurs left more recognizable remains, and could be identified as specific genera. Examples of later Triassic North American dinosaur genera include Coelophysis, Chindesaurus, Gojirasaurus, and Tawa. Fossils of Tawa-like dinosaurs have also been found in South America, which has important indications about paleogeography. During the Early Jurassic Period, dinosaurs such as Dilophosaurus, Anchisaurus, Coelophysis (formerly known as Megapnosaurus), and the early thyreophoran Scutellosaurus lived in North America. The latter is believed to have been the ancestor of all stegosaurs and ankylosaurs. The Middle Jurassic is the only poorly represented time period in North America, although several Middle Jurassic localities are known from Mexico. Footprints, eggshells, teeth, and fragments of bone representing theropods, sauropods, and ornithopods have been found, but none of them are diagnostic to the genus level.
The Late Jurassic of North America, however, is the exact opposite of the Middle Jurassic. The Late Jurassic Morrison Formation is found in several U.S. states, including Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Montana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Texas. It is notable as being the most fertile single source of dinosaur fossils in the world. The roster of dinosaurs from the Morrison is impressive. Among the theropods, Allosaurus, Saurophaganax, Torvosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Coelurus, Ornitholestes, Tanycolagreus, Stokesosaurus, and Marshosaurus are found in the Morrison. An abundance of sauropods has been found there, including Apatosaurus, Diplodocus, Barosaurus, Brachiosaurus, Camarasaurus, Brontosaurus and Amphicoelias. Three genera of stegosaurs, Alcovasaurus, Stegosaurus and Hesperosaurus, have been found there. Finally, ornithopods found in the Morrison include Camptosaurus, Dryosaurus, and Nanosaurus,
During the Early Cretaceous, new dinosaurs evolved to replace the old ones. Sauropods were still present, but they were not as diverse as they were in the Jurassic Period. Theropods from the Early Cretaceous of North America include dromaeosaurids such as Deinonychus and Utahraptor, the carnosaur Acrocanthosaurus, and the coelurosaur Microvenator. Sauropods included Astrodon, Brontomerus, and Sauroposeidon. Ornithischians were more diverse than they were in the Jurassic Period. Tenontosaurus, Dakotadon, Protohadros are some of the ornithopods that lived during this time period. Ankylosaurs replaced their stegosaur cousins in the Cretaceous. Ankylosaurs from the Early Cretaceous of North America include Sauropelta and Gastonia. Therizinosaurs such as Falcarius are also known from the Early Cretaceous of North America.
Finally, during the Late Cretaceous Period, dinosaurs continued to diversify, with the Cenomanian stage seeing the rise of hadrosaurs such as Eolambia, as well as tyrannosaurs such as Moros intrepidus, which would eventually replace the carnosaurs, like Siats, as the continent’s apex predators. These groups continued to thrive into the Turonian stage, in which therizinosaurs like Nothronychus and larger ceratopsians such as Zuniceratops lived. During the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous, an enormous diversity of dinosaurs is known. Theropods included the tyrannosaurs Albertosaurus, Gorgosaurus, Daspletosaurus, Teratophoneus, Bistahieversor, and Appalachiosaurus, and the dromaeosaurids Dromaeosaurus, Saurornitholestes, Atrociraptor, and Bambiraptor. Ceratopsians, such as Pachyrhinosaurus, Styracosaurus, Centrosaurus, Monoclonius, Brachyceratops and Pentaceratops also existed. Among hadrosaurs, Hypacrosaurus, Gryposaurus, Kritosaurus, Parasaurolophus, Corythosaurus, Lambeosaurus and Prosaurolophus existed. During the latest Cretaceous, the Maastrichtian age, the diversity of dinosaurs saw a decline from the preceding Campanian stage. North American herbivorous dinosaurs from this time period include the titanosaur sauropod Alamosaurus, the ceratopsians Bravoceratops, Regaliceratops, Triceratops, Leptoceratops, Torosaurus, Nedoceratops, Tatankaceratops (the latter two possible species of Triceratops), and Ojoceratops, the pachycephalosaurs Pachycephalosaurus, Stygimoloch, Dracorex, and Sphaerotholus, the hadrosaurs Augustynolophus, Saurolophus and Edmontosaurus, the ornithopod Thescelosaurus the ankylosaur Ankylosaurus and the nodosaurs Denversaurus, Glyptodontopelta and Edmontonia. Predatory dinosaurs from this time period included the tyrannosaurids Tyrannosaurus, Nanotyrannus (which may just be a juvenile of the former) and Dryptosaurus, the ornithomimids Ornithomimus, Dromiceiomimus, Struthiomimus, the oviraptorids Anzu, Leptorhynchos and Ojoraptorsaurus, the troodontids Pectinodon, Paronychodon and Troodon, the coelurosaur Richardoestesia and the dromaeosaurs Acheroraptor and Dakotaraptor.
The only recorded find of a dinosaur fossil in Central America consists of a single femur discovered from Middle Cretaceous age deposits in Comayagua Department in the central part of Honduras. The fossil had been found in January, 1971 by Bruce Simonson and Gregory Horne, though it was later sent to the National Museum of Natural History, USA where it is deposited under catalogue number USNM PAL 181339. The discovery was not formally described until 1994 where it was identified as the femur of a small hadrosaur or iguanodontid, probably the former.[3] The first report of a dinosaur from Central America ever however was a newspaper article published in August of 1933 by Canada's Montreal Gazette, though the story was picked up by several American newspapers. The fossil was an isolated metatarsus that had been collected by University of Pennsylvania explorer George Mason from woods near Olanchito, Honduras, though a vertebra was also mentioned to be found by locals. The bones have since been lost and their true identity remains indeterminable.[4]
Criteria for inclusion
- The genus must appear on the List of dinosaur genera.
- At least one named species of the creature must have been found in North America.
- This list is a complement to Category:Mesozoic dinosaurs of North America.
List of North American dinosaurs
Valid genera
Invalid and potentially valid genera
- Agathaumas sylvestris: Most well known from a painting by Charles Knight. It may have been a synonym of Triceratops, but without cranial remains, this cannot be confirmed.
- Alcovasaurus longispinus: Although originally named as a species of Stegosaurus, it may actually be a species of the otherwise European Miragaia.
- Antrodemus valens: May represent the same animal as Allosaurus; if so, the name Antrodemus would have priority. However, because it is based on undiagnostic remains of uncertain provenance, this cannot be confirmed.
- Apatodon mirus: Its holotype was originally believed to be the jawbone of a Mesozoic pig, but has been reinterpreted as a dinosaur vertebra. What type of dinosaur it belonged to is unknown, but there have been suggestions that it was from Allosaurus.
- "Beelemodon": Known only from two teeth found in Wyoming. They share features of compsognathids, dromaeosaurids, and basal oviraptorosaurs.
- "Capitalsaurus": The official dinosaur of the District of Columbia. It is known from a single vertebra discovered at the intersection of First and F Streets S.E., which is now appropriately named "Capitalsaurus Court".
- Cathetosaurus lewisi: Usually seen as a species of Camarasaurus, but an unpublished study argues that it might be a distinct genus.
- Claorhynchus trihedrus: An indeterminate cerapod that may be either a hadrosaurid or a ceratopsid, in which case it may be a synonym of Triceratops.
- "Coelosaurus" antiquus: The generic name is said to be preoccupied, but its namesake remains obscure.
- "Comanchesaurus kuesi": Only named in a dissertation. It has been described as a possible indeterminate saurischian.
- Deinodon horridus: Only known from teeth. Several referred teeth have since been found to belong to already known species, and the holotype could itself belong to Gorgosaurus.
- Dracorex hogwartsia: Described as a small, flat-headed pachycephalosaur. However, it is likely that it is just a juvenile Pachycephalosaurus.
- Drinker nisti: May be a synonym of Nanosaurus.
- Epanterias amplexus: Possibly a large specimen of Allosaurus, but it may be a different taxon due to its younger age.
- Latenivenatrix mcmasterae: The largest known troodontid. It is sometimes suggested to be synonymous with Stenonychosaurus, which its remains were originally assigned to.
- "Magulodon muirkirkensis": Only known from a single tooth that may belong to either an ornithopod or a basal ceratopsian.
- "Microcephale": Said to be an extremely small pachycephalosaur, with skull caps only 5 centimetres (2.0 in) long.
- Mojoceratops perifania: May be a species of specimen of Chasmosaurus.
- Nanotyrannus lancensis: Described as a small adult tyrannosaur, although it is more likely to be a juvenile Tyrannosaurus rex.
- Nedoceratops hatcheri: Due to its lack of a nasal horn, it has been named "Diceratops" (which is preoccupied by an insect) and Diceratus. However, it may simply be an unusual specimen of Triceratops.
- Ojoceratops fowleri: May be ancestral to Triceratops or a synonym of Eotriceratops.
- "Orcomimus": Potentially referrable to any of the ornithomimosaur taxa known from the Hell Creek Formation.
- Othnielia rex: Only known from an undiagnostic femur, but it may have belonged to Nanosaurus anyway.
- Othnielosaurus consors: Most likely a synonym of Nanosaurus.
- Palaeopteryx thomsoni: Known from a few very small bones which could belong to either a bird or a small bird-like dinosaur.
- Protoavis texensis: Described as a Triassic bird but is more likely a chimera consisting of elements from various unrelated tetrapods.
- Rhinorex condrupus: Phylogenetic analysis shows that it may fall within Gryposaurus, and thus be a junior synonym of that genus.
- Rubeosaurus ovatus: Likely a species of Styracosaurus, or even simply an unusual specimen of S. albertensis.
- Stygimoloch spinifer: Had a short skull dome with long horns jutting out from behind it. It is usually thought to be a subadult Pachycephalosaurus, but has been noted to be stratigraphically younger.
- Tatankaceratops sacrisonorum: Noted to possess a strange mix of features of both juvenile and adult Triceratops. It may be a dwarf specimen of that genus or an individual that stopped growing prematurely.
Timeline
This is a timeline of selected dinosaurs from the list above. Time is measured in Ma, megaannum, along the x-axis.
See also
- List of Appalachian dinosaurs - for dinosaurs specifically known from the former landmass of Appalachia (where much of eastern North America is now)
References
- ^ HUBER, P. (1998). The oldest Late Triassic footprint assemblage from North America (Pekin Formation, Deep River Basin, North Carolina, USA). Southeastern Geology, 38(2), 77-90.
- ^ Sarıgül, Volkan (2018-11-17). "New archosauromorph fragments from the Dockum Group of Texas and assessment of the earliest dinosaurs in North America". Historical Biology. 30 (8): 1059–1075. doi:10.1080/08912963.2017.1333609. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 134371261.
- ^ Horne, Gregory S. (1994-03-31). "A mid-Cretaceous ornithopod from central Honduras". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 14 (1): 147–150. Bibcode:1994JVPal..14..147H. doi:10.1080/02724634.1994.10011548. ISSN 0272-4634.
- ^ "HONDURAS AND THE DINOSAURS - Escuela de Biología". biologia.unah.edu.hn (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-07-29.
- ^ Longrich, Nicholas R.; Suberbiola, Xabier Pereda; Pyron, R. Alexander; Jalil, Nour-Eddine (2021). "The first duckbill dinosaur (Hadrosauridae: Lambeosaurinae) from Africa and the role of oceanic dispersal in dinosaur biogeography". Cretaceous Research. 120: 104678. Bibcode:2021CrRes.12004678L. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104678. S2CID 228807024.
- ^ Fowler, D. W.; Sullivan, R. M. (2011). "The First Giant Titanosaurian Sauropod from the Upper Cretaceous of North America". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 56 (4): 685. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.694.3759. doi:10.4202/app.2010.0105. S2CID 53126360.
- ^ Longrich, Nicholas R.; Currie, Philip J. (2009). "Albertonykus borealis, a new alvarezsaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Maastrichtian of Alberta, Canada: Implications for the systematics and ecology of the Alvarezsauridae". Cretaceous Research. 30 (1): 239–252. Bibcode:2009CrRes..30..239L. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2008.07.005.
- ^ Eberth, David A.; Currie, Philip J. (2010). "Stratigraphy, sedimentology, and taphonomy of the Albertosaurus bonebed (upper Horseshoe Canyon Formation; Maastrichtian), southern Alberta, Canada". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 47 (9): 1119–1143. Bibcode:2010CaJES..47.1119E. doi:10.1139/e10-045.
- ^ Tykoski, Ronald S.; Contreras, Dori L.; Noto, Christopher (2023-10-13). "The first small-bodied ornithopod dinosaur from the Lewisville Formation (middle Cenomanian) of Texas". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. doi:10.1080/02724634.2023.2257238. ISSN 0272-4634.
- ^ Prieto-Márquez, A. 2014. "Skeletal morphology of Kritosaurus navajovius (Dinosauria:Hadrosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of the North American south-west, with an evaluation of the phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of Kritosaurini". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 12(2): 133-175
- ^ Smith, Nathan (1820). "Fossil bones found in red sandstones". American Journal of Science. 2: 146–147.
- ^ Prieto-Márquez, Albert; Wagner, Jonathan R.; Lehman, Thomas (2020). "An unusual 'shovel-billed' dinosaur with trophic specializations from the early Campanian of Trans-Pecos Texas, and the ancestral hadrosaurian crest". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (6): 461–498. doi:10.1080/14772019.2019.1625078. S2CID 202018197.
- ^ Taylor, M.P. (2010). "Sauropod dinosaur research: a historical review." Pp. 361-386 in Moody, R.T.J., Buffetaut, E., Naish, D. and Martill, D.E. (eds.), Dinosaurs and Other Extinct Saurians: A Historical Perspective. London: The Geological Society, Special Publication No. 34.
- ^ a b c Tschopp, E.; Mateus, O. V.; Benson, R. B. J. (2015). "A specimen-level phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Diplodocidae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda)". PeerJ. 3: e857. doi:10.7717/peerj.857. PMC 4393826. PMID 25870766.
- ^ McKeown, Matthew; Brusatte, Stephen L.; Williamson, Thomas E.; Schwab, Julia A.; Carr, Thomas D.; Butler, Ian B.; Muir, Amy; Schroeder, Katlin; Espy, Michelle A.; Hunter, James F.; Losko, Adrian S. (2020). "Neurosensory and Sinus Evolution as Tyrannosauroid Dinosaurs Developed Giant Size: Insight from the Endocranial Anatomy of Bistahieversor sealeyi" (PDF). The Anatomical Record. 303 (4): 1043–1059. doi:10.1002/ar.24374. hdl:20.500.11820/8c657729-91df-4f7c-bca5-b9c469781768. ISSN 1932-8494. PMID 31967416. S2CID 210871038.
- ^ G. F. Funston & P. J. Currie (2020) New material of Chirostenotes pergracilis (Theropoda, Oviraptorosauria) from the Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada, Historical Biology, doi:10.1080/08912963.2020.1726908
- ^ Foster, J. (2007). "Camptosaurus dispar." Jurassic West: The Dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and Their World. Indiana University Press. p. 219-221.
- ^ Sanders, F.; Manley, K.; Carpenter, K. (2001). "Gastroliths from the Lower Cretaceous sauropod Cedarosaurus weiskopfae". In Tanke, Darren; Carpenter, Ken (eds.). Mesozoic Vertebrate Life: New Research Inspired by the Paleontology of Philip J. Currie. Indiana University Press. pp. 166–180. ISBN 0-253-33907-3.
- ^ D.A. Eberth, D.B. Brinkman, V. Barkas, "A centrosaurine mega-bonebed from the Upper Cretaceous of southern Alberta: Implications for behaviour and death events" in New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Ceratopsian Symposium at the Royal Tyrrell Museum, September 2007 (2010).
- ^ Novas, Fernando E.; Agnolin, Federico L.; Ezcurra, Martín D.; Temp Müller, Rodrigo; Martinelli, Agustín G.; Langer, Max C. (October 2021). "Review of the fossil record of early dinosaurs from South America, and its phylogenetic implications". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 110: 103341. Bibcode:2021JSAES.11003341N. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103341.
- ^ Therrien, François; Zelenitsky, Darla K.; Tanaka, Kohei; Voris, Jared T.; Erickson, Gregory M.; Currie, Philip J.; Debuhr, Christopher L.; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu (2023). "Exceptionally preserved stomach contents of a young tyrannosaurid reveal an ontogenetic dietary shift in an iconic extinct predator". Science Advances. 9 (49). Bibcode:2023SciA....9I.505T. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adi0505. PMC 10846869. PMID 38064561.
- ^ Cau, Andrea; Brougham, Tom; Naish, Darren (2015). "The phylogenetic affinities of the bizarre Late Cretaceous Romanian theropod Balaur bondoc (Dinosauria, Maniraptora): Dromaeosaurid or flightless bird?". PeerJ. 3: e1032. doi:10.7717/peerj.1032. PMC 4476167. PMID 26157616.
- ^ Jasinski, Steven E.; Sullivan, Robert M.; Dodson, Peter (2020-03-26). "New Dromaeosaurid Dinosaur (Theropoda, Dromaeosauridae) from New Mexico and Biodiversity of Dromaeosaurids at the end of the Cretaceous". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 5105. Bibcode:2020NatSR..10.5105J. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61480-7. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7099077. PMID 32218481.
- ^ Warshaw, Elías A.; Fowler, Denver W. (2022). "A transitional species of Daspletosaurus Russell, 1970 from the Judith River Formation of eastern Montana". PeerJ. 10. e14461. doi:10.7717/peerj.14461. PMC 9703990. PMID 36452080.
- ^ a b Scherer, Charlie Roger; Voiculescu-Holvad, Christian (2024). "Re-analysis of a dataset refutes claims of anagenesis within Tyrannosaurus-line tyrannosaurines (Theropoda, Tyrannosauridae)". Cretaceous Research. 155. 105780. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105780. ISSN 0195-6671.
- ^ Bakker, R.T. (1988). "Review of the Late Cretaceous nodosauroid Dinosauria: Denversaurus schlessmani, a new armor-plated dinosaur from the Latest Cretaceous of South Dakota, the last survivor of the nodosaurians, with comments on Stegosaur-Nodosaur relationships". Hunteria 1(3): 1-23.(1988).
- ^ Jasinski, S. E.; Sullivan, R. M.; Dodson, P. (2020). "New Dromaeosaurid Dinosaur (Theropoda, Dromaeosauridae) from New Mexico and Biodiversity of Dromaeosaurids at the end of the Cretaceous". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 5105. Bibcode:2020NatSR..10.5105J. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61480-7. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7099077. PMID 32218481.
- ^ Myhrvold, Nathan P. (1997). "Supersonic sauropods? Tail dynamics in the diplodocids" (PDF). Paleobiology. 23 (4): 393–409. Bibcode:1997Pbio...23..393M. doi:10.1017/S0094837300019801. S2CID 83696153.
- ^ Conti S, Tschopp E, Mateus O, Zanoni A, Masarati P, Sala G (2022). "Multibody analysis and soft tissue strength refute supersonic dinosaur tail". Scientific Reports. 12 (1). 19245. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-21633-2. PMC 9732322. PMID 36482175.
- ^ Galton, Peter M.; Jensen, James A. (1973). "Small bones of the hypsilophodontid dinosaur Dryosaurus altus from the Upper Jurassic of Colorado". The Great Basin Naturalist. 33 (22): 129–132. JSTOR 41711378.
- ^ Arbour, V. M.; Burns, M. E.; Sissons, R. L. (2009). "A redescription of the ankylosaurid dinosaur Dyoplosaurus acutosquameus Parks, 1924 (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria) and a revision of the genus". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (4): 1117. Bibcode:2009JVPal..29.1117A. doi:10.1671/039.029.0405. S2CID 85665879.
- ^ Prieto-Marquez, Albert; Erickson, Gregory M.; Ebersole, Jun A. (2016). "A primitive hadrosaurid from southeastern North America and the origin and early evolution of 'duck-billed' dinosaurs". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (2): e1054495. Bibcode:2016JVPal..36E4495P. doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.1054495. S2CID 86032549.
- ^ Coombs W. (1972). "The Bony Eyelid of Euoplocephalus (Reptilia, Ornithischia)". Journal of Paleontology. 46 (5): 637–50. JSTOR 1303019..
- ^ Arbour, V. M.; Evans, D. C. (2019). "A new leptoceratopsid dinosaur from Maastrichtian-aged deposits of the Sustut Basin, northern British Columbia, Canada". PeerJ. 7: e7926. doi:10.7717/peerj.7926. PMC 6842559. PMID 31720103.
- ^ Dalman, S.G. (2014). "New data on small theropod dinosaurs from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Como Bluff, Wyoming, USA" (PDF). Volumina Jurassica. 12 (2): 181–196.
- ^ Butler, Richard J.; Galton, Peter M.; Porro, Laura B.; Chiappe, Luis M.; Henderson, D. M.; Erickson, Gregory M. (2010). "Lower limits of ornithischian dinosaur body size inferred from a new Upper Jurassic heterodontosaurid from North America". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 277 (1680): 375–381. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.1494. PMC 2842649. PMID 19846460.
- ^ Kinneer, B.; Carpenter, K.; Shaw, A. (2016). "Redescription of Gastonia burgei (Dinosauria: Ankylosauria, Polacanthidae), and description of a new species". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 282 (1): 37–80. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2016/0605.
- ^ Nicolás E. Campione; Kirstin S. Brink; Elizabeth A. Freedman; Christopher T. McGarrity; David C. Evans (2012). "Glishades ericksoni, an indeterminate juvenile hadrosaurid from the Two Medicine Formation of Montana: implications for hadrosauroid diversity in the latest Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) of western North America". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. in press. doi:10.1007/s12549-012-0097-1. S2CID 128568454.
- ^ Nesbitt, Irmis and Parker (2007). "A critical re-evaluation of the Late Triassic dinosaur taxa of North America." Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 5 (#2): 209–243.
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