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{{for|the legal status of the psychoactive substance found in [[psilocybin mushrooms]]|psilocybin#Legal status|psilocin#Legal status}} |
{{for|the legal status of the psychoactive substance found in [[psilocybin mushrooms]]|psilocybin#Legal status|psilocin#Legal status}} |
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{{original research|date=April 2015}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2012}} |
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The '''legal status of unauthorised actions with psilocybin mushrooms''' varies worldwide. [[Psilocybin]] and [[psilocin]] are listed as [[Schedule I drug]]s under the United Nations 1971 [[Convention on Psychotropic Substances]].<ref>{{cite web|title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |publisher=[[International Narcotics Control Board]] |date=August 2003 |accessdate=25 June 2007 |url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051205125434/http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |archivedate= 5 December 2005 }}</ref> Schedule I drugs are defined as drugs with a high potential for abuse or drugs that have no recognized medical uses. However, psilocybin mushrooms have had numerous medicinal <ref>{{cite web|last=Griffiths & Grob|first=Roland R. & Charles S.|title=Hallucinogens as Medicine|url=http://www.csp.org/psilocybin/SciAmHallucinogens201012.pdf|work=Scientific American|accessdate=22 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Szalavitz|first=Maia|title=‘Magic Mushrooms’ Can Improve Psychological Health Long Term|url=http://healthland.time.com/2011/06/16/magic-mushrooms-can-improve-psychological-health-long-term/|work=Time|accessdate=22 March 2013|date=16 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Griffiths|first=Roland R.|title=Psilocybin occasioned mystical-type experiences: immediate and persisting dose-related effects|journal=Psychopharmacology|volume=218|issue=4|pages=649–665|doi=10.1007/s00213-011-2358-5|pmid=21674151|pmc=3308357|year=2011}}</ref> and religious uses in [[Psilocybin mushroom#Early|dozens of cultures throughout history]] and have a significantly lower potential for abuse than other Schedule I drugs.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jerome|first=Lisa|title=Psilocybin Investigator's Brochure|url=http://www.maps.org/research/psilo/psilo_ib.pdf|work=MAPS|accessdate=22 March 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130319002940/http://www.maps.org/research/psilo/psilo_ib.pdf|archivedate=19 March 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> |
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[[File:Legality-of-psilocybin-mushrooms.svg|thumb|300px|Legality of unauthorised actions with psilocybin mushrooms by country |
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{{legend|#003366|Legal}} |
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{{legend|#fdca01|Ambiguous/Partially legal/Decriminalized}} |
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{{legend|#d40000|Illegal}} |
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{{legend|#e1e1e1|No information}}]] |
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{{Psychedelic sidebar}} |
{{Psychedelic sidebar}} |
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The '''legal status of unauthorised actions with psilocybin mushrooms''' varies worldwide. [[Psilocybin]] and [[psilocin]] are listed as [[Schedule I drug]]s under the United Nations 1971 [[Convention on Psychotropic Substances]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |publisher=[[International Narcotics Control Board]] |date=August 2003 |access-date=25 June 2007 |url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051205125434/http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |archive-date= 5 December 2005 }}</ref> Schedule I drugs are defined as drugs with a high potential for abuse or drugs that have no recognized medical uses. However, psilocybin mushrooms have had numerous medicinal<ref>{{cite web|last=Griffiths & Grob|first=Roland R. & Charles S.|title=Hallucinogens as Medicine|url=http://www.csp.org/psilocybin/SciAmHallucinogens201012.pdf|work=Scientific American|access-date=22 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003152701/http://csp.org/psilocybin/SciAmHallucinogens201012.pdf|archive-date=3 October 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Szalavitz|first=Maia|title='Magic Mushrooms' Can Improve Psychological Health Long Term|url=http://healthland.time.com/2011/06/16/magic-mushrooms-can-improve-psychological-health-long-term/|magazine=Time|access-date=22 March 2013|date=16 June 2011|archive-date=21 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130421074648/http://healthland.time.com/2011/06/16/magic-mushrooms-can-improve-psychological-health-long-term/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Griffiths|first=Roland R.|title=Psilocybin occasioned mystical-type experiences: immediate and persisting dose-related effects|journal=Psychopharmacology|volume=218|issue=4|pages=649–665|doi=10.1007/s00213-011-2358-5|pmid=21674151|pmc=3308357|year=2011}}</ref> and religious uses in [[Psilocybin mushroom#Early|dozens of cultures throughout history]] and have a significantly lower potential for abuse than other Schedule I drugs.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jerome|first=Lisa|title=Psilocybin Investigator's Brochure|url=http://www.maps.org/research/psilo/psilo_ib.pdf|work=MAPS|access-date=22 March 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130319002940/http://www.maps.org/research/psilo/psilo_ib.pdf|archive-date=19 March 2013}}</ref> |
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Psilocybin mushrooms are not regulated by UN treaties. From a letter, dated 13 September 2001, from Herbert Schaepe, Secretary of the UN [[International Narcotics Control Board]], to the Dutch Ministry of Health:<ref>{{cite web|last=Schaepe |first=Herbert |url=http://www.erowid.org/plants/mushrooms/mushrooms_law12.shtml |title=UN's INCB Psilocybin Mushroom Policy |publisher=Erowid.org |date=13 September 2001 |accessdate=7 January 2012}}</ref> |
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<blockquote>As you are aware, mushrooms containing the above substances are collected and used for their hallucinogenic effects. As a matter of international law, no plants (natural material) containing psilocine and psilocybin are at present controlled under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971. Consequently, ''preparations made of these plants are not under international control and, therefore, not subject of the articles of the 1971 Convention'' [emphasis added]. Criminal cases are decided with reference to domestic law, which may otherwise provide for controls over mushrooms containing psilocine and psilocybin. As the Board can only speak as to the contours of the international drug conventions, I am unable to provide an opinion on the litigation in question.</blockquote> |
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Psilocybin ''mushrooms'' are not regulated by UN treaties.<ref>{{cite web |last=Schaepe |first=Herbert |url=http://www.erowid.org/plants/mushrooms/mushrooms_law12.shtml |title=UN's INCB Psilocybin Mushroom Policy |publisher=Erowid.org |date=13 September 2001 |access-date=7 January 2012 |quote=As you are aware, mushrooms containing the above substances are collected and used for their hallucinogenic effects. As a matter of international law, no plants (natural material) containing psilocin and psilocybin are at present controlled under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971. Consequently, ''preparations made of these plants are not under international control and, therefore, not subject of the articles of the 1971 Convention'' [emphasis added]. Criminal cases are decided with reference to domestic law, which may otherwise provide for controls over mushrooms containing psilocine and psilocybin. As the Board can only speak as to the contours of the international drug conventions, I am unable to provide an opinion on the litigation in question. |archive-date=12 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091112012632/http://www.erowid.org/plants/mushrooms/mushrooms_law12.shtml |url-status=live }} (Letter from Secretary of the UN [[International Narcotics Control Board]] to the Dutch Ministry of Health)</ref> |
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Many countries, however, have some level of regulation or prohibition of psilocybin mushrooms (for example, the US [[Psychotropic Substances Act (United States)|Psychotropic Substances Act]], the UK [[Misuse of Drugs Act 1971]], and the Canadian [[Controlled Drugs and Substances Act]]). |
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In some jurisdictions, ''Psilocybe'' spores are legal to sell and possess, because they contain neither psilocybin nor psilocin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2, 2024 |title=Psilocybin Spores are Not Controlled |url=https://hcany.org/psilocybin |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=Home Cultivation Association of New York |language=en-US}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=January 2023}} In other jurisdictions, they are banned because they are items that are used in drug manufacture. A few jurisdictions (such as the US states of California, Georgia and Idaho) have specifically prohibited the sale and possession of psilocybin mushroom spores. Cultivation of psilocybin mushrooms is considered drug manufacture in most jurisdictions and is often severely penalized, though some countries and one US state (New Mexico) has ruled that growing psilocybin mushrooms does not qualify as "manufacturing" a controlled substance.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}} |
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==History== |
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In the United States, psilocybin (and psilocin) were first subjected to federal regulation by the Drug Abuse Control Amendments of 1965, a product of a [[Bill (proposed law)|bill]] sponsored by Senator [[Thomas J. Dodd]]. The law—passed in July 1965 and effected on 1 February 1966—was an amendment to the federal [[Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act]] and was intended to regulate the unlicensed "possession, manufacture, or sale of depressant, stimulant and hallucinogenic drugs".<ref name="Boire_2002">{{Cite book |title=Sacred Mushrooms and the Law |vauthors=Boire RG |publisher=[[Ronin Publishing]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-57951-061-9 |location=Berkeley, California}}</ref>{{rp|25}} The [[statute]]s themselves, however, did not list the "hallucinogenic drugs" that were being regulated.<ref name="Boire_2002" />{{rp|25}} Instead, the term "hallucinogenic drugs" was meant to refer to those substances believed to have a "hallucinogenic effect on the central nervous system".<ref name="Boire_2002" />{{rp|25}} |
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Despite the seemingly strict provisions of the law, many people were exempt from prosecution. The statutes "permit[ted] ... people to possess such drugs so long as they were for the personal use of the possessor, [for] a member of his household, or for administration to an animal".<ref name="Boire_2002" />{{rp|25}} The federal law that specifically banned psilocybin and psilocin was enacted on 24 October 1968{{which|date=February 2022}}. The substances were said to have "a high potential for abuse", "no currently accepted medical use", and "a lack of accepted safety".<ref name="Boire_2002" />{{rp|26}} On 27 October 1970, both psilocybin and psilocin became classified as Schedule I drugs and were simultaneously labeled "hallucinogens" under a section of the [[Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970|Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act]] known as the [[Controlled Substances Act]].<ref name="urlINCB">{{Cite web |date=August 2003 |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051205125434/http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |archive-date=5 December 2005 |publisher=[[International Narcotics Control Board]] |location=Vienna, Austria |edition=23rd}}</ref> Schedule I drugs are illicit drugs that are claimed to have no known therapeutic benefit. Johns Hopkins researchers suggest that if psilocybin clears the current phase III clinical trials, it should be re-categorized to a schedule IV drug such as prescription sleep aids, but with tighter control.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2018 |title=Hopkins researchers recommend reclassifying psilocybin, the drug in "magic" mushrooms, from schedule I to schedule IV |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2018/09/26/psilocybin-scheduling-magic-mushrooms/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425165052/https://hub.jhu.edu/2018/09/26/psilocybin-scheduling-magic-mushrooms/ |archive-date=25 April 2019 |access-date=25 April 2019 |publisher=Johns Hopkins}}</ref><ref name="Johnson_2018">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Johnson MW, Griffiths RR, Hendricks PS, Henningfield JE |date=November 2018 |title=The abuse potential of medical psilocybin according to the 8 factors of the Controlled Substances Act |journal=Neuropharmacology |volume=142 |pages=143–166 |doi=10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.05.012 |pmc=6791528 |pmid=29753748}}</ref> |
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The [[United Nations]] [[Convention on Psychotropic Substances]] (adopted in 1971) requires its members to prohibit psilocybin, and parties to the treaty are required to restrict use of the drug to medical and scientific research under strictly controlled conditions. However, the mushrooms containing the drug were not specifically included in the convention, due largely to pressure from the [[Mexican government]].<ref name="Bone2011">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Br3PU2PJhywC&pg=PA258 |title=Mycophilia: Revelations from the Weird World of Mushrooms |vauthors=Bone E |publisher=Rodale |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-60529-407-0 |location=New York, New York |pages=257–258 |access-date=27 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404054348/https://books.google.com/books?id=Br3PU2PJhywC&pg=PA258 |archive-date=4 April 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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Most national [[Prohibition (drugs)|drug laws]] have been amended to reflect the terms of the convention; examples include the UK [[Misuse of Drugs Act 1971]], the US [[Psychotropic Substances Act (United States)|Psychotropic Substances Act]] of 1978,<ref name="urlINCB" /> Australia [[Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons|Poisons Standard]] (October 2015),<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2015 |title=Misuse of Drugs Act 1981 |url=http://www.slp.wa.gov.au/pco/prod/FileStore.nsf/Documents/MRDocument:28280P/$FILE/Misuse%20Of%20Drugs%20Act%201981%20-%20%5B06-e0-00%5D.pdf?OpenElement |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222180141/http://www.slp.wa.gov.au/pco/prod/FileStore.nsf/Documents/MRDocument%3A28280P/%24FILE/Misuse%20Of%20Drugs%20Act%201981%20-%20%5B06-e0-00%5D.pdf?OpenElement |archive-date=22 December 2015 |via=www.slp.wa.gov.au}}</ref> the Canadian [[Controlled Drugs and Substances Act]] of 1996,<ref name="Ballesteros_2006">{{Cite book |title=New Research on Street Drugs |vauthors=Ballesteros S, Ramón MF, Iturralde MJ, Martínez-Arrieta R |publisher=[[Nova Science Publishers]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-59454-961-8 |veditors=Cole SM |location=New York, New York |pages=167–186 |chapter=Natural sources of drugs of abuse: magic mushrooms |access-date=27 February 2016 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ovGcMmz5emUC&pg=PA167 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404021804/https://books.google.com/books?id=ovGcMmz5emUC&pg=PA167 |archive-date=4 April 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|178–9}} and the Japanese Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Law of 2002.<ref name="Ballesteros_2006" />{{rp|167–86}} The possession and use of psilocybin is prohibited under almost all circumstances, and often carries severe legal penalties.<ref name=Bone2011/> |
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==Complexities of enforcement== |
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Possession and use of psilocybin mushrooms, including the bluing species of ''Psilocybe'', is therefore prohibited by extension. However, in many national, state, and provincial drug laws, there has been a great deal of ambiguity about the legal status of psilocybin mushrooms, as well as a strong element of [[selective enforcement]] in some places.<ref name="urlEMCDDA">{{Cite web |date=19 September 2011 |title=Drug profiles: Hallucinogenic mushrooms |url=http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/drug-profiles/mushrooms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127192429/http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/drug-profiles/mushrooms |archive-date=27 November 2011 |access-date=4 December 2011 |publisher=European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction}}</ref><ref name="Boire_2002" />{{rp|25–48}} Most US [[State court (United States)|state courts]] have considered the mushroom a "container" of the illicit drugs, and therefore illegal. A [[loophole]] further complicates the legal situation—the spores of psilocybin mushrooms do not contain the drugs, and are legal to possess in many areas. Jurisdictions that have specifically enacted or amended laws to criminalize the possession of psilocybin mushroom spores include Germany (since 1998),<ref name="Ballesteros_2006" /> and [[California]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], and [[Idaho]] in the United States. As a consequence, there is an active [[underground economy]] involved in the sale of spores and cultivation materials, and an internet-based social network to support the illicit activity.<ref name="Marley_2010">{{Cite book |title=Chanterelle Dreams, Amanita Nightmares: The Love, Lore, and Mystique of Mushrooms |vauthors=Marley G |publisher=Chelsea Green Publishing |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-60358-214-8 |location=White River Junction, Vermont |pages=163–184 |chapter=Psilocybin: gateway to the soul or just a good high?}}</ref>{{rp|177–178}} |
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==Changes in the 2020s== |
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Many countries, however, have some level of regulation or prohibition of psilocybin mushrooms (for example, the US [[Psychotropic Substances Act (United States)|Psychotropic Substances Act]], the UK [[Misuse of Drugs Act 1971]], and the Canadian [[Controlled Drugs and Substances Act]]). The prohibition of psilocybin mushrooms has come under criticism, from the general public and from researchers who see therapeutic potential with regard to drug addictions and other mental instabilities, such as PTSD, anxiety and depression.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/johns-hopkins-researchers-magic-mushrooms-psilocybin-medicine-legal-schedule-5-2018-10|title=A team of Johns Hopkins researchers is calling for magic mushrooms to be made legally available as medicine|first=Erin|last=Brodwin|date=11 October 2018|publisher=|via=www.businessinsider.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/feb/06/magic-mushrooms-law-war-drugs|title=Magic mushrooms, international law and the failed 'war on drugs' |
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On 3 November 2020, voters passed a ballot [[Popular initiative|initiative]] in [[Oregon]] that made "magic mushrooms" legal for mental health treatment in supervised settings from 1 February 2021.<ref>{{cite news |last= Feuer |first= Will |date= 4 November 2020 |title= Oregon becomes first state to legalize magic mushrooms as more states ease drug laws in 'psychedelic renaissance' |url= https://www.cnbc.com/2020/11/04/oregon-becomes-first-state-to-legalize-magic-mushrooms-as-more-states-ease-drug-laws.html |publisher= [[CNBC]] |access-date= 8 November 2020 |archive-date= 7 January 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230107175646/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/11/04/oregon-becomes-first-state-to-legalize-magic-mushrooms-as-more-states-ease-drug-laws.html |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="IBT">{{cite news |last= Siena |first= Nina |date= 5 November 2020 |title= Oregon becomes first US state to decriminalise cocaine, heroin and methamphetamine |url= https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/oregon-becomes-first-us-state-decriminalise-cocaine-heroin-methamphetamine-1685570 |work= [[International Business Times]] |access-date= 9 November 2020 |archive-date= 5 December 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211205124657/https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/oregon-becomes-first-us-state-decriminalise-cocaine-heroin-methamphetamine-1685570 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.abqjournal.com/news/state/apmush06-15-05.htm |title=Court: Growing Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Not Illegal in N.M. |last=Massey |first=Barry |date=15 June 2015 |website=Albuquerque Journal |access-date=18 February 2018 |archive-date=18 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218210248/https://www.abqjournal.com/news/state/apmush06-15-05.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> There currently is a bill pending in the [[California State Legislature]] that would legalize the "possession, obtaining, giving away, or transportation of, specified quantities of [[psilocybin]], [[psilocyn]], [[dimethyltryptamine]] (DMT), [[ibogaine]], [[mescaline]], [[lysergic acid diethylamide]] (LSD), and [[3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine]] (MDMA)." The bill has been approved by the [[California State Senate]] with 21 votes in favor of the same. The bill is currently in committee in the [[California State Assembly]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB519|title=An act to amend Sections 11054, 11150.2, 11350, 11364, 11364.7, 11365, 11377, 11379, 11382, and 11550 of, to add Sections 11350.1 and 11377.1 to, to add and repeal Section 131065 of, to repeal Section 11999 of, and to repeal Article 7 (commencing with Section 11390) of Chapter 6 of Division 10 of, the Health and Safety Code, relating to controlled substances.|author=[[Scott Wiener]]|publisher=[[California Office of Legislative Counsel]]|accessdate=30 October 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026082937/https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB519|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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|first=Amanda|last=Feilding|date=6 February 2012|publisher=|via=www.theguardian.com|newspaper=The Guardian |
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}}</ref> Among regulated drugs, psilocybin mushrooms also have relatively few medical risks.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/may/23/study-hallucinogenic-mushrooms-safest-recreational-drug-lsd|title=Study finds mushrooms are the safest recreational drug|first=Olivia|last=Solon|date=24 May 2017|publisher=|via=www.theguardian.com|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> |
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In November 2020, the District of Columbia passed initiative 81; the short title of the initiative was the Entheogenic Plant and Fungus Policy Act of 2020 and it came into effect on March 15, 2021. This bill allows for the possession and non-for-profit gifting or distribution of psilocybin mushrooms, ibogaine, dimethyltryptamine (nn-DMT), and mescaline by similar measures as to the already in place bills for the possession and gifting of marijuana products. |
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In many national, state, and provincial drug laws, there is a great deal of ambiguity about the legal status of psilocybin mushrooms, as well as a strong element of [[selective enforcement]] in some places, since psilocybin and psilocin are deemed illegal to possess without license as substances, but mushrooms themselves are not mentioned in these laws. The legal status of ''Psilocybe'' spores is even more ambiguous, as the spores contain neither psilocybin nor psilocin, and hence are not illegal to sell or possess in many jurisdictions, though many jurisdictions will prosecute under broader laws prohibiting items that are used in drug manufacture. A few jurisdictions (such as the US states of Georgia and Idaho) have specifically prohibited the sale and possession of psilocybin mushroom spores. Cultivation of psilocybin mushrooms is considered drug manufacture in most jurisdictions and is often severely penalized, though some countries and one US state has ruled that growing psilocybin mushrooms does not qualify as "manufacturing" a controlled substance.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.abqjournal.com/news/state/apmush06-15-05.htm |title=Court: Growing Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Not Illegal in N.M. |last=Massey |first=Barry |date=15 June 2015 |website=Albuquerque Journal |access-date=18 February 2018}}</ref> |
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On 5 October 2022, the Canadian province of [[Province of Alberta|Alberta]] announced it would be among the first to regulate and allow the use of psilocybin, [[LSD]], [[MDMA]], [[mescaline]], [[ketamine]], and [[DMT]] for medicinal purposes in drug-assisted psychotherapy. The new regulations came into effect in January 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mertz |first=Emily |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/9179633/alberta-standards-psychedelic-drug-assisted-therapy/amp/ |title=Alberta sets standards for psychedelic drug-assisted therapy |work=Global |location=Edmonton |publisher=Global News |date=5 October 2022 |accessdate=10 October 2022 |archive-date=10 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010043958/https://globalnews.ca/news/9179633/alberta-standards-psychedelic-drug-assisted-therapy/amp/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2022, [[Colorado]] became the second US state to decriminalize psilocybin mushrooms.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Jennifer |date=10 November 2022 |title=Colorado becomes second state to decriminalize "magic mushrooms" |url=http://coloradosun.com/2022/11/09/proposition-122-colorado-results-psilocybin-mushrooms-2/ |access-date=10 November 2022 |website=The Colorado Sun |language=en-US |archive-date=10 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110005912/https://coloradosun.com/2022/11/09/proposition-122-colorado-results-psilocybin-mushrooms-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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On 5 February 2023, [[Australia]] approved psilocybin and MDMA in prescription medications for the treatment of [[Post-traumatic stress disorder|PTSD]] and [[Treatment-resistant depression|treatment resistant depression]]. This went into effect on 1 July 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jaeger |first=Kyle |date=6 February 2023 |title=Australia Legalizes Psilocybin And MDMA Prescriptions As U.S. Patients Seek Similar Authorization |url=https://www.marijuanamoment.net/australia-legalizes-psilocybin-and-mdma-prescriptions-as-u-s-patients-seek-similar-authorization/ |access-date=6 February 2023 |website=Marijuana Moment |language=en-US |archive-date=6 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206133256/https://www.marijuanamoment.net/australia-legalizes-psilocybin-and-mdma-prescriptions-as-u-s-patients-seek-similar-authorization/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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== List by country == |
== List by country == |
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| {{no|Illegal}} || {{No|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal but spores or magic kits are not illegal since they don't contain psilocybin}} || Cultivation, manufacture, possession, use and supply of psilocybin is illegal throughout [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Hallucinogens|url=http://www.aic.gov.au/crime_types/drugs_alcohol/drug_types/hallucinogens.html|website=Australian Institute of Crimonology|access-date=8 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808102805/http://www.aic.gov.au/crime_types/drugs_alcohol/drug_types/hallucinogens.html|archive-date=8 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> From July 2023, authorised psychiatrists can prescribe psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shepherd |first=Tory |date=3 February 2023 |title=Australia to allow prescription of MDMA and psilocybin for treatment-resistant mental illnesses |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/feb/03/australia-to-allow-prescription-of-mdma-and-psilocybin-for-treatment-resistant-mental-illnesses |access-date=3 February 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=3 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203080106/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/feb/03/australia-to-allow-prescription-of-mdma-and-psilocybin-for-treatment-resistant-mental-illnesses |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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==={{Flagu|Australia}}=== |
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| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || Although native, the cultivation, manufacture, possession, use and supply of psilocybin is illegal throughout [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Hallucinogens|url=http://www.aic.gov.au/crime_types/drugs_alcohol/drug_types/hallucinogens.html|website=Australian Institute of Crimonology|accessdate=8 August 2014}}</ref> |
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|- |
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! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Austria}} |
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| |
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| {{yes|Legal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{yes|Legal}}<ref>{{cite web |title=RS0125174 |url=https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/Justiz/JJR_20090721_OGH0002_0140OS00057_09B0000_001/JJR_20090721_OGH0002_0140OS00057_09B0000_001.html |access-date=1 May 2022 |website=Rechtsinformationssystem Austria |archive-date=7 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107000101/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/Justiz/JJR_20090721_OGH0002_0140OS00057_09B0000_001/JJR_20090721_OGH0002_0140OS00057_09B0000_001.html |url-status=live }}</ref> || {{yes|Legal (No restriction for cultivation as long as the mushrooms are not intended to be used as drugs)}} || The personal possession and use of psilocybin mushrooms is not criminalized. Cultivation is technically legal as long as the mushrooms are not harvested for use. Selling or offering or providing access to the mushrooms to others is illegal.<ref>{{cite web |title=Suchtmittelgesetz 28.03.2022 |url=https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung/Bundesnormen/10011040/SMG%2c%20Fassung%20vom%2028.03.2022.pdf |access-date=28 March 2022 |website=Rechtsinformationssystem Austria |archive-date=12 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412020907/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung/Bundesnormen/10011040/SMG%2c%20Fassung%20vom%2028.03.2022.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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==={{Flagu|Austria}}=== |
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| {{partial|No restrictions on fresh mushrooms. Dried mushrooms are decriminalized for personal consumption.}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{yes|Legal (No restriction for cultivation as long as the mushrooms are not intended to be used as drugs)}} || The possession of psilocybin mushrooms was decriminalized in a reform as of January 2016 in [[Austria]]. Offenders will have to undergo a free therapy instead of a trial. Cultivation is technically legal as long as the mushrooms are not harvested. Growkits can legally be bought over the internet or in shops in Vienna.<ref>{{cite web|title=Smoke Shop in Vienna: Mushroom grow kits for sale|url=https://www.smokeshop.wien/produkt-kategorie/smartshop/mushrooms/|accessdate=25 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Queerbeet in Vienna: Spores for sale|url=https://shop.querbeet.at/sporen|accessdate=25 July 2019}}</ref> Sale and Transport are still illegal.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hallucinogens|url=http://www.krone.at/Steiermark/Kiffen_wird_quasi_straffrei-Ab_1._Jaenner_2016_-Story-481770|website=Krone newspaper|accessdate=8 August 2014}}</ref> |
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|- |
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! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Bahamas}} |
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| |
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| {{Yes|Legal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{Yes|Legal}} || {{Yes|Legal for private use}} || Magic Mushrooms are fully legal in the Bahamas, however psilocybin and psilocin are controlled substances by the United Nations Convention on Narcotic Drugs. |
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==={{Flagu|Bahamas}}=== |
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| {{unknown}} || {{unknown}} || {{unknown}} || {{unknown}} || The Dangerous Drugs Act of 2000 does not list mushrooms or any of the compounds, so it is considered a gray area.<ref name="explore" /> |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Belgium}} |
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| |
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| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{partial|Illegal, but uncontrolled}} || In [[Belgium]], cultivation of mushrooms has been prohibited since the enactment of the Criminal Law of 25 February 1921. Possession and sale of mushrooms have been prohibited since the Royal Decree of 22 January 1998. |
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==={{Flagu|Belgium}}=== |
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| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || In [[Belgium]], cultivation of mushrooms has been prohibited since the enactment of the Criminal Law of 24 February 1921. Possession and sale of mushrooms have been prohibited since the Royal Decree of 22 January 1998. |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Belize}} |
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| |
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| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal, mushroom spores are unenforced when a psychonaut grows or cultivates in their home}} || In Belize, psilocin is listed in the Misuse of Drugs Act and penalty of "5 years, $100,000, or both."<ref name="explore">{{cite web | url=https://explorepsychedelics.com/legality-of-psilocybin/ | title=What is the Legal Status of Psilocybin (Magic) Mushrooms? | publisher=Explore Psychedelics | access-date=8 May 2019 | archive-date=8 May 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508205441/https://explorepsychedelics.com/legality-of-psilocybin/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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==={{Flagu|Belize}}=== |
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| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || In Belize, psilocin is listed in the Misuse of Drugs Act and penalty of "5 years, $100,000, or both."<ref name="explore">{{cite web | url=https://explorepsychedelics.com/legality-of-psilocybin/ | title=What is the Legal Status of Psilocybin (Magic) Mushrooms? | publisher=Explore Psychedelics | accessdate=8 May 2019}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Bolivia}} |
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| |
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==={{Flagu|Bolivia}}=== |
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| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || In Bolivia, psilocybin and psilocin are banned substances.<ref name="explore" /> |
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || In Bolivia, psilocybin and psilocin are banned substances.<ref name="explore" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
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! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Bulgaria}} |
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| |
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| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || In Bulgaria, psilocybin and psilocin are banned substances. They are listed in "List I" which includes all plants and substances with a high degree of risk to public health due to the harmful effect of abuse. They are prohibited for use in humane and veterinary medicine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Държавен вестник |url=https://dv.parliament.bg/DVWeb/showMaterialDV.jsp?idMat=80165 |access-date=5 July 2022 |website=dv.parliament.bg |archive-date=5 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705191328/https://dv.parliament.bg/DVWeb/showMaterialDV.jsp?idMat=80165 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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==={{Flagu|Brazil}}=== |
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| {{yes|Legal}} || {{yes|Legal}} || {{yes|Legal}} || {{yes|Legal}} || Only psilocybin and psilocin are listed illegal, but not the fungal species themselves. The Federal Constitution states that an act must be previously stated as illegal by a law. Therefore, psilocybin mushrooms cannot be considered illegal themselves. There are also no legal jurisprudences available on the topic, neither records of people being arrested specifically for using, growing or possessing psilocybin mushrooms in the country. They are sold mainly over the internet on specialized websites, without facing persecution from Brazilian police.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ciencia/2015/06/1648730-sites-brasileiros-vendem-drogas-legais.shtml|title=Sites brasileiros vendem drogas 'legais' (Brazilian websites sell 'legal' drugs) |language=pt |first=Cláudio|last=Rabin|date=28 June 2015|publisher=|via=www1.folha.uol.com.br}}</ref> |
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|- | |
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| |
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==={{Nowrap|{{Flagu|British Virgin Islands}}}}=== |
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| {{yes|Legal}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{yes|Legal}} || Where mushrooms grow naturally, it is legal to possess and consume psilocybin mushrooms; however, their sale is illegal. Despite this, many businesses openly sell them.<ref name="BVI">{{cite web|url=https://matadornetwork.com/trips/magic-mushrooms-and-dolphin-rides/|title=Magic mushrooms and dolphin rides: Tortola|publisher=}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Brazil}} |
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| |
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| {{yes|Legal}} || {{yes|Legal}} || {{yes|Legal}} || {{yes|Legal}} || Only psilocybin and psilocin are listed illegal, but not the fungal species themselves. The Federal Constitution states that an act must be previously stated as illegal by a law. Therefore, psilocybin mushrooms cannot be considered illegal themselves. There are also no legal jurisprudences available on the topic, neither records of people being arrested specifically for using, growing or possessing psilocybin mushrooms in the country. They are sold mainly over the internet on specialized websites, without facing persecution from Brazilian police.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ciencia/2015/06/1648730-sites-brasileiros-vendem-drogas-legais.shtml|title=Sites brasileiros vendem drogas 'legais' (Brazilian websites sell 'legal' drugs)|language=pt|first=Cláudio|last=Rabin|date=28 June 2015|via=www1.folha.uol.com.br|access-date=25 November 2018|archive-date=26 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126092649/https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ciencia/2015/06/1648730-sites-brasileiros-vendem-drogas-legais.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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==={{Flagu|Bulgaria}}=== |
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| {{Yes|Legal}} || {{Yes|Legal }} || {{Yes|Legal}} || {{Yes|Legal}} || |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|British Virgin Islands}} |
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| |
|||
| {{yes|Legal}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{yes|Legal}} || Where mushrooms grow naturally, it is legal to possess and consume psilocybin mushrooms; however, their sale is illegal. Despite this, many businesses openly sell them.<ref name="BVI">{{Cite web|url=http://matadornetwork.com/trips/magic-mushrooms-and-dolphin-rides/|title=Magic mushrooms and dolphin rides: Tortola|website=Matador Network|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-date=19 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019130218/https://matadornetwork.com/trips/magic-mushrooms-and-dolphin-rides/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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==={{Flagu|Cambodia}}=== |
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| {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || In Cambodia, psilocybin mushrooms are prohibited, but in many parts of the country, especially touristic ones, they are mostly ignored by legal authorities, as it happens with other illegal drugs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.khmertimeskh.com/news/16343/drug-dealers-laughing-at----crackdown---/|title=Drug Dealers Laughing at 'Crackdown' - Khmer Times|website=www.khmertimeskh.com|date=2015-09-29}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Cambodia}} |
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| |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || In Cambodia, psilocybin mushrooms are prohibited, but in many parts of the country, especially touristic ones, they are mostly ignored by legal authorities, as it happens with other illegal drugs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.khmertimeskh.com/news/16343/drug-dealers-laughing-at----crackdown---/|title=Drug Dealers Laughing at 'Crackdown' - Khmer Times|website=khmertimeskh.com|date=29 September 2015|access-date=27 November 2018|archive-date=24 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224183421/https://www.khmertimeskh.com/31969/drug-dealers-laughing-at-crackdown/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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==={{Flagu|Canada}}=== |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{partial|Illegal (Grow kits, spores, and mycelium legal)}} || Mushroom spore kits and grow kits are legal and are sold openly in stores or on the internet as the spores and kits themselves are legal. Psilocybin and psilocin are illegal to possess, obtain or produce without a prescription or license as they are schedule III under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/section-sched95602.html?txthl=psilocybin|title=Consolidated federal laws of canada, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act|first=Legislative Services|last=Branch|date=15 May 2019|website=laws-lois.justice.gc.ca}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Canada}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced), legal medically}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || Mushroom spore kits are legal and are sold openly in stores or on the internet as the spores and kits themselves are legal as they do not contain psilocybin/psilocin. Psilocybin and psilocin are illegal to possess, obtain or produce without an exemption or license as they are schedule III under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/section-sched95602.html?txthl=psilocybin|title=Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act|first=Legislative Services|last=Branch|date=15 May 2019|website=laws-lois.justice.gc.ca|access-date=23 July 2019|archive-date=28 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128113906/https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/section-sched95602.html?txthl=psilocybin|url-status=live}}</ref> Online dispensaries exist that illegally sell microdoses.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lev |first1=Elianna |title=Could magic mushrooms be the next drug legalized in Canada? |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/could-magic-mushrooms-be-the-next-drug-canada-legalizes-171728039.html |publisher=Yahoo Canada News |date=27 July 2019 |access-date=8 July 2021 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709191043/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/could-magic-mushrooms-be-the-next-drug-canada-legalizes-171728039.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In September 2019, a motion to increase enforcement efforts against the sale of magic mushrooms was voted down by Vancouver council.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/vancouver-council-magic-mushrooms-motion-1.5280922|title=Motion to prevent the sale of magic mushrooms defeated by Vancouver council|date=13 September 2019|access-date=10 February 2020|archive-date=7 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007115823/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/vancouver-council-magic-mushrooms-motion-1.5280922|url-status=live}}</ref> Efforts are underway to obtain exemptions for medical and research use under [http://canlii.ca/t/53ljn CDSA Section 56]. In 2020, eleven end-of-life patients, including possibly also a first non-palliative patient, received an exemption to pursue psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy to help ease anxiety and depression.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Kreps|first=Daniel|date=5 August 2020|title=Canada Allows Terminal Patients Use of Magic Mushrooms|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/canada-terminal-patients-magic-mushrooms-psilocybin-therapy-1039899/|access-date=19 August 2020|magazine=Rolling Stone|language=en-US|archive-date=17 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817172659/https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/canada-terminal-patients-magic-mushrooms-psilocybin-therapy-1039899/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Omar|first=Mosleh|date=25 October 2020|title=Mental illness is on the rise due to COVID-19. Could psychedelic drugs be the 'game changer'?|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2020/10/25/mental-illness-is-on-the-rise-due-to-covid-19-could-psychedelic-drugs-be-the-game-changer.html|access-date=3 November 2020|website=Toronto Star|language=en|archive-date=1 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101200303/https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2020/10/25/mental-illness-is-on-the-rise-due-to-covid-19-could-psychedelic-drugs-be-the-game-changer.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 November 2020|title=First Non-Palliative Canadian Granted Access To Psilocybin Therapy|url=https://therapsil.ca/first-non-palliative-canadian-granted-access-to-psilocybin-therapy/|access-date=22 November 2020|website=Therapsil|language=en-US|archive-date=28 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128091212/https://therapsil.ca/first-non-palliative-canadian-granted-access-to-psilocybin-therapy/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jane|first=Mary|date=22 October 2020|title=How Psychedelics may Rebuild Broken Brains|url=https://originmushrooms.com/2020/10/22/how-psychedelic-drugs-rebuild-broken-brains/|website=Origin Mushrooms|access-date=1 May 2021|archive-date=1 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501001318/https://originmushrooms.com/2020/10/22/how-psychedelic-drugs-rebuild-broken-brains/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2020, 16 health professionals received permission from the Ministry of Health to use psilocybin themselves to help develop therapies for future use.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dubinski|first=Kate|date=10 December 2020|title=Some doctors, therapists get Health Canada permission to use magic mushrooms|language=en-US|work=CBC News|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/london/some-doctors-therapists-get-health-canada-permission-to-use-magic-mushrooms-1.5834485|access-date=11 December 2020|archive-date=29 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629203936/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/london/some-doctors-therapists-get-health-canada-permission-to-use-magic-mushrooms-1.5834485|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, exemptions have been granted to use psilocybin therapy as a treatment for mental health conditions.<ref>{{Cite web|last=CBC News|date=14 December 2021|title=More patients granted psilocybin exemption by federal government|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/psilocybin-exemptions-granted-1.6285937|access-date=15 December 2021|website=www.cbc.ca|archive-date=15 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215014723/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/psilocybin-exemptions-granted-1.6285937|url-status=live}}</ref> Canada health regulators announced that the government would allow physicians to request access to psychedelics on behalf of patients with serious or life-threatening medical conditions.<ref>{{Cite web|last=A.J. Herrington|date=7 January 2022|title=Canada Regulators Ease Access to Psychedelic Drugs|url=https://hightimes.com/news/canada-regulators-ease-access-to-psychedelic-drugs/|access-date=10 January 2022|website=High Times|language=en-US|archive-date=10 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110095327/https://hightimes.com/news/canada-regulators-ease-access-to-psychedelic-drugs/|url-status=live}}</ref> This exempted the patients from being prosecuted by law enforcement.<ref>{{Cite web |last=City |first=Sunset |title=Ontario Mushrooms |url=https://www.sunsetcity.ca/ontario-mushrooms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224183420/https://www.sunsetcity.ca/ontario-on-magic-mushroom/ |archive-date=24 February 2024 |access-date= |website=Sunset City |url-status=live }}</ref> On 5 October 2022, the [[Province of Alberta]] announced it would effectively make all psychedelics, including Psilocybin mushrooms, legal and regulated for medicinal use from January 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mertz |first=Emily |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/9179633/alberta-standards-psychedelic-drug-assisted-therapy/ |title=Alberta sets standards for psychedelic drug-assisted therapy |work=Global |location=Edmonton |publisher=Global News |date=5 October 2022 |accessdate=10 October 2022 |archive-date=10 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010043121/https://globalnews.ca/news/9179633/alberta-standards-psychedelic-drug-assisted-therapy/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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==={{Flagu|Chile}}=== |
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| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{partial|Illegal (Grow kits, spores, and mycelium legal)}} || Psilocybin and psilocin are listed as narcotic drugs on Ley Nº 20.000.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=269323 | title=Dto-867 19-Feb-2008 Ministerio del Interior, Subsecretaria del Interior| date=2008-02-19}}</ref> There have been some recent reports of imprisonment for sale and possession of magic mushrooms in Chile,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elciudadano.cl/chile/incautan-hongos-alucinogenos-en-el-sur-de-chile/09/18/|title=Incautan hongos alucinógenos en el sur de Chile|date=18 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/region-de-ohiggins/ingeniero-y-estudiante-universitario-fueron-detenidos-por-vender-hongos/2018-07-13/163338.html|title=Ingeniero y estudiante universitario fueron detenidos por vender hongos alucinógenos|date=13 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/2014/09/17/un-detenido-tras-incautacion-de-300-hongos-alucinogenos-y-droga-sintetica-en-vina-del-mar.shtml|title=Un detenido tras incautación de 300 hongos alucinógenos y droga sintética en Viña del Mar|date=17 September 2014}}</ref> as well as indications that their usage is getting more popular in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.publimetro.cl/cl/nacional/2011/03/10/hongos-lsd-extasis-drogas-alternativas-mas-populares-chile.html|title=Hongos, LSD y Éxtasis: Las drogas alternativas "más populares" en Chile|date=10 March 2011|publisher=}}</ref> However, Psilocybe spores and kits are completely legal and openly sold on specialized Chilean websites.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.naturalmagicspore.cl/nosotros.php | title=Natural Magic Spore | Una nueva experiencia en cultivo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elciudadano.cl/salud/1hongos-magicos-tambien-puedes-cultivarlosjjj/04/18/|title=Hongos mágicos: tambén puedes cultivarlos|date=18 April 2016}}</ref> |
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! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Chile}} |
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| |
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| {{partial|Illegal, but tolerated and decriminalized for small amounts}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal (Grow kits, spores, and mycelium legal)}} || Psilocybin and psilocin are listed as narcotic drugs on Ley Nº 20.000.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=269323| title=Dto-867 19-Feb-2008 Ministerio del Interior, Subsecretaria del Interior| date=19 February 2008| access-date=27 November 2018| archive-date=27 November 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127110221/https://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=269323| url-status=live}}</ref> There have been some recent reports of imprisonment for sale and possession of magic mushrooms in Chile,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elciudadano.cl/chile/incautan-hongos-alucinogenos-en-el-sur-de-chile/09/18/|title=Incautan hongos alucinógenos en el sur de Chile|date=18 September 2016|access-date=27 November 2018|archive-date=27 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127110301/https://www.elciudadano.cl/chile/incautan-hongos-alucinogenos-en-el-sur-de-chile/09/18/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/region-de-ohiggins/ingeniero-y-estudiante-universitario-fueron-detenidos-por-vender-hongos/2018-07-13/163338.html|title=Ingeniero y estudiante universitario fueron detenidos por vender hongos alucinógenos|date=13 July 2018|access-date=27 November 2018|archive-date=27 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127064746/https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/region-de-ohiggins/ingeniero-y-estudiante-universitario-fueron-detenidos-por-vender-hongos/2018-07-13/163338.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/2014/09/17/un-detenido-tras-incautacion-de-300-hongos-alucinogenos-y-droga-sintetica-en-vina-del-mar.shtml|title=Un detenido tras incautación de 300 hongos alucinógenos y droga sintética en Viña del Mar|date=17 September 2014|access-date=27 November 2018|archive-date=27 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127064814/https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/2014/09/17/un-detenido-tras-incautacion-de-300-hongos-alucinogenos-y-droga-sintetica-en-vina-del-mar.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> as well as indications that their usage is getting more popular in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.publimetro.cl/cl/nacional/2011/03/10/hongos-lsd-extasis-drogas-alternativas-mas-populares-chile.html|title=Hongos, LSD y Éxtasis: Las drogas alternativas "más populares" en Chile|date=10 March 2011|access-date=27 November 2018|archive-date=27 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127064819/https://www.publimetro.cl/cl/nacional/2011/03/10/hongos-lsd-extasis-drogas-alternativas-mas-populares-chile.html|url-status=live}}</ref> However, Psilocybe spores and kits are completely legal and openly sold on specialized Chilean websites.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.naturalmagicspore.cl/nosotros.php | title=Natural Magic Spore | Una nueva experiencia en cultivo | access-date=27 November 2018 | archive-date=28 November 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128151230/http://www.naturalmagicspore.cl/nosotros.php | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elciudadano.cl/salud/1hongos-magicos-tambien-puedes-cultivarlosjjj/04/18/|title=Hongos mágicos: tambén puedes cultivarlos|date=18 April 2016|access-date=27 November 2018|archive-date=27 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127110222/https://www.elciudadano.cl/salud/1hongos-magicos-tambien-puedes-cultivarlosjjj/04/18/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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==={{Flagu|Croatia}}=== |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal (Decriminalized)}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || From 2013, the possession of small amount of light drugs is a misdemeanor which leads to a fine of 5000–20000[[Croatian kuna|kn]] ($800–3500) depending on the case in question. |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Croatia}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal (decriminalized)}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || From 2013, the possession of a small amount of light drugs is a misdemeanor, which can lead to a fine of 5,000–20,000[[Croatian kuna|kn]] ($800–3,500) depending on the case in question. |
|||
==={{Flagu|Cyprus}}=== |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal (Decriminalized)}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || Magic mushrooms are very rare in Cyprus. Although possession and consumption are both illegal, an individual who was found to have ordered psilocybin mushrooms over the internet was fined 1500 Euros and was not given time in prison. |
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|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Cyprus}} |
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| |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal (decriminalized)}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{partial|Illegal not enforced (decriminalized)}} || Magic mushrooms are very rare in Cyprus. Although possession and consumption are both illegal, an individual who was found to have ordered psilocybin mushrooms over the internet was fined 1500 Euros and was not given time in prison. |
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==={{Flagu|Czech Republic}}=== |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal (Decriminalized)}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{partial|Illegal (Decriminalized)}} || Possession of drugs for personal use and cultivation of plants and mushrooms containing a narcotic or psychotropic substance “in a small quantity” are excluded from criminal prosecution. These violations of law are punished by administrative law as a misdemeanour (Act No. 200/1990 Coll., Act of Violations).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vlada.cz/en/ppov/protidrogova-politika/government-council-for-drug-policy-coordination-72748/ |title= The basic legal framework of Czech drug laws - Government of the Czech Republic |website=www.vlada.cz}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Czech Republic}} |
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| |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal (decriminalized)}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{partial|Illegal (decriminalized)}} || Possession of drugs for personal use and cultivation of plants and mushrooms containing a narcotic or psychotropic substance "in a small quantity" are excluded from criminal prosecution. These violations of law are punished by administrative law as a misdemeanour (Act No. 200/1990 Coll., Act of Violations).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vlada.cz/en/ppov/protidrogova-politika/government-council-for-drug-policy-coordination-72748/ |title=The basic legal framework of Czech drug laws - Government of the Czech Republic |website=vlada.cz |access-date=6 April 2018 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407053555/https://www.vlada.cz/en/ppov/protidrogova-politika/government-council-for-drug-policy-coordination-72748/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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==={{Flagu|Denmark}}=== |
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|- |
|||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Denmark}} |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || The sale and possession of psilocybin have long been illegal; however the growing/collecting, processing, sale, and possession of psilocybin mushrooms was legal until 1 July 2001, when the [[Ministry of Health (Denmark)|Danish Ministry of Health]] prohibited them. |
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || The sale and possession of psilocybin have long been illegal; however the growing/collecting, processing, sale, and possession of psilocybin mushrooms was legal until 1 July 2001, when the [[Ministry of Health (Denmark)|Danish Ministry of Health]] prohibited them. |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Estonia}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || Both psilocybin and mushrooms are explicitly banned in Estonia according to Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act.<ref name="ELDD">{{cite web |title=Legal status of hallucinogenic mushrooms |url=http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index17341EN.html |website=European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction |access-date=26 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508205459/http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index17341EN.html |archive-date=8 May 2019 |date=30 April 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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==={{Flagu|Estonia}}=== |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || Both psilocybin and mushrooms are explicitly banned in Estonia according to Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act.<ref name="ELDD">[http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index17341EN.html Legal status of hallucinogenic mushrooms]. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA).</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Finland}} |
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| |
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==={{Flagu|Finland}}=== |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || As of 1 September 2008, the new 1st section of the 50th chapter of the [[penal code]] specially prohibits (attempt of) growing Psilocybe mushrooms. |
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || As of 1 September 2008, the new 1st section of the 50th chapter of the [[penal code]] specially prohibits (attempt of) growing Psilocybe mushrooms. |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|France}} |
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| |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal, but spores are always legal}} || In France, psilocybin mushrooms have been listed as a narcotic since 1 June 1966; thus, possession, use, transportation and collection are subject to criminal sanctions. |
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==={{Flagu|France}}=== |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || In France, psilocybin mushrooms have been listed as a narcotic since 1 June 1966; thus, possession, use, transportation and collection are subject to criminal sanctions. |
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|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Germany}} |
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| |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal, but spores are legal for microscopy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zauberpilz.com/recht.php#germany|title=Rechtliche Situation in verschiedenen Ländern|website=www.zauberpilz.com|access-date=16 December 2020|archive-date=19 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219015411/http://www.zauberpilz.com/recht.php#germany|url-status=live}}</ref>}} || Illegal if for the purpose of intoxication.<ref name="ELDD" /> |
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==={{Flagu|Germany}}=== |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || Illegal if for the purpose of intoxication.<ref name="ELDD" /> |
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|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Greece}} |
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| |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal unless treated as psilocin}} || {{partial|Illegal unless treated as psilocin}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{partial|Legal for private human consumption but not for sale, can be treated as psilocin as psilocybin could be legal or lawful}} || Cultivation is prohibited. For sale and possession, hallucinogenic mushrooms may be treated as psilocin. |
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==={{Flagu|Greece}}=== |
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| {{partial|Illegal unless treated as psylocin}} || {{partial|Illegal unless treated as psylocin}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || Cultivation is prohibited. For sale and possession, hallucinogenic mushrooms may be treated as psylocin. |
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|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Hong Kong SAR}} |
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| |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || Cultivation is prohibited, and sale and possession is illegal. |
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==={{Flagu|Hong Kong}}=== |
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| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || Cultivation is prohibited, sale and possession illegal |
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|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Hungary}} |
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| |
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==={{Flagu|Hungary}}=== |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || In Hungary, mushrooms are specifically illegal under Art. 282 of the Penal Code, as they are treated as psilocin.<ref name="ELDD" /> |
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || In Hungary, mushrooms are specifically illegal under Art. 282 of the Penal Code, as they are treated as psilocin.<ref name="ELDD" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Iceland}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || According to article 6 of the Illegal substance act, Psilocybin, DMT, Mescaline, LSD and Cannabis among other psychedelics are completely illegal in Iceland regardless of purpose.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.althingi.is/lagas/nuna/1974065.html|title=Lög um ávana- og fíkniefni (Illegal substance act)|website=althingi.is|access-date=23 March 2021|archive-date=18 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418134227/https://www.althingi.is/lagas/nuna/1974065.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |
|||
==={{Flagu|Iceland}}=== |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal (in dried form)}} || {{partial|Illegal (in dried form)}} || {{partial|Illegal (in dried form)}} || {{partial|Illegal (in dried form)}} || According to a police statement, growing or picking mushrooms in fresh form is not exactly illegal, but making them into dried form is, since psilocybin is categorized as an illegal substance in Iceland.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://icelandreview.com/news/2010/09/03/psilocybin-mushrooms-harvested-iceland|title=Psilocybin Mushrooms Harvested in Iceland - Iceland Review|website=icelandreview.com}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|India}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || Psilocybin mushrooms are officially illegal in India, but their prohibition is poorly enforced due to a lack of awareness among authorities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report-magic-mushroom-creates-confusion-among-police-1636143|title='Magic Mushroom' creates confusion among police|date=11 January 2012|access-date=12 October 2017|archive-date=12 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012100234/http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report-magic-mushroom-creates-confusion-among-police-1636143|url-status=live}}</ref> While there have been arrests on record, they are infrequent, and many areas in India are considered unofficial "psychedelic tourism" destinations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kolkata: NCB busts 'magic mushrooms' racket; restaurant owner, two others arrested |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/kolkata-ncb-busts-magic-mushrooms-racket-restaurant-owner-two-others-arrested-5086154/ |website=Indian Express |date=5 March 2018 |access-date=6 February 2022 |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206012326/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/kolkata-ncb-busts-magic-mushrooms-racket-restaurant-owner-two-others-arrested-5086154/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=KC |first1=Junaid |title=DRUG TOURISM IN INDIA: TRENDS AND CHALLENGES |journal=International Journal of Technical Research & Science |url=https://ijtrs.com/uploaded_paper/DRUG%20TOURISM%20IN%20INDIA%20TRENDS%20AND%20CHALLENGES%20.pdf |access-date=6 February 2022 |archive-date=12 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412002947/https://ijtrs.com/uploaded_paper/DRUG%20TOURISM%20IN%20INDIA%20TRENDS%20AND%20CHALLENGES%20.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> |
|||
==={{Flagu|India}}=== |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || Psilocybin mushrooms are officially illegal but the police is largely unaware of their prohibition and are poorly enforced in India<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report-magic-mushroom-creates-confusion-among-police-1636143|title='Magic Mushroom' creates confusion among police - Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|date=11 January 2012|publisher=}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Indonesia}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || Psilocybin mushrooms are illegal, classified as illegal drug type 1 with capital punishment. But currently law enforcements have been done more frequently<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.balipost.com/news/2017/10/26/26058/Magic-Mushroom-Marak-di-Kuta,...html|title=Magic Mushroom Marak di Kuta, Polisi Targetkan Sapu Bersih|website=balipost.com|date=26 October 2017|access-date=15 December 2017|archive-date=15 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215221447/http://www.balipost.com/news/2017/10/26/26058/Magic-Mushroom-Marak-di-Kuta,...html|url-status=live}}</ref> Psilocybin mushrooms are advertised openly by cafes in [[Bali]]<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=MAGIC MUSHROOMS IN INDONESIA {{!}} Gili Trawangan & Gili Air [2019] |url=https://www.jonesaroundtheworld.com/magic-mushrooms-in-indonesia/ |website=Jones Around The World |date=1 June 2019 |access-date=30 April 2021 |archive-date=30 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430204511/https://www.jonesaroundtheworld.com/magic-mushrooms-in-indonesia/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/this-must-be-the-place/floating-over-bali-on-a-little-fluffy-mushroom-cloud-b7344a22cd30|title=Floating over Bali on a Little Fluffy Mushroom Cloud|first=Jeremy|last=Helligar|date=6 September 2020|website=Medium|access-date=30 April 2021|archive-date=30 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430204511/https://medium.com/this-must-be-the-place/floating-over-bali-on-a-little-fluffy-mushroom-cloud-b7344a22cd30|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Gili Islands]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ummigoeswhere.com/beginners-guide-magic-mushrooms-gili-trawangan/|title=A Beginner's Guide to Magic Mushrooms in Gili Trawangan|date=22 June 2020|access-date=30 April 2021|archive-date=30 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430211519/https://ummigoeswhere.com/beginners-guide-magic-mushrooms-gili-trawangan/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto"/> |
|||
==={{Flagu|Indonesia}}=== |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || Psilocybin mushrooms are illegal, classified as illegal drug type 1 with capital punishment. It is secretly sold in Bali under the name ''Good Snack''<ref name="Indo">{{cite web|url=http://www.mushmagic.com/blog-bali-magic-mushrooms-tripping-in-the-tropics-n23|title=Bali & Magic Mushrooms: Tripping In The Tropics|website=www.mushmagic.com}}</ref> But currently law enforcements have been done more frequently<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.balipost.com/news/2017/10/26/26058/Magic-Mushroom-Marak-di-Kuta,...html|title=Magic Mushroom Marak di Kuta, Polisi Targetkan Sapu Bersih|website=www.balipost.com|date=2017-10-26}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Ireland}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || Until 31 January 2006, unprepared psilocybin mushrooms were legal in Republic of Ireland. On that date they were made illegal by a ministerial order [https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2006/si/53/made/en/print]. This decision was partly based on the death of Dubliner Colm Hodkinson, age 33, who jumped to his death from a balcony on 30 October 2005, after consuming legally purchased psilocybin mushrooms along with alcohol and marijuana.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-20007042.html|title=Man jumped to death after taking magic mushrooms|newspaper=Irish Examiner|date=28 June 2006|access-date=17 May 2022|archive-date=17 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517113058/https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-20007042.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/harney-bans-sale-or-possession-of-magic-mushrooms-1.1009089|title=Harney bans sale or possession of magic mushrooms|newspaper=Irish Times|date=1 February 2006|access-date=17 May 2022|archive-date=7 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107000057/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/harney-bans-sale-or-possession-of-magic-mushrooms-1.1009089|url-status=live}}</ref> |
|||
==={{Flagu|Ireland}}=== |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || Until 31 January 2006, unprepared psilocybin mushrooms were legal in Republic of Ireland. On that date they were made illegal by a ministerial order. This decision was partly based on the death of Dubliner Colm Hodkinson, age 33, who fell to his death on 30 October 2005, after suffering a psychotic reaction some 15 minutes after consuming 3 legally purchased psilocybin mushrooms |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Israel}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal (Illegal for personal consumption)}} || {{no|Illegal (Illegal for personal consumption)}} || {{no|Illegal (Illegal for personal consumption)}} || {{partial|Illegal (Illegal for personal consumption)}} || According to Israeli drug laws, psilocybin and psilocin are illegal, but psilocybin-containing mushrooms are legal for possession, cultivation and sale as long as they are not used for the purpose of personal use.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.xn--4dbcyzi5a.com/en/2013/02/My-first-trip-psilocybin/|title=My first psilocybin trip|work=Cannabis magazine|date=23 February 2013|access-date=27 November 2018|archive-date=27 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127064908/https://www.xn--4dbcyzi5a.com/en/2013/02/My-first-trip-psilocybin/|url-status=live}}</ref> There have been records of people being arrested for growing and selling large quantities of magic mushrooms for recreational purposes in the country.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/police-find-magic-mushroom-lab-in-teacher-s-house-1.5374578|title=Israel Police Find 'Magic Mushroom' Lab in Chemistry Teacher's House|newspaper=Haaretz|date=29 June 2015|access-date=27 November 2018|archive-date=27 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127064841/https://www.haaretz.com/police-find-magic-mushroom-lab-in-teacher-s-house-1.5374578|url-status=live}}</ref> |
|||
==={{Flagu|Israel}}=== |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal (Illegal for personal consumption)}} || {{partial|Illegal (Illegal for personal consumption)}} || {{partial|Illegal (Illegal for personal consumption)}} || {{partial|Illegal (Illegal for personal consumption)}} || According to Israeli drug laws, psilocybin and psilocin are illegal, but psilocybin-containing mushrooms are legal for possession, cultivation and sale as long as they are not used for the purpose of personal use.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.xn--4dbcyzi5a.com/en/2013/02/My-first-trip-psilocybin/|title=My first psilocybin trip|publisher=Cannabis magazine|date=2013-02-23}}</ref> There have been records of people being arrested for growing and selling large quantities of magic mushrooms for recreational purposes in the country.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/police-find-magic-mushroom-lab-in-teacher-s-house-1.5374578|title=Israel Police Find 'Magic Mushroom' Lab in Chemistry Teacher's House - Haaretz|newspaper=Haaretz|date=2015-06-29}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Italy}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal (decriminalized)}} || {{partial|Illegal (decriminalized)}} || {{partial|Illegal (decriminalized)}} || {{partial|Illegal (decriminalized)}} || Spores are legal to buy, sell and possess. Grow kits are illegal. |
|||
==={{Flagu|Italy}}=== |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal (Decriminalized)}} || {{partial|Illegal (Decriminalized)}} || {{partial|Illegal (Decriminalized)}} || {{partial|Illegal (Decriminalized)}} || Grow kits and spores are legal to buy, sell and possess |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Jamaica}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{yes|Legal for consumption but not for sale}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{yes|Legal}} || {{yes|Legal for private use}} || Psilocybin mushrooms have never been made illegal and are openly sold.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.therooster.com/blog/eat-magic-mushroom-these-all-inclusive-trips|title=Inside the growing world of all-inclusive magic mushroom retreats|publisher=therooster|access-date=29 September 2017|date=1 August 2017|archive-date=30 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930084006/http://www.therooster.com/blog/eat-magic-mushroom-these-all-inclusive-trips|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jamaican company ''Rose Hill'' touts itself as largest cultivator of magic mushrooms.<ref>{{cite web |title=How a Legal Loophole Made Jamaica a Magic Mushroom Paradise |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/5d9dy3/jamaica-magic-mushrooms-legal-loophole |website=[[Vice News]] |access-date=25 December 2023 |date=30 June 2023 |archive-date=21 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221232447/https://www.vice.com/en/article/5d9dy3/jamaica-magic-mushrooms-legal-loophole |url-status=live }}</ref> |
|||
==={{Flagu|Jamaica}}=== |
|||
| {{yes|Legal}} || {{yes|Legal}} || {{yes|Legal}} || {{yes|Legal}} || Psilocybin mushrooms have never been made illegal and are openly sold.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.therooster.com/blog/eat-magic-mushroom-these-all-inclusive-trips|title=Inside the growing world of all-inclusive magic mushroom retreats|publisher=therooster|accessdate=29 September 2017 | date=1 August 2017}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Japan}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal (Spores are legal)}} || Prior to 2002, psilocybin mushrooms were widely available in Japan and were often sold in mail-order shops, online vendors and in [[head shop]]s throughout Japan; according to Hideo Eno of Japan's Health Ministry narcotics division, prior to 2002, "You can find them [psilocybin mushrooms] anywhere."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1984498.stm|title=Japan culls magic from mushrooms|publisher=BBC|access-date=5 April 2007|date=13 May 2002|archive-date=11 April 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411183923/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1984498.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> In June 2002, Japan Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry added psilocybin mushrooms to Schedule Narcotics of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drug Control Law, possibly in preparation for the [[Football World Cup|World Cup]], and in response to a widely reported case of mushroom poisoning. Use, production, trafficking, growing or possession of psilocybin mushrooms is now illegal in Japan. Metropolitan Police Officer says that spores are legal where it does not contain psilocybin.<ref>{{cite web |title=衝撃事件の核心 大麻に飽きたらず |url=http://sankei.jp.msn.com:80/affairs/crime/090425/crm0904251300015-n5.htm |language=ja |date=25 April 2009 |publisher=MSN Sankei |access-date=5 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090428130753/http://sankei.jp.msn.com/affairs/crime/090425/crm0904251300015-n5.htm |archive-date=28 April 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |
|||
==={{Flagu|Japan}}=== |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{partial|Illegal (Spores are legal)}} || Prior to 2002, psilocybin mushrooms were widely available in Japan and were often sold in mail-order shops, online vendors and in [[head shop]]s throughout Japan; according to Hideo Eno of Japan's Health Ministry narcotics division, prior to 2002, "You can find them [psilocybin mushrooms] anywhere."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1984498.stm|title=Japan culls magic from mushrooms|publisher=BBC|accessdate=5 April 2007 | date=13 May 2002}}</ref> In June 2002, Japan Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry added psilocybin mushrooms to Schedule Narcotics of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drug Control Law, possibly in preparation for the [[Football World Cup|World Cup]], and in response to a widely reported case of mushroom poisoning. Use, production, trafficking, growing or possession of psilocybin mushrooms is now illegal in Japan. Metropolitan Police Officer says that spores are legal where it does not contain psilocybin.<ref>{{cite web |title=衝撃事件の核心 大麻に飽きたらず |url=http://sankei.jp.msn.com:80/affairs/crime/090425/crm0904251300015-n5.htm |language=japanese |date=2009-04-25 |publisher=MSN Sankei |accessdate=2017-12-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090428130753/http://sankei.jp.msn.com/affairs/crime/090425/crm0904251300015-n5.htm |archivedate=28 April 2009 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Laos}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || Psilocybin mushrooms are illegal, but openly sold in businesses, specifically in Vang Vieng.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-advice/travellers-stories/where-is-asias-deadly-drug-paradise-now/news-story/0633135c08aa1da257a2ca4083d8cf40 |title=Where is Asia's deadly drug paradise now? |publisher=news.com.au |date=2 June 2017 |access-date=9 September 2017 |archive-date=9 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909054957/http://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-advice/travellers-stories/where-is-asias-deadly-drug-paradise-now/news-story/0633135c08aa1da257a2ca4083d8cf40 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
|||
==={{Flagu|Laos}}=== |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || Psilocybin mushrooms are illegal but openly sold in businesses, specifically in Vang Vieng.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-advice/travellers-stories/where-is-asias-deadly-drug-paradise-now/news-story/0633135c08aa1da257a2ca4083d8cf40 |title=Where is Asia's deadly drug paradise now? |publisher=news.com.au |date=2 June 2017 |accessdate=9 September 2017 }}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Latvia}} |
|||
| |
|||
==={{Flagu|Latvia}}=== |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || Growing Psilocybin mushrooms is illegal in Latvia under S. 256 of the Penal Code, in case of a repeated offence. Both possession and sale of them are considered as a narcotic substance.<ref name="ELDD" /> |
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || Growing Psilocybin mushrooms is illegal in Latvia under S. 256 of the Penal Code, in case of a repeated offence. Both possession and sale of them are considered as a narcotic substance.<ref name="ELDD" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Lithuania}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || In Lithuania, growing is prohibited under Art. 265 of the Penal Code, possession and sale are illegal under Administrative and Penal codes.<ref name="ELDD" /> |
|||
==={{Flagu|Lithuania}}=== |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || In Lithuania, growing is prohibited under Art. 265 of the Penal Code, possession and sale illegal under Administrative and Penal codes.<ref name="ELDD" /> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Luxembourg}} |
|||
| |
|||
==={{Flagu|Luxembourg}}=== |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || In Luxembourg, mushrooms are considered sources of psilocybin and psilocin and hence subject to legal persecution.<ref name="ELDD" /> |
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || In Luxembourg, mushrooms are considered sources of psilocybin and psilocin and hence subject to legal persecution.<ref name="ELDD" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Mexico}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal (unenforced if in native culture)}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{partial|Illegal (Grow kits, spores, and mycelium legal, unenforced when is grown in the nature and in the outdoor in the wild.)}} || Psilocin and psilocybin are prohibited under the Ley General de Salud of 1984, which also specifically mentions psilocybin-containing fungi as being covered by the law, and mentions ''[[Psilocybe mexicana]]'' and ''Psilocybe cubensis'' in particular.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cdi.gob.mx/derechos/vigencia/ley_general_salud.pdf |title=LEY GENERAL DE SALUD |date=26 September 2007 |access-date=7 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234255/http://cdi.gob.mx/derechos/vigencia/ley_general_salud.pdf |archive-date=26 September 2007 }}</ref> However, these laws are rarely, if ever, enforced against [[indigenous peoples of the Americas|indigenous]] users of psychoactive fungi. The Mexican government has also specifically taken the position that wild occurrence of ''Psilocybe'' does not constitute drug production. Mushroom spores and grow kits in Mexico are legal and are sold openly on the Internet.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unodc.org/unodc/bulletin/bulletin_1970-01-01_3_page002.html |title=The Protocol on Psychotropic Substances |publisher=UN Office of Drugs and Crime |year= 2003|access-date=27 September 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114230326/http://www.unodc.org/unodc/bulletin/bulletin_1970-01-01_3_page002.html |archive-date=14 November 2007 }}</ref> Various political parties proposed to reclassify psilocybin mushrooms, enabling scientific research.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jiménez|first=Horacio|date=7 March 2021|title=Plantean despenalización de los hongos alucinógenos|url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/plantean-despenalizacion-de-los-hongos-alucinogenos|access-date=13 March 2021|website=El Universal|language=es|archive-date=7 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307222627/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/plantean-despenalizacion-de-los-hongos-alucinogenos|url-status=live}}</ref> |
|||
==={{Flagu|Mexico}}=== |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal (Unenforced if in native culture)}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{partial|Illegal (Legal if grown in wild)}} || Psilocin and psilocybin are prohibited under the Ley General de Salud of 1984, which also specifically mentions psilocybin-containing fungi as being covered by the law, and mentions ''[[Psilocybe mexicana]]'' and ''Psilocybe cubensis'' in particular.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cdi.gob.mx/derechos/vigencia/ley_general_salud.pdf |title=Internet Archive Wayback Machine |date=26 September 2007 |accessdate=7 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234255/http://cdi.gob.mx/derechos/vigencia/ley_general_salud.pdf |archivedate=26 September 2007 }}</ref> However, these laws are rarely, if ever, enforced against [[indigenous peoples of the Americas|indigenous]] users of psychoactive fungi. The Mexican government has also specifically taken the position that wild occurrence of ''Psilocybe'' does not constitute drug production.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unodc.org/unodc/bulletin/bulletin_1970-01-01_3_page002.html |title=The Protocol on Psychotropic Substances |publisher=UN Office of Drugs and Crime |date= 2003|accessdate=27 September 2017 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114230326/http://www.unodc.org/unodc/bulletin/bulletin_1970-01-01_3_page002.html |archivedate=14 November 2007 }}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Republic of Moldova}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || Psilocin/psilotsin and Psilocibin are present in the official list of prohibited substances.<ref>{{Cite web|title=HG620/2006|url=https://www.legis.md/cautare/getResults?doc_id=103676&lang=ro|access-date=15 April 2021|website=legis.md|archive-date=3 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403194451/https://www.legis.md/cautare/getResults?doc_id=103676&lang=ro|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=CP985/2002|url=https://www.legis.md/cautare/getResults?doc_id=109495&lang=ro|access-date=21 September 2020|website=legis.md|archive-date=3 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103042106/https://www.legis.md/cautare/getResults?doc_id=109495&lang=ro|url-status=live}}</ref> |
|||
==={{Flagu|Nepal}}=== |
|||
| {{no|legal}} || {{no|legal}} || {{no|legal}} || {{no|legal}} ||<ref>[http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/documents/2015/08/drugs-category-rules-20431986.pdf ]{{dead link|date=September 2019}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Nepal}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{yes|Legal}} || {{yes|Legal}} || {{yes|Legal}} || {{yes|Legal}} || Magic Mushrooms are uncontrolled substances in the Everest Mountain country<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/documents/2015/08/drugs-category-rules-20431986.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=21 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521191735/http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/documents/2015/08/drugs-category-rules-20431986.pdf |archive-date=21 May 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
|||
==={{Flagu|Netherlands}}=== |
|||
| {{yes|Legal as truffle}} || {{yes|Legal as truffle}} || {{yes|Legal as truffle}} || {{yes|Legal as truffles (Active cultures of mycellium and spores legal)}} || Since December 2008 possession of both dry and fresh psychoactive mushrooms has been forbidden by law. The [[Openbaar Ministerie]] – the Dutch prosecutor’s office – stated that prosecution shall be started on possession of 0.5g dried or 5g fresh psychoactive mushrooms. Possession of these minor amounts is allowed and won’t lead to a criminal charge.<ref name="dutchProsecution">Openbaar Ministerie (12-01-2008). [http://www.om.nl/actueel/nieuws-_en/@149236/paddoverbod_van/ Paddoverbod van kracht] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120905192042/http://www.om.nl/actueel/nieuws-_en/@149236/paddoverbod_van/ |date=5 September 2012 }}. Retrieved 2 December 2008.</ref> Before December 2008, unprocessed psychoactive mushrooms were legal to possess, they were not covered under the opium law, therefore making them legal to possess, consume and sell, and could be obtained in "[[smart shop]]s" which specialize in [[Ethnobotany|ethnobotanicals]]. Although a legal loophole not outlawing psychoactive mushroom species as truffles has led to the widespread sale of these "Magic Truffles" in smart shops across the nation. |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Netherlands}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{yes|Legal as truffle}} || {{yes|Legal as truffle}} || {{yes|Legal as truffle}} || {{yes|Legal as truffles (Active cultures of mycelium and spores legal)}} || Since December 2008, possession of both dry and fresh psychoactive mushrooms has been forbidden by law. The [[Openbaar Ministerie]] – the Dutch prosecutor's office – stated that prosecution shall be started on possession of 0.5g dried or 5g fresh psychoactive mushrooms. Possession of these minor amounts is allowed and will not lead to a criminal charge.<ref name="dutchProsecution">Openbaar Ministerie (12 January 2008). [http://www.om.nl/actueel/nieuws-_en/@149236/paddoverbod_van/ Paddoverbod van kracht] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120905192042/http://www.om.nl/actueel/nieuws-_en/@149236/paddoverbod_van/ |date=5 September 2012 }}. Retrieved 2 December 2008.</ref> Before December 2008, unprocessed psychoactive mushrooms were not covered under the opium law, making them legal to possess, consume and sell, and could be bought in "[[smart shop]]s" which specialize in [[Ethnobotany|ethnobotanicals]]. Although a legal loophole not outlawing psychoactive mushroom species as truffles has led to the widespread sale of these "Magic Truffles" in smart shops across the nation. Since September 2019, magic truffles are fully taxed and legalized.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Btw-tarief voedingsmiddelen |url=https://www.belastingdienst.nl/wps/wcm/connect/bldcontentnl/belastingdienst/zakelijk/btw/tarieven_en_vrijstellingen/goederen_9_btw/voedingsmiddelen/voedingsmiddelen |access-date=20 July 2020 |website=belastingdienst.nl |language=nl |archive-date=19 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919082637/https://www.belastingdienst.nl/wps/wcm/connect/bldcontentnl/belastingdienst/zakelijk/btw/tarieven_en_vrijstellingen/goederen_9_btw/voedingsmiddelen/voedingsmiddelen |url-status=live }}</ref> |
|||
==={{Flagu|New Zealand}}=== |
|||
|- |
|||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|New Zealand}} |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || In New Zealand, psilocybin and psilocine are class A drugs, putting them in the highest class of illicit compounds along with heroin and LSD. The 'Misuse of drugs act 1975' lists 'Conocybe, Panaeolus, or Psilocybe' species specifically.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1975/0116/latest/DLM436106.html?search=sw_096be8ed8182780f_Fungus_25_se&p=1&sr=0 |title=Interpretation of the 'Misuse of drugs act 1975' on |publisher=Legislation.govt.nz |accessdate=15 June 2019}}</ref> |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || In New Zealand, psilocybin and psilocine are class A drugs, putting them in the highest class of illicit compounds along with heroin and LSD. The 'Misuse of drugs act 1975' lists 'Conocybe, Panaeolus, or Psilocybe' species specifically.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1975/0116/latest/DLM436106.html?search=sw_096be8ed8182780f_Fungus_25_se&p=1&sr=0 |title=Interpretation of the 'Misuse of drugs act 1975' on |publisher=Legislation.govt.nz |access-date=15 June 2019 |archive-date=17 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517104536/https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1975/0116/latest/DLM436106.html?search=sw_096be8ed8182780f_Fungus_25_se&p=1&sr=0 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Norway}} |
|||
| |
|||
==={{Flagu|Norway}}=== |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || In Norway, magic mushrooms are specifically outlawed according to explicit regulation regarding narcotics.<ref name="ELDD" /> |
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || In Norway, magic mushrooms are specifically outlawed according to explicit regulation regarding narcotics.<ref name="ELDD" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Philippines}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{partial|legal (ambiguous)}} || {{partial|Illegal (ambiguous)}} || {{partial|Illegal (ambiguous)}} || {{partial|legal (ambiguous)}} || The legal status of the Psilocybin mushrooms as a drug came into light when high school students were reportedly hospitalized after consuming the mushrooms for their psychedelic property in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mateo |first1=Janvic |title=High School students using 'shrooms' as narcotics – DepEd chief |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/11/17/1969448/high-school-students-using-shrooms-narcotics-deped-chief |access-date=13 November 2020 |work=The Philippine Star |date=17 November 2019 |archive-date=19 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119122434/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/11/17/1969448/high-school-students-using-shrooms-narcotics-deped-chief |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Win alarmed over student use of 'magic mushrooms' |url=https://manilastandard.net/mobile/article/311492 |access-date=13 November 2020 |work=Manila Standard |date=1 December 2020 |language=en |archive-date=17 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517104852/https://manilastandard.net/mobile/article/311492 |url-status=live }}</ref> Psilocybin mushrooms themselves are not in the "list of drugs included in schedule" under the [[Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002]] and therefore the [[Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency]] (PDEA) can't arrest the students and only issue an advisory against the use of the mushrooms at best.<ref>{{cite news |title=Wild mushrooms replacing shabu? |url=https://dailyguardian.com.ph/wild-mushrooms-replacing-shabu/ |access-date=13 November 2020 |work=Daily Guardian |date=18 November 2019 |archive-date=13 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113191159/https://dailyguardian.com.ph/wild-mushrooms-replacing-shabu/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Philippines is a signatory of the United Nations Convention on Narcotic Drugs which lists psilocybin as a Schedule I substance.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mushrooms as substitute to drugs?, Gatchalian airs warning |url=https://mb.com.ph/2019/12/01/mushrooms-as-substitute-to-drugs-gatchalian-airs-warning/ |access-date=13 November 2020 |work=Manila Bulletin |date=1 December 2019 |archive-date=17 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517105010/https://mb.com.ph/2019/12/01/mushrooms-as-substitute-to-drugs-gatchalian-airs-warning/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |
|||
==={{Flagu|Poland}}=== |
|||
However, the PDEA has conducted arrests of illegal drug peddlers who also sold psilocybin mushrooms alongside other illegal substances in the past.<ref>{{cite news |title=Three drug peddlers arrested in Cavite |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2013/06/30/news/regions/three-drug-peddlers-arrested-in-cavite/14436/ |access-date=13 November 2020 |work=The Manila Times |date=30 June 2013 |archive-date=17 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517104926/https://www.manilatimes.net/2013/06/30/news/regions/three-drug-peddlers-arrested-in-cavite/14436/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Cagayan de Oro mayor's son arrested in Pampanga drug raid |url=https://cnnphilippines.com/regional/2019/7/3/Cagayan-de-Oro-mayor-son-arrested-Pampanga-drug-raid.html |access-date=13 November 2020 |publisher=CNN |date=3 July 2020 |language=en |archive-date=17 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517104707/https://cnnphilippines.com/regional/2019/7/3/Cagayan-de-Oro-mayor-son-arrested-Pampanga-drug-raid.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} (When containing psilocybin/psilocin)|| {{no|Illegal}} (When containing psilocybin/psilocin)|| {{no|Illegal}} (When containing psilocybin/psilocin)|| {{partial|Illegal (Grow kits, spores, and mycelium legal)}} || Psilocybin and psilocin are listed illegal, but not the fungal species themselves. Mushroom spore kits and grow kits are legal and are sold openly in stores or on the internet as the spores and kits themselves are legal. <ref>{{cite web|title=Ustawa z dnia 29 lipca 2005 r. o przeciwdziałaniu narkomanii|url=http://prawo.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20051791485|website=Internetowy System Aktów Prawnych|publisher=Kancelaria Sejmu RP|accessdate=15 October 2017}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Poland}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} (Illegal when containing psilocybin/psilocin. Legal when contains muscimol, ibotenic acid, muscarin or any other psychoactive or psychotropic substance that isn't psilocybin or psilocin) || {{no|Illegal}} (Illegal when containing psilocybin/psilocin. Legal when contains muscimol, ibotenic acid, muscarin or any other psychoactive or psychotropic substance that isn't psilocybin or psilocin) || {{no|Illegal}} (Illegal when containing psilocybin/psilocin. Legal when contains muscimol, ibotenic acid, muscarin or any other psychoactive or psychotropic substance that isn't psilocybin or psilocin) || {{no|Illegal providing mushrooms contain psilocybin or psilocin. Grow kits, spores, and mycelium therefore legal.}} || Psilocybin and psilocin are listed illegal, but not the fungal species themselves.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ustawa z dnia 29 lipca 2005 r. o przeciwdziałaniu narkomanii|url=http://prawo.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20051791485|website=Internetowy System Aktów Prawnych|publisher=Kancelaria Sejmu RP|access-date=15 October 2017|archive-date=14 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014083816/http://prawo.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20051791485|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mushroom spore kits and grow kits are legal and are sold openly in stores. |
|||
==={{Flagu|Portugal}}=== |
|||
<ref><ref><ref><ref></ref></ref></ref></ref>|- |
|||
| |
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==={{Flagu|Russia}}=== |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{partial|Illegal (Spores are legal)}} || Psilocybin in any form is illegal. |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Portugal}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal (decriminalized)}} || {{partial|Illegal (decriminalized)}} || {{partial|Illegal (decriminalized)}} || {{partial|Illegal (decriminalized)}} || The [[Drug policy of Portugal]] has decriminalized possession of all drugs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Worldwide Psychedelic Laws |url=https://psychedelicalpha.com/data/worldwide-psychedelic-laws |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=Psychedelic Alpha |language=en-US |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630094114/https://psychedelicalpha.com/data/worldwide-psychedelic-laws |url-status=live }}</ref> |
|||
==={{Flagu|Samoa}}=== |
|||
| {{yes|Legal}} || {{yes|Legal}} || {{yes|Legal}} || {{yes|Legal}} || In Samoa, psilocybin mushrooms are widely found in nature, called popularly "Pulouaitu" and they are not mentioned on national drug laws. Nevertheless, there are government plans to prohibit them in the near future, as they are being increasingly used by local youths.<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.samoaobserver.ws/en/22_02_2018/local/30326/Reform-zeroes-in-on-pulouaitu-and-tagamimi.htm|title=Reform zeroes in on pulouaitu and tagamimi - Samoa Observer|website=www.samoaobserver.ws}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Romania}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || Psilocybin in any form is illegal. |
|||
==={{Flagu|Slovakia}}=== |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal (ambiguous)}} || {{partial|Illegal (ambiguous)}} || {{partial|Illegal (ambiguous)}} || {{partial|Illegal (ambiguous)}} || There is little legal experience in Slovakia on the legal evaluation of magic mushrooms, making their legality somewhat ambiguous. Low quantities could possibly be treated as psilocin in the country, but large quantities may be considered as a “preparation” of a drug trafficking offence, which has the same sentence as an offence actually committed.<ref name="ELDD" /> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Russia}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal, but spores are always legal}} || Psilocybin in any form is illegal. |
|||
==={{Flagu|Slovenia}}=== |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || In Slovenia, mushrooms are illegal, since they are considered as psilocin.<ref name="ELDD" /> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Samoa}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || According to the Samoan 1967 Narcotics Act<ref>{{Cite web |title=Samoan Narcotics Act |url=https://samoa.tradeportal.org/media//Narcotics%20Act%201967.pdf}}</ref> possession of Psilocybin containing mushrooms is illegal plus psilocybin and psilocin are classified as Class A narcotics. |
|||
==={{Flagu|South Africa}}=== |
|||
|{{no|Illegal}} |
|||
|{{no|Illegal}} |
|||
|{{no|Illegal}} |
|||
|{{no|Illegal}} (Grow kits and spores may be legal) |
|||
|Psilocin (4-hydroxydimethyltryptamine) and Psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) are listed as Undesirable Dependence-Producing Substances.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/acts/1992-140.pdf|title=DRUGS AND DRUG TRAFFICKING ACT NO. 140 OF 1992|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}</ref> Spores - which do not contain Psilocin or Psilocybin - may be legal to purchase, own or sell. |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Serbia}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || Psilocybin in any form is illegal. |
|||
==={{Flagu|Spain}}=== |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal (Decriminalized for personal use in a private place)}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{partial|Illegal (Decriminalized for personal use in a private place)}} || Psilocybin mushrooms are noted to be illegal to sell, and its possession and cultivation legal when treated as mushrooms.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2009-1110|title=BOE-A-2009-1110|date=23 January 2006|work=boe.es}}</ref> Possession, production and distribution of psilocybin is illegal, but its consumption in private places is decriminalized.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-1977-27160|title=BOE-A-1977-27160|date=16 November 1977|work=boe.es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2015-3442|title=Ley Orgánica 4/2015 de protección de la seguridad ciudadana.|date=30 March 2015|work=boe.es}}</ref> This makes the legality of psilocybin mushrooms, grow kits and spores ambiguous and usually it is based on the intent of use and the judge's interpretation of the law.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://psilocibes.com/?p=240|title=Psilocibes, leyes y sentencias|date=17 March 2013|work=psilocibes.com}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Slovakia}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal (ambiguous)}} || {{partial|Illegal (ambiguous)}} || {{partial|Illegal (ambiguous)}} || {{partial|Illegal (ambiguous)}} || There is little legal experience in Slovakia on the legal evaluation of magic mushrooms, making their legality somewhat ambiguous. Low quantities could possibly be treated as psilocin in the country, but large quantities may be considered as a "preparation" of a drug trafficking offence, which has the same sentence as an offence actually committed.<ref name="ELDD" /> |
|||
==={{Flagu|Sri Lanka}}=== |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || Although their presence and usage are extremely rare in the country, psilocybin mushrooms are also banned in Sri Lanka. In 2016, a local woman was arrested and became famous for illegally importing magic mushrooms from the United States, worth about Rs 250,000, and trafficking them for a select group of people.<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.dailynews.lk/2016/02/19/security/girl-arrested-magic-mushrooms|title=Girl arrested with Magic Mushrooms - Daily News|website=www.dailynews.lk}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Slovenia}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal could be treated as psylocine}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal could be treated as psylocine}} || In Slovenia, mushrooms are illegal, since they are considered as psilocin.<ref name="ELDD" /> |
|||
==={{Flagu|Sweden}}=== |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || |
|||
*[[Riksdag|''Sveriges riksdag'']] added ''[[Psilocybe semilanceata]]'' (wild growing in Sweden) to schedule I (''"substances, plant materials and fungi which normally do not have medical use"'') as narcotics in Sweden as of Nov 1, 1997, published by [[Medical Products Agency (Sweden)|''Medical Products Agency'']] in their regulation '''LVFS 1997:15''' listed as '''Psilocybe semilanceata (toppslätskivling)'''.<ref name="lakemedelsverket.se">{{cite web|url=http://www.lakemedelsverket.se/upload/lvfs/LVFS|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130925161634/http://www.lakemedelsverket.se/upload/lvfs/LVFS|url-status=dead|title=Sidan kunde inte visas (#404) - Läkemedelsverket|date=25 September 2013|archivedate=25 September 2013}}</ref> |
|||
*[[Riksdag|''Sveriges riksdag'']] added psilocybin mushrooms to schedule I (''"substances, plant materials and fungi which normally do not have medical use"'') as narcotics in Sweden as of Aug 1, 1999, published by [[Medical Products Agency (Sweden)|''Medical Products Agency'']] in their regulation '''LVFS 1999:6''' listed as '''Svampar som innehåller ämnena psilocybin eller psilocin, om svamparna är framodlade eller om de har torkats eller på annat sätt beretts'''.<ref name="lakemedelsverket.se" /> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|South Africa}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{partial|Legal}} (Grow kits and spores are legal) || Psilocin (4-hydroxydimethyltryptamine) and Psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) are listed as Undesirable Dependence-Producing Substances.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/acts/1992-140.pdf|title=DRUGS AND DRUG TRAFFICKING ACT NO. 140 OF 1992|access-date=5 February 2017|archive-date=5 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205091737/http://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/acts/1992-140.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Spores - which do not contain Psilocin or Psilocybin - may be legal to purchase, own or sell. |
|||
==={{Flagu|Switzerland}}=== |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || |
|||
Although psilocybin and psilocin have long been listed as controlled substances in Switzerland, mushrooms themselves were only specifically banned in 2002, initially by the Swiss Agency for Therapeutic Products and later, by a revision of the Swiss Narcotics Act in 2008. Until 2002, magic mushrooms were readily available in Switzerland and, according to a Swiss medical agency, their ban was an attempt to prevent their increasing popularity in the country. However, some local health and legal authorities have criticized magic mushroom's prohibition, since surveys have showed that it had little impact on decreasing their consumption in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesundheitstipp.ch/artikel/d/verbotene-pilze/|title=Verbotene Pilze (Forbidden mushrooms)|language=de|first=Andreas|last= |
|||
Gossweiler|date=10 June 2008|publisher=|via=www.gesundheitstipp.ch}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= |
|||
https://www.bern.ch/region-vor-gericht/story/16561015|title=Strafe , Schelte für die Staatsanwältin (Pu) |language=de|first=Johannes|last=Reichen|date= |
|||
16 November 2017|publisher=|via=www.bernerzeitung.ch}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Spain}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal (Decriminalized for personal use in a private place)}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{partial|Illegal (Decriminalized for personal use in a private place)}} || Psilocybin mushrooms are noted to be illegal to sell, and its possession and cultivation legal when treated as mushrooms.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2009-1110|title=BOE-A-2009-1110|date=23 January 2006|work=boe.es|pages=7861–7871|access-date=18 October 2015|archive-date=23 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723070610/http://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2009-1110|url-status=live}}</ref> Possession, production and distribution of psilocybin is illegal, but its consumption in private places is decriminalized.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-1977-27160|title=BOE-A-1977-27160|date=16 November 1977|work=boe.es|pages=24978–24986|access-date=18 October 2015|archive-date=25 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125072047/http://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-1977-27160|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2015-3442|title=Ley Orgánica 4/2015 de protección de la seguridad ciudadana.|date=30 March 2015|work=boe.es|pages=27216–27243|access-date=1 November 2015|archive-date=29 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151029210725/http://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2015-3442|url-status=live}}</ref> This makes the legality of psilocybin mushrooms, grow kits and spores ambiguous and usually it is based on the intent of use and the judge's interpretation of the law.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://psilocibes.com/?p=240|title=Psilocibes, leyes y sentencias|date=17 March 2013|work=psilocibes.com|access-date=18 October 2015|archive-date=25 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125095137/http://psilocibes.com/?p=240|url-status=live}}</ref> |
|||
==={{Flagu|Taiwan}}=== |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || In Taiwan, psilocybin mushrooms are illegal. They are considered a Category 2 drug, alongside marijuana and amphetamine.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2014/05/15/2003590407|title='Magic mushroom' case alerts officials - Taipei Times|website=www.taipeitimes.com}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Sri Lanka}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{partial|Legal for public interests and research or experiments}} || Although their presence and usage are extremely rare in the country, psilocybin mushrooms are also banned in Sri Lanka. In 2016, a local woman was arrested and became famous for illegally importing magic mushrooms from the United States, worth about Rs 250,000, and trafficking them for a select group of people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailynews.lk/2016/02/19/security/girl-arrested-magic-mushrooms|title=Girl arrested with Magic Mushrooms - Daily News|website=dailynews.lk|access-date=27 November 2018|archive-date=27 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127110404/http://www.dailynews.lk/2016/02/19/security/girl-arrested-magic-mushrooms|url-status=live}}</ref> |
|||
==={{Flagu|Thailand}}=== |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || Psilocybin mushrooms are illegal but are commonly sold openly in businesses.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://travelfreak.net/how-to-trip-on-mushrooms-in-thailand/|title=Drinking Mushroom Shakes in Thailand|date=8 November 2013|publisher=}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Sweden}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Spores (and grow kits) are legal, it is legal to grow [[mycelium]] but not fruit bodies.}} || |
|||
==={{Flagu|Turkey}}=== |
|||
* Schedule 1: [[Psilocybin mushroom]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Föreskrifter (LVFS 1999:6) om ändring i Läkemedelsverkets föreskrifter (LVFS 1997:12) om företeckningar över narkotika; {{!}} Läkemedelsverket |url=https://www.lakemedelsverket.se/sv/lagar-och-regler/foreskrifter/1999-6 |website=www.lakemedelsverket.se |language=sv |access-date=31 March 2022 |archive-date=7 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107000102/https://www.lakemedelsverket.se/sv/lagar-och-regler/foreskrifter/1999-6 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
|||
* Schedule 1: ''[[Psilocybe cubensis]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Läkemedelsverkets föreskrifter (LVFS 2011:10) om förteckningar över narkotika; {{!}} Läkemedelsverket |url=https://www.lakemedelsverket.se/sv/lagar-och-regler/foreskrifter/2011-10 |website=www.lakemedelsverket.se |language=sv |access-date=31 March 2022 |archive-date=31 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331172033/https://www.lakemedelsverket.se/sv/lagar-och-regler/foreskrifter/2011-10 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
|||
* Schedule 1: ''[[Psilocybe semilanceata]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Föreskrifter (LVFS 1997:15) om ändring i Läkemedelsverkets föreskrifter (LVFS 1997:12) om förteckningar över narkotika; {{!}} Läkemedelsverket |url=https://www.lakemedelsverket.se/sv/lagar-och-regler/foreskrifter/1997-15 |website=www.lakemedelsverket.se |language=sv |access-date=31 March 2022 |archive-date=31 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331171909/https://www.lakemedelsverket.se/sv/lagar-och-regler/foreskrifter/1997-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || In Turkey magic mushrooms are treated as psilocybin which is illegal. The sale, growth and possession can lead to prosecution. |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Switzerland}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal, but decriminalized possession is punishable with a spot fine}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || |
|||
==={{Flagu|Ukraine}}=== |
|||
Although psilocybin and psilocin have long been listed as controlled substances in Switzerland, mushrooms themselves were only specifically banned in 2002, initially by the Swiss Agency for Therapeutic Products and later, by a revision of the Swiss Narcotics Act in 2008. Until 2002, magic mushrooms were readily available in Switzerland and, according to a Swiss medical agency, their ban was an attempt to prevent their increasing popularity in the country. However, some local health and legal authorities have criticized magic mushroom's prohibition, since surveys have showed that it had little impact on decreasing their consumption in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesundheitstipp.ch/artikel/d/verbotene-pilze/|title=Verbotene Pilze (Forbidden mushrooms)|language=de|first=Andreas|last=Gossweiler|date=10 June 2008|via=gesundheitstipp.ch|access-date=27 November 2018|archive-date=27 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127110219/https://www.gesundheitstipp.ch/artikel/d/verbotene-pilze/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bern.ch/region-vor-gericht/story/16561015|title=Strafe , Schelte für die Staatsanwältin (Pu)|language=de|first=Johannes|last=Reichen|date=16 November 2017|work=Berner Zeitung}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{partial|Illegal (Spores are legal)}} || Psilocybin in any form is illegal. According to the Ukrainian Criminal Code, fetal bodies of fungi containing psilocybin are considered a psychotropic substance, and the dose, which entails criminal liability, is 0.01 g of psilocybin, is about 30-40 g of fresh mushrooms. However, the legislation does not prohibit the sale of mushroom spores for cultivation for the purpose of collecting.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bsmu.edu.ua/uk/news/digest/6900-magichni-gribi | title="Магічні" гриби}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Taiwan}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || In Taiwan, psilocybin mushrooms are illegal. They are considered a Category 2 drug, alongside marijuana and amphetamine.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2014/05/15/2003590407|title='Magic mushroom' case alerts officials - Taipei Times|website=Taipei Times|date=15 May 2014|access-date=5 November 2017|archive-date=7 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107010135/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2014/05/15/2003590407|url-status=live}}</ref> |
|||
==={{Flagu|United Kingdom}}=== |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || As of 18 July 2005,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.release.org.uk/news/MMStmt.pdf |title=Internet Archive Wayback Machine |date=28 September 2006 |accessdate=7 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928191945/http://www.release.org.uk/news/MMStmt.pdf |archivedate=28 September 2006 }}</ref> both fresh and "prepared" (that is, dried, cooked or made into a tea) psilocybin mushrooms were made illegal in the United Kingdom. Prior to this date, fresh mushrooms were widely available (even in city centre shops), but section 21 of the Drugs Act 2005 made fresh psychedelic mushrooms ("fungi containing psilocybin"), a [[Class A drug]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lifeline.org.uk/new_sitefiles/articles/20050421_2.html |title=Internet Archive Wayback Machine |date=29 October 2005 |accessdate=7 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051029093117/http://www.lifeline.org.uk/new_sitefiles/articles/20050421_2.html |archivedate=29 October 2005 }}</ref> Subsequent to these laws being passed, possession and use of psilocybin and psilocin has been prohibited. |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Thailand}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || Psilocybin mushrooms are illegal, but are commonly sold openly in businesses. The Thai government plans to grow psilocybin-containing mushrooms for the purposes of researching their potential therapeutic effects. If the studies are successful, psilocybin-containing mushrooms could be removed from the country's ‘Category 5’ narcotics list.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goldstein |first=Lara |date=2022 |title=Thai Government Developing Psychedelic Medicine To Treat Various Mental Health Issues, Including Depression |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/thai-government-developing-psychedelic-medicine-to-treat-various-mental-health-issues-including-depression/ar-AA10MKfL |access-date=23 August 2022 |website=MSN |language=en-US |archive-date=23 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823195742/https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/thai-government-developing-psychedelic-medicine-to-treat-various-mental-health-issues-including-depression/ar-AA10MKfL |url-status=live }}</ref> |
|||
==={{Flagu|United States}}=== |
|||
| {{no|Illegal (decriminalized in Denver, Colorado, Oakland, California, and Chicago, IL)}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal (decriminalized in Denver, Colorado, Oakland, California, and Chicago, IL)}} || {{partial|Illegal (Grow kits and spores legal in most states, full cultivation decriminalized in Denver, Colorado and Chicago, IL)}} || In the United States, possession of psilocybin-containing mushrooms is illegal because they contain the [[Schedule I controlled substance|Schedule I drugs]] psilocin and psilocybin. Spores, which do not contain psychoactive chemicals, are explicitly illegal in [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Idaho]], and [[California]] (<small>''unlisted states unverified''</small>).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://advance.lexis.com/document?crid=9299f13d-0abb-450b-9514-966f04e01497|title=O.C.G.A. § 16-13-71.627|date=2017|website=Georgia General Assembly|access-date=19 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title37/t37ch27/sect37-2705/|title=Idaho Statute 37-2705.32|date=2017|website=Idaho Legislature|access-date=19 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=HSC§ionNum=11391|title=CA HSC-11391-ARTICLE 7|date=2015|website=CA Legislative Information|accessdate=19 June 2018}}</ref> In the rest of the country, it is not illegal to just sell the spores, but selling them with the purpose of producing hallucinogenic mushrooms is illegal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fungifun.org/fanaticus/news/PSYLOCYBEFANATICUSOWNERANDEMPLOYEESINDICTED.htm |title=Psylocybe Fanaticus Owner And Employees Indicted |publisher=United Nations |accessdate=7 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fungifun.org/fanaticus/news/TheSeattleTimesLocalNewsMushroombusinesslands4introuble.htm |title=Mushroom business lands 4 in trouble |publisher=United Nations |date=24 February 2003 |accessdate=7 January 2012}}</ref> Except for [[ornamental plant|ornamental]] purposes, growing, selling or possessing '''''Psilocybe'' spp.''' and '''''Conocybe'' spp.''' is prohibited by [[Louisiana State Act 159]]. The city of [[Denver]], [[Colorado]], voted in May 2019 to decriminalize the drug.<ref>{{cite web |last=Honig |first=Esther |title=In Close Vote, Denver Becomes First U.S. City To Decriminalize Psychedelic Mushrooms |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/05/09/721660053/in-close-vote-denver-becomes-first-u-s-city-to-decriminalize-psychedelic-mushroo |website=NPR.org |accessdate=May 9, 2019 |date=May 9, 2019}}</ref> The city of [[Oakland, California]] decriminalized in June 2019.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2019/06/05/oakland-california-legalizes-magic-mushrooms-and-peyote/1347888001/ | title=Oakland in California legalizes magic mushrooms and peyote | last1=Weise | first1=Elizabeth | last2= della Cava | first2=Marco | work = USA Today | date=June 5, 2019 | accessdate=June 5, 2019}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Turkey}} |
|||
| |
|||
| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal (Spores are legal for microscopy)}} || In Turkey magic mushrooms are treated as psilocybin which is illegal. The sale, growth and possession can lead to prosecution. |
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==={{Flagu|Uruguay}}=== |
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| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || In Uruguay, psilocybin and psilocin are mentioned in the federal list of controlled substances.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/2018/02/20/documentos.pdf |title=Documents |date=2018 |website=www.impo.com.uy |format=PDF |access-date=2019-09-16}}</ref> According to Decreto N° 403/016, all fungal species of the Psilocybe sp. genus are illegal to sell as a medicinal compound, and other psilocybin-containing fungi genera, such as Copelandia, Pluteus and Conocybe are also mentioned in the document.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adau.com.uy/innovaportal/file/14405/1/decreto-403-016.pdf |title=Documents |website=www.adau.com.uy |format=PDF |access-date=2019-09-16}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Ukraine}} |
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| |
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| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal (Spores are legal)}} || Psilocybin in any form is illegal. According to the Ukrainian Criminal Code, fetal bodies of fungi containing psilocybin are considered a psychotropic substance, and the dose, which entails criminal liability, is 0.01 g of psilocybin, is about 30-40 g of fresh mushrooms. However, the legislation does not prohibit the sale of mushroom spores for cultivation for the purpose of collecting.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bsmu.edu.ua/uk/news/digest/6900-magichni-gribi | title="Магічні" гриби | access-date=18 November 2018 | archive-date=19 November 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119011103/https://www.bsmu.edu.ua/uk/news/digest/6900-magichni-gribi | url-status=live }}</ref> |
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==={{Flagu|Vietnam}}=== |
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| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || In Vietnam, psilocybin and psilocin were added to the list of banned substances in 2018 through Decree 73. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Van-hoa-Xa-hoi/Decree-73-2018-ND-CP-on-Lists-of-narcotic-substances-and-precursors-401734.aspx|title=Decree 73/2018/ND-CP on Lists of narcotic substances and precursors|website=thuvienphapluat.vn}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|United Kingdom}} |
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| |
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| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal (Spores are legal for microscopy)}} || From 18 July 2005<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.release.org.uk/news/MMStmt.pdf |title=PSILOCYBE MADE A CLASS A DRUG, SUBJECT TO FULL RESTRICTIONS |date=28 September 2006 |access-date=7 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928191945/http://www.release.org.uk/news/MMStmt.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2006 }}</ref> both fresh and "prepared" (that is, dried, cooked or made into a tea) psilocybin mushrooms became illegal in the United Kingdom; fresh mushrooms had previously been widely available, even in shops, but section 21 of the Drugs Act 2005 made fresh psychedelic mushrooms ("fungi containing psilocybin"), a [[Class A drug]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lifeline.org.uk/new_sitefiles/articles/20050421_2.html |title=HOME DEPARTMENT {{!}} Section 21 of the Drugs Act 2005 – magic mushrooms |date=29 October 2005 |access-date=7 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051029093117/http://www.lifeline.org.uk/new_sitefiles/articles/20050421_2.html |archive-date=29 October 2005}}</ref> Possession and use of psilocybin and psilocin is prohibited since the 2005 Act, but mushroom spores, which do not contain psilocybin, are not regulated.Grow kits can be bought legally through specialised websites because they do not contain psilocybin and psilocin.<ref name=":0" /> |
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|- |
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! scope=row {{flagg|cspetw|pref=Psilocybin decriminalization in|the=_|United States}} |
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| {{partial|Illegal (Decriminalized in Seattle, Washington; Ann Arbor, Michigan; Oakland and Santa Cruz, California; Somerville and Cambridge, Massachusetts; Oregon; and Washington D.C.) (Legal in Colorado<ref name=CP122>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2022 |title=COLORADO NATURAL MEDICINE HEALTH ACT of 2022 |url=https://naturalmedicinecolorado.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Initiative-58-.pdf |access-date=7 December 2022 |website=naturalmedicinecolorado.org |archive-date=23 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123193853/https://naturalmedicinecolorado.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Initiative-58-.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>)}} || {{partial|Illegal (Sales between permitted medical entities might be allowed in certain cities and states where it is decriminalized.<ref name=CP122 />)}} || {{partial|Illegal (Decriminalized in Seattle, Washington; Ann Arbor, Michigan; Oakland and Santa Cruz, California; Somerville and Cambridge, Massachusetts; Oregon; and Washington D.C.) (Legal in Colorado<ref name=CP122/>)}} || {{partial|Illegal (Spores are legal in most states, full cultivation decriminalized in Seattle, Washington; Ann Arbor, Michigan; Oakland and Santa Cruz, California; Somerville and Cambridge, Massachusetts; Oregon; and Washington D.C.) (Legal in Colorado<ref name=CP122/>)}} || {{See also|Psilocybin decriminalization in the United States}} In the United States, possession of psilocybin-containing mushrooms is illegal because they contain the [[Schedule I controlled substance|Schedule I drugs]] psilocin and psilocybin. Spores, which do not contain psychoactive chemicals, are explicitly illegal in [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Idaho]], and [[California]] (<small>''unlisted states unverified''</small>).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://advance.lexis.com/document?crid=9299f13d-0abb-450b-9514-966f04e01497|title=O.C.G.A. § 16-13-71.627|year=2017|website=Georgia General Assembly|access-date=19 June 2018|archive-date=24 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224183423/https://signin.lexisnexis.com/lnaccess/app/signin?back=https%3A%2F%2Fadvance.lexis.com%3A443%2Fdocument%3Fcrid%3D9299f13d-0abb-450b-9514-966f04e01497&aci=la|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title37/t37ch27/sect37-2705/|title=Idaho Statute 37-2705.32|year=2017|website=Idaho Legislature|access-date=19 June 2018|archive-date=20 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620003041/https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title37/t37ch27/sect37-2705/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=HSC§ionNum=11391|title=CA HSC-11391-ARTICLE 7|year=2015|website=CA Legislative Information|access-date=19 June 2018|archive-date=20 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620002012/http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=HSC§ionNum=11391|url-status=live}}</ref> In the rest of the country, it is not illegal to just sell the spores, but selling them with the purpose of producing hallucinogenic mushrooms is illegal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fungifun.org/fanaticus/news/PSYLOCYBEFANATICUSOWNERANDEMPLOYEESINDICTED.htm |title=Psylocybe Fanaticus Owner And Employees Indicted |publisher=United Nations |access-date=7 January 2012 |archive-date=17 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117020208/http://www.fungifun.org/fanaticus/news/PSYLOCYBEFANATICUSOWNERANDEMPLOYEESINDICTED.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fungifun.org/fanaticus/news/TheSeattleTimesLocalNewsMushroombusinesslands4introuble.htm |title=Mushroom business lands 4 in trouble |publisher=United Nations |date=24 February 2003 |access-date=7 January 2012 |archive-date=17 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117034328/http://www.fungifun.org/fanaticus/news/TheSeattleTimesLocalNewsMushroombusinesslands4introuble.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Except for [[ornamental plant|ornamental]] purposes, growing, selling or possessing '''''Psilocybe'' spp.''' and '''''Conocybe'' spp.''' is prohibited by [[Louisiana State Act 159]]. |
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The cities of [[Denver]], [[Colorado]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Honig |first=Esther |title=In Close Vote, Denver Becomes First U.S. City To Decriminalize Psychedelic Mushrooms |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/05/09/721660053/in-close-vote-denver-becomes-first-u-s-city-to-decriminalize-psychedelic-mushroo |publisher=NPR |access-date=9 May 2019 |date=9 May 2019 |archive-date=11 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311010003/https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/05/09/721660053/in-close-vote-denver-becomes-first-u-s-city-to-decriminalize-psychedelic-mushroo |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Oakland, California]],<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2019/06/05/oakland-california-legalizes-magic-mushrooms-and-peyote/1347888001/ | title=Oakland in California legalizes magic mushrooms and peyote | last1=Weise | first1=Elizabeth | last2=della Cava | first2=Marco | work=USA Today | date=5 June 2019 | access-date=5 June 2019 | archive-date=5 March 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305093853/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2019/06/05/oakland-california-legalizes-magic-mushrooms-and-peyote/1347888001/ | url-status=live }}</ref> [[Santa Cruz, California|Santa Cruz]], California, and [[Ann Arbor, Michigan|Ann Arbor]], Michigan have decriminalized the drug.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/santa-cruz-decriminalizes-psychedelic-mushrooms/story?id=68611065|title=Santa Cruz decriminalizes psychedelic mushrooms|last=McCarthy|first=Kelly|date=29 January 2020|website=ABC News|language=en|access-date=31 January 2020|archive-date=6 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306154222/https://abcnews.go.com/US/santa-cruz-decriminalizes-psychedelic-mushrooms/story?id=68611065|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/30/us/santa-cruz-mushrooms-psychedelics-trnd/index.html|title=Santa Cruz decriminalizes magic mushrooms and other natural psychedelics, making it the third US city to take such a step|last=Kaur|first=Harmeet|date=30 January 2020|publisher=CNN|access-date=2 February 2020|archive-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329132318/https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/30/us/santa-cruz-mushrooms-psychedelics-trnd/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Stanton|first=Ryan|date=22 September 2020|title=Ann Arbor OKs move to decriminalize psychedelic mushrooms, plants|url=https://www.mlive.com/news/ann-arbor/2020/09/ann-arbor-oks-move-to-decriminalize-psychedelic-mushrooms-plants.html|access-date=22 September 2020|website=mlive|language=en|archive-date=22 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922085605/https://www.mlive.com/news/ann-arbor/2020/09/ann-arbor-oks-move-to-decriminalize-psychedelic-mushrooms-plants.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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==={{Flagu|Serbia}}=== |
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On 3 November 2020 during 2020 US presidential election, the state of Oregon voted in an [[Popular initiative|initiative]] to legalize psilocybin for mental health treatment at licensed centers and to decriminalize the possession of small amounts of all drugs. The new law came into effect on 1 February 2021.<ref name="IBT" /> On the same day [[Washington, D.C.]] passed an initiative to decriminalize the cultivation and possession of "entheogenic plants and fungi".<ref>{{cite magazine |last= Kreps |first= Daniel |date= 4 November 2020 |title= Oregon Decriminalizes All Drugs, While D.C. Decriminalizes Psychedelics |url= https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/oregon-decriminalizes-all-drugs-while-d-c-decriminalizes-psychedelics-1085109/ |magazine= Rolling Stone |access-date= 8 November 2020 |archive-date= 4 November 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201104143431/https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/oregon-decriminalizes-all-drugs-while-d-c-decriminalizes-psychedelics-1085109/ |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=O'Neill|first=Natalie|date=4 November 2020|title=Oregon becomes first state to legalize magic mushrooms, decriminalize street drugs|url=https://nypost.com/2020/11/04/oregon-becomes-1st-state-to-legalize-magic-mushrooms/|access-date=4 November 2020|website=New York Post|language=en-US|archive-date=4 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104063406/https://nypost.com/2020/11/04/oregon-becomes-1st-state-to-legalize-magic-mushrooms/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Feuer|first=Will|date=4 November 2020|title=Oregon becomes first state to legalize magic mushrooms as more states ease drug laws in 'psychedelic renaissance'|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/11/04/oregon-becomes-first-state-to-legalize-magic-mushrooms-as-more-states-ease-drug-laws.html|access-date=4 November 2020|publisher=CNBC|language=en|archive-date=7 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107175646/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/11/04/oregon-becomes-first-state-to-legalize-magic-mushrooms-as-more-states-ease-drug-laws.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, the City Councils of [[Somerville, Massachusetts|Somerville]], [[Northampton, Massachusetts|Northampton]], [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]], and [[Seattle|Seattle, Washington]], voted for decriminalization.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jaeger|first=Kyle|date=4 February 2021|title=Cambridge City Council Decriminalizes Psychedelics And Urges Police To End Drug Arrests More Broadly|url=https://www.marijuanamoment.net/cambridge-city-council-decriminalizes-psychedelics-and-urges-police-to-end-drug-arrests-more-broadly/|access-date=8 February 2021|website=Marijuana Moment|language=en-US|archive-date=5 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205012135/https://www.marijuanamoment.net/cambridge-city-council-decriminalizes-psychedelics-and-urges-police-to-end-drug-arrests-more-broadly/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jaeger|first=Kyle|date=2 April 2021|title=Third Massachusetts City Approves Psychedelics Decriminalization Measure|url=https://www.marijuanamoment.net/third-massachusetts-city-approves-psychedelics-decriminalization-measure/|access-date=3 April 2021|website=Marijuana Moment|language=en-US|archive-date=2 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210402165011/https://www.marijuanamoment.net/third-massachusetts-city-approves-psychedelics-decriminalization-measure/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Adlin|first=Ben|date=4 October 2021|title=Seattle Becomes Largest U.S. City To Decriminalize Psychedelics|url=https://www.marijuanamoment.net/seattle-becomes-largest-u-s-city-to-decriminalize-psychedelics/|access-date=5 October 2021|website=Marijuana Moment|language=en-US|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005000051/https://www.marijuanamoment.net/seattle-becomes-largest-u-s-city-to-decriminalize-psychedelics/|url-status=live}}</ref> California introduced Senate Bill 58 in 2023 which would have decriminalized many psychedelics including psilocybin, but it was vetoed by Governor Newsom citing the need for 1) treatment and dosing guidelines, 2) rules to protect patients from being exploited during treatment, and 3) ways to make sure they have no underlying psychoses.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=California Nixes a Bill to Decriminalize Plant-Based Psychedelics - Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/story/california-nixes-a-bill-to-decriminalize-plant-based-psychedelics/ |access-date=9 October 2023 |magazine=Wired |archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030190029/https://www.wired.com/story/california-nixes-a-bill-to-decriminalize-plant-based-psychedelics/ |url-status=live |last1=Ford |first1=Celia }}</ref> On 7 September 2022, [[San Francisco]] lawmakers had unanimously approved a measure calling for the decriminalization of the use of entheogenic plants.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jaeger |first=Kyle |date=7 September 2022 |title=San Francisco Lawmakers Unanimously Approve Psychedelics Decriminalization Resolution |url=https://www.marijuanamoment.net/san-francisco-lawmakers-unanimously-approve-psychedelics-decriminalization-resolution/ |access-date=8 September 2022 |website=Marijuana Moment |language=en-US |archive-date=7 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907153247/https://www.marijuanamoment.net/san-francisco-lawmakers-unanimously-approve-psychedelics-decriminalization-resolution/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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| {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || Psilocybin in any form is illegal. |
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On 8 November 2022, [[Colorado]] voters passed Proposition 122, the Natural Medicine Health Act, decriminalizing psilocybin (including psilocybin mushrooms), psilocin, dimethyltryptamine (also known as DMT), ibogaine, and mescaline, for those aged 21 and over. This also legalized licensed "healing centers" where patients can experience psilocybin under supervision (which may also be expanded to include DMT, ibogaine, and mescaline), also only for those aged 21 and over. The initiative also allows those 21 and older to grow, possess and share the psychedelic substances but not sell them for personal use, effective immediately. The regulated natural medicine access program or "healing centers" will be established no later than the end of 2024.<ref>{{cite magazine |last= Law |first= Tara |date= 11 November 2022 |title= Colorado Voted to Decriminalize Psilocybin and Other Psychedelics |url= https://time.com/6232212/colorado-decriminalizes-psychedelics-psilocybin-proposition-122/ |magazine= Time (magazine) |access-date= 16 November 2022 |archive-date= 16 November 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221116094108/https://time.com/6232212/colorado-decriminalizes-psychedelics-psilocybin-proposition-122/ |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= Peipert |first= Thomas |date= 11 November 2022 |title= Colorado voters decriminalise psychedelic mushrooms |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/midterm-elections-2022/colorado-mushrooms-legal-proposition-122-b2223322.html |work= The Independent |access-date= 15 November 2022 |archive-date= 15 November 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221115010011/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/midterm-elections-2022/colorado-mushrooms-legal-proposition-122-b2223322.html |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name=CP122/> |
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! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Uruguay}} |
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!Country !! Possession !! Sale !! Transport !! Cultivation !! Notes |
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| {{partial|Decriminalized}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || {{no|Illegal}} || In Uruguay, psilocybin and psilocin are mentioned in the federal list of controlled substances;Uruguay was first country in South America to decriminalize possession of all and every drug.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/2018/02/20/documentos.pdf |title=Documents |year=2018 |website=impo.com.uy |access-date=16 September 2019 |archive-date=27 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127110237/https://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/2018/02/20/documentos.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> According to Decreto N° 403/016, all fungal species of the Psilocybe sp. genus are illegal to sell as a medicinal compound, and other psilocybin-containing fungi genera, such as Copelandia, Pluteus and Conocybe are also mentioned in the document.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.adau.com.uy/innovaportal/file/14405/1/decreto-403-016.pdf |title=Documents |website=adau.com.uy |access-date=16 September 2019 |archive-date=27 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127111738/http://www.adau.com.uy/innovaportal/file/14405/1/decreto-403-016.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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|- |
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! scope=row {{flagg|csuetw|Vietnam}} |
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| {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced), Magic mushrooms are sold and supplied openly}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced)}} || {{partial|Illegal (unenforced) Legal for medical or scientific research}} || In Vietnam, psilocybin and psilocin were added to the list of banned substances in 2018 through Decree 73.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Van-hoa-Xa-hoi/Decree-73-2018-ND-CP-on-Lists-of-narcotic-substances-and-precursors-401734.aspx|title=Decree 73/2018/ND-CP on Lists of narcotic substances and precursors|website=thuvienphapluat.vn|access-date=25 July 2019|archive-date=17 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717214934/https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Van-hoa-Xa-hoi/Decree-73-2018-ND-CP-on-Lists-of-narcotic-substances-and-precursors-401734.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> magic mushrooms for ornamental uses made by people or scientific research made by physicians or psychonauts isn't fully legal in Vietnam. |
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== See also == |
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* [[Psilocybin decriminalization in the United States]] |
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* [[Legal status of psychoactive Amanita mushrooms]] |
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* [[Legal status of ayahuasca by country]] |
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* [[Legal status of ibogaine by country]] |
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* [[Legal status of psychoactive cactus by country]] |
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* [[Legal status of Salvia divinorum]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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https://psychedelicreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Resolution.pdf |
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== Further reading == |
== Further reading == |
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* [http://www.erowid.org/plants/mushrooms/mushrooms_law11.shtml International Legal Status of Psilocybin Mushrooms] Ananda Schouten, 2004 |
* [http://www.erowid.org/plants/mushrooms/mushrooms_law11.shtml International Legal Status of Psilocybin Mushrooms] Ananda Schouten, 2004 |
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<ref>https://psychedelicreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Resolution.pdf</ref> |
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{{Drug policy nav}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Legal Status Of Psilocybin Mushrooms}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Legal Status Of Psilocybin Mushrooms}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Psilocybin]] |
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[[Category:Drug control law]] |
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Revision as of 11:02, 5 May 2024
Part of a series on |
Psychedelia |
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The legal status of unauthorised actions with psilocybin mushrooms varies worldwide. Psilocybin and psilocin are listed as Schedule I drugs under the United Nations 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances.[1] Schedule I drugs are defined as drugs with a high potential for abuse or drugs that have no recognized medical uses. However, psilocybin mushrooms have had numerous medicinal[2][3][4] and religious uses in dozens of cultures throughout history and have a significantly lower potential for abuse than other Schedule I drugs.[5]
Psilocybin mushrooms are not regulated by UN treaties.[6] Many countries, however, have some level of regulation or prohibition of psilocybin mushrooms (for example, the US Psychotropic Substances Act, the UK Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, and the Canadian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act).
In some jurisdictions, Psilocybe spores are legal to sell and possess, because they contain neither psilocybin nor psilocin.[7][citation needed] In other jurisdictions, they are banned because they are items that are used in drug manufacture. A few jurisdictions (such as the US states of California, Georgia and Idaho) have specifically prohibited the sale and possession of psilocybin mushroom spores. Cultivation of psilocybin mushrooms is considered drug manufacture in most jurisdictions and is often severely penalized, though some countries and one US state (New Mexico) has ruled that growing psilocybin mushrooms does not qualify as "manufacturing" a controlled substance.[citation needed]
History
In the United States, psilocybin (and psilocin) were first subjected to federal regulation by the Drug Abuse Control Amendments of 1965, a product of a bill sponsored by Senator Thomas J. Dodd. The law—passed in July 1965 and effected on 1 February 1966—was an amendment to the federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and was intended to regulate the unlicensed "possession, manufacture, or sale of depressant, stimulant and hallucinogenic drugs".[8]: 25 The statutes themselves, however, did not list the "hallucinogenic drugs" that were being regulated.[8]: 25 Instead, the term "hallucinogenic drugs" was meant to refer to those substances believed to have a "hallucinogenic effect on the central nervous system".[8]: 25
Despite the seemingly strict provisions of the law, many people were exempt from prosecution. The statutes "permit[ted] ... people to possess such drugs so long as they were for the personal use of the possessor, [for] a member of his household, or for administration to an animal".[8]: 25 The federal law that specifically banned psilocybin and psilocin was enacted on 24 October 1968[which?]. The substances were said to have "a high potential for abuse", "no currently accepted medical use", and "a lack of accepted safety".[8]: 26 On 27 October 1970, both psilocybin and psilocin became classified as Schedule I drugs and were simultaneously labeled "hallucinogens" under a section of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act known as the Controlled Substances Act.[9] Schedule I drugs are illicit drugs that are claimed to have no known therapeutic benefit. Johns Hopkins researchers suggest that if psilocybin clears the current phase III clinical trials, it should be re-categorized to a schedule IV drug such as prescription sleep aids, but with tighter control.[10][11]
The United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances (adopted in 1971) requires its members to prohibit psilocybin, and parties to the treaty are required to restrict use of the drug to medical and scientific research under strictly controlled conditions. However, the mushrooms containing the drug were not specifically included in the convention, due largely to pressure from the Mexican government.[12]
Most national drug laws have been amended to reflect the terms of the convention; examples include the UK Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, the US Psychotropic Substances Act of 1978,[9] Australia Poisons Standard (October 2015),[13] the Canadian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act of 1996,[14]: 178–9 and the Japanese Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Law of 2002.[14]: 167–86 The possession and use of psilocybin is prohibited under almost all circumstances, and often carries severe legal penalties.[12]
Complexities of enforcement
Possession and use of psilocybin mushrooms, including the bluing species of Psilocybe, is therefore prohibited by extension. However, in many national, state, and provincial drug laws, there has been a great deal of ambiguity about the legal status of psilocybin mushrooms, as well as a strong element of selective enforcement in some places.[15][8]: 25–48 Most US state courts have considered the mushroom a "container" of the illicit drugs, and therefore illegal. A loophole further complicates the legal situation—the spores of psilocybin mushrooms do not contain the drugs, and are legal to possess in many areas. Jurisdictions that have specifically enacted or amended laws to criminalize the possession of psilocybin mushroom spores include Germany (since 1998),[14] and California, Georgia, and Idaho in the United States. As a consequence, there is an active underground economy involved in the sale of spores and cultivation materials, and an internet-based social network to support the illicit activity.[16]: 177–178
Changes in the 2020s
On 3 November 2020, voters passed a ballot initiative in Oregon that made "magic mushrooms" legal for mental health treatment in supervised settings from 1 February 2021.[17][18][19] There currently is a bill pending in the California State Legislature that would legalize the "possession, obtaining, giving away, or transportation of, specified quantities of psilocybin, psilocyn, dimethyltryptamine (DMT), ibogaine, mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)." The bill has been approved by the California State Senate with 21 votes in favor of the same. The bill is currently in committee in the California State Assembly.[20]
In November 2020, the District of Columbia passed initiative 81; the short title of the initiative was the Entheogenic Plant and Fungus Policy Act of 2020 and it came into effect on March 15, 2021. This bill allows for the possession and non-for-profit gifting or distribution of psilocybin mushrooms, ibogaine, dimethyltryptamine (nn-DMT), and mescaline by similar measures as to the already in place bills for the possession and gifting of marijuana products.
On 5 October 2022, the Canadian province of Alberta announced it would be among the first to regulate and allow the use of psilocybin, LSD, MDMA, mescaline, ketamine, and DMT for medicinal purposes in drug-assisted psychotherapy. The new regulations came into effect in January 2023.[21] In 2022, Colorado became the second US state to decriminalize psilocybin mushrooms.[22]
On 5 February 2023, Australia approved psilocybin and MDMA in prescription medications for the treatment of PTSD and treatment resistant depression. This went into effect on 1 July 2023.[23]
List by country
Country | Possession | Sale | Transport | Cultivation | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Australia | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal but spores or magic kits are not illegal since they don't contain psilocybin | Cultivation, manufacture, possession, use and supply of psilocybin is illegal throughout Australia.[24] From July 2023, authorised psychiatrists can prescribe psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression.[25] |
Austria | Legal | Illegal | Legal[26] | Legal (No restriction for cultivation as long as the mushrooms are not intended to be used as drugs) | The personal possession and use of psilocybin mushrooms is not criminalized. Cultivation is technically legal as long as the mushrooms are not harvested for use. Selling or offering or providing access to the mushrooms to others is illegal.[27] |
Bahamas | Legal | Illegal | Legal | Legal for private use | Magic Mushrooms are fully legal in the Bahamas, however psilocybin and psilocin are controlled substances by the United Nations Convention on Narcotic Drugs. |
Belgium | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal, but uncontrolled | In Belgium, cultivation of mushrooms has been prohibited since the enactment of the Criminal Law of 25 February 1921. Possession and sale of mushrooms have been prohibited since the Royal Decree of 22 January 1998. |
Belize | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal, mushroom spores are unenforced when a psychonaut grows or cultivates in their home | In Belize, psilocin is listed in the Misuse of Drugs Act and penalty of "5 years, $100,000, or both."[28] |
Bolivia | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | In Bolivia, psilocybin and psilocin are banned substances.[28] |
Bulgaria | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | In Bulgaria, psilocybin and psilocin are banned substances. They are listed in "List I" which includes all plants and substances with a high degree of risk to public health due to the harmful effect of abuse. They are prohibited for use in humane and veterinary medicine.[29] |
Brazil | Legal | Legal | Legal | Legal | Only psilocybin and psilocin are listed illegal, but not the fungal species themselves. The Federal Constitution states that an act must be previously stated as illegal by a law. Therefore, psilocybin mushrooms cannot be considered illegal themselves. There are also no legal jurisprudences available on the topic, neither records of people being arrested specifically for using, growing or possessing psilocybin mushrooms in the country. They are sold mainly over the internet on specialized websites, without facing persecution from Brazilian police.[30] |
British Virgin Islands | Legal | Illegal (unenforced) | Illegal (unenforced) | Legal | Where mushrooms grow naturally, it is legal to possess and consume psilocybin mushrooms; however, their sale is illegal. Despite this, many businesses openly sell them.[31] |
Cambodia | Illegal (unenforced) | Illegal (unenforced) | Illegal (unenforced) | Illegal (unenforced) | In Cambodia, psilocybin mushrooms are prohibited, but in many parts of the country, especially touristic ones, they are mostly ignored by legal authorities, as it happens with other illegal drugs.[32] |
Canada | Illegal (unenforced) | Illegal (unenforced), legal medically | Illegal (unenforced) | Illegal (unenforced) | Mushroom spore kits are legal and are sold openly in stores or on the internet as the spores and kits themselves are legal as they do not contain psilocybin/psilocin. Psilocybin and psilocin are illegal to possess, obtain or produce without an exemption or license as they are schedule III under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.[33] Online dispensaries exist that illegally sell microdoses.[34] In September 2019, a motion to increase enforcement efforts against the sale of magic mushrooms was voted down by Vancouver council.[35] Efforts are underway to obtain exemptions for medical and research use under CDSA Section 56. In 2020, eleven end-of-life patients, including possibly also a first non-palliative patient, received an exemption to pursue psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy to help ease anxiety and depression.[36][37][38][39] In 2020, 16 health professionals received permission from the Ministry of Health to use psilocybin themselves to help develop therapies for future use.[40] In 2021, exemptions have been granted to use psilocybin therapy as a treatment for mental health conditions.[41] Canada health regulators announced that the government would allow physicians to request access to psychedelics on behalf of patients with serious or life-threatening medical conditions.[42] This exempted the patients from being prosecuted by law enforcement.[43] On 5 October 2022, the Province of Alberta announced it would effectively make all psychedelics, including Psilocybin mushrooms, legal and regulated for medicinal use from January 2023.[44] |
Chile | Illegal, but tolerated and decriminalized for small amounts | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal (Grow kits, spores, and mycelium legal) | Psilocybin and psilocin are listed as narcotic drugs on Ley Nº 20.000.[45] There have been some recent reports of imprisonment for sale and possession of magic mushrooms in Chile,[46][47][48] as well as indications that their usage is getting more popular in the country.[49] However, Psilocybe spores and kits are completely legal and openly sold on specialized Chilean websites.[50][51] |
Croatia | Illegal (decriminalized) | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal (unenforced) | From 2013, the possession of a small amount of light drugs is a misdemeanor, which can lead to a fine of 5,000–20,000kn ($800–3,500) depending on the case in question. |
Cyprus | Illegal (decriminalized) | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal not enforced (decriminalized) | Magic mushrooms are very rare in Cyprus. Although possession and consumption are both illegal, an individual who was found to have ordered psilocybin mushrooms over the internet was fined 1500 Euros and was not given time in prison. |
Czech Republic | Illegal (decriminalized) | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal (decriminalized) | Possession of drugs for personal use and cultivation of plants and mushrooms containing a narcotic or psychotropic substance "in a small quantity" are excluded from criminal prosecution. These violations of law are punished by administrative law as a misdemeanour (Act No. 200/1990 Coll., Act of Violations).[52] |
Denmark | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | The sale and possession of psilocybin have long been illegal; however the growing/collecting, processing, sale, and possession of psilocybin mushrooms was legal until 1 July 2001, when the Danish Ministry of Health prohibited them. |
Estonia | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Both psilocybin and mushrooms are explicitly banned in Estonia according to Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act.[53] |
Finland | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | As of 1 September 2008, the new 1st section of the 50th chapter of the penal code specially prohibits (attempt of) growing Psilocybe mushrooms. |
France | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal, but spores are always legal | In France, psilocybin mushrooms have been listed as a narcotic since 1 June 1966; thus, possession, use, transportation and collection are subject to criminal sanctions. |
Germany | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal, but spores are legal for microscopy.[54] | Illegal if for the purpose of intoxication.[53] |
Greece | Illegal unless treated as psilocin | Illegal unless treated as psilocin | Illegal | Legal for private human consumption but not for sale, can be treated as psilocin as psilocybin could be legal or lawful | Cultivation is prohibited. For sale and possession, hallucinogenic mushrooms may be treated as psilocin. |
Hong Kong | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Cultivation is prohibited, and sale and possession is illegal. |
Hungary | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | In Hungary, mushrooms are specifically illegal under Art. 282 of the Penal Code, as they are treated as psilocin.[53] |
Iceland | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | According to article 6 of the Illegal substance act, Psilocybin, DMT, Mescaline, LSD and Cannabis among other psychedelics are completely illegal in Iceland regardless of purpose.[55] |
India | Illegal (unenforced) | Illegal (unenforced) | Illegal (unenforced) | Illegal (unenforced) | Psilocybin mushrooms are officially illegal in India, but their prohibition is poorly enforced due to a lack of awareness among authorities.[56] While there have been arrests on record, they are infrequent, and many areas in India are considered unofficial "psychedelic tourism" destinations.[57][58] |
Indonesia | Illegal (unenforced) | Illegal (unenforced) | Illegal (unenforced) | Illegal (unenforced) | Psilocybin mushrooms are illegal, classified as illegal drug type 1 with capital punishment. But currently law enforcements have been done more frequently[59] Psilocybin mushrooms are advertised openly by cafes in Bali[60][61] and the Gili Islands.[62][60] |
Ireland | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal (unenforced) | Until 31 January 2006, unprepared psilocybin mushrooms were legal in Republic of Ireland. On that date they were made illegal by a ministerial order [1]. This decision was partly based on the death of Dubliner Colm Hodkinson, age 33, who jumped to his death from a balcony on 30 October 2005, after consuming legally purchased psilocybin mushrooms along with alcohol and marijuana.[63][64] |
Israel | Illegal (Illegal for personal consumption) | Illegal (Illegal for personal consumption) | Illegal (Illegal for personal consumption) | Illegal (Illegal for personal consumption) | According to Israeli drug laws, psilocybin and psilocin are illegal, but psilocybin-containing mushrooms are legal for possession, cultivation and sale as long as they are not used for the purpose of personal use.[65] There have been records of people being arrested for growing and selling large quantities of magic mushrooms for recreational purposes in the country.[66] |
Italy | Illegal (decriminalized) | Illegal (decriminalized) | Illegal (decriminalized) | Illegal (decriminalized) | Spores are legal to buy, sell and possess. Grow kits are illegal. |
Jamaica | Legal for consumption but not for sale | Illegal | Legal | Legal for private use | Psilocybin mushrooms have never been made illegal and are openly sold.[67] Jamaican company Rose Hill touts itself as largest cultivator of magic mushrooms.[68] |
Japan | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal (Spores are legal) | Prior to 2002, psilocybin mushrooms were widely available in Japan and were often sold in mail-order shops, online vendors and in head shops throughout Japan; according to Hideo Eno of Japan's Health Ministry narcotics division, prior to 2002, "You can find them [psilocybin mushrooms] anywhere."[69] In June 2002, Japan Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry added psilocybin mushrooms to Schedule Narcotics of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drug Control Law, possibly in preparation for the World Cup, and in response to a widely reported case of mushroom poisoning. Use, production, trafficking, growing or possession of psilocybin mushrooms is now illegal in Japan. Metropolitan Police Officer says that spores are legal where it does not contain psilocybin.[70] |
Laos | Illegal (unenforced) | Illegal (unenforced) | Illegal (unenforced) | Illegal (unenforced) | Psilocybin mushrooms are illegal, but openly sold in businesses, specifically in Vang Vieng.[71] |
Latvia | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Growing Psilocybin mushrooms is illegal in Latvia under S. 256 of the Penal Code, in case of a repeated offence. Both possession and sale of them are considered as a narcotic substance.[53] |
Lithuania | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | In Lithuania, growing is prohibited under Art. 265 of the Penal Code, possession and sale are illegal under Administrative and Penal codes.[53] |
Luxembourg | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | In Luxembourg, mushrooms are considered sources of psilocybin and psilocin and hence subject to legal persecution.[53] |
Mexico | Illegal (unenforced if in native culture) | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal (Grow kits, spores, and mycelium legal, unenforced when is grown in the nature and in the outdoor in the wild.) | Psilocin and psilocybin are prohibited under the Ley General de Salud of 1984, which also specifically mentions psilocybin-containing fungi as being covered by the law, and mentions Psilocybe mexicana and Psilocybe cubensis in particular.[72] However, these laws are rarely, if ever, enforced against indigenous users of psychoactive fungi. The Mexican government has also specifically taken the position that wild occurrence of Psilocybe does not constitute drug production. Mushroom spores and grow kits in Mexico are legal and are sold openly on the Internet.[73] Various political parties proposed to reclassify psilocybin mushrooms, enabling scientific research.[74] |
Moldova | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Psilocin/psilotsin and Psilocibin are present in the official list of prohibited substances.[75][76] |
Nepal | Legal | Legal | Legal | Legal | Magic Mushrooms are uncontrolled substances in the Everest Mountain country[77] |
Netherlands | Legal as truffle | Legal as truffle | Legal as truffle | Legal as truffles (Active cultures of mycelium and spores legal) | Since December 2008, possession of both dry and fresh psychoactive mushrooms has been forbidden by law. The Openbaar Ministerie – the Dutch prosecutor's office – stated that prosecution shall be started on possession of 0.5g dried or 5g fresh psychoactive mushrooms. Possession of these minor amounts is allowed and will not lead to a criminal charge.[78] Before December 2008, unprocessed psychoactive mushrooms were not covered under the opium law, making them legal to possess, consume and sell, and could be bought in "smart shops" which specialize in ethnobotanicals. Although a legal loophole not outlawing psychoactive mushroom species as truffles has led to the widespread sale of these "Magic Truffles" in smart shops across the nation. Since September 2019, magic truffles are fully taxed and legalized.[79] |
New Zealand | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | In New Zealand, psilocybin and psilocine are class A drugs, putting them in the highest class of illicit compounds along with heroin and LSD. The 'Misuse of drugs act 1975' lists 'Conocybe, Panaeolus, or Psilocybe' species specifically.[80] |
Norway | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | In Norway, magic mushrooms are specifically outlawed according to explicit regulation regarding narcotics.[53] |
Philippines | legal (ambiguous) | Illegal (ambiguous) | Illegal (ambiguous) | legal (ambiguous) | The legal status of the Psilocybin mushrooms as a drug came into light when high school students were reportedly hospitalized after consuming the mushrooms for their psychedelic property in 2019.[81][82] Psilocybin mushrooms themselves are not in the "list of drugs included in schedule" under the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 and therefore the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) can't arrest the students and only issue an advisory against the use of the mushrooms at best.[83] The Philippines is a signatory of the United Nations Convention on Narcotic Drugs which lists psilocybin as a Schedule I substance.[84]
However, the PDEA has conducted arrests of illegal drug peddlers who also sold psilocybin mushrooms alongside other illegal substances in the past.[85][86] |
Poland | Illegal (Illegal when containing psilocybin/psilocin. Legal when contains muscimol, ibotenic acid, muscarin or any other psychoactive or psychotropic substance that isn't psilocybin or psilocin) | Illegal (Illegal when containing psilocybin/psilocin. Legal when contains muscimol, ibotenic acid, muscarin or any other psychoactive or psychotropic substance that isn't psilocybin or psilocin) | Illegal (Illegal when containing psilocybin/psilocin. Legal when contains muscimol, ibotenic acid, muscarin or any other psychoactive or psychotropic substance that isn't psilocybin or psilocin) | Illegal providing mushrooms contain psilocybin or psilocin. Grow kits, spores, and mycelium therefore legal. | Psilocybin and psilocin are listed illegal, but not the fungal species themselves.[87] Mushroom spore kits and grow kits are legal and are sold openly in stores. |
Portugal | Illegal (decriminalized) | Illegal (decriminalized) | Illegal (decriminalized) | Illegal (decriminalized) | The Drug policy of Portugal has decriminalized possession of all drugs.[88] |
Romania | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Psilocybin in any form is illegal. |
Russia | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal, but spores are always legal | Psilocybin in any form is illegal. |
Samoa | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | According to the Samoan 1967 Narcotics Act[89] possession of Psilocybin containing mushrooms is illegal plus psilocybin and psilocin are classified as Class A narcotics. |
Serbia | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Psilocybin in any form is illegal. |
Slovakia | Illegal (ambiguous) | Illegal (ambiguous) | Illegal (ambiguous) | Illegal (ambiguous) | There is little legal experience in Slovakia on the legal evaluation of magic mushrooms, making their legality somewhat ambiguous. Low quantities could possibly be treated as psilocin in the country, but large quantities may be considered as a "preparation" of a drug trafficking offence, which has the same sentence as an offence actually committed.[53] |
Slovenia | Illegal could be treated as psylocine | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal could be treated as psylocine | In Slovenia, mushrooms are illegal, since they are considered as psilocin.[53] |
South Africa | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Legal (Grow kits and spores are legal) | Psilocin (4-hydroxydimethyltryptamine) and Psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) are listed as Undesirable Dependence-Producing Substances.[90] Spores - which do not contain Psilocin or Psilocybin - may be legal to purchase, own or sell. |
Spain | Illegal (Decriminalized for personal use in a private place) | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal (Decriminalized for personal use in a private place) | Psilocybin mushrooms are noted to be illegal to sell, and its possession and cultivation legal when treated as mushrooms.[91] Possession, production and distribution of psilocybin is illegal, but its consumption in private places is decriminalized.[92][93] This makes the legality of psilocybin mushrooms, grow kits and spores ambiguous and usually it is based on the intent of use and the judge's interpretation of the law.[94] |
Sri Lanka | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Legal for public interests and research or experiments | Although their presence and usage are extremely rare in the country, psilocybin mushrooms are also banned in Sri Lanka. In 2016, a local woman was arrested and became famous for illegally importing magic mushrooms from the United States, worth about Rs 250,000, and trafficking them for a select group of people.[95] |
Sweden | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Spores (and grow kits) are legal, it is legal to grow mycelium but not fruit bodies. |
|
Switzerland | Illegal, but decriminalized possession is punishable with a spot fine | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal |
Although psilocybin and psilocin have long been listed as controlled substances in Switzerland, mushrooms themselves were only specifically banned in 2002, initially by the Swiss Agency for Therapeutic Products and later, by a revision of the Swiss Narcotics Act in 2008. Until 2002, magic mushrooms were readily available in Switzerland and, according to a Swiss medical agency, their ban was an attempt to prevent their increasing popularity in the country. However, some local health and legal authorities have criticized magic mushroom's prohibition, since surveys have showed that it had little impact on decreasing their consumption in the country.[99][100] |
Taiwan | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | In Taiwan, psilocybin mushrooms are illegal. They are considered a Category 2 drug, alongside marijuana and amphetamine.[101] |
Thailand | Illegal (unenforced) | Illegal (unenforced) | Illegal (unenforced) | Illegal (unenforced) | Psilocybin mushrooms are illegal, but are commonly sold openly in businesses. The Thai government plans to grow psilocybin-containing mushrooms for the purposes of researching their potential therapeutic effects. If the studies are successful, psilocybin-containing mushrooms could be removed from the country's ‘Category 5’ narcotics list.[102] |
Turkey | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal (Spores are legal for microscopy) | In Turkey magic mushrooms are treated as psilocybin which is illegal. The sale, growth and possession can lead to prosecution. |
Ukraine | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal (Spores are legal) | Psilocybin in any form is illegal. According to the Ukrainian Criminal Code, fetal bodies of fungi containing psilocybin are considered a psychotropic substance, and the dose, which entails criminal liability, is 0.01 g of psilocybin, is about 30-40 g of fresh mushrooms. However, the legislation does not prohibit the sale of mushroom spores for cultivation for the purpose of collecting.[103] |
United Kingdom | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal (Spores are legal for microscopy) | From 18 July 2005[104] both fresh and "prepared" (that is, dried, cooked or made into a tea) psilocybin mushrooms became illegal in the United Kingdom; fresh mushrooms had previously been widely available, even in shops, but section 21 of the Drugs Act 2005 made fresh psychedelic mushrooms ("fungi containing psilocybin"), a Class A drug.[105] Possession and use of psilocybin and psilocin is prohibited since the 2005 Act, but mushroom spores, which do not contain psilocybin, are not regulated.Grow kits can be bought legally through specialised websites because they do not contain psilocybin and psilocin.[1] |
United States | Illegal (Decriminalized in Seattle, Washington; Ann Arbor, Michigan; Oakland and Santa Cruz, California; Somerville and Cambridge, Massachusetts; Oregon; and Washington D.C.) (Legal in Colorado[106]) | Illegal (Sales between permitted medical entities might be allowed in certain cities and states where it is decriminalized.[106]) | Illegal (Decriminalized in Seattle, Washington; Ann Arbor, Michigan; Oakland and Santa Cruz, California; Somerville and Cambridge, Massachusetts; Oregon; and Washington D.C.) (Legal in Colorado[106]) | Illegal (Spores are legal in most states, full cultivation decriminalized in Seattle, Washington; Ann Arbor, Michigan; Oakland and Santa Cruz, California; Somerville and Cambridge, Massachusetts; Oregon; and Washington D.C.) (Legal in Colorado[106]) | Schedule I drugs psilocin and psilocybin. Spores, which do not contain psychoactive chemicals, are explicitly illegal in Georgia, Idaho, and California (unlisted states unverified).[107][108][109] In the rest of the country, it is not illegal to just sell the spores, but selling them with the purpose of producing hallucinogenic mushrooms is illegal.[110][111] Except for ornamental purposes, growing, selling or possessing Psilocybe spp. and Conocybe spp. is prohibited by Louisiana State Act 159.
The cities of Denver, Colorado,[112] Oakland, California,[113] Santa Cruz, California, and Ann Arbor, Michigan have decriminalized the drug.[114][115][116] On 3 November 2020 during 2020 US presidential election, the state of Oregon voted in an initiative to legalize psilocybin for mental health treatment at licensed centers and to decriminalize the possession of small amounts of all drugs. The new law came into effect on 1 February 2021.[18] On the same day Washington, D.C. passed an initiative to decriminalize the cultivation and possession of "entheogenic plants and fungi".[117][118][119] In 2021, the City Councils of Somerville, Northampton, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Seattle, Washington, voted for decriminalization.[120][121][122] California introduced Senate Bill 58 in 2023 which would have decriminalized many psychedelics including psilocybin, but it was vetoed by Governor Newsom citing the need for 1) treatment and dosing guidelines, 2) rules to protect patients from being exploited during treatment, and 3) ways to make sure they have no underlying psychoses.[123] On 7 September 2022, San Francisco lawmakers had unanimously approved a measure calling for the decriminalization of the use of entheogenic plants.[124] On 8 November 2022, Colorado voters passed Proposition 122, the Natural Medicine Health Act, decriminalizing psilocybin (including psilocybin mushrooms), psilocin, dimethyltryptamine (also known as DMT), ibogaine, and mescaline, for those aged 21 and over. This also legalized licensed "healing centers" where patients can experience psilocybin under supervision (which may also be expanded to include DMT, ibogaine, and mescaline), also only for those aged 21 and over. The initiative also allows those 21 and older to grow, possess and share the psychedelic substances but not sell them for personal use, effective immediately. The regulated natural medicine access program or "healing centers" will be established no later than the end of 2024.[125][126][106] | In the United States, possession of psilocybin-containing mushrooms is illegal because they contain the
Uruguay | Decriminalized | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | In Uruguay, psilocybin and psilocin are mentioned in the federal list of controlled substances;Uruguay was first country in South America to decriminalize possession of all and every drug.[127] According to Decreto N° 403/016, all fungal species of the Psilocybe sp. genus are illegal to sell as a medicinal compound, and other psilocybin-containing fungi genera, such as Copelandia, Pluteus and Conocybe are also mentioned in the document.[128] |
Vietnam | Illegal (unenforced) | Illegal (unenforced), Magic mushrooms are sold and supplied openly | Illegal (unenforced) | Illegal (unenforced) Legal for medical or scientific research | In Vietnam, psilocybin and psilocin were added to the list of banned substances in 2018 through Decree 73.[129] magic mushrooms for ornamental uses made by people or scientific research made by physicians or psychonauts isn't fully legal in Vietnam. |
See also
- Psilocybin decriminalization in the United States
- Legal status of psychoactive Amanita mushrooms
- Legal status of ayahuasca by country
- Legal status of ibogaine by country
- Legal status of psychoactive cactus by country
- Legal status of Salvia divinorum
References
- ^ a b "List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF). International Narcotics Control Board. August 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 December 2005. Retrieved 25 June 2007.
- ^ Griffiths & Grob, Roland R. & Charles S. "Hallucinogens as Medicine" (PDF). Scientific American. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 October 2011. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
- ^ Szalavitz, Maia (16 June 2011). "'Magic Mushrooms' Can Improve Psychological Health Long Term". Time. Archived from the original on 21 April 2013. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
- ^ Griffiths, Roland R. (2011). "Psilocybin occasioned mystical-type experiences: immediate and persisting dose-related effects". Psychopharmacology. 218 (4): 649–665. doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2358-5. PMC 3308357. PMID 21674151.
- ^ Jerome, Lisa. "Psilocybin Investigator's Brochure" (PDF). MAPS. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2013. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
- ^ Schaepe, Herbert (13 September 2001). "UN's INCB Psilocybin Mushroom Policy". Erowid.org. Archived from the original on 12 November 2009. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
As you are aware, mushrooms containing the above substances are collected and used for their hallucinogenic effects. As a matter of international law, no plants (natural material) containing psilocin and psilocybin are at present controlled under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971. Consequently, preparations made of these plants are not under international control and, therefore, not subject of the articles of the 1971 Convention [emphasis added]. Criminal cases are decided with reference to domestic law, which may otherwise provide for controls over mushrooms containing psilocine and psilocybin. As the Board can only speak as to the contours of the international drug conventions, I am unable to provide an opinion on the litigation in question.
(Letter from Secretary of the UN International Narcotics Control Board to the Dutch Ministry of Health) - ^ "Psilocybin Spores are Not Controlled". Home Cultivation Association of New York. 2 January 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f Boire RG (2002). Sacred Mushrooms and the Law. Berkeley, California: Ronin Publishing. ISBN 978-1-57951-061-9.
- ^ a b "List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF) (23rd ed.). Vienna, Austria: International Narcotics Control Board. August 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 December 2005.
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Further reading
- International Legal Status of Psilocybin Mushrooms Ananda Schouten, 2004