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===Culture=== |
===Culture=== |
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The League defines Southern culture "in opposition to the corrupt mainstream American culture."<ref name="Core"/> It sees Southern culture as profoundly [[Christianity|Christian]], and [[pro-life]].<ref>"Southerners have respect for human life, in all its stages, as a gift from [[God]]." This language is often used by groups opposed to legal [[abortion]] and [[euthanasia]].</ref> Furthermore, the League believes that Southern culture places a greater emphasis on immediate relationships than on abstract ideas (the nation, the environment, the global community, etc.) and that Southern geography "defines character and worldview."<ref name="Core"/> |
The League defines Southern culture "in opposition to the corrupt mainstream American culture."<ref name="Core"/> It sees Southern culture as profoundly [[Christianity|Christian]], and [[pro-life]].<ref>"Southerners have respect for human life, in all its stages, as a gift from [[God]]." This language is often used by groups opposed to legal [[abortion]] and [[euthanasia]].</ref> Furthermore, the League believes that Southern culture places a greater emphasis on immediate relationships than on abstract ideas (the nation, the environment, the global community, etc.) and that Southern geography "defines character and worldview."<ref name="Core"/> |
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===Social=== |
===Social=== |
Revision as of 16:12, 6 December 2010
The League of the South is a Southern nationalist organization, headquartered in Killen, Alabama, which states that its ultimate goal is "a free and independent Southern republic."[1] The group defines the Southern United States as the states that made up the former Confederacy.[2] While political independence ranks highly among the group's goals, it is also a religious and social movement, advocating a return to a more traditionally conservative, Protestant Christian-oriented, white supremacist Southern culture. The organization is labeled a hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Center.
History
The organization was formed in 1994 by Michael Hill and others, including attorney Jack Kershaw.[3] The League of the South was named in reference to the League of United Southerners, a group organized in 1858 to shape Southern public opinion.[4]
Views
As noted, the League promotes the "independence of the Southern people" from the "American empire"[5] and this on a variety of levels: culturally, economically, socially, and politically. It has been described as using Celtic mythology "belligerently against what is perceived as a politically correct celebration of multicultural Southern diversity"[6] and as white supremacist.[7][8]
Culture
The League defines Southern culture "in opposition to the corrupt mainstream American culture."[5] It sees Southern culture as profoundly Christian, and pro-life.[9] Furthermore, the League believes that Southern culture places a greater emphasis on immediate relationships than on abstract ideas (the nation, the environment, the global community, etc.) and that Southern geography "defines character and worldview."[5] hi
Social
According to the League, Southern society differs greatly from what it sees as the Marxist and egalitarian society lacking "any grace or charm" that its "alien [American] occupier" seeks to "impress upon it."[5] Southern culture, for the League, is hierarchical, based on the Bible and decidedly anti-feminist.[10] While the League's Core Beliefs Statement does not mention gay rights, it notes that Southern culture "stigmatizes perversity".[5] It also values politeness—"Southern Hospitality."
Economics
The League of the South's economic views are best characterized as free market. It is opposed to fiat currency, personal income taxation, central banking, property taxes and most state regulation of business. The League supports sales taxes and user fees.[5] However, some League members, such as John Cobin, support the use of voluntary taxes like user fees and lotteries to finance government.[11]
Politics
Seeking support in the American Declaration of Independence, the League believes the "Southern people" have the right to secede from the United States, and that they "must throw off the yoke of imperial [federal, or central government] oppression".[5] The League promotes a Southern Confederation of sovereign, independent States that "work together... to conduct foreign affairs". It believes that the South's foreign policy should favor neutrality and trade with all states.[12] Furthermore, the League favors strictly limited immigration, opposes standing armies and any regulation whatsoever of firearms.[5] Though the ultimate goal of the League is to create an independent Southern nation, it sees this aim as the final step in an ongoing process:
Once we have planted the seeds of cultural, economic, and social renewal, then (and only then), should we begin to look to the South's political renewal. Political independence will come only when we have convinced the Southern people that they are indeed a nation in the historical, organic, and Biblical sense of the word, namely, that they are a distinct people with language, mores, and folkways that separate them from the rest of the world.[13]
The League's current official activities focus on recruiting and encouraging "cultural secession" and "withholding our support from all institutions and objects of popular culture that are antithetical to our beliefs and heritage."[14] In November 2006 its representatives attended the First North American Secessionist Convention which brought together secessionists from a broad political spectrum.[15] In October 2007 it co-hosted the Second North American Secessionist Convention in Chattanooga, Tennessee.[16]
Controversy
The issue of race has become a source of controversy about, and dispute within, the League of the South. In the Summer of 2000 the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) labeled League of the South a "racist hate group" and issued a report filled with allegations of racist statements, especially by the League's President Michael Hill.[18] According to a news article, Hill "welcomed the designation as a 'badge of honor'" and stated SPLC has "a very leftist agenda, these sorts of things are designed to discredit you publicly."[19]
In response to these types of allegations, the League of the South Board of Directors in 2005 issued a "Statement on 'Racism'" stating in part: “We believe that Christianity and social order require that all people, regardless of race, must be equal before the law. We do not believe that the law should be used to persecute, oppress, or favor any race or class. We believe that the only harmony possible between the races, as between all natural differences among human beings, begins in submitting to Jesus Christ's commandment to 'love our neighbours as ourselves.' That is the world we envision and work for."
During the 2006 First North American Secessionist Convention when the issue of the League of the South and racism was raised, Don Kennedy, identified as "a leader of the League of the South", stated: "How can you believe in liberty and discriminate against your neighbor? Equality before the law is something we want, and we're on the record for that."[20] News stories about the Second North American Secessionist Convention also mentioned the SPLC's allegations, as well as skeptical responses from convention attendees. Convention organizer Kirkpatrick Sale responded: "They call everybody racists. There are, no doubt, racists in the League of the South, and there are, no doubt, racists everywhere."[21]
Members
The League's Board of Directors is composed of Michael Hill, Jack Kershaw, Ray McBerry, Franklin Sanders, Rev. Eugene Cas, Mark Thomey, Mike Tuggle.[22] Among the founding members were Thomas Fleming, Grady McWhiney and Clyde Wilson.[23] Other prominent individuals who have been LoS members include Constitution Party presidential candidate Michael Peroutka (who was endorsed by the League),[24] Michael Andrew Grissom,[23] and Thomas Woods.[25] Some prominent members, such as Woods and McWhiney, appear to have subsequently limited or ended their involvement with the organization.
See also
- List of active autonomist and secessionist movements
- Military Order of the Stars and Bars
- Separatism
- Sons of Confederate Veterans
- Southern literature
- Christian Exodus
References
- ^ League of the South website
- ^ "The US Civil War as a Theological War: Confederate Christian Nationalism and the League of the South"
- ^ Martin, Douglas. "Jack Kershaw Is Dead at 96; Challenged Conviction in King’s Death", The New York Times, September 24, 2010. Accessed September 25, 2010.
- ^ League of the South homepage
- ^ a b c d e f g h League Core Beliefs Statement
- ^ Jones, Susan Whitmore (2002). South to a new place: region, literature, culture. Louisiana State University. p. 341. ISBN 978-0807128404.
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suggested) (help) - ^ Walkowitz, Daniel J. (2005). Memory and the impact of political transformation in public space. Duke University Press. p. 39. ISBN 978-0822333647.
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suggested) (help) - ^ "Southerners have respect for human life, in all its stages, as a gift from God." This language is often used by groups opposed to legal abortion and euthanasia.
- ^ ibid – "Husbands are the heads of their families," "Perpetuates the chivalric ideal of manhood"
- ^ See Cobin, Christian Theology of Public Policy: Highlighting the American Experience (Alertness Books, 2006).
- ^ ibid – "commerce and friendship with all, entangling alliances with none"
- ^ The Grand Strtegy
- ^ League of the South FAQ
- ^ Gary Shapiro, “Modern-Day Secessionists Will Hold a Conference on Leaving the Union,” The New York Sun, September 27, 2006, 6; Paul Nussbaum, “Coming together to ponder pulling apart, Latter-day secessionists of all stripes convene in Vermont, Philadelphia Inquirer, November 6, 2006.
- ^ Bill Poovey, Secessionists Meeting in Tennessee, Associated Press, reprinted in The Guardian, October 3, 2007; Leonard Doyle, Anger over Iraq and Bush prompts calls for secession from the US, Independent, UK, October 4, 2007; WDEF News 12 Video report on Secessionist Convention, October 3, 2007. The Third North American Secessionist Convention will be held in Manchester, New Hampshire, on November 14–16, 2008.
- ^ League webpage on Confederate flags
- ^ SPLC article on League of South; also see SPLC article on Michael Hill.
- ^ John DeSantis, Civil War revisionism all cited by watchdog group, from The Sun Herald, September 7, 2000, reproduced at RickRoss.Com.
- ^ Paul Nussbaum Philadelphia Inquirer' article November 6, 2006.
- ^ Bill Poovey, Associated Press, October 3, 2007; Leonard Doyle, Independent, UK, October 4, 2007.
- ^ The League's website
- ^ a b "The Neo-Confederates" Southern Poverty Law Center
- ^ "League of the South Endorses Michael A. Peroutka for President of these united States" accessed October 25, 2007
- ^ "Behind the Jeffersonian Veneer" Reason Magazine, June 2005