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According to [[The Daily Telegraph|''The Daily Telegraph'']], the declaration "enraged and galvanized" conservative politicians and conservative media in Poland, the "LGBT ideology-free zone" declarations emerging as a reaction to the Warsaw declaration. The British newspaper further argues that the traditional establishment is fearful of a liberal transition that may erode the [[Catholic Church in Poland|Catholic Church's power in Poland]] like the transition around the [[Catholic Church in Ireland|Irish Church]]. Decreasing Church attendance, rising secularization, and [[Catholic Church sexual abuse cases by country#Poland|sexual abuse scandals]] have put pressure on the conservative position.<ref name="Telegraph20190809"/>
In May 2019, Polish police arrested civil-rights activist [[Elżbieta Podleśna]] for putting up posters of the [[Black Madonna of Częstochowa]] with the halo painted rainbow colours for the charge of [[Blasphemy law#Poland|offending religious sentiment]], which is illegal in Poland.<ref name="Balkan20190626">{{cite web|last1=Ciobanu|first1=Claudia|date=26 June 2019|title='FOREIGN IDEOLOGY': POLAND'S POPULISTS TARGET LGBT RIGHTS|url=https://balkaninsight.com/2019/06/26/save-the-children/|website=[[Balkan Insight]]}}</ref><ref name="BBC20190514">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-48257706|title=LGBT Virgin Mary triggers Polish activist's detention|publisher=BBC News|date=14 May 2019}}</ref>
In August 2019, the [[Archbishop of Kraków]] [[Marek Jędraszewski]] said "LGBT ideology" were like a "rainbow plague" in a sermon commemorating the [[Warsaw uprising]].<ref name="FT20190811">{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/e815df96-bb8f-11e9-89e2-41e555e96722|title=Poland's ruling party fuels anti-LGBT sentiment ahead of elections|newspaper=[[Financial Times]]|date=11 August 2019}}</ref><ref name="euronews20190808">{{cite news|url=https://www.euronews.com/2019/08/08/activists-warn-poland-s-lgbt-community-is-under-attack-the-cube?PageSpeed=noscript|title=Activists warn Poland's LGBT community is 'under attack'|agency=Euronews|date=8 August 2019}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/justice/church-poland-continues-confrontation-lgbtq-community|title=Church in Poland continues confrontation with the LGBTQ community|last=Luxmoore|first=Jonathan|date=August 19, 2019|website=National Catholic Reporter|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=August 19, 2019}}</ref> Not long after, a drag queen simulated Jędraszewski's murder on stage, stirring controversy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rmf24.pl/fakty/polska/news-drag-queen-symulowal-zabojstwo-jedraszewskiego-kep-i-rpo-kom,nId,3148989|title=Drag queen "symulował zabójstwo" Jędraszewskiego. KEP i RPO komentują kontrowersyjny występ|trans-title=Drag queen "simulated the murder" of Jędraszewski: KEP and RPO comment on the controversial performance|last=|first=|date=August 14, 2019|website=Rmf24.pl|language=pl|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=August 20, 2019}}</ref>
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== Declarations ==
LGBT ideology-free zone motions have been made by Polish [[gmina]]s (municipalities),<ref name="Wapo20190719">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/polands-right-wing-ruling-party-has-found-a-new-targetlgbt-ideology/2019/07/19/775f25c6-a4ad-11e9-a767-d7ab84aef3e9_story.html|title=Polish towns advocate 'LGBT ideology-free' zones while the ruling party cheers them on|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=21 July 2019}} [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/poland-lgbt-free-zones-homophobia-hate-speech-law-justice-party-a9013551.html reprint at ''The Independent'']</ref><ref name="CBC20190727">{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/day6/britain-s-other-new-leader-impeach-o-meter-mister-rogers-radical-theology-lgbt-free-zones-in-poland-more-1.5224060/why-lgbt-free-zones-are-on-the-rise-in-poland-1.5224067|title=Why 'LGBT-free zones' are on the rise in Poland|publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]]|date=27 July 2019}}</ref> [[powiat]]s (counties),<ref name="TVN20190722"/> and [[voivodeship]]s (provinces)<ref name="Telegraph20190809">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/08/09/lgbtq-activists-poland-battle-growing-hostility-countrys-powerful/|title=Polish ruling party whips up LGBTQ hatred ahead of elections amid 'gay-free' zones and Pride march attacks|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=9 August 2019}}</ref> who declared the regions under their control as free of "[[LGBT]] ideology" in reaction to the Warsaw declaration.<ref name="NYT20190727">{{cite news|date=27 July 2019|title=Anti-Gay Brutality in a Polish Town Blamed on Poisonous Propaganda|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/27/world/europe/gay-pride-march-poland-violence.html}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> While unenforceable, activists say the declared zones represent attempts to exclude the LGBT community
In March 2019, the town of [[Świdnik]] in eastern Poland passed a resolution rejecting "LGBT ideology".<ref name="Reuters20190521">{{cite news|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-eu-election-poland/polish-towns-go-lgbt-free-ahead-of-bitter-european-election-campaign-idUKKCN1SR0XV|title=Polish towns go 'LGBT free' ahead of bitter European election campaign|agency=Reuters|first1=Marcin|last1=Goclowski|first2=Anna|last2=Wlodarczak-Semczuk|date=21 May 2019}}</ref>
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{{as of|2019|August}}, around 30 different LGBT ideology-free zones have been declared in Poland, including four [[voivodeship]]s in the south-east of the country:<ref name="Wapo20190719"/><ref name="Wyborcza20190719"/><ref name=":1" /><ref name="TVN20190722"/> [[Lesser Poland Voivodeship|Lesser Poland]], [[Podkarpackie Voivodeship|Podkarpackie]], [[Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship|Świętokrzyskie]], and [[Lublin Voivodeship|Lublin]].<ref name="Wyborcza20190719">{{cite news|url=http://krakow.wyborcza.pl/krakow/7,44425,25008005,krakowski-magistrat-odpowiada-na-homofobiczny-akt-gazety-polskiej.html|title=Krakowski magistrat odpowiada na homofobiczny akt "Gazety Polskiej"|trans-title=The Krakow municipality responds to the homophobic act of "Gazeta Polska"|language=pl|newspaper=[[Gazeta Wyborcza]]|location=Krakow|date=19 July 2019}}</ref> The four Voivodeships form the [[Poland A and B|"historically conservative" part of Poland]].<ref name="CBC20190727" />
[[Powiat|Powiats]] adopting such measures include: [[Białystok County]], [[Jarosław County]], [[Lesko County]], [[Lubaczów County]], [[Mielec County]], [[Puławy County]], [[Ryki County]], [[Świdnik County]], [[Tarnów County]], and [[Zamość County]].<ref name="onet20190723">{{cite web|url=https://lublin.onet.pl/gdzie-w-polsce-przyjeto-uchwaly-przeciw-ideologii-lgbt/9c83glx|title=Gdzie w Polsce przyjęto uchwały przeciw "ideologii LGBT"?|trans-title=Where in Poland were the resolutions adopted against "LGBT ideology"?|language=pl|publisher=ONET|date=23 July 2019}}</ref>
{{As of|2020|February|df=}}, local governments controlling a third of Poland officially declared themselves as "LGBT ideology free zones", pledging to refrain from encouraging tolerance or funding NGOs working for LGBT rights.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2020/02/25/third-of-poland-lgbt-free-zone-atlas-of-hate-homophobia/|title=A third of Poland has now been declared an 'LGBT-free zone', making intolerance official|date=2020-02-25|website=PinkNews - Gay news, reviews and comment from the world's most read lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans news service|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref>
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[[File:02019 0895 Rzeszów Pride.jpg|thumb|June 2019 [[Rzeszów]] equality march]]
[[File:02019 1173 Rzeszów Pride.jpg|thumb|Marching under a large [[Rainbow flag (LGBT)|rainbow flag]] canopy in Rzeszów.]]
In [[Rzeszów]], after LGBT activists submitted a request to hold a [[pride march]], PiS councillors drafted a resolution to make Rzeszów an "LGBT-ideology free zone" as well as outlaw the event itself.<ref name="Balkan20190626" /> Some 29 requests for counter-demonstrations reached city hall, which led mayor Tadeusz Ferenc, of the opposition [[Democratic Left Alliance]], to ban the march due to security concerns.<ref name="Balkan20190626" /> The ban was then overturned by a court ruling.<ref name="Balkan20190626" /
Following the violent events in the first [[Białystok equality march]]<ref name="CBC20190727"/><ref name="CNN20190721">{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/07/21/europe/bialystok-polish-lgbtq-pride-intl/index.html|title=Polish city holds first LGBTQ equality march despite far-right violence|publisher=CNN|date=21 July 2019}}</ref> and the ''Gazeta Polska'' stickers a demonstration for tolerance was held in [[Gdańsk]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/news/world/article/Right-wing-Polish-magazine-slammed-for-anti-LGBT-14118983.php|title=Right-wing Polish magazine slammed for anti-LGBT stickers|agency=Associated Press|publisher=San Francisco Chronicle|date=24 July 2019|access-date=21 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821151339/https://www.sfchronicle.com/news/world/article/Right-wing-Polish-magazine-slammed-for-anti-LGBT-14118983.php|archive-date=21 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> on 23 July 2019, with the slogan "zone free of zones" ({{lang-pl|Strefa wolna od stref}}).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://trojmiasto.wyborcza.pl/trojmiasto/7,35612,25021564,strefa-wolna-od-stref-w-gdansku-odbyl-sie-protest-przeciwko.html|title="Każdy równy, wszyscy różni". W Gdańsku odbył się protest przeciwko nienawiści|trans-title="Everyone is equal, everyone is different": A protest against hatred took place in Gdansk|language=pl|first1=Maciej|last1=Dzwonnik|newspaper=[[Gazeta Wyborcza]]|location=Tricity|date=23 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://dziennikbaltycki.pl/strefa-wolna-od-stref-manifestacja-przeciwko-nienawisci-w-gescie-solidarnosci-z-lgbt-w-gdansku-2307/ar/c1-14294763|title="Strefa wolna od stref" - manifestacja przeciwko nienawiści, w geście solidarności z LGBT w Gdańsku|trans-title="Zone free of zones" – a manifestation against hatred, in a gesture of solidarity with LGBT in Gdansk|language=pl|website=Dziennik Baltycki|date=23 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="Polityka20190723">{{cite news|url=https://www.polityka.pl/tygodnikpolityka/spoleczenstwo/1801490,1,solidarni-z-bialymstokiem-marsze-zbiorki-i-teczowasroda.read|title=Solidarni z Białymstokiem. Marsze, zbiórki i #TęczowaŚroda|trans-title=Solidarity with Bialystok: Marches, rebounds and #TęczowaŚroda|language=pl|newspaper=[[Polityka]]|date=23 July 2019}}</ref> In [[Szczecin]] a demonstration under the slogan of "hate-free zone" ({{lang-pl|Strefa wolna od nienawiści}}) took place,<ref name="Polityka20190723"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://szczecin.wyborcza.pl/szczecin/7,34939,25029552,szczecin-strefa-wolna-od-nienawisci-w-odpowiedzi-na-te-furie.html|title=Szczecin - strefa wolna od nienawiści! W odpowiedzi na tę furię, ten rynsztok|trans-title=Szczecin – a zone free from hatred! In response to this fury, this gutter|language=pl|newspaper=Gazeta Wyborcza|date=26 July 2019}}</ref> and in [[Łódź]] left-wing politicians handed out "hate-free zone" stickers.<ref name="Polityka20190723"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://lodz.wyborcza.pl/lodz/7,35136,25020614,lodz-razem-z-bialystokiem-rozdano-wlepki-strefa-wolna-od-nienawisci.html|title=Łódź razem z Białymstokiem. Rozdano wlepki "strefa wolna od nienawiści", będzie pikieta|trans-title=Łódź together with Białystok: "Hate Free Zone" stickers were distributed, there will be a picket|language=pl|newspaper=Gazeta Wyborcza|date=23 July 2019}}</ref>
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Revision as of 23:26, 17 July 2020
An "LGBT ideology-free zone" (Polish: Strefa wolna od ideologii LGBT)[5] also referred to as "LGBT free zone"[6][7][8][9][10] (Polish: Strefa wolna od LGBT)[11] refers to some regions of Poland which have declared themselves unwelcoming of an alleged "LGBT ideology." As of June 2020, some 100 municipalities (including five voivodships), encompassing about a third of the country, declared themselves "LGBT-free zones".[12]
While unenforceable and primarily symbolic, activists say the declarations represent an attempt to stigmatise LGBT people.[13][14]
On 18 December 2019, the European Parliament voted (463 to 107) in favour of condemning the more than 80 such zones in Poland.[6][15][16][17][18] In July 2020, the Provincial Administrative Courts (Polish: Wojewódzki Sąd Administracyjny) in Gliwice and Radom ruled that the "LGBT ideology free zones" established by the local authorities in Istebna and Klwów gminas respectively are null and void, stressing that they violate the constitution and are discriminatory against members of the LGBT community living in those counties.[19][20]
Background
In February 2019, Warsaw's liberal mayor Rafał Trzaskowski signed a declaration supporting LGBTQ rights,[14][21] and announced his intention to follow World Health Organization guidelines and integrate LGBT issues into the Warsaw school system sex education curricula.[14] Law and Justice (PiS) politicians objected to the program saying it would sexualize children.[22] PiS party leader Jarosław Kaczyński responded to the declaration, calling LGBT rights "an import" that threatens Poland.[23]
According to The Daily Telegraph, the declaration "enraged and galvanized" conservative politicians and conservative media in Poland, the "LGBT ideology-free zone" declarations emerging as a reaction to the Warsaw declaration. The British newspaper further argues that the traditional establishment is fearful of a liberal transition that may erode the Catholic Church's power in Poland like the transition around the Irish Church. Decreasing Church attendance, rising secularization, and sexual abuse scandals have put pressure on the conservative position.[14]
In May 2019, Polish police arrested civil-rights activist Elżbieta Podleśna for putting up posters of the Black Madonna of Częstochowa with the halo painted rainbow colours for the charge of offending religious sentiment, which is illegal in Poland.[24][25]
In August 2019, the Archbishop of Kraków Marek Jędraszewski said "LGBT ideology" were like a "rainbow plague" in a sermon commemorating the Warsaw uprising.[26][27][28] Not long after, a drag queen simulated Jędraszewski's murder on stage, stirring controversy.[29]
As of 2019, being openly gay in Poland's small towns and rural areas "[takes] increasing physical and mental fortitude" due to the efforts of Polish authorities and the Catholic Church, according to The Daily Telegraph.[14] Public perceptions, however, have been becoming more tolerant of gay people.[14][22] In 2001, 41 percent of Poles surveyed stated that "being gay wasn’t normal and shouldn’t be tolerated" whereas 24 percent said so in 2017. 5 percent said "being gay was normal" in 2001 while 16 percent said so in 2017.[22]
Declarations
LGBT ideology-free zone motions have been made by Polish gminas (municipalities),[1][13] powiats (counties),[30] and voivodeships (provinces)[14] who declared the regions under their control as free of "LGBT ideology" in reaction to the Warsaw declaration.[31][32] While unenforceable, activists say the declared zones represent attempts to exclude the LGBT community[13][14] and called the declarations "a statement saying that a specific kind of people is not welcome there."[13]
In March 2019, the town of Świdnik in eastern Poland passed a resolution rejecting "LGBT ideology".[22]
As of August 2019, around 30 different LGBT ideology-free zones have been declared in Poland, including four voivodeships in the south-east of the country:[1][2][4][30] Lesser Poland, Podkarpackie, Świętokrzyskie, and Lublin.[2] The four Voivodeships form the "historically conservative" part of Poland.[13]
Powiats adopting such measures include: Białystok County, Jarosław County, Lesko County, Lubaczów County, Mielec County, Puławy County, Ryki County, Świdnik County, Tarnów County, and Zamość County.[3]
As of February 2020, local governments controlling a third of Poland officially declared themselves as "LGBT ideology free zones", pledging to refrain from encouraging tolerance or funding NGOs working for LGBT rights.[33]
Law and Justice party
In the run-up to the 2019 Polish parliamentary election the party has focused on countering "LGBT ideology".[1] In 2019 rebuked the Warsaw mayor's pro-LGBTQ declaration as "an attack on the family and children" and stated that LGBTQ was an "imported" ideology.[14]
Stickers
The conservative Gazeta Polska newspaper issued "LGBT-free zone" stickers to readers.[34] The Polish opposition and diplomats, including US ambassador to Poland Georgette Mosbacher, condemned the stickers.[31][35] Gazeta editor in chief Tomasz Sakiewicz replied to the criticism with: "what is happening is the best evidence that LGBT is a totalitarian ideology".[35]
The Warsaw district court ordered that distribution of the stickers should halt pending the resolution of a court case.[36] However Gazeta's editor dismissed the ruling saying it was "fake news" and censorship, and that the paper would continue distributing the stickers.[37] Gazeta continued distribution of the stickers, but modified the decal to read "LGBT Ideology-Free Zone".[36]
In July Polish media chain Empik, the country's largest, refused to stock Gazeta Polska after it issued the stickers.[28] In August 2019, a show organized by the Gazeta Polska Community of America scheduled for October 24 in Carnegie Hall in New York was cancelled after complaints of anti-LGBT ties led to artists pulling out of the show.[38][39]
Demonstrations
In Rzeszów, after LGBT activists submitted a request to hold a pride march, PiS councillors drafted a resolution to make Rzeszów an "LGBT-ideology free zone" as well as outlaw the event itself.[24] Some 29 requests for counter-demonstrations reached city hall, which led mayor Tadeusz Ferenc, of the opposition Democratic Left Alliance, to ban the march due to security concerns.[24] The ban was then overturned by a court ruling.[24]
Following the violent events in the first Białystok equality march[13][40] and the Gazeta Polska stickers a demonstration for tolerance was held in Gdańsk[41] on 23 July 2019, with the slogan "zone free of zones" (Polish: Strefa wolna od stref).[42][43][44] In Szczecin a demonstration under the slogan of "hate-free zone" (Polish: Strefa wolna od nienawiści) took place,[44][45] and in Łódź left-wing politicians handed out "hate-free zone" stickers.[44][46]
Reactions
Support for declarations
Bożena Bieryło, a PiS councilwoman in Białystok County, said the legislation in Białystok county was required due to LGBT "provocations" and "demands" for sex education instruction.[31]
The national PiS party has encouraged the local declarations, with a PiS official handing out medals in Lublin to local politicians who supported the declarations.[1]
Criticism of declarations
In July 2019, Polish Ombudsman Adam Bodnar stated that "the government is increasing homophobic sentiments" with remarks "on the margins of hate speech".[1] Bodnar said he is preparing an appeal to the administrative court against the declarations, as according to Bodnar they are not only political but also have a normative character that affects the lives of people in the declared region.[30][47]
In July 2019, Warsaw city Councillor Marek Szolc and the Polish Society for Anti-Discrimination Law (PTPA) released a legal opinion stating that LGBT-free zone declarations stigmatize and exclude people, reminding of article 32 of the Constitution of Poland which guarantees equality and lack of discrimination.[32][48][49]
In August 2019, multiple LGBT community members stated that they feel unsafe in Poland.[27] The Razem party stated: "Remember how the right [were scared] of the so-called [Muslim] no-go zones? Thanks to the same right, we have our own no-go zones."[50][51]
Liberal politicians and media and human rights activists have compared the declarations to Nazi-era declarations of areas being judenfrei (free of Jews). Left-leaning Italian newspaper la Repubblica called it "a concept that evokes the term 'Judenfrei'".[52][53] Campaign Against Homophobia director Slava Melnyk compared the declarations to "1933, when there were also free zones from a specific group of people."[54] Warsaw's deputy president Paweł Rabiej tweeted, "The German fascists created zones free of Jews. Apartheid, of blacks."[34][55]
On the 18th of December 2019, the European Parliament voted (463 to 107) in favour of condemning the more than 80 LGBT-free zones in Poland. Parliament demanded that "Polish authorities to condemn these acts and to revoke all resolutions attacking LGBT rights". According to the EU Parliament the zones are part of "a broader context of attacks against the LGBT community in Poland, which include growing hate speech by public and elected officials and public media, as well as attacks and bans on Pride marches and actions such as 'Rainbow Fridays'.".[6][15][16][17][18]
Based upon numerous complaints that “some local governments have adopted discriminatory declarations and resolutions targeting LGBT people”, the European Commission wrote to the governors of five Voivodeships - Lublin, Łódź, Małopolska, Podkarpackie, and Świętokrzyskie - on 2 June 2020, instructing them to investigate local resolutions proclaiming LGBT ideology-free zones or a "Charter of Family Rights", and whether such resolutions constituted discriminatory actions towards LGBT-identifying people or not. [57]
The letter can be seen as an extension of the 2019 vote in European Parliament condemning the zones, as it notes that failure by Poland to adhere to common values of the European Union of “respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities”, as stated in Article 2 of the 2012 European Union Treaty [58] could result in the loss of EU funds granted to the Republic of Poland in the future, such as European Structural and Investment.[57]
Rainbow facemasks
During the COVID-19 pandemic within April 2020, many within the LGBT community, couples and several activists began handing out rainbow facemasks and other P.P.E. - as a direct protest of the "LGBT-free zoning", within certain local government areas of Poland.[59]
See also
External links
- Atlas nienawiści (Atlas of Hate) - Map of anti-LGBT ideology Polish government resolutions
- Tu nie chodzi o ludzi(This is not about people) - a documentary film presenting fragments of political debates on so-called anti-LGBT resolutions
References
- ^ a b c d e f "Polish towns advocate 'LGBT ideology-free' zones while the ruling party cheers them on". The Washington Post. 21 July 2019. reprint at The Independent
- ^ a b c "Krakowski magistrat odpowiada na homofobiczny akt "Gazety Polskiej"" [The Krakow municipality responds to the homophobic act of "Gazeta Polska"]. Gazeta Wyborcza (in Polish). Krakow. 19 July 2019.
- ^ a b "Gdzie w Polsce przyjęto uchwały przeciw "ideologii LGBT"?" [Where in Poland were the resolutions adopted against "LGBT ideology"?] (in Polish). ONET. 23 July 2019.
- ^ a b Figlerowicz, Marta (August 9, 2019). "The New Threat to Poland's Sexual Minorities". ISSN 0015-7120. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
- ^ "Biuletyny Informacji Publicznej - Urząd Marszałkowski Województwa Lubelskiego w Lublinie" [Public Information Bulletins - Marshal's Office of the Lublin Voivodeship in Lublin]. bip.malopolska.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2020-02-26.
Declaration No. 1/19 of the Lesser Poland Regional Assembly of 29 April 2019 on opposition to the introduction of the "LGBT" ideology in local government communities
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b c "European Parliament slams 'LGBTI-free' zones in Poland | DW | 18.12.2019".
- ^ Hajdari, Story by Una. "The Demagogue's Cocktail of Victimhood and Strength". The Atlantic.
- ^ "Activist aims to shame Polish towns opposed to LGBT community". Reuters. 2020-02-07.
- ^ "A third of Poland has now been declared an 'LGBT-free zone', making intolerance official". 2020-02-25.
- ^ "Activist fights homophobia in Poland with photo series of 'LGBT-free' zones". As It Happens. CBC Radio. 10 February 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
- ^ "Outrage over 'LGBTQ-free zone' stickers distributed by Polish magazine". New York Daily News. 25 July 2019.
- ^ Ciobanu, Claudia (2020-02-25). "A Third of Poland Declared 'LGBT-Free Zone'". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
- ^ a b c d e f "Why 'LGBT-free zones' are on the rise in Poland". CBC. 27 July 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Polish ruling party whips up LGBTQ hatred ahead of elections amid 'gay-free' zones and Pride march attacks". The Daily Telegraph. 9 August 2019.
- ^ a b Hume, Tim (December 19, 2019). "More Than 80 Polish Towns Have Declared Themselves 'LGBTQ-Free Zones'".
- ^ a b Assunção, Muri. "European Parliament votes to condemn Poland's rampant homophobia and the country's 'LGBTI-free zones'". nydailynews.com.
- ^ a b "European Parliament votes in condemnation of more than 80 'LGBT-free' zones in Poland". December 18, 2019.
- ^ a b "Parliament strongly condemns LGBTI-free zones in Poland | News | European Parliament". www.europarl.europa.eu. December 18, 2019.
- ^ "Sąd w Gliwicach unieważnił uchwałę o "strefie wolnej od LGBT" w gminie Istebna". Retrieved 15 July 2020.
- ^ "WSA unieważnił uchwałę "anty-LGBT" Rady Gminy w Klwowie. Sąd: "W polskiej tradycji jest również tradycja tolerancji"". Retrieved 15 July 2020.
- ^ "Pride and prejudice: Poland at war over gay rights before vote". South China Morning Post. 9 August 2019. Retrieved 19 August 2019.
- ^ a b c d Goclowski, Marcin; Wlodarczak-Semczuk, Anna (21 May 2019). "Polish towns go 'LGBT free' ahead of bitter European election campaign". Reuters.
- ^ Roache, Madeline (July 3, 2019). "Poland Is Holding Massive Pride Parades. But How Far Have LGBTQ Rights Really Come?". Time. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
- ^ a b c d Ciobanu, Claudia (26 June 2019). "'FOREIGN IDEOLOGY': POLAND'S POPULISTS TARGET LGBT RIGHTS". Balkan Insight.
- ^ "LGBT Virgin Mary triggers Polish activist's detention". BBC News. 14 May 2019.
- ^ "Poland's ruling party fuels anti-LGBT sentiment ahead of elections". Financial Times. 11 August 2019.
- ^ a b "Activists warn Poland's LGBT community is 'under attack'". Euronews. 8 August 2019.
- ^ a b Luxmoore, Jonathan (August 19, 2019). "Church in Poland continues confrontation with the LGBTQ community". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
- ^ "Drag queen "symulował zabójstwo" Jędraszewskiego. KEP i RPO komentują kontrowersyjny występ" [Drag queen "simulated the murder" of Jędraszewski: KEP and RPO comment on the controversial performance]. Rmf24.pl (in Polish). August 14, 2019. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
- ^ a b c "Adam Bodnar: przygotowuję się do zaskarżenia uchwał w sprawie ideologii LGBT" [Adam Bodnar: I'm preparing to appeal against resolutions banning LGBT ideology]. TVN24 (in Polish). 22 July 2019.
- ^ a b c "Anti-Gay Brutality in a Polish Town Blamed on Poisonous Propaganda". The New York Times. 27 July 2019.
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While conservative social media users cheered the move on Twitter and on Facebook, many liberal Poles connected the effort to create "LGBT-free" zones to Nazi efforts to create zones free of Jews.
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