Kung Fu Hustle | |
---|---|
Directed by | Stephen Chow |
Written by | Stephen Chow Tsang Kan Cheong Xin Huo Chan Man Keung |
Produced by | Stephen Chow Po-chu Chui Jeffrey Lau |
Starring | Stephen Chow Yuen Wah Yuen Qiu Kwok Kuen Chan Bruce Leung |
Cinematography | Poon Hang-Sang |
Edited by | Angie Lam |
Music by | Raymond Wong |
Distributed by | Sony Pictures Entertainment Sony Pictures Classics Columbia Tristar |
Release dates | September 14, 2004 December 23, 2004 January 1, 2005 January 13 2005 January 23, 2005 June 24, 2005 |
Running time | 95 min. |
Countries | China, Hong Kong |
Languages | Cantonese Mandarin |
Budget | $20 million |
Kung Fu Hustle (Chinese: 功夫; pinyin: Gōngfu) is a 2004 Hong Kong martial arts film directed and co-written by Stephen Chow. The film is a humorous parody and a homage to the wuxia genre, and contains most of the characteristics of a typical wuxia movie with exaggerations, serious situations and comic plots. Set in 1940s Shanghai, it is a tale of redemption for the central character, portrayed by Chow, a petty criminal who is trying to join the city's most-powerful gang.[1]
The use of visual effects have been widely acclaimed and the comic book style of the movie is its most striking feature.[2] It is in stark contrast to recent martial arts films that have made an impact in the West, such as Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and Hero.[3]
The film was released on 23 December, 2004 and received positive reviews from critics. It went on to become the highest grossing film in the history of Hong Kong,[4] and the highest grossing foreign language film in the United States in 2005.[5]
Production
Origins
Kung Fu Hustle is a co-production of the Beijing Film Studio and Hong Kong's Star Overseas.[6] After the success of his 2001 film, Shaolin Soccer, Chow was approached in 2002 by Columbia Pictures Film Production Asia, offering to collaborate with him on a project. Chow accepted the offer, and the project eventually became Kung Fu Hustle.[7] Major inspirations of the film came from the martial arts films Chow watched as a child and his childhood ambition to become a martial artist.[8]
Chow's first priority was to design the main location of the film, the Pig Sty Alley. He grew up in an environment similar to the Alley and the plot included many aspects of his daily life.[9] A 1973 Shaw Brothers Studio film, The House of 72 Tenants was another inspiration for the Pig Sty Alley.[10] Designing of the Alley began in January 2003 and took four months to complete. Many of the props and furniture in the apartments were antiques from all over China.[11]
Choreography
Kung Fu Hustle was produced with a budget of $20,000,000.[12] Filming took place in Shanghai from June 2003 to November 2003.[13] Two-thirds of the time were spent shooting the fighting sequences.[8] The fighting scenes of Kung Fu Hustle were initially choreographed by Sammo Hung. Production suffered a setback when Hung quit after two months due to illness, tough outdoor conditions, interest in another project and arguments with the production crew.[14] Chow immediately contacted Yuen Woo-ping, an action choreographer with experience ranging from Hong Kong action cinema of the 1960s to Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon in the early 21st century to replace Hung. Yuen swiftly accepted the offer. In doing so, certain scenes in production under Hung were cancelled.[7] Yuen managed to take seemingly outdated wuxia fighting styles like the Deadly Melody and Buddhist Palm and recreate them on the screen with his own imagination.[15]
Special effects were mainly created with a combination of computer-generated imagery and wire work.[16] Legendary martial arts mentioned in wuxia novels were depicted and exaggerated through CGI, but actual people, rather than digital effects were used to film the final fight between Chow's character and the hundreds of axe-wielding gangsters.[6] A Hong Kong computer graphics company, Centro Digital Pictures Limited was solely responsible for the CGI of Kung Fu Hustle. The company had experience in highly acclaimed films like Shaolin Soccer and Kill Bill. Their team had performed extensive tests on various scenes that could be depicted by CGI before filming started. A group of six people followed the production crew through the shooting. Treatment of the preliminary shots began straight afterwards. The CGI crew removed wire effects and applied special effects under high resolution. After a final calibration of colour, data of the processed scenes were sent to the United States for the production of the final version of the film.[13]
Casting
Kung Fu Hustle pays tribute to many famous veterans of Hong Kong action cinema of the 1970s who were all real martial artists in their own right. Yuen Wah, a member of the Seven Little Fortunes plays the Landlord of the Pig Sty Alley. He has appeared in hundreds of Hong Kong films from the 1970s and was a stunt double of Bruce Lee. Yuen Wah considered the film to be the peak of his career. He remarked that despite the comedic nature of the film, the shooting process was a serious matter. With a tight schedule, there was no time for laughs. In spite of the film's success, Yuen Wah worried that nowadays fewer people practice martial arts.[17]
The part of the Landlady was offered to Yuen Qiu, another student of Yu Jim Yuen, sifu of the Seven Little Fortunes. Yuen Qiu was a "Bond girl" in The Man with the Golden Gun at the age of 18. Having retired from the film industry after her marriage in the 1980s, Kung Fu Hustle was her comeback. She admitted that she never expected to star in the film. When her colleague was on stage during a tryout for Kung Fu Hustle, she stood near her and smoked a cigarette with a sarcastic expression on her face. That pose earned her the part. To fulfil Stephen Chow's image of a "fat lady", Yuen Qiu deliberately gained weight before production by eating midnight snacks on a daily basis.[18]
Leung Siu Lung, who plays the Beast is Stephen Chow's childhood martial arts hero.[9] Leung Siu Lung was a famous action film director and actor in the 1970s and 1980s, known as the "Third Dragon" after Bruce Lee and Jackie Chan. Having lost the Taiwanese film market in the late 1980s following a visit to China, he switched to doing business. Kung Fu Hustle was his return to the film industry after a 15-year hiatus. He regards Chow as a flexible director with high standards. Leung was particularly impressed by the first scene involving the Beast, which had to be reshot 28 times.[19]
Besides famous martial artists, Kung Fu Hustle features legends of Chinese cinema. Two famous Chinese directors appear in the film, Zhang Yibai, who plays Inspector Chan at the beginning of the film and Feng Xiaogang, who plays the boss of the Crocodile Gang.[20]
Huang Shengyi made her debut to the film industry and played Fong, a mute ice-cream vendor. Huang was asked whether she wanted to have any dialogue in the film. She decided not to speak so as to stand out only with her body gestures. She stated that it was an honour to work with experienced actors and directors and a great learning opportunity for future roles.[21]
Music
The majority of the film's original score was composed by Raymond Wong and performed by the Hong Kong Chinese Orchestra.[22] The score imitates traditional Chinese music in 1940s swordplay films.[23] One of Wong's works, Nothing Ventured, Nothing Gained provides a stark contrast between the villainous Axe Gang and the peaceful neighbourhood of the Pig Sty Alley, depicted by a Chinese folk song, Fisherman’s Song of the East China Sea.[20] Along with Wong's compositions and various traditional Chinese songs, classical compositions are featured in the score, including excerpts from Zigeunerweisen by Pablo de Sarasate and Sabre Dance by Aram Khachaturian.[24] A song is sung in the background by Huang Shengyi at the end of the film. The song, "Zhi Yao Wei Ni Huo Yi Tian" (只要為你活一天) was written by Liu Jie Cheng in the 1970s. It tells of a girl's memories of a loved one, and her desire to live for him again.[25] Kung Fu Hustle was nominated for the Best Original Film Score in the 24th Hong Kong Film Awards.[26]
Asian and American versions of the soundtrack have been released. The Asian version of the soundtrack was released on 17 December, 2004 by Sony Music Entertainment and has 33 tracks.[27] The American version of the soundtrack was released on 29 March, 2005 by Varèse Sarabande and has 19 tracks.[28]
Plot
Shanghai of the 1940s is in turmoil. Various gangs have consolidated their power and the police are powerless to stem the crime wave. The most feared is the Axe Gang, aptly named after their preferred weapons. The only places where people can live in peace are the poor areas which hold no interest for the gangs. One such area is Pig Sty Alley, a tenement home to people in various trades. The Alley is run by a promiscuous Landlord and his domineering wife.
One day, two aspiring gangsters, Sing and Bone, enter and draw attention from the Axe Gang, which storm the alley. Thanks to the martial arts mastery of three tenants, the Coolie, Tailor and Donut the baker), the gangsters are repulsed. Back in the streets, Sing reveals his past. As a child, he spent his life savings to buy a "Buddhist Palm" manual from a beggar to "preserve world peace". The young Sing practiced his skills, but failed to save a mute girl from bullies who snatched her lollipop. Beaten and urinated on, Sing swore to become a bad person. He and Bone then steal ice cream from a mute female vendor, who is startled to see Sing. The pair of petty thieves escape on a tram before the woman can catch up with him.
In spite of their heroics, the Coolie, Tailor and Donut are evicted from the Pig Sty Alley for offending the mafia. Meanwhile, Axe Gang leader Brother Sum has other plans. He hires the Harpists, the second best killers, to assassinate the three. This forces the Landlord and his wife to intervene with their Tai Chi Chuan and Lion's Roar. Although the Harpists are defeated, the Coolie, Tailor and Donut die from their wounds.
The following day, Sing berates Bone and mugs the mute ice-cream vendor, who is revealed to be the girl Sing saved in his childhood. Sing joins the Axe Gang. At Brother Sum's request, Sing sneaks into a mental asylum and frees the Beast, also known as the Ultimate King of Killers (終極殺人王). At first, Brother Sum is skeptical of the Beast, but changes his mind after the Beast shows that he can stop bullets. The Beast then fights the Landlord and Landlady, who are in the casino with a funeral bell. Although the Beast appears to be defeated by the bell-amplified Lion's Roar, he outsmarts the couple with his desperation move. As the three enter a stalemate, Brother Sum orders Sing to use a table leg to smash the Landlady's head. Sing hits the Beast instead. The Beast becomes enraged and critically injures Sing, who is carried off by the Landlord and his wife. Brother Sum is killed after he rebukes the Beast for letting the three escape. Back in the Alley, Sing quickly recovers, transforming into a kung fu master, much to the surprise of the couple. Shortly afterwards, the Axe Gang and the Beast raid the empty Pig Sty Alley.
Sing dispatches the gangsters and fights the Beast, who sends Sing flying with his Toad leap skill. In the air, Sing realizes his Buddhist Palm. He dives downwards, holding out his palm as his body begins to blaze from the force of the descent. He slams into the Beast, creating a big palm shaped crater in the ground. Sing lands on the ground and stops the Beast's desperation move with another Palm, which creates a big palm shaped hole in the building behind the Beast. The Beast is completely shocked. He tearfully bows down to Sing, conceding defeat.
Some time later, the mute ice-cream vendor sees a newly opened sweet shop, specializing in lollipops. It is run by Sing and Bone. Bone shows Sing the young woman, and he walks out to meet her. The two revert to their childhood forms and run happily into the shop. The Landlord and his wife are seen walking past the shop. The same beggar who sold Sing the Buddhist Palm manual offers a selection of martial arts manuals to a boy eating a lollipop. Template:Endspoiler
Cast
- Stephen Chow (周星馳) as Sing, a loser in life whose ambition is to join the Axe Gang. He has attempted many misdeeds, but all of them have failed or backfired.
- Yuen Wah (元華) as the Landlord of the Pig Sty Alley. A promiscuous troublemaker, he likes to trick women into kissing him and spy on women while they bathe. He is a master of Tai Chi Chuan.
- Yuen Qiu (元秋) as the Landlady of the Pig Sty Alley. Selfish and domineering, she is a chain smoker with a loud voice, a side effect of her mastery of a Kung Fu technique known as the Lion's Roar.
- Chan Kwok Kuen (陳國坤) as Brother Sum, the shady leader of the Axe Gang. The Axe Gang is the most feared gang in Shanghai controlling many casinos, night clubs and restaurants. The gang is notorious for its axe-wielding gangmen.
- Leung Siu Lung (梁小龍) as the Beast, officially the world's top killer. He has killed many in his quest to find a worthy opponent all to no avail. Therefore, he had himself committed to a mental asylum, until Sing freed him to deal with the Landlord and his wife.
- Dong Zhi Hua (董志華) as Donut, a baker in Pig Sty Alley who is a retired Kung Fu master. He specialises in the Eight Trigram Staff.
- Chiu Chi Ling (趙志淩) as the Tailor of Pig Sty Alley. This retired Kung Fu master specialises in Hung family Iron Wire kung fu (洪家鐵線拳), and fights with iron bracelets around his arms.
- Xing Yu (行宇) as the Coolie, a Kung Fu master specialising in the 12 Kicks of the Tam School (十二路潭腿).
- Lam Chi Chung (林子聰) as Bone, Sing's sidekick.
- Huang Sheng Yi as Fong, Sing's mute love interest. Back in her childhood, she was saved by Sing from a gang of bullies. Even since then, she has viewed him as her hero. In the present day, she works as an ice-cream vendor.
- Tin Kai Man (田啟文) as the advisor of Brother Sum, the leader of the Axe Gang.
- Gar Hong Hay (賈康熙) and Fung Hak On (馮克安) as the Harpists, two killers hired by the Axe Gang to wipe the Coolie, Tailor and Donut out. Their instrument is the guzheng, or "Chinese harp".
- Lam Suet (林雪) and Liang Hsiao as high ranking members of the Axe Gang.
Parodies and references
Template:Spoiler Kung Fu Hustle makes references to a wide range of films, animated cartoons and other sources, drawing on ideas from wuxia novels. The housing arrangement of the Pig Sty Alley is similar to that of a 1973 Hong Kong film, The House of 72 Tenants (七十二家房客). During the altercation between Sing and the hairdresser, the hairdresser states, "Even if you kill me, there will be thousands more of me!". This is a parody of a quote of Lu Hao-tung, a Chinese revolutionary in the late Qing Dynasty.[29] The scene where Sing is chased by the Landlady as he flees from the Alley is a homage to Wile E. Coyote and Road Runner, characters in Looney Tunes cartoons, down to the pursuer's (the Landlady's) ill fate.[1]
A major element of the plot is based on the 1982 martial arts film Ru Lai Shen Zhang (如來神掌). Sing studied the same Buddhist Palm Kung Fu style from a young age and realised it at the end of the film. In reality, it does not leave palm-shaped craters and holes on impact. Instead, the user delivers powerful punches using his palm. The Chinese name of the Beast, the Evil God of the Fiery Cloud (火雲邪神) and the fight with the Landlady and her husband are also references to the film, where a mortally wounded master strikes the patterns of his art's final techniques into a bell so that his apprentice can learn from it.[30] The Chinese names of some characters are identical and taken straight from Jinyong's wuxia novels. For example, the landlord and landlady are named after Yang Guo (楊過) and Xiao Long Nü (小龍女) from Jinyong's The Return of the Condor Heroes.[31]
References to gangster films are also present. The boss of the Axe Gang, Brother Sum (琛哥) is named after Sam Han (韓琛), the triad boss in Infernal Affairs.[32] The Harpists imitate The Blues Brothers, wearing similar hats and sunglasses at all times. When they are flattered by the Axe Gang advisor, one of them answers "Strictly speaking we're just musicians", similar to a line by Elwood Blues.[33] When Donut dies, he says "with great power comes great responsibility", a clear reference to Spider-Man, said by Uncle Ben before his death.[29] Afterwards, with his dying breath, he gets up, grabs the Landlord by the shirt and utters in English, "What are you prepared to do?", a nod to Sean Connery's character Jim Malone in Brian De Palma's 1987 film The Untouchables.[34] The final fight between Sing and the hundreds of gangsters imitates the fight between Neo and hundreds of Agent Smiths in The Matrix Reloaded.[6] Template:Endspoiler
Releases
Kung Fu Hustle had its world premiere at the 2004 Toronto International Film Festival. It was then released in China, Hong Kong and other countries in Asia with significant Overseas Chinese populations in December 2004. The film was first shown in the United States at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2005, and then opened in a general release on 22 April, 2005 after being shown in Los Angeles and New York for two weeks. The film was released to most of Europe in June 2005.[35] Kung Fu Hustle is rated IIB (not suitable for children and young persons) in Hong Kong, while it is rated to be viewed by people with a minimum age ranging from 13 to 18 in other countries.[36]
The North American DVD release was on 8 August, 2005.[35] A Blu-Ray version of the DVD was released on 12 December, 2006 by Sony Pictures.
The Portuguese title of the movie is Kungfusão, which sounds like kung fu and Confusão (confusion).[37] In the same way, the Italian and Spanish titles were Kung-fusion and Kung-fusión, puns of "confusion".[38][39] In France, the film is known as Crazy Kung Fu, and the Hungarian title is A Pofonok Földje.[40][41]
Reception
The film was well-received by critics, earning the high score of 90% fresh on Rotten Tomatoes based on a total of 166 reviews.[42] Film critic Roger Ebert described the film "like Jackie Chan and Buster Keaton meet Quentin Tarantino and Bugs Bunny."[43] The comment was printed on the promotion posters for Kung Fu Hustle in the United States.[44][45] Positive reviews generally give credit to the elements of mo lei tau comedy present in the film. A number of reviewers viewed it as a computer-enhanced Looney Tunes punch-up.[42] Much of the criticism for the film is directed at its lack of character development and a coherent plot. Las Vegas Weekly, for instance criticised the film for the lack of a central protagonist and character depth.[46] Criticisms are also directed at the film's cartoonish and childish humour.[47]
Box office
Kung Fu Hustle opened in Hong Kong on 23 December, 2004, and earned HK$4,990,000 on its opening day. It stayed at the top of the box office for the rest of 2004 and for much of early 2005, eventually grossing HK$60 million. Its box office tally made it the highest grossing film in Hong Kong history, surpassing the previous record holder, Chow's Shaolin Soccer.[4]
The film began a limited two-week theatrical run in New York City and Los Angeles on 8 April, 2005 before being widely released across North America on 22 April. In its first week of limited release in seven cinemas, it grossed $269,225 ($38,461 per screen).[48] When it was expanded to a wide release in 2,503 cinemas, the largest number of cinemas ever for a foreign language film, it made a modest $6,749,572 ($2,696 per screen), eventually grossing a total of $17,108,591 in 129 days. In total, Kung Fu Hustle had a worldwide gross of $101,104,669.[49] While not a blockbuster, Kung Fu Hustle managed to be the highest-grossing foreign language film in North America in 2005, and it went on to find a cult following on DVD.[5]
Awards
Kung Fu Hustle received a large number of award nominations in the Hong Kong Film Awards and Golden Horse Awards of 2005. It was nominated for 16 Hong Kong Film Awards and won 6: Best Picture, Best Supporting Actor (Yuen Wah), Best Sound Effects, Best Visual Effects, Best Choreography and Best Film Editing.[24] In the Golden Horse Awards, Kung Fu Hustle received 10 nominations and won 5: Best Picture, Best Director (Stephen Chow), Best Supporting Actress (Yuen Qiu), Best Visual Effects and Best make-up and costume design.[50] Furthermore, the movie was nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Foreign Language Film,[6] as well as a BAFTA award for Best Film not in the English language.[51]
Computer game
An online computer game based on Kung Fu Hustle has been announced by Sony Online Entertainment. This fighting game is developed specifically for the Chinese market. Currently, there are no plans for an international release. The game will have a branching storyline and support up to eight players. It will be free to play, although players may pay an extra fee to upgrade their characters.[52][53]
See also
References
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- ^ Mapes, Marty. "Review of Kung Fu Hustle". Movie Habit. Retrieved 2007-05-13.
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- ^ Zhu, Rongbin (2003-08-20). "洪金寶走人袁和平救場 《功夫》緊急走馬換將 (Sammo Hung quits and is replaced by Yuen Woo-Ping)" (in Traditional Chinese). Eastern News. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
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- ^ "元秋:演007时我才十几岁 现在不担心形象 (Yuen Qiu says, I was only 18 when I appeared in a Bond Film, I don't worry about my image now)". Sina. 2004-12-17. Retrieved 2007-05-16.Template:Zh icon
- ^ Li, Yijun (2004-12-24). "《功夫》配角都有功夫 (The supporting characters of Kung Fu Hustle know kung fu)" (in Simplified Chinese). Zaobao. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
- ^ a b Kin-Wah, Szeto. "Geopolitical imaginary: Hong Kong, the Mainland and Hollywood". Jump Cut. Retrieved 2007-05-11.
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- ^ "About the Hong Kong Chinese Orchestra". Hong Kong Chinese Orchestra. Retrieved 2007-05-13.
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- ^ "Plot summary of Ru Lai Shen Zhang". Pearlcity. Retrieved 2007-05-17. Template:Zh icon
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- ^ "Spanish review of Kung-fusión". Fotograma. Retrieved 2007-05-06.Template:Es icon
- ^ "Crazy kung-fu". Allocine. 2005-06-08. Retrieved 2007-05-14.Template:Fr icon
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- ^ "周星驰横扫金马奖全靠"功夫" 舒淇喜极而泣 (Thanks to Kung Fu Hustle, Stephen Chow makes a clean sweep of the Golden Horse Awards. Shu qi cries in joy)". Sohu. 2005-11-44. Retrieved 2007-05-02.
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(help)Template:Zh icon - ^ "Stephen Chow in Kung Fu Hustle (2004)". Mooviees!. Retrieved 2007-05-14.
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