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{{short description|Inuit artist's co-operative}} |
{{short description|Inuit artist's co-operative}} |
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The '''Kinngait Co-operative''', also known as the '''West Baffin Eskimo Co-operative''' is an [[Inuit]] co-operative in [[Kinngait]], Nunavut best known for its activities in buying, producing and selling Inuit artworks.<ref name="KPPresident">{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5PrckHOookQC&pg=PT176&dq=Kinngait+Studios+1959&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwip1vDdgYroAhVNQq0KHW8bBnEQ6AEwBnoECAkQAg#v=onepage&q=Kinngait+Studios+1959&f=false|title=Working the Dead Beat: 50 Lives that Changed Canada|first=Sandra|last=Martin|date=September 11, 2012|publisher=House of Anansi|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://highlandscurrent.org/2020/01/26/prints-from-the-far-north/|title=Prints from the Far North | The Highlands Current|date=January 26, 2020|website=highlandscurrent.org}}</ref> The co-operative is part of [[Arctic Co-operatives Limited]], a group of locally-owned businesses that provide fundamental services in the Canadian north. The co-operative sets prices for the sale of its member's works, pays the artists in advance and shares its profits with its members.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/art-and-architecture/article-inuit-art-sees-international-resurgence/|title=Inuit art’s renaissance is thawing cultural borders|via=The Globe and Mail}}</ref> |
The '''Kinngait Co-operative''', also known as the '''West Baffin Eskimo Co-operative''' is an [[Inuit]] co-operative in [[Kinngait]], Nunavut best known for its activities in buying, producing and selling Inuit artworks.<ref name="KPPresident">{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5PrckHOookQC&pg=PT176&dq=Kinngait+Studios+1959&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwip1vDdgYroAhVNQq0KHW8bBnEQ6AEwBnoECAkQAg#v=onepage&q=Kinngait+Studios+1959&f=false|title=Working the Dead Beat: 50 Lives that Changed Canada|first=Sandra|last=Martin|date=September 11, 2012|publisher=House of Anansi|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://highlandscurrent.org/2020/01/26/prints-from-the-far-north/|title=Prints from the Far North | The Highlands Current|date=January 26, 2020|website=highlandscurrent.org}}</ref> The co-operative is part of [[Arctic Co-operatives Limited]], a group of locally-owned businesses that provide fundamental services in the Canadian north. The co-operative sets prices for the sale of its member's works, pays the artists in advance and shares its profits with its members.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/art-and-architecture/article-inuit-art-sees-international-resurgence/|title=Inuit art’s renaissance is thawing cultural borders|via=The Globe and Mail}}</ref> |
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The co-operative was established in 1959 by [[James Archibald Houston|James Houston]] and [[Kananginak Pootoogook]] as an effort to encourage art making as an income stream for local residents. Since 1959 it has purchased over 100,000 artworks from local artists<ref name="CBCDigitizing">https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/cape-dorset-art-digitize-1.4640907</ref> and overseen the production of an annual edition of 50 prints by Kinngait artists.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/03/14/travel/a-toronto-specialty-eskimo-stonecut-prints.html|title=A Toronto Specialty: Eskimo Stonecut Prints|date=March 14, 1982|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> |
The co-operative was established in 1959 by [[James Archibald Houston|James Houston]] and [[Kananginak Pootoogook]] as an effort to encourage art making as an income stream for local residents. Since 1959 it has purchased over 100,000 artworks from local artists<ref name="CBCDigitizing">https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/cape-dorset-art-digitize-1.4640907</ref> and overseen the production of an annual edition of 50 prints by Kinngait artists.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/03/14/travel/a-toronto-specialty-eskimo-stonecut-prints.html|title=A Toronto Specialty: Eskimo Stonecut Prints|date=March 14, 1982|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> |
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The co-operative's |
The co-operative's Kinngait operations and its printmaking studio, ''Kinngait Studios'', are housed within the ''Kenojuak Cultural Centre and Print Shop''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://arcticjournal.ca/featured/west-baffin-eskimo-co-operative/|title=West Baffin Eskimo co-operative|date=October 31, 2019}}</ref> The co-operative also operates Dorset Fine Arts, a commercial art gallery in Toronto, Ontario that is responsible for marketing and sale of art produced by the co-operative's members.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZQJJCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA67&dq=cape+dorset+fine+arts+marketing&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwimjZWMk4roAhV_mXIEHebiCSsQ6AEwAnoECAQQAg#v=onepage&q=cape+dorset+fine+arts+marketing&f=false|title=An Annotated Bibliography of Inuit Art|first1=Richard C.|last1=Crandall|first2=Susan M.|last2=Crandall|date=July 25, 2015|publisher=McFarland|via=Google Books}}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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In the late 1940s the printmaker James Houston visited West Baffin island and became enamoured by the sculptures being produced by some of its residents.<ref name="WBECHistory"/><ref name="LATimes"/> Following his return to Montreal, he became a "roving crafts officer" for the Canadian Handicrafts guild, representing Inuit |
In the late 1940s the printmaker James Houston visited West Baffin island and became enamoured by the sculptures being produced by some of its residents.<ref name="WBECHistory"/><ref name="LATimes"/> Following his return to Montreal, he became a "roving crafts officer" for the Canadian Handicrafts guild, representing [[Inuit art]]works to southern audiences.<ref name="WBECHistory"/> In this position he would buy Inuit artworks in the north and sell them in the south of Canada.<ref name="WBECHistory"/> In 1954, following the decline of the local fur trade,<ref name="LATimes">{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/miranda/la-et-cam-three-generations-of-inuit-women-artists-akunnittinni-20181205-story.html|title=How three generations of women artists in one indigenous family tell the story of a century of change|date=December 5, 2018|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> the Canadian government sent Houston to Kinngait, then called Cape Dorset, to start a printmaking studio as an alternate source of income for its residents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/13/arts/kenojuak-ashevak-inuit-artist-dies-at-85.html|title=Kenojuak Ashevak, Artist From the Canadian Arctic, Dies at 85|first=Ian|last=Austen|date=January 12, 2013|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref><ref name="WBECHistory">{{Cite web|url=https://www.westbaffin.com/new-page-1|title=A HISTORY OF THE WBEC|website=WEST BAFFIN ESKIMO CO-OPERATIVE LTD.}}</ref> There, he met and began collaborating with the Inuit artist Kananginak Pootoogook.<ref>Kananginak Pootoogook</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nunatsiaq.com/stories/article/98789_inuit_art_legend_kananginak_pootoogook_dies_at_75/|title=Inuit art legend Kananginak Pootoogook dies at 75|first=Nunatsiaq|last=News|date=November 28, 2010}}</ref> In 1959, they released a series of prints by Inuit artists that found immediate success.<ref name="RCINET"/> The same year, they founded the West Baffin Eskimo co-operative as a business entity for local Inuit artists whose work was gaining in popularity at the time.<ref name="RCINET">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rcinet.ca/eye-on-the-arctic/2019/01/08/arctic-canadian-co-operative-behind-renowned-inuit-art-program-celebrates-60th-anniversary/|title=Arctic Canadian co-operative behind renowned Inuit art program celebrates 60th anniversary|first1=Eilís|last1=Quinn|first2=Eye on the|last2=Arctic|date=January 8, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YNk5v2LkOAkC&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6&dq=west+baffin+eskimo+co-operative+1950s+popularity&source=bl&ots=GqdWrN8ANm&sig=ACfU3U0s4dQsa9ykVSgSsw_5mGf0FXTi_A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjTkvflhIroAhUCC6wKHT1sCEkQ6AEwAnoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=west+baffin+eskimo+co-operative+1950s+popularity&f=false|title=Hunters, Carvers, and Collectors: The Chauncey C. Nash Collection of Inuit Art|first=Maija M.|last=Lutz|date=November 12, 2012|publisher=Harvard University Press|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/22/books/james-a-houston-writer-on-eskimo-life-dies-at-83.html|title=James A. Houston, Writer on Eskimo Life, Dies at 83|first=Margalit|last=Fox|date=April 22, 2005|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> Kananginak Pootoogook was its first president.<ref name="KPPresident"/> In 1960 the Inuit management of the co-operative hired Terry Ryan, a recent [[Ontario College of Art]] graduate as the co-operative's general manager.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5PrckHOookQC&pg=PT180&lpg=PT180&dq=west+baffin+eskimo+terry+ryan+first+white&source=bl&ots=FIZWuAVesf&sig=ACfU3U15MweysT8J-h0075OCjlGHy-x7bA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiwr8Hqh4roAhVKSK0KHRB3DfMQ6AEwD3oECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=west+baffin+eskimo+terry+ryan+first+white&f=false|title=Working the Dead Beat: 50 Lives that Changed Canada|first=Sandra|last=Martin|date=September 11, 2012|publisher=House of Anansi|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="Globe">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/art-and-architecture/inuit-arts-patron-terry-ryan-had-a-passion-for-thearctic/article36286400/|title=Inuit art adviser Terry Ryan had a passion for the Arctic|via=The Globe and Mail}}</ref> |
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In 1961, the ''Canadian Eskimo Arts Committee'' was established by the Canadian government, at the request of the co-operative. Its role was to set standards for the annual print edition, and to promote and market the works.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bO1WTEEHgH0C&pg=PA125&dq=west+baffin+co-operative+founding+artists&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj_-uC0j4roAhXPknIEHaZJDOMQ6AEwAXoECAEQAg#v=onepage&q=west+baffin+co-operative+founding+artists&f=false|title=The Way of Inuit Art: Aesthetics and History in and Beyond the Arctic|first=Emily Elisabeth|last=Auger|date=March 8, 2005|publisher=McFarland|via=Google Books}}</ref> Operated by the Ottawa government, the comittee had no Inuit members for the first twelve years of its existence, until 1973 when [[Joanasie Salomonie |Joanasie Salomonie]] and [[Armand Tagoona]] became members.<ref name="IAF">{{Cite web|url=https://www.inuitartfoundation.org/lite/iaf/inuit-art-quarterly/iaq-read/details/iaq/2019/09/10/gets-lost-canadian-eskimo-arts-councils-rejected-prints|title=What Gets Lost: The Canadian Eskimo Arts Council's Rejected Prints|first=Inuit Art|last=Foundation|website=Inuit Art Foundation}}</ref> The committee disbanded in 1989.<ref name="IAF"/> |
In 1961, the ''Canadian Eskimo Arts Committee'' was established by the Canadian government, at the request of the co-operative. Its role was to set standards for the annual print edition, and to promote and market the works.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bO1WTEEHgH0C&pg=PA125&dq=west+baffin+co-operative+founding+artists&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj_-uC0j4roAhXPknIEHaZJDOMQ6AEwAXoECAEQAg#v=onepage&q=west+baffin+co-operative+founding+artists&f=false|title=The Way of Inuit Art: Aesthetics and History in and Beyond the Arctic|first=Emily Elisabeth|last=Auger|date=March 8, 2005|publisher=McFarland|via=Google Books}}</ref> Operated by the Ottawa government, the comittee had no Inuit members for the first twelve years of its existence, until 1973 when [[Joanasie Salomonie |Joanasie Salomonie]] and [[Armand Tagoona]] became members.<ref name="IAF">{{Cite web|url=https://www.inuitartfoundation.org/lite/iaf/inuit-art-quarterly/iaq-read/details/iaq/2019/09/10/gets-lost-canadian-eskimo-arts-councils-rejected-prints|title=What Gets Lost: The Canadian Eskimo Arts Council's Rejected Prints|first=Inuit Art|last=Foundation|website=Inuit Art Foundation}}</ref> The committee disbanded in 1989.<ref name="IAF"/> |
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Kent Ryan would stay with the co-operative until 2009; in 1978 he was instrumental in founding Dorset Fine Arts, the Toronto-based marketing arm of the co-operative.<ref name="Globe"/> |
Kent Ryan would stay with the co-operative until 2009; in 1978 he was instrumental in founding Dorset Fine Arts, the Toronto-based marketing arm of the co-operative.<ref name="Globe"/> |
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In 1977, after a fire destroyed the print studio and archive of the Sanavik Co-operative |
In 1977, after a fire destroyed the print studio and archive of the Sanavik Co-operative<ref>http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.695.267&rep=rep1&type=pdf</ref> in [[Baker Lake, Nunavut|Baker Lake]], the co-operative decided to move the bulk of its print collection into storage at the [[McMichael Canadian Art Collection]].<ref>http://greenandgold.uaa.alaska.edu/imagesGreenGold/%22The%20History%20of%20Baker%20Lake%22%20by%20Jennifer%20Alsop.pdf</ref> In 2019 the co-operative entered into an agreement with the McMichael to digitize over 100,000 prints and sculptures from the co-operative's collection.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nunatsiaq.com/stories/article/toronto-gallery-to-digitize-100000-cape-dorset-prints-drawings/|title=Toronto gallery to digitize almost 100,000 Cape Dorset prints, drawings|first=Nunatsiaq|last=News|date=August 8, 2019}}</ref><ref name="CBCDigitizing"/> |
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In 2018 the co-operative and the municipality of Kinngait (then Cape Dorset) collaborated to build the ''Kenojouak Cultural Center and Printshop'' to house the co-operative's operations.<ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/cape-dorset-kenojuak-cultural-centre-1.4760423</ref> |
In 2018 the co-operative and the municipality of Kinngait (then Cape Dorset) collaborated to build the ''Kenojouak Cultural Center and Printshop'' to house the co-operative's operations.<ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/cape-dorset-kenojuak-cultural-centre-1.4760423</ref> |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Companies based in Nunavut]] |
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[[Category:Inuit in Canada]] |
[[Category:Inuit in Canada]] |
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[[Category:Nunavut society]] |
[[Category:Nunavut society]] |
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[[Category:Inuit art]] |
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[[Category:Companies based in Nunavut]] |
Revision as of 03:46, 13 March 2020
The Kinngait Co-operative, also known as the West Baffin Eskimo Co-operative is an Inuit co-operative in Kinngait, Nunavut best known for its activities in buying, producing and selling Inuit artworks.[1][2] The co-operative is part of Arctic Co-operatives Limited, a group of locally-owned businesses that provide fundamental services in the Canadian north. The co-operative sets prices for the sale of its member's works, pays the artists in advance and shares its profits with its members.[3]
The co-operative was established in 1959 by James Houston and Kananginak Pootoogook as an effort to encourage art making as an income stream for local residents. Since 1959 it has purchased over 100,000 artworks from local artists[4] and overseen the production of an annual edition of 50 prints by Kinngait artists.[5]
The co-operative's Kinngait operations and its printmaking studio, Kinngait Studios, are housed within the Kenojuak Cultural Centre and Print Shop.[6] The co-operative also operates Dorset Fine Arts, a commercial art gallery in Toronto, Ontario that is responsible for marketing and sale of art produced by the co-operative's members.[7]
History
In the late 1940s the printmaker James Houston visited West Baffin island and became enamoured by the sculptures being produced by some of its residents.[8][9] Following his return to Montreal, he became a "roving crafts officer" for the Canadian Handicrafts guild, representing Inuit artworks to southern audiences.[8] In this position he would buy Inuit artworks in the north and sell them in the south of Canada.[8] In 1954, following the decline of the local fur trade,[9] the Canadian government sent Houston to Kinngait, then called Cape Dorset, to start a printmaking studio as an alternate source of income for its residents.[10][8] There, he met and began collaborating with the Inuit artist Kananginak Pootoogook.[11][12] In 1959, they released a series of prints by Inuit artists that found immediate success.[13] The same year, they founded the West Baffin Eskimo co-operative as a business entity for local Inuit artists whose work was gaining in popularity at the time.[13][14][15] Kananginak Pootoogook was its first president.[1] In 1960 the Inuit management of the co-operative hired Terry Ryan, a recent Ontario College of Art graduate as the co-operative's general manager.[16][17]
In 1961, the Canadian Eskimo Arts Committee was established by the Canadian government, at the request of the co-operative. Its role was to set standards for the annual print edition, and to promote and market the works.[18] Operated by the Ottawa government, the comittee had no Inuit members for the first twelve years of its existence, until 1973 when Joanasie Salomonie and Armand Tagoona became members.[19] The committee disbanded in 1989.[19]
Kent Ryan would stay with the co-operative until 2009; in 1978 he was instrumental in founding Dorset Fine Arts, the Toronto-based marketing arm of the co-operative.[17]
In 1977, after a fire destroyed the print studio and archive of the Sanavik Co-operative[20] in Baker Lake, the co-operative decided to move the bulk of its print collection into storage at the McMichael Canadian Art Collection.[21] In 2019 the co-operative entered into an agreement with the McMichael to digitize over 100,000 prints and sculptures from the co-operative's collection.[22][4]
In 2018 the co-operative and the municipality of Kinngait (then Cape Dorset) collaborated to build the Kenojouak Cultural Center and Printshop to house the co-operative's operations.[23]
The co-operative celebrated its 60th anniversary in 2019 with a touring exhibition of works produced by its members.[24]
References
- ^ a b Martin, Sandra (September 11, 2012). "Working the Dead Beat: 50 Lives that Changed Canada". House of Anansi – via Google Books.
- ^ "Prints from the Far North | The Highlands Current". highlandscurrent.org. January 26, 2020.
- ^ "Inuit art's renaissance is thawing cultural borders" – via The Globe and Mail.
- ^ a b https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/cape-dorset-art-digitize-1.4640907
- ^ "A Toronto Specialty: Eskimo Stonecut Prints". March 14, 1982 – via NYTimes.com.
- ^ "West Baffin Eskimo co-operative". October 31, 2019.
- ^ Crandall, Richard C.; Crandall, Susan M. (July 25, 2015). "An Annotated Bibliography of Inuit Art". McFarland – via Google Books.
- ^ a b c d "A HISTORY OF THE WBEC". WEST BAFFIN ESKIMO CO-OPERATIVE LTD.
- ^ a b "How three generations of women artists in one indigenous family tell the story of a century of change". Los Angeles Times. December 5, 2018.
- ^ Austen, Ian (January 12, 2013). "Kenojuak Ashevak, Artist From the Canadian Arctic, Dies at 85" – via NYTimes.com.
- ^ Kananginak Pootoogook
- ^ News, Nunatsiaq (November 28, 2010). "Inuit art legend Kananginak Pootoogook dies at 75".
{{cite web}}
:|last=
has generic name (help) - ^ a b Quinn, Eilís; Arctic, Eye on the (January 8, 2019). "Arctic Canadian co-operative behind renowned Inuit art program celebrates 60th anniversary".
- ^ Lutz, Maija M. (November 12, 2012). "Hunters, Carvers, and Collectors: The Chauncey C. Nash Collection of Inuit Art". Harvard University Press – via Google Books.
- ^ Fox, Margalit (April 22, 2005). "James A. Houston, Writer on Eskimo Life, Dies at 83" – via NYTimes.com.
- ^ Martin, Sandra (September 11, 2012). "Working the Dead Beat: 50 Lives that Changed Canada". House of Anansi – via Google Books.
- ^ a b "Inuit art adviser Terry Ryan had a passion for the Arctic" – via The Globe and Mail.
- ^ Auger, Emily Elisabeth (March 8, 2005). "The Way of Inuit Art: Aesthetics and History in and Beyond the Arctic". McFarland – via Google Books.
- ^ a b Foundation, Inuit Art. "What Gets Lost: The Canadian Eskimo Arts Council's Rejected Prints". Inuit Art Foundation.
- ^ http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.695.267&rep=rep1&type=pdf
- ^ http://greenandgold.uaa.alaska.edu/imagesGreenGold/%22The%20History%20of%20Baker%20Lake%22%20by%20Jennifer%20Alsop.pdf
- ^ News, Nunatsiaq (August 8, 2019). "Toronto gallery to digitize almost 100,000 Cape Dorset prints, drawings".
{{cite web}}
:|last=
has generic name (help) - ^ https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/cape-dorset-kenojuak-cultural-centre-1.4760423
- ^ News, Nunatsiaq (May 27, 2019). "Late Nunavut artist's work to be featured in travelling exhibit".
{{cite web}}
:|last=
has generic name (help)