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{{ |
{{Short description|Supposed village in North Korea, north of the DMZ}} |
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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| name = |
| name = Kijong-dong |
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| native_name = 기정동<br/>機井洞 |
| native_name = 기정동<br/>機井洞 |
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| native_name_lang = ko |
| native_name_lang = ko |
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| image_skyline = North Korean village Kijong-dong.JPEG |
| image_skyline = North Korean village Kijong-dong.JPEG |
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| image_caption = The Panmunjom flagpole, flying the flag of North Korea. |
| image_caption = The Panmunjom flagpole, flying the flag of North Korea. |
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| nickname = Propaganda Village |
| nickname = {{hlist|Peace Village|Propaganda Village}} |
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| pushpin_map = North Korea |
| pushpin_map = North Korea |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location in North Korea |
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in North Korea |
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| coordinates = {{coord|scale:1500|display=inline}} |
| coordinates = {{coord|scale:1500|display=inline}} |
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| subdivision_type = Country |
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| subdivision_name = {{flag|Democratic People's Republic of Korea}} |
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| subdivision_type1 = [[Special cities of North Korea|Special city]] |
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| subdivision_name1 = [[Kaesong|Kaesŏng-T'ŭkpyŏlsi]] |
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| subdivision_type2 = [[List of second-level administrative divisions of North Korea|Ward]] |
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| subdivision_name2 = [[Panmun-guyok|P'anmun-guyŏk]] |
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| subdivision_type3 = ''ri'' |
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| subdivision_name3 = P'yŏnghwa-ri |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Kijŏng-dong''' or ''' |
'''Kijŏng-dong''', '''Kijŏngdong''', or '''Kijŏng tong''' is reportedly a [[Potemkin village]] in P'yŏnghwa-ri ({{ko-hhrm|context=north|hangul=평화리|hanja=平和里}}),<ref name="cybernk">{{cite web|url=http://www.cybernk.net/infoText/InfoHumanCultureDetail.aspx?tid=CC060200029972|date=2007-12-08|publisher=평화문제연구소|location=[[Galhyeon-dong]], [[Seoul]]|language=Korean|script-title=ko:기정동(機井洞)[트느피마을, 틀늪]|work=북한지역정보넷 (North Korean Human geography)|accessdate=2010-04-11}}<!-- Only Chinese-language texts seem to use 氣靜洞, and I was unable to find anything to assert that 氣靜洞 are genuine hanja. — If the citation link dies, try the entry's "UCI" which is G001+KADO00-IPA.071208.D0.TCC060200029972 --></ref> [[Panmun-guyok]],{{efn|P'yŏnghwa-ri belonged to [[Panmun-guyok|P'anmun-gun]] ({{ko-hhrm|context=north|hangul=판문군|hanja=板門郡}}) until the creation of [[Kaesong Industrial Region]] in November 2002, when P'anmun-gun was dissolved and its territory divided among Kaesong, [[Changpung|Changp'ung-gun]] and [[Kaepung|Kaep'ung-gun]], P'yŏnghwa-ri joined Kaesong. in April 2020, P'yŏnghwa-ri incorporated with Panmun-guyok.}} [[Kaesong|Kaesong Special City]], [[North Korea]]. It is situated in the North's half of the [[Korean Demilitarized Zone]] (DMZ).<ref name="tran" /> Also known in North Korea as ''Peace Village'' ({{ko-hhrm|context=north|mr=p'yŏnghwach'on|hangul=평화촌|hanja=平和[[wikt:村|村]]}}),<ref name="tour">[https://www.apkindirelim.com "APK İndirelim"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206173653/https://www.apkindirelim.com/ |date=2022-02-06 }} November 12, 2006</ref> it has been widely referred to as 'Propaganda Village' ({{ko-hhrm|rr=seonjeon maeul|hangul=선전마을|hanja=宣傳마을}}) by those outside North Korea, especially in [[South Korea]]n and Western media.<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/dmz.htm "Korean Demilitarized Zone"] ''Globalsecurity.org''</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tourdmz.com/02dmz/p3-2.php|script-title=ko:북한의 기정동 선전마을|work=TourDMZ.com|accessdate=2006-10-09|language=ko}}</ref><ref name=kozaryn/><ref name=mansfield>{{cite news | last = Mansfield | first = Paul | title = 'This is Freedom Village,' said Sgt Manfull | work = [[The Independent]] | location = London | date = 1997-06-22 | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/this-is-freedom-village-said-sgt-manfull-1257275.html | accessdate = 2009-07-05 }}</ref><ref name=tran>{{cite news | last = Tran | first = Mark | title = Travelling into Korea's demilitarised zone: Run DMZ | work = [[The Guardian]] | location = London | date = 2008-06-06 | url = https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2008/jun/06/southkorea.northkorea | accessdate = 2009-07-05 | quote = Kijong-dong was built specially in the north area of DMZ. Designed to show the superiority of the communist model, it has no residents except soldiers.}}</ref> |
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Kijŏng-dong is one of two villages permitted to remain in the |
Kijŏng-dong is one of two villages permitted to remain in the {{Convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on|sp=us}} wide DMZ set up under the [[Korean Armistice Agreement|1953 armistice]] during the [[Korean War]];<ref name=kozaryn>{{cite news | last = Kozaryn | first = Linda D. | title = Cohen: Economic Failure Plagues North Korea | agency = [[American Forces Press Service]] | work = [[DefenseLink]]| publisher = [[U.S. Department of Defense]] | date = 1997-04-14 | url = http://www.defenselink.mil/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=40972 | accessdate = 2009-07-05}}</ref><ref name=flack/> the other is the South Korean village of [[Daeseong-dong]],<ref name=flack>{{cite news | last = Flack | first = T.D. | title = DMZ sixth-graders become graduates | work = [[Stars and Stripes (newspaper)|Stars and Stripes]] | edition = Pacific | location = Tokyo | date = 2008-02-19 | url = http://www.stripes.com/article.asp?section=104&article=52586 | accessdate = 2009-07-05 | archive-date = 2009-06-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090611232350/http://www.stripes.com/article.asp?section=104&article=52586 | url-status = dead }}</ref> {{convert|2.22|km|mi|sp=us}} away. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[File:Gijeong-ri Flag.jpg|thumb|The |
[[File:Gijeong-ri Flag.jpg|thumb|The Panmunjom [[flagpole]], the world's sixth-tallest, {{Convert|160|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} in height, flying a {{Convert|270|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} [[flag of North Korea]] over Kijŏng-dong, near [[Panmunjom]].]] |
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[[File:Propagandavillage.JPG|View of Kijŏng-dong|thumb]] |
[[File:Propagandavillage.JPG|View of Kijŏng-dong|thumb]] |
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The North Korean government says the village contains a 200-family [[collective farm]], serviced by a child care center, kindergarten, primary and secondary schools, and a hospital.<ref>''A Sightseeing Guide to Korea'' by Pang hwon Ju & Hwang Bong Hyok, Foreign Languages Publishing House, Pyongyang, DPRK. 1991</ref> However, the South says the town is an uninhabited village built in the 1950s in a [[Propaganda in North Korea|propaganda]] effort to encourage [[South Korean defectors|South Korean defection]] and to house the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) soldiers manning the network of artillery positions, fortifications and underground marshalling bunkers that surround the border zone.<ref name=tran/><ref name="tour"/><ref name="potts">Potts, Rolf. [http://www.salon.com/1999/02/03/feature_115/ Korea's No-Man's-Land]. ''[[Salon (website)|Salon]]'', February 3, 1999</ref><ref>Sullivan, Kevin. [http://www.stat.ualberta.ca/people/schmu/panmunjom.htm Borderline Absurdity: A Fun-Filled Tour of the Korean DMZ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430015102/http://www.stat.ualberta.ca/people/schmu/panmunjom.htm |date=2011-04-30 }}. ''[[Washington Post]]'' Foreign Service, January 11, 1998.</ref> |
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The village features a number of brightly |
The village features a number of brightly painted, poured-concrete multi-story buildings and apartments, many apparently wired for electricity. The town was oriented so that the bright blue roofs and white sides of the buildings next to the massive [[Flag of North Korea|DPRK flag]] would be the most distinguishing features when viewed from across the border. Scrutiny with modern telescopic lenses, however, has led to the conclusion that the buildings are concrete shells lacking window glass or even interior rooms,<ref name="potts"/><ref>O'Neill, Tom. "Korea's DMZ: Dangerous Divide". [[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]], July 2003.</ref> with building lights turned on and off at set times and empty sidewalks swept by caretakers in an effort to preserve the illusion of activity.<ref>{{cite web|last=Silpasornprasit|first=Susan |title=Day trip to the DMZ: A look inside the Korean Demilitarized Zone |publisher=IMCOM-Korea Region Public Affairs Office, US Army |url=http://imcom.korea.army.mil/imakoroweb/sites/local/news/020808_IMCOMK_DMZ.asp |accessdate=30 January 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330022530/http://imcom.korea.army.mil/imakoroweb/sites/local/news/020808_IMCOMK_DMZ.asp|archivedate=30 March 2009}}</ref> |
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The village is surrounded by extensive |
The village is surrounded by extensive cultivated fields, clearly visible to visitors to the North Korean side of the DMZ. |
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===Flagpole=== |
===Flagpole=== |
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In the 1980s, the South Korean government built a {{Convert| |
In the 1980s, the South Korean government built a {{Convert|100|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} tall [[flagpole]] with a {{Convert|130|kg|lb|0|adj=on}} [[flag of South Korea]] in [[Daeseong-dong]]<ref name=potts/> ({{Coord|37|56|30.24|N|126|40|48.07|E|scale:1000|display=inline}}). |
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The North Korean government responded by building an even taller one, the Panmunjom flagpole, at {{Convert|160|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} with a {{Convert|270|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} |
The North Korean government responded by building an even taller one, the Panmunjom flagpole, at {{Convert|160|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} with a {{Convert|270|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} flag of North Korea in Kijŏng-dong, {{Convert|1.2|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} across the demarcation line from South Korea ({{Coord|37|56|42.99|N|126|39|18.78|E|scale:1000|display=inline}}), in what some have called the "flagpole war". For over a decade, the flagpole was the tallest in the world.<ref name="potts"/> In 2010, the flagpole became the second-tallest flagpole in the world at the time, after the [[National Flag Square]] in [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]] at {{Convert|162|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name=potts/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/east/02/19/koreas.dmz/ |title=Korea's DMZ: 'Scariest place on Earth' |accessdate=2007-10-23 | date=2002-02-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://economy.ohmynews.com/articleview/article_blogview.asp?at_code=370439|script-title=ko:개성에 '구멍탄' 5만장 배달했습니다|work=economy.ohmynews.com|accessdate=2006-12-06|language=ko}}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It is now the [[List of flagpoles by height|sixth-tallest flagpole]] in the world, and the tallest supported one. |
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===Propaganda loudspeakers=== |
===Propaganda loudspeakers=== |
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Massive loudspeakers mounted on several of the buildings deliver DPRK propaganda broadcasts directed towards the South.<ref name="potts"/> Originally, |
Massive loudspeakers mounted on several of the buildings deliver DPRK propaganda broadcasts directed towards the South.<ref name="potts"/> Originally, the content extolled the North's virtues in great detail and urged disgruntled soldiers and farmers simply to walk across the border to be received as brothers.<ref name=dailypropaganda>{{cite web |url=http://dailypropaganda.com/2011/05/06/kijong-dong-north-korea/ |title=Kijŏng-dong, North Korea « Daily Propaganda |publisher=Dailypropaganda.com |date=2011-05-06 |accessdate=2012-02-21 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301193929/http://dailypropaganda.com/2011/05/06/kijong-dong-north-korea/ |archivedate=2012-03-01 }}</ref> As its value in inducing defections diminished over time, particularly as South Korea caught up with the North economically in the 1960s and 1970s,<ref>[http://upandgone.wordpress.com/2011/05/07/top-10-crazy-facts-about-kim-jong-il/]{{dead link|date=February 2012}}</ref> the content was switched to condemnatory [[Anti-Western sentiment|anti-Western]] speeches, [[agitprop]] operas, and patriotic [[marching music]] for up to 20 hours a day.<ref name=dailypropaganda /> For a period from 2004 to 2016, both North and South agreed to end their loudspeaker broadcasts at each other.<ref name=bbc-20040615>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/3807409.stm |title=Koreas switch off loudspeakers |publisher=BBC |date=15 June 2004 |accessdate=7 May 2013}}</ref> The broadcasts resumed after escalating tensions as a result of the [[January 2016 North Korean nuclear test|January 2016 nuclear test]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Korean loudspeakers_ What are the North and South shouting about_ – BBC News |work=[[BBC News]] |date=12 January 2016 |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-35278451 }}</ref> On 23 April 2018, both North and South Korea officially cancelled their border propaganda broadcasts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seo |first=Joshua Berlinger,Yoonjung |date=2018-04-23 |title=South Korea stops blasting propaganda as summit looms |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/23/asia/north-korea-south-korea-upcoming-summit-intl/index.html |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> |
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== |
== Notes == |
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{{notelist}} |
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*[[Potemkin village]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{succession box |
{{succession box |
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| before = _____ |
| before = _____ |
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| title = World's tallest flagpole |
| title = World's tallest flagpole |
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| years = |
| years = 1982 – September 2010 |
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| after = [[National Flag Square]] |
| after = [[National Flag Square]] |
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}} |
}} |
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{{s-end}} |
{{s-end}} |
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[[Category:Korean Demilitarized Zone]] |
[[Category:Korean Demilitarized Zone]] |
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[[Category:North Hwanghae]] |
[[Category:North Hwanghae]] |
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[[Category:Ghost towns in North Korea]] |
Latest revision as of 13:13, 17 April 2024
Kijong-dong
기정동 機井洞 | |
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Nicknames:
| |
Coordinates: 37°56′43″N 126°39′20″E / 37.9453°N 126.6556°E | |
Country | North Korea |
Special city | Kaesŏng-T'ŭkpyŏlsi |
Ward | P'anmun-guyŏk |
ri | P'yŏnghwa-ri |
Kijŏng-dong, Kijŏngdong, or Kijŏng tong is reportedly a Potemkin village in P'yŏnghwa-ri (Korean: 평화리; Hancha: 平和里),[1] Panmun-guyok,[a] Kaesong Special City, North Korea. It is situated in the North's half of the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ).[2] Also known in North Korea as Peace Village (Korean: 평화촌; Hancha: 平和村; MR: p'yŏnghwach'on),[3] it has been widely referred to as 'Propaganda Village' (Korean: 선전마을; Hanja: 宣傳마을; RR: seonjeon maeul) by those outside North Korea, especially in South Korean and Western media.[4][5][6][7][2]
Kijŏng-dong is one of two villages permitted to remain in the 4 km (2.5 mi) wide DMZ set up under the 1953 armistice during the Korean War;[6][8] the other is the South Korean village of Daeseong-dong,[8] 2.22 kilometers (1.38 mi) away.
History
The North Korean government says the village contains a 200-family collective farm, serviced by a child care center, kindergarten, primary and secondary schools, and a hospital.[9] However, the South says the town is an uninhabited village built in the 1950s in a propaganda effort to encourage South Korean defection and to house the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) soldiers manning the network of artillery positions, fortifications and underground marshalling bunkers that surround the border zone.[2][3][10][11]
The village features a number of brightly painted, poured-concrete multi-story buildings and apartments, many apparently wired for electricity. The town was oriented so that the bright blue roofs and white sides of the buildings next to the massive DPRK flag would be the most distinguishing features when viewed from across the border. Scrutiny with modern telescopic lenses, however, has led to the conclusion that the buildings are concrete shells lacking window glass or even interior rooms,[10][12] with building lights turned on and off at set times and empty sidewalks swept by caretakers in an effort to preserve the illusion of activity.[13]
The village is surrounded by extensive cultivated fields, clearly visible to visitors to the North Korean side of the DMZ.
Flagpole
In the 1980s, the South Korean government built a 100 m (328 ft) tall flagpole with a 130-kilogram (287 lb) flag of South Korea in Daeseong-dong[10] (37°56′30.24″N 126°40′48.07″E / 37.9417333°N 126.6800194°E).
The North Korean government responded by building an even taller one, the Panmunjom flagpole, at 160 m (525 ft) with a 270 kg (595 lb) flag of North Korea in Kijŏng-dong, 1.2 km (0.7 mi) across the demarcation line from South Korea (37°56′42.99″N 126°39′18.78″E / 37.9452750°N 126.6552167°E), in what some have called the "flagpole war". For over a decade, the flagpole was the tallest in the world.[10] In 2010, the flagpole became the second-tallest flagpole in the world at the time, after the National Flag Square in Baku, Azerbaijan at 162 m (531 ft).[10][14][15] It is now the sixth-tallest flagpole in the world, and the tallest supported one.
Propaganda loudspeakers
Massive loudspeakers mounted on several of the buildings deliver DPRK propaganda broadcasts directed towards the South.[10] Originally, the content extolled the North's virtues in great detail and urged disgruntled soldiers and farmers simply to walk across the border to be received as brothers.[16] As its value in inducing defections diminished over time, particularly as South Korea caught up with the North economically in the 1960s and 1970s,[17] the content was switched to condemnatory anti-Western speeches, agitprop operas, and patriotic marching music for up to 20 hours a day.[16] For a period from 2004 to 2016, both North and South agreed to end their loudspeaker broadcasts at each other.[18] The broadcasts resumed after escalating tensions as a result of the January 2016 nuclear test.[19] On 23 April 2018, both North and South Korea officially cancelled their border propaganda broadcasts.[20]
Notes
- ^ P'yŏnghwa-ri belonged to P'anmun-gun (Korean: 판문군; Hancha: 板門郡) until the creation of Kaesong Industrial Region in November 2002, when P'anmun-gun was dissolved and its territory divided among Kaesong, Changp'ung-gun and Kaep'ung-gun, P'yŏnghwa-ri joined Kaesong. in April 2020, P'yŏnghwa-ri incorporated with Panmun-guyok.
References
- ^ 기정동(機井洞)[트느피마을, 틀늪]. 북한지역정보넷 (North Korean Human geography) (in Korean). Galhyeon-dong, Seoul: 평화문제연구소. 2007-12-08. Retrieved 2010-04-11.
- ^ a b c Tran, Mark (2008-06-06). "Travelling into Korea's demilitarised zone: Run DMZ". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2009-07-05.
Kijong-dong was built specially in the north area of DMZ. Designed to show the superiority of the communist model, it has no residents except soldiers.
- ^ a b "APK İndirelim" Archived 2022-02-06 at the Wayback Machine November 12, 2006
- ^ "Korean Demilitarized Zone" Globalsecurity.org
- ^ 북한의 기정동 선전마을. TourDMZ.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2006-10-09.
- ^ a b Kozaryn, Linda D. (1997-04-14). "Cohen: Economic Failure Plagues North Korea". DefenseLink. U.S. Department of Defense. American Forces Press Service. Retrieved 2009-07-05.
- ^ Mansfield, Paul (1997-06-22). "'This is Freedom Village,' said Sgt Manfull". The Independent. London. Retrieved 2009-07-05.
- ^ a b Flack, T.D. (2008-02-19). "DMZ sixth-graders become graduates". Stars and Stripes (Pacific ed.). Tokyo. Archived from the original on 2009-06-11. Retrieved 2009-07-05.
- ^ A Sightseeing Guide to Korea by Pang hwon Ju & Hwang Bong Hyok, Foreign Languages Publishing House, Pyongyang, DPRK. 1991
- ^ a b c d e f Potts, Rolf. Korea's No-Man's-Land. Salon, February 3, 1999
- ^ Sullivan, Kevin. Borderline Absurdity: A Fun-Filled Tour of the Korean DMZ Archived 2011-04-30 at the Wayback Machine. Washington Post Foreign Service, January 11, 1998.
- ^ O'Neill, Tom. "Korea's DMZ: Dangerous Divide". National Geographic, July 2003.
- ^ Silpasornprasit, Susan. "Day trip to the DMZ: A look inside the Korean Demilitarized Zone". IMCOM-Korea Region Public Affairs Office, US Army. Archived from the original on 30 March 2009. Retrieved 30 January 2009.
- ^ "Korea's DMZ: 'Scariest place on Earth'". 2002-02-20. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
- ^ 개성에 '구멍탄' 5만장 배달했습니다. economy.ohmynews.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2006-12-06.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b "Kijŏng-dong, North Korea « Daily Propaganda". Dailypropaganda.com. 2011-05-06. Archived from the original on 2012-03-01. Retrieved 2012-02-21.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "Koreas switch off loudspeakers". BBC. 15 June 2004. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
- ^ "Korean loudspeakers_ What are the North and South shouting about_ – BBC News". BBC News. 12 January 2016.
- ^ Seo, Joshua Berlinger,Yoonjung (2018-04-23). "South Korea stops blasting propaganda as summit looms". CNN. Retrieved 2023-10-06.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)