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==History== |
==History== |
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The territory of the Kharkiv oblast has been permanently inhabited since at least the late [[Paleolithic]] period (10,000–12,000 years ago) but archaeological evidence indicates a human ([[Neanderthal]]) presence as early as the Mousterian period some 80,000 years ago. |
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The territory was relatively sparsely inhabited until the 1630s, when large numbers of [[Ukrainians]] began to settle there before and during the [[Khmelnytsky Uprising]]. Most of the settlers were migrants from the [[Dnieper]] region, many of whom were fleeing fighting between [[Cossacks]], [[Poles]] and [[Tatars]]. They called the newly settled region the ''[[Sloboda Ukraine]]'' <!-- ("word sloboda means fortress, mostly made of wood") - not true. Fortress is Ostrog. Sloboda=Svoboda=Freedom --> or ''Slobozhanshchina'' (as the area is still sometimes called) and ruled it from the newly established fortress-city of [[Kharkiv]] (founded 1654). In 1654, the region was incorporated into [[Muscovy]] (and subsequently the [[Russian Empire]]) under the terms of the [[Treaty of Pereyaslav]]. |
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Over the next centuries, the area became heavily Russified. [[Kharkov Governorate]] (Russian: Ха́рьковская губе́рния) was established in 1797 as a governorate of the Russian Empire and disestablished in 1919. Kharkiv itself became one of the cultural and administrative centres of the Russian Empire in the mid-18th century, and served as the capital of the [[Ukrainian SSR]] from 1919 until 1934. |
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During the [[Russian Civil War|Civil War]], on June 25, 1919, the whiteguards created military [[Kharkiv Oblast (Armed Forces of South Russia)|Kharkiv Oblast]] of the [[Armed Forces of South Russia]] ([[:ru:Харьковская область (ВСЮР)|Харьковская область (ВСЮР)]]). On December 12, 1919 the Oblast was disestablished giving its place back to the Kharkov Governorate (1919–1923). |
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The administrative unit of the Kharkov Governorate was initially preserved in early years of [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Soviet Ukraine]] (from 1922 a constituent republic of the [[Soviet Union|USSR]]) with some territorial changes. |
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According to linguist [[George Shevelov]] in the early [[1920]]s the share of [[secondary schools]] teaching in the [[Ukrainian language]] was lower than the share of the Oblasts ethnic [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] population.<ref>[http://balticworlds.com/games-from-the-past/ Games from the Past: The continuity and change of the identity dynamic in Donbas from a historical perspective ], [[Södertörn University]] (May 19, 2014)</ref> Even though the [[Soviet Union]] had ordered that all schools in the [[Ukrainian SSR]] should be Ukrainian speaking (as part of its [[Ukrainization]] policy).<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Nn3xDTiL0PQC&pg=PA1&dq=official+languages+Soviet+Union&client=firefox-a&cd=6#v=onepage&q=%22official%20language%22&f=false Language Policy in the Soviet Union] by [[Lenore Grenoble]], [[Springer Science+Business Media]], 2003, ISBN 978-1-4020-1298-3 (page 84)</ref> |
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During the [[Soviet administrative reform of 1923–1929]], in 1925, the Kharkov Governorate was abolished and a part of it became subordinate to the capital (Kharkov) of the Ukrainian SSR until 1932. |
During the [[Soviet administrative reform of 1923–1929]], in 1925, the Kharkov Governorate was abolished and a part of it became subordinate to the capital (Kharkov) of the Ukrainian SSR until 1932. |
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Revision as of 23:19, 7 March 2015
Template:Infobox Ukrainian oblast
Kharkiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Харківська область, translit. Kharkivs’ka oblast’; also referred to as Kharkivshchyna – Ukrainian: Харківщина, Russian: Харьковская область, translit. Khar’kovskaya oblast’) is an oblast (province) in eastern Ukraine. The oblast borders Russia to the north, Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the south-east, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the south-west, Poltava Oblast to the west and Sumy Oblast to the north-west. The area of the oblast is 31,400 km², corresponding to 5.2% of the total territory of Ukraine.
The oblast is the third most populous province of Ukraine, with a population of 2,857,751 in 2004, more than half (1.5 million) of whom live in the city of Kharkiv, the oblast's administrative center. While the Russian language is primarily spoken in the cities of Kharkiv oblast, elsewhere in the oblast most inhabitants speak Ukrainian.
History
During the Soviet administrative reform of 1923–1929, in 1925, the Kharkov Governorate was abolished and a part of it became subordinate to the capital (Kharkov) of the Ukrainian SSR until 1932.
The modern Kharkiv oblast is a relatively recent creation, having been established on 27 February 1932. During the Holodomor the population of the Kharkiv Oblast together with Kiev Oblast suffered the most. The region saw major fighting during World War II in several Battles of Kharkov between 1941 and 1943.
During the 1991 referendum, 86.33% of votes in Kharkiv Oblast were in favor of the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine. A survey conducted in December 2014 by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology found 4.2% of the oblast's population supported their region joining Russia, 71.5% did not support the idea, and the rest were undecided or did not respond.[1] A poll by Alexei Navalny also found little support for becoming part of Russia.[2]
Points of interest
The following sites were nominated for the Seven Wonders of Ukraine.
Demographics
Its population in 2001 was 2,895,800 million (1,328,900 males (45,9%) and 1,566,900 females (54,1%)).
At the 2001 census, the ethnic groups within the Kharkiv Oblast were:
- Ukrainians – 70.7%,
- Russians – 25.6%,
- Belorussians – 0.5%
- Jews – 0.4%,
- Armenians – 0.4%,
- Azeris – 0.2%,
- Georgians – 0.15%,
- Tatars – 0.14%,
- others – 2.1%,;
the groups by native language:
Age structure
- 0-14 years: 12.6%
(male 177,464/female 167,321)
- 15-64 years: 72.2%
(male 945,695/female 1,024,841)
- 65 years and over: 15.2%
(male 135,737/female 277,725) (2013 official)
Median age
- total: 40.5 years
- male: 36.9 years
- female: 44.1 years
(2013 official)
Economy
The Kharkiv oblast has a primarily industrially based economy, including engineering, metallurgy, manufacturing, production of chemicals and food processing. It also has an important agricultural sector with 19,000 square kilometres of arable land (comprising 5.9% of the total arable lands of Ukraine).
Also in Kharkiv is the Airplane plant for space controlling systems. It is a major center for all branches of engineering, from large-scale manufacture to microelectronics. Also situated in Kharkiv Oblast is a gas field, which is one of the biggest in Ukraine.
Subdivisions
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Kharkiv_oblast_detail_map.png/175px-Kharkiv_oblast_detail_map.png)
The Kharkiv Oblast is administratively subdivided into 27 raions (districts), as well as 7 cities (municipalities) which are directly subordinate to the oblast government: Chuhuiv, Izium, Kupiansk, Liubotyn, Lozova, Pervomaiskyi, and the administrative center of the oblast, Kharkiv.
In English | In Ukrainian | Administrative Center | |
---|---|---|---|
Balakliyskyi Raion | Балаклійський район Balakliys'kyi raion |
Balakliia (City) | |
Barvinkivskyi Raion | Барвінківський район Barvinkivs'kyi raion |
Barvinkove (City) | |
Blyzniukivskyi Raion | Близнюківський район Blyzniukivs'kyi raion |
Blyzniuky (Urban-type settlement) | |
Bohodukhivskyi Raion | Богодухівський район Bohodukhivs'kyi raion |
Bohodukhiv (City) | |
Borivskyi Raion | Борівський район Borivs'kyi raion |
Borova (Urban-type settlement) | |
Chuhuivskyi Raion | Чугуївський район Chuhuivs'kyi raion |
Chuhuiv (City) | |
Derhachivskyi Raion | Дергачівський район Derhachivs'kyi raion |
Derhachi (City) | |
Dvorichanskyi Raion | Дворічанський район Dvorichans'kyi raion |
Dvorichna (Urban-type settlement) | |
Iziumskyi Raion | Ізюмський район Iziums'kyi raion |
Izyum (City) | |
Kehychivskyi Raion | Кегичівський район Kehychivs'kyi raion |
Kehychivka (Urban-type settlement) | |
Kharkivskyi Raion | Харківський район Kharkivs'kyi raion |
Kharkiv (City) | |
Kolomatskyi Raion | Коломацький район Kolomats'kyi raion |
Kolomak (Urban-type settlement) | |
Krasnohradskyi Raion | Красноградський район Krasnohrads'kyi raion |
Krasnohrad (City) | |
Krasnokutskyi Raion | Краснокутський район Krasnokuts'kyi raion |
Krasnokutsk (Urban-type settlement) | |
Kupyanskyi Raion | Куп'янський район Kupyans'kyi raion |
Kupiansk (City) | |
Lozivskyi Raion | Лозівський район Lozivs'kyi raion |
Lozova (City) | |
Novovodolazkyi Raion | Нововодолазький район Novovodolaz'kyi raion |
Nova Vodolaha (Urban-type settlement) | |
Pechenizkyi Raion | Печенізький район Pecheniz'kyi raion |
Pechenihy (Urban-type settlement) | |
Pervomaiskyi Raion | Первомайський район Pervomais'kyi raion |
Pervomaiskyi (City) | |
Sakhnovshchynskyi Raion | Сахновщинський район Sakhnovshchyns'kyi raion |
Sakhnovshchyna (Urban-type settlement) | |
Shevchenkivskyi Raion | Шевченківський район Shevchenkivs'kyi raion |
Shevchenkove (Urban-type settlement) | |
Valkivskyi Raion | Валківський район Valkivs'kyi raion |
Valky (City) | |
Velykoburlutskyi Raion | Великобурлуцький район Velykoburluts'kyi raion |
Velykyi Burluk (Urban-type settlement) | |
Vovchanskyi Raion | Вовчанський район Vovchans'kyi raion |
Vovchansk (City) | |
Zachepylivskyi Raion | Зачепилівський район Zachepylivs'kyi raion |
Zachepylivka (Urban-type settlement) | |
Zmiivskyi Raion | Зміївський район Zmiyivs'kyi raion |
Zmiiv (City) | |
Zolochivskyi Raion | Золочівський район Zolochivs'kyi raion |
Zolochiv (Urban-type settlement) |
Nomenclature
Most of Ukraine's oblasts are named after their capital cities, officially referred to as "oblast centers" (Ukrainian: обласний центр, translit. oblasnyi tsentr). The name of each oblast is a relative adjective, formed by adding a feminine suffix to the name of respective center city: Kharkiv is the center of the Kharkivs’ka oblast’ (Kharkiv Oblast). Most oblasts are also sometimes referred to in a feminine noun form, following the convention of traditional regional place names, ending with the suffix "-shchyna", as is the case with the Kharkiv Oblast, Kharkivshchyna.
Sport
It has a regional federation within Ukrainian Bandy and Rink bandy Federation.[1]
Notes
- ^ "Лише 3% українців хочуть приєднання їх області до Росії". Dzerkalo Tyzhnia (in Ukrainian). 3 January 2015.
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