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|
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{{for|the retail store chain|Kathmandu (company)}} |
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{{Infobox City |
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|official_name = Kathmandu |
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|<ref>Kathmandu Metropolitan City office, Bagdarbar</ref> |
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|image_skyline = Ktm049.jpg |
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|imagesize = 250px |
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|image_caption = A clear morning in Kathmandu. |
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|image_seal = |
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|image_map = |
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|mapsize = |
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|map_caption = |
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|subdivision_type = [[List of countries|Country]] |
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|subdivision_type1 = Regional Authority |
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|subdivision_name = [[Nepal]] |
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|subdivision_name1 = [[Kathmandu Metropolitan City]] |
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|leader_title = CEO |
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|leader_name = Dinesh Thapaliya <ref>[http://www.kathmandu.gov.np/mayorsmessage/index.html Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Message from CEO]</ref> |
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|area_magnitude = |
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|area_total_sq_mi = |
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|area_total_km2 = 50.67 |
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|population_as_of = 2006 |
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|population_total = 822930 |
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|population_urban = |
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|population_metro = 1442271 |
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|population_density_km2 = 16241 |
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|population_density_sq_mi = |
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|timezone = GMT+5:45 |
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|utc_offset = |
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|latd=27 |latm=42 |lats=00 |latNS=N |
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|elevation_m = 1355 |
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|website = http://www.kathmandu.gov.np/ |
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}} |
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'''Kathmandu''' ({{lang-ne|काठमाडौं, काठमान्डु}}, {{lang-new|यें}}) is the [[capital]] and the largest city of [[Nepal]]. The city is situated in Kathmandu Valley that also contains two other cities - [[Patan]] and [[Bhaktapur]]. The original inhabitants of Kathmandu are called [[Newars]], who speak a language called [[Nepal Bhasa]]. However, [[Nepali language|Nepali]] is the [[lingua francacum]] of the valley and is the most widely spoken language. The city stands at an elevation of approximately 2,230m (6,235 ft) and is inhabited by about 0.5 million people. Kathmandu is located at {{coor dm|27|23|N|85|22|E|}} (27.71667, 85.36667). |
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==History== |
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The Kathmandu Valley may have been inhabited as early as [[100 BC]], but the oldest known objects in the valley date to a few hundred years BC. The earliest known inscription is dated 185 AD. The oldest firmly dated building in the earthquake-prone valley is almost 1,992 years old. It is said that the [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]] and his disciples spent some time in the area of present-day butan in the [[9th century BC|6<sup>th</sup> century BC]], although there is no evidence for this. Four [[stupa]]s around the city of Patan said to have been erected by Charumati, daughter of [[Ashoka the Great]], a [[Mauryan]] king, in the [[3rd century BC|3<sup>rd</sup> century BC]] attest to the ancient history present within the valley. As with the tales of the Buddha's visit, there is no evidence supporting Ashoka's visit, but the stupas probably do date to that century. The [[Kirant|Kirat]]s are the first documented rulers of the Kathmandu Valley, the remains of their palace are said to be in Patan near [[Hiranyavarna Mahavihara]] (called "Patukodon"). The [[Licchavi|Licchavi Dynasty]] whose earliest inscriptions date back to [[464]] AD were the next rulers of the valley and had close ties with the [[Gupta Dynasty]] of [[India]]. The [[Malla (Nepal)|Malla Dynasty]] consisted of [[Newar]] rulers, who ruled Kathmandu Valley and the surrounding area from the [[12th century|12<sup>th</sup> century]] till the [[17th century|17<sup>th</sup> century]] when the [[Nepalese monarchy|Shah Dynasty]] under [[Prithvi Narayan Shah]] conquered the valley as he created present-day Nepal. Most of ancient [[Nepalese architecture]] present in [[Nepal]] today is from the [[Malla]]/[[Newar]] era. |
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[[Image:Pashupatinathskc.JPG|thumb|left|The temple of [[Pashupatinath temple|Pashupatinath]].]] |
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The city of Kathmandu is named after a structure in Durbar Square called Kaasthamandap. In [[Sanskrit]], ''Kaasth'' ({{lang-sa2|काष्ठ}}) = "wood" and ''Mandap'' ({{lang-sa2|मंडप/मण्डप}}) = "covered shelter." This unique temple, also known as Maru Satal, was built in [[1596]] A.D. by King [[Laxmi Narsingh Malla.]] The entire structure contains no iron nails or supports and is made entirely from wood. Legend has it that the timber used for this two story pagoda was obtained from a single tree. |
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Kathmandu is also sometimes called "Kantipur". [[Newars]], the native people of the [[Kathmandu]] valley use the original term from [[Nepal Bhasa]], Yne. |
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==Present== |
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The Kathmandu Valley consists of two primary cities: Kathmandu itself, Lalitpur Lalitpur and Kathmandu run up right against each other (again, separated only by the Bagmati river), while Bhaktapur is set off much closer to the eastern foothills. |
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<!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image:swayanb.JPG|thumb|Swoyambhunath, an ancient Buddhist Stupa on a top of a beautiful hill]] --> |
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Kathmandu itself is home to most of the government offices, embassies, corporate houses, and the palace. The King's Palace stands right next to [[Thamel]] - the tourist hub of the country. Thamel consists of two parallel streets just to the west of the palace. It is home to different hotels, ranging from different stars. The palace is at the head of Durbar Marg, a street lined with various shops. |
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Most of the streets in Kathmandu are named from [[Nepal Bhasa]], owing its origin to the rich Newari Culture and heritage. |
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The "old" city is noted for its many [[Buddhist]] and [[Hindu]] temples and palaces, most dating to the 17<sup>th</sup> century. Many of these landmarks have been damaged by [[earthquake]]s and pollution. This valley hosts an [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]]s composed by seven different Monument Zones: The centers of the three primary cities, Kathmandu Hanuman Dhoka, Patan and Bhaktapur, the two most important Buddhist stupas, [[Swayambhunath]] and [[Boudhanath]] and two famous Hindu shrines, [[Pashupatinath temple]] and [[Changu Narayan]]. Since [[2003]] the site has been inscribed in the [[World Heritage List]] as being "in danger" out of concern for the ongoing loss of authenticity and the outstanding universal value of the cultural property. |
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Kathmandu has been popular with western tourists since the [[1960s]] when it became a key stop on the [[hippie trail]], when Jho: Chhee (Nepal Bhasa, continuous house)(Freak Street) was the one of the main location. It is also the subject of a popular [[Bob Seger]] song for the same reason. |
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[[Tribhuvan International Airport]] is located about 6 km from the city center, offering domestic and international flights. |
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== Musical inspiration == |
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[[Cat Stevens]] wrote a song titled "Katmandu" which appeared in his 1970 album, ''[[Mona Bone Jakon]]''. |
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Rock musician [[Bob Seger]] wrote a song titled "Katmandu" which appeared on his 1975 album, ''[[Beautiful Loser]]''. |
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A Russian rock band [[Krematorij]] had a song titled "Kathmandu" on their 2000 album ''Three Springs''. |
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The Argentinian musician [[Fito Páez]] has a song called ''Tráfico por Katmandú'' ("Traffic through Kathmandu" in English) |
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[[New age music|New age]] guitarist [[Will Ackerman]] has a song called "A Happy Home in Kathmandu" on his 1993 album ''The Opening of Doors''. |
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== Gallery == |
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<gallery> |
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Image:Basantapurpalace.JPG|The palace in the Kathmandu Durbar Square. |
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Image:Bhairava_Kathmandu_1972.jpg|[[Bhairava]] sculpture, Durbar Square market place [[1972]]. |
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Image:KatmanduMarket1920.jpg|A view of Kathmandu Durbar Square from [[1920]]. [[Bhairava]] in the background. |
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Image:KatmanduDurbarMarket2007.jpg| Same as the picture to the left but from [[2007]], shot for comparison. |
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Image:Small stupa in Kathmandu.jpg|Small stupa in Kathmandu |
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Image:Stone carving in Kathmandu.jpg|Stone carving in Kathmandu street |
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Image:DSCI0441.JPG|View over Kathmandu |
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Image:Durbar-seller.jpg|A seller warming himself up in [[Durbar Square]], Kathmandu, Nepal (pre-[[prohibition]]) |
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Image:IMG 0361 Kathmandu Bodnath.jpg|[[Boudnanath Stupa]] in Kathmandu, Nepal |
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Image:IMG 0469 Kathmandu Pashupatinath.jpg|[[Pashupatinath Temple]] in Kathmandu, Nepal |
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Image:IMG 0483 Kathmandu Pashupatinath.jpg|Pashupatinath temple in Kathmandu, Nepal |
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Image:Kathmandu Pedicab 2001.jpg|Pedicab driver in Kathmandu near Durbar Square |
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</gallery> |
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==Sister cities== |
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*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Eugene, Oregon]], [[USA]] |
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*{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Matsumoto, Nagano]], [[Japan]] |
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*{{flagicon|China}} [[Xi'an]], [[People's Republic of China]] |
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*{{flagicon|Myanmar}} [[Yangon]], [[Myanmar]] |
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*{{flagicon|Belarus}} [[Minsk]], [[Belarus]] |
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*{{flagicon|North Korea}} [[Pyongyang|P'yŏngyang]], [[North Korea]] |
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==See also== |
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*[[Tribhuvan International Airport]] |
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*[[Kathmandu valley]] |
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==Footnotes== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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{{Commons|Kathmandu}} |
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* {{wikitravel}} |
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* [http://euccnepal.org.np/ european union cultural centre] |
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* [http://www.asiairnet.org/publications/pubs/bimala.pdf Air pollution status in Kathmandu] |
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* [http://www.nepalphotogallery.com/kathmandu.htm Images and Photos from Kathmandu] |
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* [http://www.flickr.com/photos/akkermans/tags/kathmandu/ Kathmandu images on Flickr] |
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* [http://www.nepaltrailblazer.com/nepal/interesting_places_to_see_nepal.php Kathmandu Valley and other interesting places to visit in Nepal] |
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* [http://www.mapmandu.com Explore and Discover Kathmandu on a digital Map ] |
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{{coor title dm|27|43|N|85|22|E}} |
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{{Asian capitals}} |
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{{Newar}} |
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[[Category:Kathmandu]] |
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[[Category:Capitals in Asia]] |
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[[Category:Cities and towns in Nepal]] |
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[[Category:Newar]] |
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[[am:ካትማንዱ]] |
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[[ar:كاثماندو]] |
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[[bn:কাঠমান্ডু]] |
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[[bo:ཀཋ་མན་གྲུ]] |
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[[bs:Katmandu]] |
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[[cs:Káthmándú]] |
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[[gu:કાઠમંડુ]] |
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[[ko:카트만두]] |
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[[hy:Կատմանդու]] |
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[[ja:カトマンズ]] |
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[[zh:加德滿都]] |
Revision as of 05:17, 17 September 2007
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