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'''Junk food''' is a derisive [[slang]] term for food that is of little [[nutritional value]] and often high in [[fat]], [[sugar]], [[salt]], and [[calorie]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=How to Junk a Junk-Food Diet|url=http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=1&ContentID=4207|website=University of Rochester Medical Center|publisher=University of Rochester Medical Center|accessdate=17 October 2014}}</ref><ref>[http://www.diet.com/g/glossary Glossary<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&safe=off&client=firefox-a&hs=blB&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&q=junk+food&tbs=dfn:1&tbo=u&sa=X&ei=VLQgToj7KObf0QGfpPTJAw&ved=0CEsQkQ4 junk food - Google Search<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> It is widely believed that the term was coined by [[Michael Jacobson]], director of the [[Center for Science in the Public Interest]], in 1972.<ref name="BBC News 1">{{cite news|last=O'Neill|first=Brendon|title=Is this what you call junk food?|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=November 30, 2006|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/6187234.stm |accessdate=June 29, 2010}}</ref> |
'''Junk food''' is a derisive [[slang]] term for food that is of little [[nutritional value]] and often high in [[fat]], [[sugar]], [[salt]], and [[calorie]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=How to Junk a Junk-Food Diet|url=http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=1&ContentID=4207|website=University of Rochester Medical Center|publisher=University of Rochester Medical Center|accessdate=17 October 2014}}</ref><ref>[http://www.diet.com/g/glossary Glossary<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&safe=off&client=firefox-a&hs=blB&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&q=junk+food&tbs=dfn:1&tbo=u&sa=X&ei=VLQgToj7KObf0QGfpPTJAw&ved=0CEsQkQ4 junk food - Google Search<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> It is widely believed that the term was coined by [[Michael Jacobson]], director of the [[Center for Science in the Public Interest]], in 1972.<ref name="BBC News 1">{{cite news|last=O'Neill|first=Brendon|title=Is this what you call junk food?|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=November 30, 2006|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/6187234.stm |accessdate=June 29, 2010}}</ref> |
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Junk foods typically contain high levels of calories from sugar or fat with little [[Protein (nutrient)|protein]], [[vitamins]] or [[Dietary mineral|minerals]]. Foods commonly considered junk foods include salted [[snack food]]s, [[Chewing gum|gum]], [[candy]], sweet [[dessert]]s, [[Deep frying|fried]] [[fast food]], and sugary [[carbonated beverages]].<ref name="Ask the Dietitian">Larsen, Joeanne; MS, RD, LD http://www.dietitian.com/junkfood.html</ref> Many foods such as [[hamburgers]], [[pizza]], and [[taco]]s can be considered either healthy or junk food depending on their ingredients and preparation methods.<ref name="notjunk">{{cite web | url=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/10/131031103307.htm | title=Pizza perfect! A nutritional overhaul of 'junk food,' ready-meals is possible | publisher=ScienceDaily | date=31 October 2013 | accessdate=14 November 2014 | author=University of Glasgow}}</ref> The more highly [[Processed food|processed]] items usually fall under the junk food category |
Junk foods typically contain high levels of calories from sugar or fat with little [[Protein (nutrient)|protein]], [[vitamins]] or [[Dietary mineral|minerals]]. Foods commonly considered junk foods include salted [[snack food]]s, [[Chewing gum|gum]], [[candy]], sweet [[dessert]]s, [[Deep frying|fried]] [[fast food]], and sugary [[carbonated beverages]].<ref name="Ask the Dietitian">Larsen, Joeanne; MS, RD, LD http://www.dietitian.com/junkfood.html</ref> Many foods such as [[hamburgers]], [[pizza]], and [[taco]]s can be considered either healthy or junk food depending on their ingredients and preparation methods.<ref name="notjunk">{{cite web | url=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/10/131031103307.htm | title=Pizza perfect! A nutritional overhaul of 'junk food,' ready-meals is possible | publisher=ScienceDaily | date=31 October 2013 | accessdate=14 November 2014 | author=University of Glasgow}}</ref> The more highly [[Processed food|processed]] items usually fall under the junk food category,<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/linda-larrowe-bergersen/what-makes-a-food-ijunki_b_663571.html | work=Huffington Post | title=What Makes a Food Junk? | date=4 August 2010}}</ref>including breakfast cereals which contain sugar or high-fructose corn syrup and white flour or milled corn<ref>{{cite web|last1=Magee|first1=Elaine|title=Junk-Food Facts|url=http://www.webmd.com/diet/features/junk-food-facts|website=WebMD}}</ref>.What is and is not junk food can also depend on the person's class and social status, with wealthier people tending to have a broader definition while lower-income consumers may see fewer foods as junk food. Especially in the case of ethnic foods, a classification as “junk food” could be perceived as rather offensive, given that such foods have been prepared and consumed for centuries and may contain healthy ingredients. |
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Despite being labeled as "[[Waste|junk]]," such foods usually do not pose any immediate health concerns and are generally safe when integrated into a well balanced diet.<ref>[http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-junk-food.htm What Is Junk Food? (with pictures)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.webmd.com/diet/features/junk-food-facts Junk-Food Facts<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> "A high ratio of [[television ads]] for junk foods" was a cause of alarm for the [[McGovern committee]] in 1977.<ref>Warren Belasco (1989) ''Appetite for Change: how the counterculture took on the food industry 1966 — 1988'', page 150, [[Pantheon Books]] ISBN 0394543998</ref> |
Despite being labeled as "[[Waste|junk]]," such foods usually do not pose any immediate health concerns and are generally safe when integrated into a well balanced diet.<ref>[http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-junk-food.htm What Is Junk Food? (with pictures)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.webmd.com/diet/features/junk-food-facts Junk-Food Facts<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> "A high ratio of [[television ads]] for junk foods" was a cause of alarm for the [[McGovern committee]] in 1977.<ref>Warren Belasco (1989) ''Appetite for Change: how the counterculture took on the food industry 1966 — 1988'', page 150, [[Pantheon Books]] ISBN 0394543998</ref> |
Revision as of 22:22, 1 February 2015
Junk food is a derisive slang term for food that is of little nutritional value and often high in fat, sugar, salt, and calories.[1][2][3] It is widely believed that the term was coined by Michael Jacobson, director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, in 1972.[4]
Junk foods typically contain high levels of calories from sugar or fat with little protein, vitamins or minerals. Foods commonly considered junk foods include salted snack foods, gum, candy, sweet desserts, fried fast food, and sugary carbonated beverages.[5] Many foods such as hamburgers, pizza, and tacos can be considered either healthy or junk food depending on their ingredients and preparation methods.[6] The more highly processed items usually fall under the junk food category,[7]including breakfast cereals which contain sugar or high-fructose corn syrup and white flour or milled corn[8].What is and is not junk food can also depend on the person's class and social status, with wealthier people tending to have a broader definition while lower-income consumers may see fewer foods as junk food. Especially in the case of ethnic foods, a classification as “junk food” could be perceived as rather offensive, given that such foods have been prepared and consumed for centuries and may contain healthy ingredients.
Despite being labeled as "junk," such foods usually do not pose any immediate health concerns and are generally safe when integrated into a well balanced diet.[9][10] "A high ratio of television ads for junk foods" was a cause of alarm for the McGovern committee in 1977.[11]
Health effects
Eating junk food is a major cause of obesity. Researchers at Harvard University predict that by 2050, 42 percent of the U.S. population will be obese. The excess fat, carbohydrates, and processed sugar found in junk food contributes to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, weight gain, and many other chronic health conditions.[1][12]A study by Paul Johnson and Paul Kenny at the Scripps Research Institute in 2008 suggested that junk food consumption alters brain activity in a manner similar to addictive drugs like cocaine and heroin.[13] After many weeks with unlimited access to junk food, the pleasure centers of rat brains became desensitized, requiring more food for pleasure. After the junk food was taken away and replaced with a healthy diet, the rats starved for two weeks instead of eating nutritious fare.[14] A 2007 British Journal of Nutrition study found that female rats who eat junk food during pregnancy increased the likelihood of unhealthy eating habits in their offspring.[15]
Taxation
In an attempt to reduce saturated fat consumption, from December 2011 to November 2012 Denmark introduced the first fat-food tax in the world by imposing a surcharge on all foods (including natural ingredients) that contain more than 2.3 percent saturated fat.[16] Hungary has also imposed a tax on packaged foods that contain unhealthy concentrations, such as beverages containing more than 20 mg of caffeine per 100 ml.[17]
Norway taxes refined sugar, and Mexico has various excises on unhealthy food.
Junk food advertising
Junk food is advertised in sporting events.[18]
See also
- Comfort food
- Glutamic acid (flavor), common flavoring compounds and their synthetic versions, which may be added to some processed foods, to boost their savoriness
- Health food, foods that tend to be nutrient rich, and may be eaten for their potential benefits to health
- List of food additives
References
- ^ "How to Junk a Junk-Food Diet". University of Rochester Medical Center. University of Rochester Medical Center. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
- ^ Glossary
- ^ junk food - Google Search
- ^ O'Neill, Brendon (November 30, 2006). "Is this what you call junk food?". BBC News. Retrieved June 29, 2010.
- ^ Larsen, Joeanne; MS, RD, LD http://www.dietitian.com/junkfood.html
- ^ University of Glasgow (31 October 2013). "Pizza perfect! A nutritional overhaul of 'junk food,' ready-meals is possible". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
- ^ "What Makes a Food Junk?". Huffington Post. 4 August 2010.
- ^ Magee, Elaine. "Junk-Food Facts". WebMD.
- ^ What Is Junk Food? (with pictures)
- ^ Junk-Food Facts
- ^ Warren Belasco (1989) Appetite for Change: how the counterculture took on the food industry 1966 — 1988, page 150, Pantheon Books ISBN 0394543998
- ^ Tracey Roizman, D.C., Demand Media SFGATE Healthy Eating. Editorial approval, 6/30/12.
- ^ Johnson, Paul M.; Kenny, Paul J. (2010). "Addiction-like reward dysfunction and compulsive eating in obese rats: Role for dopamine D2 receptors". Nature Neuroscience. 13 (5): 635–41. doi:10.1038/nn.2519. PMC 2947358. PMID 20348917.
- ^ Goodwin, Jennifer (March 29, 2010). "Junk Food 'Addiction' May Be Real". Bloomberg Business Week. BLOOMBERG L.P. Archived from the original on 19 April 2012.
- ^ Craving for junk food 'inherited' Mothers who eat junk food during pregnancy may be condemning their children to crave the same diet, according to animal tests. BBC News. 14 August 2007.
- ^ Clemens Bomsdorf. "Denmark Scraps Much-Maligned 'Fat Tax' After a Year". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2012-11-14.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - ^ "Welcoming the age of disease prevention". December 17, 2011.
- ^ Hagan, Kate (27 January 2015). "Junk food ads saturate cricket". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
Further reading
- Saez, Catherine (11 June 2014). "UN Advisor Denounces Junk Food As 'Culprit' In Rising NCDs, Calls For Change". Intellectual Property Watch. Retrieved 24 August 2014.