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In his interactions with his fanbase in the alt-right, he has tweeted their memes about [[Pepe_the_Frog#Kek|kek]] and [[Pepe the Frog]], attempting to connect these memes with his work on mythology; he has said ""The mere fact that we are having this conversation about Pepe the frog and Kermit the frog is just an indication of how surreal this is, and the fact that something strange is happening at a symbolic level."<ref name="free-speech-crowdfunding"/> He has said that he is not responsible for the behavior of people on forums like [[4chan]] where his detractors are attacked, nor for the threats made by his fanbase against his detractors.<ref name="free-speech-crowdfunding"/> He has shown letters with people's names and emails in his videos and tweets, for example tweeting one with a text: "A complete list of the 250 most ideologically possessed SJW's at the University of Toronto, compiled by themselves." Some of the people who were subsequently targeted by his fanbase were harassed online for months and sought counseling to deal with the trauma.<ref name="free-speech-crowdfunding"/> |
In his interactions with his fanbase in the alt-right, he has tweeted their memes about [[Pepe_the_Frog#Kek|kek]] and [[Pepe the Frog]], attempting to connect these memes with his work on mythology; he has said ""The mere fact that we are having this conversation about Pepe the frog and Kermit the frog is just an indication of how surreal this is, and the fact that something strange is happening at a symbolic level."<ref name="free-speech-crowdfunding"/> He has said that he is not responsible for the behavior of people on forums like [[4chan]] where his detractors are attacked, nor for the threats made by his fanbase against his detractors.<ref name="free-speech-crowdfunding"/> He has shown letters with people's names and emails in his videos and tweets, for example tweeting one with a text: "A complete list of the 250 most ideologically possessed SJW's at the University of Toronto, compiled by themselves."<ref name="free-speech-crowdfunding"/> Some of the people who were subsequently targeted by his fanbase were harassed online for months and sought counseling to deal with the trauma.<ref name="free-speech-crowdfunding"/> |
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He offers counseling to some of the men who follow him, charging $200 per month for a monthly 45 minute videoconference with him.<ref name=NYT/> He said that he has helped some of them to moderate their views.<ref name="free-speech-crowdfunding"/> |
He offers counseling to some of the men who follow him, charging $200 per month for a monthly 45 minute videoconference with him.<ref name=NYT/> He said that he has helped some of them to moderate their views.<ref name="free-speech-crowdfunding"/> |
Revision as of 05:40, 8 June 2018
Jordan Peterson | |
---|---|
Born | Jordan Bernt Peterson June 12, 1962 |
Nationality | Canadian |
Education | Political science (B.A., 1982) Psychology (B.A., 1984) Clinical psychology (Ph.D., 1991) |
Alma mater | |
Spouse |
Tammy Roberts (m. 1989) |
Children | 2 |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Psychology |
Institutions |
|
Thesis | Potential psychological markers for the predisposition to alcoholism (1991) |
Doctoral advisor | Robert O. Pihl |
Website | jordanbpeterson |
Signature | |
Jordan Bernt Peterson (born June 12, 1962) is a Canadian clinical psychologist and public intellectual, who is professor of psychology at the University of Toronto.[2][3] His main areas of study are in abnormal, social, and personality psychology,[1] with a particular interest in the psychology of religious and ideological belief,[4] and the assessment and improvement of personality and performance.[5]
Peterson studied at the University of Alberta and McGill University. He remained at McGill as a post-doctoral fellow from 1991 to 1993 before moving to Harvard University, where he was an assistant and then associate professor in the psychology department.[6][7] In 1998, he moved back to Canada, as a faculty member in the psychology department at the University of Toronto, where he is currently a full professor.
Peterson's first book, Maps of Meaning: The Architecture of Belief, was published in 1999, a work which examined several academic fields to describe the structure of systems of beliefs and myths, their role in the regulation of emotion, creation of meaning, and motivation for genocide.[8][9][10] His second book, 12 Rules for Life: An Antidote to Chaos, was released in January 2018.[11][6][12]
In 2016, Peterson released a series of videos on his YouTube channel in which he criticized political correctness and the Canadian government's Bill C-16. He subsequently received significant media coverage.[11][6][12]
Early life
Peterson was born on June 12, 1962, and grew up in Fairview, Alberta, a small town northwest of his birthplace Edmonton, in Canada. He was the eldest of three children born to Beverley, a librarian at the Fairview campus of Grande Prairie Regional College, and Walter Peterson, a schoolteacher.[13][14] His middle name is Bernt (/ˈbɛərənt/ BAIR-ənt), after his Norwegian great-grandfather.[15][16]
When he was 13, he was introduced to the writings of George Orwell, Aldous Huxley, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, and Ayn Rand by his school librarian Sandy Notley – mother of Rachel Notley, leader of the Alberta New Democratic Party and 17th Premier of Alberta.[17] He also worked for the New Democratic Party (NDP) throughout his teenage years, but grew disenchanted with the party due to what Orwell diagnosed in The Road to Wigan Pier as a preponderance of "the intellectual, tweed-wearing middle-class socialist" who "didn't like the poor; they just hated the rich".[13][18] He left the NDP at age 18.[19]
Education
After graduating from Fairview High School in 1979, Peterson entered the Grande Prairie Regional College to study political science and English literature.[4] He later transferred to the University of Alberta, where he completed his B.A. in 1982.[19] Afterwards, he took a year off to visit Europe. There he developed an interest in the psychological origins of the Cold War, particularly 20th century European totalitarianism,[4][20] and was plagued by apocalyptic nightmares about the escalation of the nuclear arms race. As a result, he became concerned about humanity's capacity for evil and destruction, and delved into the works of Carl Jung, Friedrich Nietzsche, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn,[13] and Fyodor Dostoyevsky.[20] He then returned to the University of Alberta and received a B.A. in psychology in 1984.[21] In 1985, he moved to Montreal to attend McGill University. He earned his Ph.D. in clinical psychology under the supervision of Robert O. Pihl in 1991, and remained as a post-doctoral fellow at McGill's Douglas Hospital until June 1993, working with Pihl and Maurice Dongier.[4][22]
Career
From July 1993 to June 1998,[1] Peterson lived in Arlington, Massachusetts, while teaching and conducting research at Harvard University as an assistant and an associate professor in the psychology department. During his time at Harvard, he studied aggression arising from drug and alcohol abuse and supervised a number of unconventional thesis proposals.[19] Two former Ph.D. students, Shelley Carson, a psychologist and teacher from Harvard, and author Gregg Hurwitz recalled that Peterson's lectures were already highly admired by the students.[6] In July 1998, he returned to Canada and took up a post as a full professor at the University of Toronto.[1][21]
Peterson's areas of study and research are in the fields of psychopharmacology, abnormal, neuro, clinical, personality, social, industrial and organizational,[1] religious, ideological,[4] political, and creativity psychology.[5] Peterson has authored or co-authored more than a hundred academic papers.[23] For most of his career Peterson had an active clinical practice, seeing 20 people a week.[11]
He had been active on social media, but in September 2016, he released a series of videos that changed his career and life.[17][24]
Bill C-16
On September 27, 2016, Peterson released the first installment of a three-part lecture video series, entitled "Professor against political correctness: Part I: Fear and the Law".[17][25] In the video, he stated he would not use the preferred gender pronouns of students and faculty as part of compelled speech, and announced his objection to the Canadian government's Bill C-16, which proposed to add "gender identity or expression" as a prohibited ground of discrimination under the Canadian Human Rights Act, and to similarly expand the definitions of promoting genocide and publicly inciting hatred in the Criminal Code.[25][26]
He stated that his objection to the bill was based on potential free speech implications if the Criminal Code is amended, as he claimed he could then be prosecuted under provincial human rights laws if he refuses to call a transsexual student or faculty member by the individual's preferred pronoun.[27] Furthermore, he argued that the new amendments paired with section 46.3 of the Ontario Human Rights Code would make it possible for employers and organizations to be subject to punishment under the code if any employee or associate says anything that can be construed "directly or indirectly" as offensive, "whether intentionally or unintentionally".[28] Other academics challenged Peterson's interpretation of C-16,[27] while some scholars such as Robert P. George supported Peterson's initiative.[17]
The series of videos drew criticism from transgender activists, faculty and labour unions, and critics accused Peterson of "helping to foster a climate for hate to thrive".[17] Protests erupted on campus, some including violence, and the controversy attracted international media attention.[29][30][31] When asked in September 2016 if he would comply with the request of a student to use a preferred pronoun, Peterson said "it would depend on how they asked me [...] If I could detect that there was a chip on their shoulder, or that they were [asking me] with political motives, then I would probably say no [...] If I could have a conversation like the one we're having now, I could probably meet them on an equal level".[31] Two months later, the National Post published an op-ed by Peterson in which he elaborated on his opposition to the bill and explained why he publicly made a stand against it:
I will never use words I hate, like the trendy and artificially constructed words "zhe" and "zher." These words are at the vanguard of a post-modern, radical leftist ideology that I detest, and which is, in my professional opinion, frighteningly similar to the Marxist doctrines that killed at least 100 million people in the 20th century. I have been studying authoritarianism on the right and the left for 35 years. I wrote a book, Maps of Meaning: The Architecture of Belief, on the topic, which explores how ideologies hijack language and belief. As a result of my studies, I have come to believe that Marxism is a murderous ideology. I believe its practitioners in modern universities should be ashamed of themselves for continuing to promote such vicious, untenable and anti-human ideas, and for indoctrinating their students with these beliefs. I am therefore not going to mouth Marxist words. That would make me a puppet of the radical left, and that is not going to happen. Period.[32]
In response to the controversy, academic administrators at the University of Toronto sent Peterson two letters of warning, one noting that free speech had to be made in accordance with human rights legislation and the other adding that his refusal to use the preferred personal pronouns of students and faculty upon request could constitute discrimination. Peterson speculated that these warning letters were leading up to formal disciplinary action against him, but in December the university assured him that he would retain his professorship, and in January 2017 he returned to teach his psychology class at the University of Toronto.[33][17]
In February 2017, Maxime Bernier, candidate for leader of the Conservative Party of Canada, stated that he shifted his position on Bill C-16, from support to opposition, after meeting with Peterson and discussing it.[34] Peterson's analysis of the bill was also frequently cited by senators who were opposed to its passage.[35]
In April 2017, Peterson was denied a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council grant for the first time in his career, which he interpreted as retaliation for his statements regarding Bill C-16.[36] A media relations adviser for SSHRC said "[c]ommittees assess only the information contained in the application".[37] In response, The Rebel Media launched an Indiegogo campaign on Peterson's behalf.[38] The campaign raised C$195,000 by its end on May 6, equivalent to over two years of research funding.[39]
In May 2017, Peterson spoke against Bill C-16 at a Canadian Senate committee on legal and constitutional affairs hearing. He was one of 24 witnesses who were invited to speak on the bill.[35]
In August 2017, an announced event at Ryerson University titled "The Stifling of Free Speech on University Campuses", organized by former social worker Sarina Singh with panelists Peterson, Gad Saad, Oren Amitay, and Faith Goldy was shut down because of pressure on the university administration from the group "No Fascists in Our City".[40] However, another version of the panel (without Goldy) was held on November 11 at Canada Christian College with an audience of 1,500.[41][42]
Works
Books
Maps of Meaning: The Architecture of Belief
Something we cannot see protects us from something we do not understand. The thing we cannot see is culture, in its intrapsychic or internal manifestation. The thing we do not understand is the chaos that gave rise to culture.
If the structure of culture is disrupted, unwittingly, chaos returns. We will do anything – anything – to defend ourselves against that return.
— Jordan Peterson, 1998 (Descensus ad Inferos)[7]
In 1999, Routledge published Maps of Meaning: The Architecture of Belief. The book, which took Peterson 13 years to complete, describes a comprehensive theory about how people construct meaning, beliefs and make narratives using ideas from various fields including mythology, religion, literature, philosophy and psychology in accordance to the modern scientific understanding of how the brain functions.[19][7][43]
According to Peterson, his main goal was to examine why both individuals and groups participate in social conflict, explore the reasoning and motivation individuals take to support their belief systems (i.e. ideological identification[19]) that eventually results in killing and pathological atrocities like the Gulag, the Auschwitz concentration camp and the Rwandan genocide.[19][7][43] He considers that an "analysis of the world's religious ideas might allow us to describe our essential morality and eventually develop a universal system of morality".[43]
In 2004, a 13-part TV series based on the book aired on TVOntario.[13][21][44]
12 Rules for Life: An Antidote to Chaos
In January 2018, Penguin Random House published Peterson's second book, 12 Rules for Life: An Antidote to Chaos. The work contains abstract ethical principles about life, in a more accessible style than Maps of Meaning.[11][6][12] To promote the book, Peterson went on a world tour.[45][46][47] As part of the tour, Peterson was interviewed by Cathy Newman on Channel 4 News which generated considerable attention, as well popularity for the book.[48][49][50][51] The book was ranked the number one bestselling book on Amazon in the United States and Canada and number four in the United Kingdom.[52][53] It also topped bestselling lists in Canada, US and the United Kingdom.[54][55]
YouTube channel and podcasts
In 2013, Peterson began recording his lectures ("Personality and Its Transformations", "Maps of Meaning: The Architecture of Belief"[56]) and uploading them to YouTube. His YouTube channel has gathered more than 1 million subscribers and his videos have received more than 50 million views as of April 2018.[24][57] In January 2017, he hired a production team to film his psychology lectures at the University of Toronto. He used funds received via the crowdfunding website Patreon after he became embroiled in the Bill C-16 controversy in September 2016. His funding through Patreon has increased from $1,000 per month in August 2016 to $14,000 by January 2017, and then to more than $50,000 by July 2017.[17][24][58]
In December 2016, Peterson started his own podcast, The Jordan B. Peterson Podcast, which has 45 episodes as of April 26, 2018, including academic guests such as Camille Paglia, Martin Daly, and James W. Pennebaker,[59] while on his channel he has also interviewed Stephen Hicks, Richard J. Haier, and Jonathan Haidt among others. Peterson supported engineer James Damore in his action against Google.[12]
In May 2017, Peterson began The psychological significance of the Biblical stories,[60] a series of live theatre lectures, also published as podcasts, in which he analyzes archetypal narratives in Genesis as patterns of behavior ostensibly vital for personal, social and cultural stability.[12][61]
Self Authoring Suite
In 2005 Peterson and his colleagues set up a for-profit company and website called selfauthoring.com to provide a web-based writing therapy program.[62][63] It includes the Past Authoring Program, a guided autobiography; two Present Authoring Programs, which allow the participant to analyze their personality faults and virtues in terms of the Big Five personality model; and the Future Authoring Program, which guides participants through the process of planning their desired futures. The latter program was used with McGill University undergraduates on academic probation to improve their grades, as well since 2011 at Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University.[63] The Self Authoring Programs were developed partially from research by James W. Pennebaker at the University of Texas at Austin and Gary Latham at the Rotman School of Management of the University of Toronto.[64]
Critiques of political correctness
Peterson's critiques of political correctness range over issues such as postmodernism, postmodern feminism, white privilege, cultural appropriation, and environmentalism.[65][66][67] Writing in the National Post, Chris Selley said Peterson's opponents had "underestimated the fury being inspired by modern preoccupations like white privilege and cultural appropriation, and by the marginalization, shouting down or outright cancellation of other viewpoints in polite society's institutions",[68] while in The Spectator, Tim Lott stated Peterson became "an outspoken critic of mainstream academia".[20] Peterson's social media presence has magnified the impact of these views; Simona Chiose of The Globe and Mail noted: "few University of Toronto professors in the humanities and social sciences have enjoyed the global name recognition Prof. Peterson has won".[69]
According to his study – conducted with one of his students, Christine Brophy – of the relationship between political belief and personality, political correctness exists in two types: PC-egalitarianism and PC-authoritarianism, which is a manifestation of "offense sensitivity".[70] The first type is represented by a group of classical liberals, while the latter by the group known as "social justice warriors"[13] who "weaponize compassion".[4] The study also found an overlap between PC-authoritarians and right-wing authoritarians.[70]
Peterson considers that the universities should be held as among the most responsible for the wave of political correctness which appeared in North America and Europe.[69] He watched the rise of political correctness on campuses since the early 1990s,[71] and considers that the humanities have become corrupt, less reliant on science, and instead of "intelligent conversation, we are having an ideological conversation". From his own experience as a university professor, he states that the students who are coming to his classes are uneducated and unaware about the mass exterminations and crimes by Stalinism and Maoism, which were not given the same attention as fascism and Nazism. He also says that "instead of being ennobled or inculcated into the proper culture, the last vestiges of structure are stripped from [the students] by post-modernism and neo-Marxism, which defines everything in terms of relativism and power".[20][72]
Postmodernism and identity politics
And so since the 1970s, under the guise of postmodernism, we’ve seen the rapid expansion of identity politics throughout the universities, it's come to dominate all of the humanities – which are dead as far as I can tell – and a huge proportion of the social sciences ... We've been publicly funding extremely radical, postmodern leftist thinkers who are hellbent on demolishing the fundamental substructure of Western civilization. And that's no paranoid delusion. That's their self-admitted goal ... Jacques Derrida ... most trenchantly formulated the anti-Western philosophy that is being pursued so assiduously by the radical left.
— Peterson, 2017[73]
Peterson states that postmodern philosophers and sociologists since the 1960s,[66] while typically claiming to reject Marxism and communism, have actually built upon and extended their core tenets. He says that it is difficult to understand contemporary society without considering the influence of postmodernism which initially spread from France to the United States through the English department at Yale University. He argues that they "started to play a sleight of hand, and instead of pitting the proletariat, the working class, against the bourgeois, they started to pit the oppressed against the oppressor. That opened up the avenue to identifying any number of groups as oppressed and oppressor and to continue the same narrative under a different name [...] The people who hold this doctrine – this radical, postmodern, communitarian doctrine that makes racial identity or sexual identity or gender identity or some kind of group identity paramount – they've got control over most low-to-mid level bureaucratic structures, and many governments as well".[23]
He emphasizes that the state should halt funding to faculties and courses he describes as neo-Marxist, and advises students to avoid disciplines like women's studies, ethnic studies and racial studies, as well other fields of study he believes are "corrupted" by the ideology such as sociology, anthropology and English literature.[74][75] He states that these fields, under the pretense of academic inquiry, propagate unscientific methods, fraudulent peer-review processes for academic journals, publications that garner zero citations,[76] cult-like behaviour,[74] safe-spaces,[77] and radical left-wing political activism for students.[66] Peterson has proposed launching a website which uses artificial intelligence to identify and showcase the amount of ideologization in specific courses. He announced in November 2017 that he had temporarily postponed the project as "it might add excessively to current polarization".[78][79]
Peterson has criticized the use of the term "white privilege", stating that "being called out on their white privilege, identified with a particular racial group and then made to suffer the consequences of the existence of that racial group and its hypothetical crimes, and that sort of thing has to come to a stop. ... [It's] racist in its extreme".[66] In regard to identity politics, while "left plays them on behalf of the oppressed, let's say, and the right tends to play them on behalf of nationalism and ethnic pride" he considers them "equally dangerous" and that instead should be emphasized individualism and individual responsibility.[80] He has also been prominent in the debate about cultural appropriation, stating it promotes self-censorship in society and journalism.[81]
At the same time, Peterson has clear ideas about identity and gender roles. He said: “The people who hold that our culture is an oppressive patriarchy, they don’t want to admit that the current hierarchy might be predicated on competence.” With regard to the Toronto van attack and the incel ideology of its driver, he said: "He was angry at God because women were rejecting him. The cure for that is enforced monogamy."[82] He also views archetypes as definitive and ancient wisdom: "You know you can say, ‘Well isn’t it unfortunate that chaos is represented by the feminine’ — well, it might be unfortunate, but it doesn’t matter because that is how it’s represented. It’s been represented like that forever. And there are reasons for it. You can’t change it. It’s not possible. This is underneath everything. If you change those basic categories, people wouldn’t be human anymore. They’d be something else. They’d be transhuman or something. We wouldn’t be able to talk to these new creatures."[82]
Interactions with alt-right
In his interactions with his fanbase in the alt-right, he has tweeted their memes about kek and Pepe the Frog, attempting to connect these memes with his work on mythology; he has said ""The mere fact that we are having this conversation about Pepe the frog and Kermit the frog is just an indication of how surreal this is, and the fact that something strange is happening at a symbolic level."[24] He has said that he is not responsible for the behavior of people on forums like 4chan where his detractors are attacked, nor for the threats made by his fanbase against his detractors.[24] He has shown letters with people's names and emails in his videos and tweets, for example tweeting one with a text: "A complete list of the 250 most ideologically possessed SJW's at the University of Toronto, compiled by themselves."[24] Some of the people who were subsequently targeted by his fanbase were harassed online for months and sought counseling to deal with the trauma.[24]
He offers counseling to some of the men who follow him, charging $200 per month for a monthly 45 minute videoconference with him.[82] He said that he has helped some of them to moderate their views.[24]
Criticisms
In a January 2018 column, David Brooks said of Peterson's ideas, "Much of Peterson’s advice sounds to me like vague exhortatory banality. Like Hobbes and Nietzsche before him, he seems to imagine an overly brutalistic universe, nearly without benevolence, beauty, attachment and love. His recipe for self-improvement is solitary, nonrelational, unemotional. I’d say the lives of young men can be improved more through loving attachment than through Peterson’s joyless and graceless calls to self-sacrifice. But the emphasis on strength of will, the bootstrap, the calls to toughness and self-respect — all of this touches some need in his audience.... The Peterson way is a harsh way, but it is an idealistic way — and for millions of young men, it turns out to be the perfect antidote to the cocktail of coddling and accusation in which they are raised."[83]
Personal life
Peterson married Tammy Roberts in 1989.[17] They have one daughter and one son.[13][17]
Politically, Peterson has described himself as a classic British liberal,[84][20] and has stated that he is commonly mistaken to be right wing.[57] He is a philosophical pragmatist.[61] In a 2017 interview, Peterson identified as a Christian,[85] but in 2018 he did not.[86] He emphasized his conceptualization of Christianity is probably not what it is generally understood, stating that the ethical responsibility of a Christian is to imitate Christ, for him meaning "something like you need to take responsibility for the evil in the world as if you were responsible for it ... to understand that you determine the direction of the world, whether it's toward heaven or hell".[86] When asked if he believes in God, Peterson responded: "I think the proper response to that is No, but I'm afraid He might exist".[11] Writing for The Spectator, Tim Lott said Peterson draws inspiration from Jung's philosophy of religion, and holds views similar to the Christian existentialism of Søren Kierkegaard and Paul Tillich. Lott also said Peterson has respect for Taoism, as it views nature as a struggle between order and chaos, and posits that life would be meaningless without this duality.[20]
In 2016, Peterson became an honorary member of the extended family of Charles Joseph, a Kwakwaka'wakw artist, and was given the name Alestalagie ("Great Seeker").[18][87] Peterson collected more than 300 Soviet-era paintings as a reminder of the relationship between totalitarian propaganda and art.[18] The walls of his house are covered with this art, which he keeps as a reminder of totalitarian oppression.[82]
After he became famous in 2016, he changed his style of dress and his manner of speech from the tweedy professor look to more old fashioned clothes and speech style, which he calls "prairie populism."[82]
Bibliography
Books
- Peterson, Jordan B. (1999). Maps of Meaning: The Architecture of Belief. Routledge. ISBN 0415922224.
- Peterson, Jordan B. (2018). 12 Rules for Life: An Antidote to Chaos. Penguin Random House. ISBN 0345816021.
Journal articles
- Top 15 most cited academic papers from Google Scholar and ResearchGate:
- Peterson J. B.; Rothfleisch J.; Zalazo P.; Pihl R. O. (1990). "Acute alcohol intoxication and cognitive functioning". Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 51 (2): 114–122. doi:10.15288/jsa.1990.51.114.
- Pihl R. O.; Peterson J. B.; Finn P. R. (1990). "Inherited Predisposition to Alcoholism: Characteristics of Sons of Male Alcoholics". Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 99 (3): 291–301. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.99.3.291.
- Pihl R. O.; Peterson J. B.; Lau M. A. (1993). "A biosocial model of the alcohol-aggression relationship". Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Supplement. 11 (11): 128–139. doi:10.15288/jsas.1993.s11.128.
- Stewart S. H.; Peterson J. B.; Pihl R. O. (1995). "Anxiety sensitivity and self-reported alcohol consumption rates in university women". Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 9 (4): 283–292. doi:10.1016/0887-6185(95)00009-D.
- Peterson J. B.; Smith K. W.; Carson S. (2002). "Openness and extraversion are associated with reduced latent inhibition: replication and commentary". Personality and Individual Differences. 33 (7): 1137–1147. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00004-1.
- DeYoung C. G.; Peterson J. B.; Higgins D. M. (2002). "Higher-order factors of the Big Five predict conformity: Are there neuroses of health?". Personality and Individual Differences. 33 (4): 533–552. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00171-4.
- Carson S. H.; Quilty L. C.; Peterson J. B. (2003). "Decreased Latent Inhibition Is Associated With Increased Creative Achievement in High-Functioning Individuals". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 85 (3): 499–506. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.3.499.
- DeYoung C. G.; Peterson J. B.; Higgins D. M. (2005). "Sources of openness/intellect: cognitive and neuropsychological correlates of the fifth factor of personality". Journal of Personality. 73 (5): 825–858. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00330.x.
- Carson S. H.; Quilty L. C.; Peterson J. B. (2005). "Reliability, Validity, and Factor Structure of the Creative Achievement Questionnaire". Creativity Research Journal. 17 (1): 37–50. doi:10.1207/s15326934crj1701_4.
- Mar R. A.; Oatley K.; Hirsh J. B.; Paz J. D.; Peterson J. B. (2006). "Bookworms versus nerds: Exposure to fiction versus non-fiction, divergent associations with social ability, and the simulation of fictional social worlds". Journal of Research in Personality. 40 (5): 694–712. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2005.08.002.
- DeYoung C. G.; Quilty L. C.; Peterson J. B. (2007). "Between Facets and Domains: 10 Aspects of the Big Five". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 93 (5): 880–896. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.93.5.880.
- Mar R. A.; Oatley K.; Peterson J. B. (2009). "Exploring the link between reading fiction and empathy: Ruling out individual differences and examining outcomes". The European Journal of Communication Research. 34 (4): 407–429. doi:10.1515/COMM.2009.025.
- Hirsh J. B.; DeYoung C. G.; Xu X.; Peterson J. B. (2010). "Compassionate Liberals and Polite Conservatives: Associations of Agreeableness With Political Ideology and Moral Values". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 95 (2): 655–664. doi:10.1177/0146167210366854.
- Morisano D.; Hirsh J. B.; Peterson J. B.; Pihl R. O.; Shore B. M. (2010). "Setting, elaborating, and reflecting on personal goals improves academic performance". Journal of Applied Psychology. 36 (5): 255–264. doi:10.1037/a0018478.
- Hirsh J. B.; Mar R. A.; Peterson J. B. (2012). "Psychological Entropy: A Framework for Understanding Uncertainty-Related Anxiety". Psychological Review. 119 (2): 304–320. doi:10.1037/a0026767.
References
- ^ a b c d e "Profile". ResearchGate. Retrieved November 11, 2017.
- ^ Reichel, Chloe. "In bleak funding climate, academics turn to crowds to finance research". Journalist's Resource. Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
- ^ Cowen, Tyler. "The five most influential public intellectuals?". Marginal Revolution. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f Tucker, Jason; VandenBeukel, Jason (December 1, 2016). "'We're teaching university students lies' – An interview with Dr Jordan Peterson". C2C Journal.
- ^ a b "Meaning Conference". International Network on Personal Meaning. July 2016.
- ^ a b c d e Bartlett, Tom (January 17, 2018). "What's So Dangerous About Jordan Peterson?". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved January 19, 2018.
- ^ a b c d Lambert, Craig (September 1998). "Chaos, Culture, Curiosity". Harvard Magazine.
- ^ McCord, Joan (2004). Beyond Empiricism: Institutions and Intentions in the Study of Crime. Transaction Publishers. p. 178. ISBN 978-1-4128-1806-3.
- ^ Ellens, J. Harold (2004). The Destructive Power of Religion: Models and cases of violence in religion. Praeger. p. 346. ISBN 978-0-275-97974-4.
- ^ Gregory, Erik M.; Rutledge, Pamela B. (2016). Exploring Positive Psychology: The Science of Happiness and Well-Being. ABC-CLIO. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-61069-940-2.
- ^ a b c d e Blatchford, Christie (January 19, 2018). "Christie Blatchford sits down with "warrior for common sense" Jordan Peterson". National Post. Retrieved January 19, 2018.
- ^ a b c d e Lott, Tim (January 21, 2018). "Jordan Peterson: 'The pursuit of happiness is a pointless goal'". The Observer. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
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(help) - ^ Peterson, Jordan B. (March 23, 2017). "I am Dr Jordan B Peterson, U of T Professor, clinical psychologist, author of Maps of Meaning and creator of The SelfAuthoring Suite. Ask me anything!". Reddit.
Bernt. Pronounced Bear-ent. It's Norwegian, after my great grandfather.
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Jordan Bernt Peterson of the University of Toronto.
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NYT
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Brooks, David (January 25, 2018). "The Jordan Peterson Moment". The New York Times.
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classic British liberal Jordan B. Peterson
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Interviewer: Quick question, are you a Christian? Peterson: I suppose the most straight-forward answer to that is yes, although I think it's… it's… let's leave it at "yes".
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