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:''This article is about the racing driver Jim Clark. For namesakes, please see [[James Clark]].'' |
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{{Former F1 driver| |
{{Former F1 driver| |
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Name = Jim Clark | |
Name = Jim Clark | |
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Image = ClarkJim(blauesHemd)1966Aug_v2.jpg | |
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Nationality = Scottish/British | |
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Caption = Clark (left) in 1966 | |
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Nationality = {{flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom|British]] | |
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Years = {{F1|1960}} - {{F1|1968}} | |
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Team(s) = [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] | |
Team(s) = [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] | |
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Races = 72 | |
Races = 73 (72 starts) | |
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Championships = 2 | |
Championships = 2 | |
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Wins = 25 | |
Wins = 25 | |
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Record from January 1968 - May 1973 | |
Record from January 1968 - May 1973 | |
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Podiums = 32 | |
Podiums = 32 | |
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Points = 255 (274)<ref name="droppedpoints">Up until {{F1|1990}}, not all points scored by a driver contributed to their final World Championship tally (see [[List of Formula One World Championship pointscoring systems|list of pointscoring systems]] for more information). Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.</ref> | |
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Poles = 33 | |
Poles = 33 | |
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Record from September 1967 - May 1989 | |
Record from September 1967 - May 1989 | |
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Pole, Victory, Fastest Lap in the same Grand Prix | |
Pole, Victory, Fastest Lap in the same Grand Prix | |
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Record from January 1968 - July 2004 | |
Record from January 1968 - July 2004 | |
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First race = [[1960 Dutch Grand Prix |
First race = [[1960 Dutch Grand Prix]] | |
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First win = [[1962 Belgian Grand Prix]] | |
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Last win = [[1968 South African Grand Prix]]| |
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Last |
Last race = [[1968 South African Grand Prix]] | |
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Last race = [[1968 South African Grand Prix|1968]] [[South African Grand Prix]] | |
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}} |
}} |
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:''This article is about the racing driver Jim Clark. For namesakes, please see [[James Clark]].'' |
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'''Jim''' (or '''Jimmy''') '''Clark [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] |
'''Jim''' (or '''Jimmy''') '''Clark''' [[Officer of the Order of the British Empire|OBE]] ([[4 March]], [[1936]] – [[7 April]], [[1968]]) was a [[Scotland|Scottish]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9024206/James-Clark "Jim Clark, Scottish automobile racer who became the world driving champion in 1963"], [[Encyclopædia Britannica]], accessed 15 May 2007</ref> [[Formula One]] [[Auto racing|racing driver]]. |
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He was the dominant driver of his era, winning two [[List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions|World Championships]], in 1963 and 1965. At the time of his death, he had won more Grand Prix races (25) and more pole positions (33) than any driver up to that time. He also competed in the Indianapolis 500 five times, and won it once, in 1965. |
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Fangio said about Clark in 1968 and again in 1995, shortly before his own death: "In my opinion, Jim Clark was by a league the greatest racing driver ever". |
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== Early years == |
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Colin Chapman: "He was a complete genius. The ultimate driver." Dick Scammel (Team Lotus Chief Mechanic) in 2004: "He was by light years the best." A.J. Foyt, the Indy-Legend: "He was a phantastic driver. I never saw a better one." |
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He was born James Clark Jr. into a farming family at Kilmany House Farm, [[Fife]], the youngest child of five, and the only boy. In [[1942]] the family moved to Edington Mains Farm, near [[Duns]], [[Berwickshire]], in the [[Scottish Borders|Borders]]. He was educated at primary schools, first in Kilmany and then in [[Chirnside]], and then following three years of preparatory schooling at Clifton Hall near [[Edinburgh]] he was sent to [[Loretto School]] in [[Musselburgh]], near [[Edinburgh]]. |
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Although his parents were opposed to the idea, Clark started his racing in local [[road rally]] and [[hill climb]] events driving his own [[Sunbeam-Talbot]], and proved a fearsome competitor right from the off. On 16 June 1956, in his very first event, he was behind the wheel of a DKW ''sonderklasse'' at [[Crimond]], Scotland. By 1958, Clark was driving for the local Border Reivers team, racing [[Jaguar]] [[Jaguar D-Type|D-type]]s and [[Porsche]]s in national events, and winning 18 races. |
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The whole tribute from legendary Lotus founder Colin Capman is seen here: |
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Then on Boxing Day 1958, Clark met the man who would launch him to superstardom. Driving a [[Lotus Elite]], he finished second to [[Colin Chapman]]. Chapman was sufficiently impressed to give Clark a ride in one of his [[Formula Junior]] cars. A legend was born. |
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http://www.tasman-series.com/people/internationals/jclark/jclark.asp |
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==Clark and Lotus== |
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Clark was the idol of many Grand Prix Drivers, Jochen Rindt ("He was a giant:I wish I could drive like Jim"), Emerson Fittipaldi, Nigel Mansell, Alain Prost, Ayrton Senna (hold a speech in Clark`s Loretto school in Edinburgh, visit the Clark Room in Duns)and countless others. |
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[[Image:ClarkJim-Lotus19620805.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Jim Clark in German GP 1962]] |
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After [[Aston Martin]]'s F1 programme fell through, Clark was a free agent. Colin Chapman snapped him up for his F1 squad, and Clark made his debut in the [[1960 Dutch Grand Prix]]. Throughout his F1 career from {{F1|1960}} to {{F1|1968}} Clark drove only for the [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] team. He developed a near telepathic relationship with Chapman, which contributed to their outstanding success together. Chapman's innovative and nimble designs combined with Clark's skills at the wheel made for a nearly unbeatable force. 1962 saw Clark battling [[Graham Hill]] (who drove for [[BRM]]) for the World Championship. Clark was driving Chapman's brilliant [[Lotus 25]]. In the final race an oil leak caused him to drop out just as victory seemed a formality. |
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He was born James Clark Jr. into a farming family at Kilmany House Farm, [[Fife]], the youngest child of five, and the only boy. In [[1942]] the family moved to Edington Mains Farm near the town of [[Duns]] in Berwickshire in the Scottish Borders. He was educated at primary schools, first in Kilmany and then in [[Chirnside]], and then following three years of preparatory schooling at Clifton Hall near [[Edinburgh]] he was sent to [[Loretto School]] in [[Musselburgh]], near [[Edinburgh]]. |
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His first Drivers' World Championship came driving the Lotus 25 in {{F1|1963}}, winning seven out of the ten races and Lotus its first Constructors' World Championship. That year he also competed in the [[1963 Indianapolis 500|Indianapolis 500]] for the first time, and only the oil on the track from winner [[Parnelli Jones]]'s car prevented him from winning, as he finished in second position and won Rookie of the Year honours. In 1964 Clark came within just a few laps of retaining his World Championship crown, but just as in 1962, an oil leak from the engine robbed him of the title, this time conceding to [[John Surtees]]. Tyre failure damaging the Lotus' suspension put paid to that year's attempt at the [[1964 Indianapolis 500|Indianapolis 500]]<ref>http://eis.net.au/~bramwell/indy.htm</ref>. He made amends and won the Championship again in {{F1|1965}} and also the [[1965 Indianapolis 500|Indianapolis 500]] in the [[Lotus 38|Lotus 38]]. He had to miss the prestigious [[1965 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco Grand Prix]] in order to compete at Indianapolis, but made history by driving the first [[mid-engined]] car to win at the fabled "Brickyard," as well as becoming the only driver to date to win both that race and the F1 title in the same year. |
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Although his parents were opposed to the idea, Clark started his racing career driving in local road rallies and hill climb events driving his own [[Sunbeam-Talbot]], and proved to be a fearsome competitor right from the off. By 1958 Clark was racing for the local Border Reivers team, racing [[Jaguar D-Type]]s and [[Porsche]]s in national events, and winning 18 races. |
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[[Image:ClarkJim1965mitMechaniker.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Jim Clark at the Nürburgring 1965]] |
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At the same time, Clark was competing in the [[Australasia]] based [[Tasman Series|Tasman series]], run for older F1 cars, and was series champion in 1965, 1967 and 1968 driving for Lotus. He won fourteen races in all, a record for the series. |
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The FIA decreed from 1966, new 3-litre engine [[Formula One regulations#History|regulations]] would come into force. Lotus were less competitive. Starting with a 2-litre [[Coventry-Climax]] engine in the [[Lotus 33|Lotus 33]], Clark did not score points until the [[1966 British Grand Prix|British Grand Prix]] and a third place at the following [[1966 Dutch Grand Prix|Dutch Grand Prix]]. From the [[1966 Italian Grand Prix|Italian Grand Prix]] onwards Lotus used the highly complex [[BRM]] H16 engine in the [[Lotus 43|Lotus 43]] car, with which Clark won the [[1966 United States Grand Prix|United States Grand Prix]]. He also picked up another second place at the [[1966 Indianapolis 500|Indianapolis 500]], this time behind [[Graham Hill]]. |
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Then on Boxing Day 1958, Clark met the man who would launch him to superstardom. Driving a [[Lotus Elite]], he finished second to [[Colin Chapman]]. Chapman was sufficiently impressed to give Clark a run in one of his Formula Junior cars, and the rest, as they say is history. |
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During {{F1|1967}} Lotus and Clark used three completely different cars and engines. The Lotus 43 performed poorly at the opening [[1967 South African Grand Prix|South African Grand Prix]], so Clark used an old Lotus 33 at the following [[1967 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco Grand Prix]], retiring with [[suspension (vehicle)|suspension]] failure. Lotus then began its fruitful association with [[Ford-Cosworth]]. Their first car, the [[Lotus 49|Lotus 49]] featuring the most successful [[List of Formula One engines|F1 engine]] in history, the [[Ford-Cosworth DFV]], won its first race at the [[1967 Dutch Grand Prix|Dutch Grand Prix]], driven by Clark. He won with it again at the [[1967 British Grand Prix|British]], [[1967 United States Grand Prix|United States]] and [[1967 Mexican Grand Prix|Mexican]] Grands Prix; and, in January [[1968]], at the [[1968 South African Grand Prix|South African Grand Prix]]. He had established himself as the dominant driver in what was, aside from its unreliability, the dominant car. |
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===Clark and Lotus=== |
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== Remarkable performances == |
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After [[Aston Martin]]'s F1 programme fell through, Clark was a free agent. Colin Chapman snapped him up for his F1 squad, and Clark made his debut in the 1960 [[Dutch Grand Prix]]. Clark and Lotus were synonymous: Throughout his F1 career from [[1960]] to [[1968]] Clark drove only for the [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] team. He developed a near telepathic relationship with Chapman, which contributed to their outstanding success together. Chapman's innovative and nimble designs combined with Clark's skills at the wheel made for a nearly unbeatable force. 1962 saw Clark battling [[Graham Hill]] who drove for [[BRM]] for the [[World Championship]] in Chapman's brilliant [[Lotus 25]], but in the final race an oil leak caused him to drop out just as victory seemed a formality. |
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Jim Clark's drive in the [[1967 Italian Grand Prix]] is regarded one of the greatest ever in F1. After starting from pole, he was leading in his Lotus 49 (chassis R2), when a tyre punctured. He lost an entire lap while having the wheel changed in the pits. After rejoining sixteenth, Clark then showed his genius by driving at his own limit, something which was not required when leading. He ripped back through the field, progressively lowered the lap record, eventually equalling his pole time of 1m 28.5s, to regain the lost lap and the lead. He was narrowly ahead of Brabham and Surtees starting the last lap, but his car had not been filled with enough fuel for such a performance — it faltered, and finally coasted across the finish line in third place. This performance is considered unmatched in the long history of F1. |
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Other examples of his skills are his drive in a [[Lotus 23]], fitted with a 1500cc (90ci) Lotus-Ford twin-cam engine, for the 1962 [[1000km Nürburgring]] race, when he took pole position by nine seconds and more. The 14.2-mile [[Nürburgring]] ''Nordschleife'' brought out the very best in Clark. On a patchily damp track, he outperformed the similar-powered [[Porsche]] [[Porsche 718|718]] and the more powerful Ferraris, of drivers like [[Phil Hill]], [[Dan Gurney]] and [[Willy Mairesse]], and led with nearly two minutes outright until, affected by fumes from a broken exhaust, he went off course into the bushes. |
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His first Drivers' [[World Championship]] came driving the Lotus 25 in [[1963]], winning seven out of the ten races and Lotus its first Constructors' World Championship. That year he also competed in the [[1963 Indianapolis 500|Indianapolis 500]] for the first time, and only the oil on the track from winner [[Parnelli Jones]]' car prevented him from winning. In 1964 Clark came within just a few laps of retaining his crown, but just as in 1962, an oil leak from the engine robbed him of the title, this time conceding to [[John Surtees]]. Tyre failure put paid to that year's attempt at the [[1964 Indianapolis 500|Indianapolis 500]]. He made amends and won the Championship again in [[1965]] and also the [[1965 Indianapolis 500|Indianapolis 500]] in the [[Lotus 38]]. He had to miss the prestigious [[1965 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco Grand Prix]] in order to compete at Indianapolis, but made history by driving the first [[mid-engined]] car to win at the fabled "Brickyard," as well as becoming the only driver to date to win both that race and the F1 title in the same year. |
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Amazingly though, despite his mercurial talent, Clark never won at [[Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco]]. He came close once in 1963 only to be stopped with twenty-two laps to go with a broken gearbox. |
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At the same time, Clark was competing in the [[Australasia]] based [[Tasman]] series, run for older F1 cars, and was series champion in 1965, 1967 and 1968 driving for Lotus. He won 14 races in all, a record for the series. |
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==The fatal crash== |
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The FIA decreed from 1966, new 3-litre engine [[Formula One regulations#History|regulations]] would come into force. Lotus were less competitive. Starting with a 2-litre [[Coventry-Climax]] engine in the [[Lotus 33]], Clark did not score points until the [[1966 British Grand Prix|British Grand Prix]] and a third-place at the following [[1966 Dutch Grand Prix|Dutch Grand Prix]]. From the [[1966 Italian Grand Prix|Italian Grand Prix]] onward Lotus used the more complex [[BRM]] H16 engine in the [[Lotus 43|Lotu-BRM 43]] car, with which Clark won the [[1966 United States Grand Prix|United States Grand Prix]]. |
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On [[7 April]] [[1968]], Jim Clark's life tragically ended in a crash. He was originally slated to drive in the BOAC 1000 km sportscar race at Brands Hatch but instead chose to drive in a minor Formula 2 race for Lotus at the [[Hockenheimring]] in [[Germany]], mostly due to contractual obligations with [[Firestone Tire and Rubber Company|Firestone]]. On the fifth lap, his [[Lotus 48|Lotus 48]] veered off the track and crashed into the trees, killing him instantly. The cause of the crash was never definitively identified, but investigators concluded it was most likely due to a deflating rear tyre. Colin Chapman was devastated and publicly stated that he had lost his best friend. As a sign of respect, Chapman ordered the traditional green and yellow badge found on the nose of all Lotus road cars to be replaced with a black badge for a month following Clark's death. The 1968 F1 Drivers' Championship was subsequently won by his Lotus team-mate [[Graham Hill]], who pulled the heartbroken team together and held off [[Jackie Stewart]] for the crown, which he later dedicated to Clark. |
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==Legacy== |
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During [[1967]] Lotus and Clark used three completely different cars and engines. The Lotus-BRM 43 performed poorly at the opening [[1967 South African Grand Prix|South African Grand Prix]], so Clark used an old Lotus 33 at the following [[1967 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco Grand Prix]], retiring with [[suspension (vehicle)|suspension]] failure. Lotus then began its fruitful association with [[Ford-Cosworth]]. Their first car, the [[Lotus 49]] featuring the most successful [[List of Formula One engines|F1 engine]] in history, the [[Ford-Cosworth DFV]], won its first race at the [[1967 Dutch Grand Prix|Dutch Grand Prix]], driven by Clark. He won with it again at the [[1967 British Grand Prix|British]], [[1967 United States Grand Prix|United States]] and [[1967 Mexican Grand Prix|Mexican]] Grands Prix; and, in [[1968]], at the [[1968 South African Grand Prix|South African Grand Prix]]. He had established himself as the dominant driver in the dominant car. |
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Clark achieved 33 [[pole position]]s and won 25 races from his 72 Grands Prix starts in championship races. He is remembered for his ability to drive and win in all types of cars and series, including a [[Lotus-Cortina]], with which he won the 1964 [[British Touring Car Championship]], [[Champ Car|IndyCar]], [[NASCAR]], driving a [[Ford Galaxie]] for the [[Holman Moody]] team, [[Rallying]], where he took part in the 1966 [[RAC Rally]] of Great Britain in a Lotus Cortina, and nearly won the event before crashing, and [[sports car]]s. He competed in the [[24 Hours of Le Mans|Le Mans 24 Hour]] race in 1959, 1960 and 1961, finishing second in class in 1959 driving a Lotus Elite, and finishing third overall in 1960, driving an [[Aston Martin DBR1]]. |
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He was also able to master difficult Lotus sportscar prototypes such as the [[Lotus 30|Lotus 30]] and 40. Clark had an uncanny ability to adapt to whichever car he was driving. Whilst other drivers would struggle to find a good car setup, Clark would usually set competitive lap times with whatever setup was provided and ask for the car to be left as it was. |
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Jim Clark`s unrewarded Italian Grand Prix 1967 at Monza was the greatest drive ever in F1. After starting from pole, Jim was leading in his regular Lotus 49 R2. He was leading the race when a tyre punctured. He lost an entire lap while having the weel changed in the pits and rejoined 16th. Now Clark showed his incredible genius; for the crowd on this rare occasion, to see the man at his own limit. |
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He ripped back through the field, progessively lowered the lap record, eventually equalling his pole time of 1m 28,5s, 233,898 km/h, and not only regained that whole lap but also the lead. He was narrowly ahead of Brabham and Surtess starting the last lap, but his 49 failed to pick up its last dregs of fuel - it faltered, and finally coasted across the finish line third. |
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Alec Maskell, a Dunlop tyre engineer who worked closely with Clark in the mid-1960s, reported that Clark used all four tyres equally, wearing them down at the same rate and using substantially less rubber than any other driver Maskell worked with ([[Jack Brabham]] seemingly used his rears more; [[Dan Gurney]] and [[John Surtees]] used their fronts). Neither Clark nor Dunlop could explain how he did this, but it suggests rather remarkable balance. |
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This performance is until today unmatched in the long history of F1. Other examples for his unbelievable skills are the Nürburgring demonstrations in 1962 in a Lotus 23 sportscar during the 1000 km-Race or the qualifying for the German Grand Prix 1967, when he took pole position by nine seconds and more. |
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Clark describes his unusual driving style in his autobiography: ''"I know I am inclined to go into a corner earlier than most people. By that I mean that most people run deep into a corner before turning the wheels to go round. In this way you can complete all your braking in a straight line, as everyone recommends you do, before setting the car up for the corner; but I prefer to cut into the corner early and even with my brakes still on to set up the car earlier. In this way, I almost make a false apex because I get the power on early and try to drift the car through the true apex and continue with this sliding until I am set up for the next bit of straight."'' |
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The 14.2-mile Nürburgring-Nordschleife circuit brought out the very best in Clark. In the 1962 Nürburgring 1000 km he drove the small Lotus 23, fitted with the 1500 cc Lotus-Ford twin-cam engine, only 110 b.h.p. He ran rings round all the big-class 2,5 liter and 4 liter cars from Ferrari with 270 b.h.p. (Dino 246 SP), 390 b.h.p. (330 GTO) and worldclass drivers like Phil Hill, Olivier Gendebien, Willy Mairesse, Mike Parkes, Pedro Rodriguez, Lorenzo Bandini at the wheel on a patchily damp course and led with nearly 2 minutes (!) outright until, affected by fumes from a broken exhaust, he was unable to correct one last slide in time to prevent the car clattering off course into the bushes. |
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He apparently had difficulty understanding why other drivers were not as quick as himself. After his death, Clark's father told [[Dan Gurney]] that he was the only driver his son ever feared.<ref>{{cite book |last=Tremayne |first=David |coauthors=Mark Hughes |title=The Concise Enyclopedia of Formula One |year=2001 |publisher=Parragon |pages=61|isbn=0-75256-557-5 }}</ref> When Clark died, fellow driver [[Chris Amon]] was quoted as saying, "If it could happen to him, what chance do the rest of us have? I think we all felt that. It seemed like we'd lost our leader."<ref name=amon>[http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/drv-clajim.html www.grandprix.com & http://www.ddavid.com/formula1/clark.htm]</ref> |
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On [[April 7]] 1968, however, Jim Clark's life and driving career was brought to a premature and tragic end when, during a [[Formula 2]] race, his [[Lotus 48]] veered off the [[Hockenheimring]], [[Germany]] and crashed into trees. The cause of the crash was never definitively identified, but investigators concluded it was most likely due to a deflating rear tyre. The 1968 F1 Drivers' Championship was subsequently won by his Lotus team-mate [[Graham Hill]]. |
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Jim Clark is buried in the village of [[Chirnside]] in [[Berwickshire]]. A memorial stone can be found at the [[Hockenheimring]] circuit, moved from the site of his crash to a location closer to the current track and a life size statue of him in racing overalls stands by the bridge over a small stream in the village of his birth, Kilmany in Fife. A small museum, which is known as The Jim Clark Room<ref>[http://www.duns.bordernet.co.uk/local/clark.html The Jim Clark Room]</ref>, can be found in [[Duns]]. |
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===Legacy=== |
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Clark achieved 33 [[pole position]]s, 25 victories, 28 fastest laps, and 13 hattricks (!) (pole, fastest lap, victory in the same Grand Prix) from just 72 Grands Prix starts. He is remembered for his ability to drive and win in all types of cars and series, including a [[Lotus-Cortina]], with which he won the 1964 [[British Touring Car Championship]], [[Champ Car|IndyCar]], [[NASCAR]], driving a [[Ford Galaxie]] for the [[Holman Moody]] team, [[Rallying]], where he took part in the 1966 [[RAC Rally]] of Great Britain in a Lotus Cortina, and nearly won the event before crashing, and [[sports car]]s. He competed in the [[24 Hours of Le Mans|Le Mans 24 Hour]] race in 1959, 1960 and 1961, finishing 2nd in class in 1959 driving a Lotus Elite, and finishing 3rd overall in 1960, driving an [[Aston Martin DBR1]]. |
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He was also able to master difficult Lotus sportscar prototypes such as the [[Lotus 30]] and 40. |
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He was an inaugural inductee into the [[Scottish Sports Hall of Fame]] in 2002. |
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Clark had an uncanny ability to adapt to whichever car he was driving. Whilst other drivers would struggle to find a good car setup, Clark would usually set competitive lap times with whatever setup was provided and ask for the car to be left as it was. |
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==Complete World Championship Formula One results== |
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He apparently had difficulty understanding why other drivers were not as quick as himself. After his death, Clark's father told [[Dan Gurney]] that he was the only driver his son ever feared.<!--Source?--> When Clark died, fellow driver [[Chris Amon]] was quoted as saying, "If it could happen to him, what chance do the rest of us have?".<!--Source?--> |
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([[:Template:F1 driver results legend 2|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position; races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap) |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%" |
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! Year |
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! Entrant |
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! Chassis |
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! Engine |
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! 1 |
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! 2 |
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! 3 |
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! 4 |
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! 5 |
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! 6 |
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! 7 |
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! 8 |
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! 9 |
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! 10 |
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! 11 |
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! 12 |
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! WDC |
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! Pts.<small><ref name="droppedpoints"/></small> |
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|- |
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| [[1960 Formula One season|1960]] |
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! [[Team Lotus]] |
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! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] [[Lotus 18|18]] |
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! [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] [[straight-4|I4]] |
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| [[1960 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]<br><small></small> |
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| [[1960 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br><small></small> |
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| [[1960 Indianapolis 500|500]]<br><small></small> |
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|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[1960 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]<br><small>Ret</small> |
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|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| [[1960 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]<br><small>5</small> |
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|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| [[1960 French Grand Prix|FRA]]<br><small>5</small> |
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|bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| [[1960 British Grand Prix|GBR]]<br><small>16</small> |
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|bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| [[1960 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]<br><small>3</small> |
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| [[1960 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]<br><small></small> |
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|bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| [[1960 United States Grand Prix|USA]]<br><small>16</small> |
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| |
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| |
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! 10th |
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! 8 |
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|- |
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| [[1961 Formula One season|1961]] |
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! [[Team Lotus]] |
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! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] [[Lotus 21|21]] |
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! [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] [[straight-4|I4]] |
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|bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| [[1961 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br><small>10</small> |
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|bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| ''[[1961 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]''<br><small>3</small> |
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|bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| [[1961 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]<br><small>12</small> |
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|bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| [[1961 French Grand Prix|FRA]]<br><small>3</small> |
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|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[1961 British Grand Prix|GBR]]<br><small>Ret</small> |
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|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| [[1961 German Grand Prix|GER]]<br><small>4</small> |
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|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[1961 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]<br><small>Ret</small> |
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|bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| [[1961 United States Grand Prix|USA]]<br><small>7</small> |
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| |
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| |
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| |
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| |
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! 7th |
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! 11 |
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|- |
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| [[1962 Formula One season|1962]] |
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! [[Team Lotus]] |
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! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] [[Lotus 25|25]] |
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! [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] [[V8]] |
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|bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| [[1962 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]<br><small>9</small> |
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|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| '''''[[1962 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]'''''<br><small>Ret</small> |
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|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| ''[[1962 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]''<br><small>1</small> |
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|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| '''[[1962 French Grand Prix|FRA]]'''<br><small>Ret</small> |
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|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''''[[1962 British Grand Prix|GBR]]'''''<br><small>1</small> |
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|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| [[1962 German Grand Prix|GER]]<br><small>4</small> |
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|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| '''[[1962 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]'''<br><small>Ret</small> |
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|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''''[[1962 United States Grand Prix|USA]]'''''<br><small>1</small> |
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|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| '''''[[1962 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]'''''<br><small>Ret</small> |
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| |
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| |
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| |
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|bgcolor="#DFDFDF"| '''2nd''' |
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|bgcolor="#DFDFDF"| '''30''' |
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|- |
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| [[1963 Formula One season|1963]] |
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! [[Team Lotus]] |
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! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] [[Lotus 25|25]] |
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! [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] [[V8]] |
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|bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| '''[[1963 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]'''<br><small>8</small> |
|||
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| ''[[1963 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]''<br><small>1</small> |
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|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''''[[1963 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]'''''<br><small>1</small> |
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|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''''[[1963 French Grand Prix|FRA]]'''''<br><small>1</small> |
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|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''[[1963 British Grand Prix|GBR]]'''<br><small>1</small> |
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|bgcolor="#DFDFDF"| '''[[1963 German Grand Prix|GER]]'''<br><small>2</small> |
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|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| ''[[1963 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]''<br><small>1</small> |
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|bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| ''[[1963 United States Grand Prix|USA]]''<br><small>3</small> |
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|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''''[[1963 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]'''''<br><small>1</small> |
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|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''[[1963 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]'''<br><small>1</small> |
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| |
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| |
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|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''1st''' |
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|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''54 (73)''' |
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|- |
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|rowspan="2"| [[1964 Formula One season|1964]] |
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!rowspan="2"| [[Team Lotus]] |
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! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] [[Lotus 25|25]] |
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! [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] [[V8]] |
|||
|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| '''[[1964 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]'''<br><small>4</small> |
|||
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| ''[[1964 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]''<br><small>1</small> |
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|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| [[1964 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]<br><small>1</small> |
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|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| '''[[1964 French Grand Prix|FRA]]'''<br><small>Ret</small> |
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|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''''[[1964 British Grand Prix|GBR]]'''''<br><small>1</small> |
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| |
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| |
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|bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| [[1964 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]<br /><small>Ret</small> |
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| |
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| |
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|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| '''3rd''' |
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|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| '''32''' |
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|- |
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! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] [[Lotus 33|33]] |
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! [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] [[V8]] |
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| |
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| |
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| |
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| |
|||
| |
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|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[1964 German Grand Prix|GER]]<br><small>Ret</small> |
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|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[1964 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]<br><small>Ret</small> |
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| |
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|bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| '''''[[1964 United States Grand Prix|USA]]'''''<br /><small>7</small> |
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|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| '''''[[1964 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]'''''<br /><small>5</small> |
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| |
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| |
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|- |
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|rowspan="2"| [[1965 Formula One season|1965]] |
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!rowspan="2"| [[Team Lotus]] |
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! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] [[Lotus 33|33]] |
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! [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] [[V8]] |
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|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''''[[1965 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]'''''<br><small>1</small> |
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| [[1965 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br><small></small> |
|||
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| ''[[1965 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]''<br><small>1</small> |
|||
| |
|||
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''[[1965 British Grand Prix|GBR]]'''<br><small>1</small> |
|||
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| ''[[1965 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]''<br><small>1</small> |
|||
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''''[[1965 German Grand Prix|GER]]'''''<br><small>1</small> |
|||
|bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| '''''[[1965 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]'''''<br /><small>10</small> |
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|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[1965 United States Grand Prix|USA]] <br /><small>Ret</small> |
|||
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| '''[[1965 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]'''<br /><small>Ret</small> |
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| |
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| |
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|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''1st''' |
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|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''54''' |
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|- |
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! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] [[Lotus 25|25]] |
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! [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] [[V8]] |
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| |
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| |
|||
| |
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|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''''[[1965 French Grand Prix|FRA]]'''''<br><small>1</small> |
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| |
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| |
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| |
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| |
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| |
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| |
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| |
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| |
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|- |
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|rowspan="2"| [[1966 Formula One season|1966]] |
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!rowspan="2"| [[Team Lotus]] |
|||
! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] [[Lotus 33|33]] |
|||
! [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] [[V8]] |
|||
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| '''[[1966 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]'''<br><small>Ret</small> |
|||
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[1966 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]<br><small>Ret</small> |
|||
|bgcolor="white"| [[1966 French Grand Prix|FRA]]<br><small>DNS</small> |
|||
|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| [[1966 British Grand Prix|GBR]]<br><small>4</small> |
|||
|bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| [[1966 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]<br><small>3</small> |
|||
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| '''[[1966 German Grand Prix|GER]]'''<br><small>Ret</small> |
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| |
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| |
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| |
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| |
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| |
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| |
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!rowspan="2"| 6th |
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!rowspan="2"| 16 |
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|- |
|||
! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] [[Lotus 43|43]] |
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! [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] [[H16]] |
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| |
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| |
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| |
|||
| |
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| |
|||
| |
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|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[1966 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]<br /><small>Ret</small> |
|||
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| [[1966 United States Grand Prix|USA]]<br /><small>1</small> |
|||
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[1966 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]<br><small>Ret</small> |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|rowspan="3"| [[1967 Formula One season|1967]] |
|||
!rowspan="3"| [[Team Lotus]] |
|||
! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] [[Lotus 43|43]] |
|||
! [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] [[H16]] |
|||
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[1967 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]<br /><small>Ret</small> |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
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| |
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| |
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| |
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| |
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|rowspan="3" bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| '''3rd''' |
|||
|rowspan="3" bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| '''41''' |
|||
|- |
|||
! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] [[Lotus 33|33]] |
|||
! [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] [[V8]] |
|||
| |
|||
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| ''[[1967 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]''<br><small>Ret</small> |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] [[Lotus 49|49]] |
|||
! [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] [[Cosworth DFV|V8]] |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| ''[[1967 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]''<br><small>1</small> |
|||
|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| '''[[1967 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]'''<br><small>6</small> |
|||
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[1967 French Grand Prix|FRA]]<br><small>Ret</small> |
|||
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''[[1967 British Grand Prix|GBR]]'''<br><small>1</small> |
|||
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| '''[[1967 German Grand Prix|GER]]'''<br><small>Ret</small> |
|||
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| '''''[[1967 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]'''''<br><small>Ret</small> |
|||
|bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| '''''[[1967 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]'''''<br /><small>3</small> |
|||
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| [[1967 United States Grand Prix|USA]] <br /><small>1</small> |
|||
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''''[[1967 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]'''''<br /><small>1</small> |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[1968 Formula One season|1968]] |
|||
! [[Team Lotus]] |
|||
! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] [[Lotus 49|49]] |
|||
! [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] [[Cosworth DFV|V8]] |
|||
|bgcolor="#FFFFBF"| '''''[[1968 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]'''''<br><small>1</small> |
|||
| [[1968 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]<br><small></small> |
|||
| [[1968 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br><small></small> |
|||
| [[1968 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]<br><small></small> |
|||
| [[1968 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]<br><small></small> |
|||
| [[1968 French Grand Prix|FRA]]<br><small></small> |
|||
| [[1968 British Grand Prix|GBR]]<br><small></small> |
|||
| [[1968 German Grand Prix|GER]]<br /><small></small> |
|||
| [[1968 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] <br /><small></small> |
|||
| [[1968 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]<br /><small></small> |
|||
| [[1968 United States Grand Prix|USA]]<br /><small></small> |
|||
| [[1968 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]<br /><small></small> |
|||
! 11th |
|||
! 9 |
|||
|} |
|||
==Indy 500 results== |
|||
Jim Clark is buried in the village of [[Chirnside]] in [[Berwickshire]]. |
|||
<table><tr valign=top> |
|||
<td> |
|||
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center" |
|||
!Year<ref name=race>Jim Clark Indy 500 Race Stats [http://www.indy500.com/stats/drivers.php?drivername=Jim%20Clark]</ref> |
|||
|| Car <br> number || Start || Qual. <br>speed || Speed<br>rank || Finish || Laps<br>completed || Laps<br>led || Race<br>status|| Chassis |
|||
|- |
|||
![[1963 Indianapolis 500|1963]] |
|||
| 92 || 5 || 149.750 || 7 ||2 || 200 || 28 || Running ||Lotus-Ford 29/3 |
|||
|- |
|||
![[1964 Indianapolis 500|1964]] |
|||
| 6 || style="background:green;color:white"|1 ||158.828 || style="background:green;color:white"|1 || 24 || 47 || 14 || Suspension ||Lotus-Ford 34/3 |
|||
|- |
|||
![[1965 Indianapolis 500|1965]] |
|||
| 82 || 2 || 160.729 || 2 || style="background:green;color:white"|1 || 200 || 190 || Running ||Lotus-Ford 38/1 |
|||
|- |
|||
![[1966 Indianapolis 500|1966]] |
|||
| 19 || 2 || 164.114 || 2 || 2 || 200 || 66 || Running ||Lotus-Ford 38/4 |
|||
|- |
|||
![[1967 Indianapolis 500|1967]] |
|||
| 31 || 16 || 163.213 || 23 || 31 || 35 || 0 || Piston ||Lotus-Ford 38/7 |
|||
|- |
|||
|colspan=6|'''Totals''' |
|||
|682 |
|||
|298 |
|||
| |
|||
|} |
|||
</td> |
|||
<td> |
|||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
|||
|- |
|||
!Starts |
|||
|5 |
|||
|- |
|||
!Poles |
|||
|1 |
|||
|- |
|||
!Front Row |
|||
|3 |
|||
|- |
|||
!Wins |
|||
|1 |
|||
|- |
|||
!Top 5 |
|||
|3 |
|||
|- |
|||
!Top 10 |
|||
|3 |
|||
|- |
|||
!Retired |
|||
|2 |
|||
|} |
|||
</td> |
|||
</tr></table> |
|||
*Clark's starting positions from 1964, 1965, and 1966 represent the best 3-race starting streak of the 1960's. |
|||
===Awards=== |
|||
*Clark's 1965 win was the first win for a rear-engined car at the Indianapolis 500. No front-engined car has won the race since. |
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==Awards== |
|||
*F1 World Champion, 1963 and 1965 |
*F1 World Champion, 1963 and 1965 |
||
*Indianapolis 500 winner, 1965 |
*Indianapolis 500 winner, 1965 |
||
*[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]'s [[Wide World of Sports (US TV series)|Wide World of Sports]] Athlete of The Year, 1965 |
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*British Touring Car Championship Champion, 1964 |
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*[[British Touring Car Championship]] Champion, 1964 |
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*Tasman Cup winner, 1965, 1967 and 1968 |
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*[[Tasman Series]] Cup winner, 1965, 1967 and 1968 |
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*Third place overall, 1960 Le Mans 24 Hours |
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*Third place overall, [[1960 24 Hours of Le Mans]] |
|||
*He was inducted into the [[International Motorsports Hall of Fame]] in [[1990]]. |
*He was inducted into the [[International Motorsports Hall of Fame]] in [[1990]]. |
||
*He was inducted in the [[Motorsports Hall of Fame of America]] in 1990 in the open wheel class. |
*He was inducted in the [[Motorsports Hall of Fame of America]] in 1990 in the open wheel class. |
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*Jim Clark At The Wheel; Jim Clark, Barker, 1964 |
*Jim Clark At The Wheel; Jim Clark, Barker, 1964 |
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*The Jim Clark Story; Jim Gavin, Frewin, 1967 |
*The Jim Clark Story; Jim Gavin, Frewin, 1967 |
||
*Jim Clark, Portrait Of A Great Driver; Graham Gauld, Hamlyn, 1968, ISBN |
*Jim Clark, Portrait Of A Great Driver; Graham Gauld, Hamlyn, 1968, ISBN 0-668-01842-9 |
||
*Jim Clark Remembered; Graham Gauld, Patrick Stephens, 1984, ISBN |
*Jim Clark Remembered; Graham Gauld, Patrick Stephens, 1984, ISBN 0-85059-730-7 |
||
*Autocourse Driver Profile: Jim Clark; Doug Nye, Hazleton, 1991, ISBN |
*Autocourse Driver Profile: Jim Clark; Doug Nye, Hazleton, 1991, ISBN 0-905138-77-5 |
||
*Jim Clark, The Legend Lives On; Graham Gauld, Patrick Stephens, 1994, ISBN |
*Jim Clark, The Legend Lives On; Graham Gauld, Patrick Stephens, 1994, ISBN 1-85260-144-2 |
||
*Jim Clark; Eric Dymock, Haynes, 1997, ISBN |
*Jim Clark; Eric Dymock, Haynes, 1997, ISBN 0-85429-982-3 |
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*Jim Clark And His Most Successful Lotus; Doug Nye, Haynes, 2004, ISBN |
*Jim Clark And His Most Successful Lotus; Doug Nye, Haynes, 2004, ISBN 1-84425-029-6 |
||
==References== |
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<references/> |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
||
* [http://www2.eis.net.au/~bramwell/jim.htm Jim Clark, Formula One World Champion] |
* [http://www2.eis.net.au/~bramwell/jim.htm Jim Clark, Formula One World Champion] |
||
* [http://www.ddavid.com/formula1/clark.htm Photos of Jim Clark & Quotes about him.] |
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* Jimmy Clark at the [http://www.ddavid.com/formula1/clark_bio.htm Grand Prix History Hall of Fame] |
* Jimmy Clark at the [http://www.ddavid.com/formula1/clark_bio.htm Grand Prix History Hall of Fame] |
||
* [http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~garycr/2001/jim_clark_memorial/ Jim Clark Memorial at Hockenheim] |
* [http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~garycr/2001/jim_clark_memorial/ Jim Clark Memorial at Hockenheim] |
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{{start box}} |
{{start box}} |
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{{s-sports}} |
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{{succession box|before=[[A. J. Foyt]]|title=[[Indianapolis 500|Indianapolis 500 Winner]]|years=[[1965]]|after=[[Graham Hill]]}} |
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{{succession box|title=[[ |
{{succession box|title=[[BRDC International Trophy|BRDC International Trophy winner]] |before=[[Graham Hill]]|after=[[Jack Brabham]]|years=1963}} |
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{{succession box|title=[[List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions|Formula One World Champion]] |before=[[ |
{{succession box|title=[[List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions|Formula One World Champion]] |before=[[Graham Hill]]|after= [[John Surtees]]|years={{F1|1963}}}} |
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{{succession box|title=[[British Touring Car Championship|British Touring Car Champion]]|before=[[Jack Sears]]|after=[[Roy Pierpoint]]|years=1964}} |
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{{succession box|before=[[A. J. Foyt]]|title=[[List of Indianapolis 500 winners|Indianapolis 500 Winner]]|years=[[1965]]|after=[[Graham Hill]]}} |
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{{succession box|title=[[List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions|Formula One World Champion]] |before=[[John Surtees]]|after= [[Jack Brabham]]|years={{F1|1965}}}} |
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{{succession box|title=[[Tasman Series|Tasman Series Champion]] |before=[[Bruce McLaren]]|after=[[Jackie Stewart]]|years=1965}} |
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{{succession box|title=[[Tasman Series|Tasman Series Champion]] |before=[[Jackie Stewart]]|after=[[Chris Amon]]|years=1967-1968}} |
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{{s-ach|aw}} |
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{{succession box | title=[[Mike Hawthorn#Hawthorn Memorial Trophy|Hawthorn Memorial Trophy winner]] | before=[[Graham Hill]] | after=[[John Surtees]]| years=1963}} |
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{{succession box | title=[[Mike Hawthorn#Hawthorn Memorial Trophy|Hawthorn Memorial Trophy winner]] | before=[[John Surtees]] | after=[[Jack Brabham]]| years=1965}} |
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{{s-ach|rec}} |
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{{succession box|title=[[List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions#Youngest Drivers' Champion|Youngest Formula One<br>World Drivers' Champion]]| before = [[Mike Hawthorn]]</b><small><br/>29 years, 192 days<br/>([[1958 Formula One season|1958 season]]) | after = [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]</b><small><br/>25 years, 273 days<br/>([[1972 Formula One season|1972 season]]) | years = 27 years, 188 days<br/>([[1963 Formula One season|1963 season]])}} |
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{{succession box|title=[[List of Formula One records#Total Wins|Most Grand Prix wins]]<br>25 wins</b>, | before = [[Juan Manuel Fangio]]<small><br/>24 wins</b><br/>([[1950 Formula One season|1950]] - [[1958 Formula One season|1958]])</small>| after = [[Jackie Stewart]]<small><br/>27 wins</b>,<br/>26th at the [[1973 Dutch Grand Prix|1973 Dutch GP]] | years = 25th at the [[1968 South African Grand Prix|1968 South African GP]]}} |
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{{end box}} |
{{end box}} |
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{{Formula One World Drivers' Champions}} |
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[[Category:1936 births|Clark, Jim]] |
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{{Indy 500 winners}} |
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[[Category:1968 deaths|Clark, Jim]] |
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[[Category:Indy 500 winners|Clark, Jim]] |
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[[Category:Scottish racecar drivers|Clark, Jim]] |
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[[Category:Scottish Formula One drivers|Clark, Jim]] |
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[[Category:British Touring Car Championship drivers|Clark, Jim]] |
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[[Category:Indy 500 drivers|Clark, Jim]] |
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[[Category:Indy 500 pole-sitters|Clark, Jim]] |
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[[Category:Indy 500 Rookie of the Year|Clark, Jim]] |
[[Category:Indy 500 Rookie of the Year|Clark, Jim]] |
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[[Category:Indy 500 winners|Clark, Jim]] |
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[[Category:International Motorsports Hall of Fame|Clark, Jim]] |
[[Category:International Motorsports Hall of Fame|Clark, Jim]] |
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[[Category:Natives of Fife|Clark, Jim]] |
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[[Category:Scottish Formula One drivers|Clark, Jim]] |
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[[Category:Racecar drivers killed while racing|Clark, Jim]] |
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[[Category:Scottish Sports Hall of Fame|Clark, Jim]] |
[[Category:Scottish Sports Hall of Fame|Clark, Jim]] |
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[[Category:Scottish racecar drivers|Clark, Jim]] |
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[[Category:BTCC drivers|Clark, Jim]] |
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[[Category:Old Lorettonians|Clark, Jim]] |
[[Category:Old Lorettonians|Clark, Jim]] |
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[[Category:People from Fife|Clark, Jim]] |
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[[Category:Berwickshire|Clark, Jim]] |
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[[Category:Racecar drivers killed while racing|Clark, Jim]] |
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[[Category:1936 births|Clark, Jim]] |
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[[Category:1968 deaths|Clark, Jim]] |
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[[Category:BRDC Gold Star winners|Clark, Jim]] |
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[[bg:Джим Кларк]] |
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[[lv:Džims Klārks]] |
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[[ja:ジム・クラーク (レーサー)]] |
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[[pt:Jim Clark]] |
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Revision as of 16:17, 11 September 2007
Formula One World Championship career | |
---|---|
Nationality | British |
Active years | 1960 - 1968 |
Teams | Lotus |
Entries | 73 (72 starts) |
Championships | 2 |
Wins | 25 |
Podiums | 32 |
Career points | 255 (274)[1] |
Pole positions | 33 |
Fastest laps | 28 |
First entry | 1960 Dutch Grand Prix |
First win | 1962 Belgian Grand Prix |
Last win | 1968 South African Grand Prix |
Last entry | 1968 South African Grand Prix |
- This article is about the racing driver Jim Clark. For namesakes, please see James Clark.
Jim (or Jimmy) Clark OBE (4 March, 1936 – 7 April, 1968) was a Scottish[2] Formula One racing driver.
He was the dominant driver of his era, winning two World Championships, in 1963 and 1965. At the time of his death, he had won more Grand Prix races (25) and more pole positions (33) than any driver up to that time. He also competed in the Indianapolis 500 five times, and won it once, in 1965.
Early years
He was born James Clark Jr. into a farming family at Kilmany House Farm, Fife, the youngest child of five, and the only boy. In 1942 the family moved to Edington Mains Farm, near Duns, Berwickshire, in the Borders. He was educated at primary schools, first in Kilmany and then in Chirnside, and then following three years of preparatory schooling at Clifton Hall near Edinburgh he was sent to Loretto School in Musselburgh, near Edinburgh.
Although his parents were opposed to the idea, Clark started his racing in local road rally and hill climb events driving his own Sunbeam-Talbot, and proved a fearsome competitor right from the off. On 16 June 1956, in his very first event, he was behind the wheel of a DKW sonderklasse at Crimond, Scotland. By 1958, Clark was driving for the local Border Reivers team, racing Jaguar D-types and Porsches in national events, and winning 18 races.
Then on Boxing Day 1958, Clark met the man who would launch him to superstardom. Driving a Lotus Elite, he finished second to Colin Chapman. Chapman was sufficiently impressed to give Clark a ride in one of his Formula Junior cars. A legend was born.
Clark and Lotus
After Aston Martin's F1 programme fell through, Clark was a free agent. Colin Chapman snapped him up for his F1 squad, and Clark made his debut in the 1960 Dutch Grand Prix. Throughout his F1 career from 1960 to 1968 Clark drove only for the Lotus team. He developed a near telepathic relationship with Chapman, which contributed to their outstanding success together. Chapman's innovative and nimble designs combined with Clark's skills at the wheel made for a nearly unbeatable force. 1962 saw Clark battling Graham Hill (who drove for BRM) for the World Championship. Clark was driving Chapman's brilliant Lotus 25. In the final race an oil leak caused him to drop out just as victory seemed a formality.
His first Drivers' World Championship came driving the Lotus 25 in 1963, winning seven out of the ten races and Lotus its first Constructors' World Championship. That year he also competed in the Indianapolis 500 for the first time, and only the oil on the track from winner Parnelli Jones's car prevented him from winning, as he finished in second position and won Rookie of the Year honours. In 1964 Clark came within just a few laps of retaining his World Championship crown, but just as in 1962, an oil leak from the engine robbed him of the title, this time conceding to John Surtees. Tyre failure damaging the Lotus' suspension put paid to that year's attempt at the Indianapolis 500[3]. He made amends and won the Championship again in 1965 and also the Indianapolis 500 in the Lotus 38. He had to miss the prestigious Monaco Grand Prix in order to compete at Indianapolis, but made history by driving the first mid-engined car to win at the fabled "Brickyard," as well as becoming the only driver to date to win both that race and the F1 title in the same year.
At the same time, Clark was competing in the Australasia based Tasman series, run for older F1 cars, and was series champion in 1965, 1967 and 1968 driving for Lotus. He won fourteen races in all, a record for the series.
The FIA decreed from 1966, new 3-litre engine regulations would come into force. Lotus were less competitive. Starting with a 2-litre Coventry-Climax engine in the Lotus 33, Clark did not score points until the British Grand Prix and a third place at the following Dutch Grand Prix. From the Italian Grand Prix onwards Lotus used the highly complex BRM H16 engine in the Lotus 43 car, with which Clark won the United States Grand Prix. He also picked up another second place at the Indianapolis 500, this time behind Graham Hill.
During 1967 Lotus and Clark used three completely different cars and engines. The Lotus 43 performed poorly at the opening South African Grand Prix, so Clark used an old Lotus 33 at the following Monaco Grand Prix, retiring with suspension failure. Lotus then began its fruitful association with Ford-Cosworth. Their first car, the Lotus 49 featuring the most successful F1 engine in history, the Ford-Cosworth DFV, won its first race at the Dutch Grand Prix, driven by Clark. He won with it again at the British, United States and Mexican Grands Prix; and, in January 1968, at the South African Grand Prix. He had established himself as the dominant driver in what was, aside from its unreliability, the dominant car.
Remarkable performances
Jim Clark's drive in the 1967 Italian Grand Prix is regarded one of the greatest ever in F1. After starting from pole, he was leading in his Lotus 49 (chassis R2), when a tyre punctured. He lost an entire lap while having the wheel changed in the pits. After rejoining sixteenth, Clark then showed his genius by driving at his own limit, something which was not required when leading. He ripped back through the field, progressively lowered the lap record, eventually equalling his pole time of 1m 28.5s, to regain the lost lap and the lead. He was narrowly ahead of Brabham and Surtees starting the last lap, but his car had not been filled with enough fuel for such a performance — it faltered, and finally coasted across the finish line in third place. This performance is considered unmatched in the long history of F1.
Other examples of his skills are his drive in a Lotus 23, fitted with a 1500cc (90ci) Lotus-Ford twin-cam engine, for the 1962 1000km Nürburgring race, when he took pole position by nine seconds and more. The 14.2-mile Nürburgring Nordschleife brought out the very best in Clark. On a patchily damp track, he outperformed the similar-powered Porsche 718 and the more powerful Ferraris, of drivers like Phil Hill, Dan Gurney and Willy Mairesse, and led with nearly two minutes outright until, affected by fumes from a broken exhaust, he went off course into the bushes.
Amazingly though, despite his mercurial talent, Clark never won at Monaco. He came close once in 1963 only to be stopped with twenty-two laps to go with a broken gearbox.
The fatal crash
On 7 April 1968, Jim Clark's life tragically ended in a crash. He was originally slated to drive in the BOAC 1000 km sportscar race at Brands Hatch but instead chose to drive in a minor Formula 2 race for Lotus at the Hockenheimring in Germany, mostly due to contractual obligations with Firestone. On the fifth lap, his Lotus 48 veered off the track and crashed into the trees, killing him instantly. The cause of the crash was never definitively identified, but investigators concluded it was most likely due to a deflating rear tyre. Colin Chapman was devastated and publicly stated that he had lost his best friend. As a sign of respect, Chapman ordered the traditional green and yellow badge found on the nose of all Lotus road cars to be replaced with a black badge for a month following Clark's death. The 1968 F1 Drivers' Championship was subsequently won by his Lotus team-mate Graham Hill, who pulled the heartbroken team together and held off Jackie Stewart for the crown, which he later dedicated to Clark.
Legacy
Clark achieved 33 pole positions and won 25 races from his 72 Grands Prix starts in championship races. He is remembered for his ability to drive and win in all types of cars and series, including a Lotus-Cortina, with which he won the 1964 British Touring Car Championship, IndyCar, NASCAR, driving a Ford Galaxie for the Holman Moody team, Rallying, where he took part in the 1966 RAC Rally of Great Britain in a Lotus Cortina, and nearly won the event before crashing, and sports cars. He competed in the Le Mans 24 Hour race in 1959, 1960 and 1961, finishing second in class in 1959 driving a Lotus Elite, and finishing third overall in 1960, driving an Aston Martin DBR1.
He was also able to master difficult Lotus sportscar prototypes such as the Lotus 30 and 40. Clark had an uncanny ability to adapt to whichever car he was driving. Whilst other drivers would struggle to find a good car setup, Clark would usually set competitive lap times with whatever setup was provided and ask for the car to be left as it was.
Alec Maskell, a Dunlop tyre engineer who worked closely with Clark in the mid-1960s, reported that Clark used all four tyres equally, wearing them down at the same rate and using substantially less rubber than any other driver Maskell worked with (Jack Brabham seemingly used his rears more; Dan Gurney and John Surtees used their fronts). Neither Clark nor Dunlop could explain how he did this, but it suggests rather remarkable balance.
Clark describes his unusual driving style in his autobiography: "I know I am inclined to go into a corner earlier than most people. By that I mean that most people run deep into a corner before turning the wheels to go round. In this way you can complete all your braking in a straight line, as everyone recommends you do, before setting the car up for the corner; but I prefer to cut into the corner early and even with my brakes still on to set up the car earlier. In this way, I almost make a false apex because I get the power on early and try to drift the car through the true apex and continue with this sliding until I am set up for the next bit of straight."
He apparently had difficulty understanding why other drivers were not as quick as himself. After his death, Clark's father told Dan Gurney that he was the only driver his son ever feared.[4] When Clark died, fellow driver Chris Amon was quoted as saying, "If it could happen to him, what chance do the rest of us have? I think we all felt that. It seemed like we'd lost our leader."[5]
Jim Clark is buried in the village of Chirnside in Berwickshire. A memorial stone can be found at the Hockenheimring circuit, moved from the site of his crash to a location closer to the current track and a life size statue of him in racing overalls stands by the bridge over a small stream in the village of his birth, Kilmany in Fife. A small museum, which is known as The Jim Clark Room[6], can be found in Duns.
He was an inaugural inductee into the Scottish Sports Hall of Fame in 2002.
Complete World Championship Formula One results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Indy 500 results
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- Clark's starting positions from 1964, 1965, and 1966 represent the best 3-race starting streak of the 1960's.
- Clark's 1965 win was the first win for a rear-engined car at the Indianapolis 500. No front-engined car has won the race since.
Awards
- F1 World Champion, 1963 and 1965
- Indianapolis 500 winner, 1965
- ABC's Wide World of Sports Athlete of The Year, 1965
- British Touring Car Championship Champion, 1964
- Tasman Series Cup winner, 1965, 1967 and 1968
- Third place overall, 1960 24 Hours of Le Mans
- He was inducted into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame in 1990.
- He was inducted in the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 1990 in the open wheel class.
Bibliography
- Jim Clark At The Wheel; Jim Clark, Barker, 1964
- The Jim Clark Story; Jim Gavin, Frewin, 1967
- Jim Clark, Portrait Of A Great Driver; Graham Gauld, Hamlyn, 1968, ISBN 0-668-01842-9
- Jim Clark Remembered; Graham Gauld, Patrick Stephens, 1984, ISBN 0-85059-730-7
- Autocourse Driver Profile: Jim Clark; Doug Nye, Hazleton, 1991, ISBN 0-905138-77-5
- Jim Clark, The Legend Lives On; Graham Gauld, Patrick Stephens, 1994, ISBN 1-85260-144-2
- Jim Clark; Eric Dymock, Haynes, 1997, ISBN 0-85429-982-3
- Jim Clark And His Most Successful Lotus; Doug Nye, Haynes, 2004, ISBN 1-84425-029-6
References
- ^ a b Up until 1990, not all points scored by a driver contributed to their final World Championship tally (see list of pointscoring systems for more information). Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.
- ^ "Jim Clark, Scottish automobile racer who became the world driving champion in 1963", Encyclopædia Britannica, accessed 15 May 2007
- ^ http://eis.net.au/~bramwell/indy.htm
- ^ Tremayne, David (2001). The Concise Enyclopedia of Formula One. Parragon. p. 61. ISBN 0-75256-557-5.
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suggested) (help) - ^ www.grandprix.com & http://www.ddavid.com/formula1/clark.htm
- ^ The Jim Clark Room
- ^ Jim Clark Indy 500 Race Stats [1]
External links
- Jim Clark, Formula One World Champion
- Photos of Jim Clark & Quotes about him.
- Jimmy Clark at the Grand Prix History Hall of Fame
- Jim Clark Memorial at Hockenheim
- Jim Clark memorial room at Duns, Scotland
- Video clip: Jim Clark breaks records at Brands Hatch (July 1964)
- Jim Clark Memorial Rally
- Jim Clark statistics