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Murty and Vohra a literary association meeting held in Visakhapattanam which was presided by Dr.[[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]] and the chief guest was the Maharajah of Jeypore, Sir Vikram Dev Varma.{{sfn|Murty and Vohra|1990|p=66}} |
Murty and Vohra a literary association meeting held in Visakhapattanam which was presided by Dr.[[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]] and the chief guest was the Maharajah of Jeypore, Sir Vikram Dev Varma.{{sfn|Murty and Vohra|1990|p=66}} |
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===Post-Independence titular kings=== |
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[[File:HH Maharajah Sri Ramkrishna Dev.jpg|thumb|Maharajah Sri Ramkrishna Dev]] |
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Ram Krishna Dev (1951–2006), or His Highness Maharajah Ram Krishna Dev, was the first titular king of Jeypore after his coronation in 1951 following the death of his grandfather. He married Rama Kumari Devi of [[Sitamau State|Sitamau]] State of Malwa region and had three children, a daughter, Maharajakumari Maya Vijay Lakshmi, and two sons, Yuvraj Shakti Vikram Dev and Rajkumar Vibhuti Bhusan Dev. The senior prince was married to Mayank Kumari Devi of [[Deogarh, Rajasthan|Deogarh]] in [[Rajasthan]] and had a daughter named Lalit Lavang Latika Devi. The younger prince Vibhuti Bhusan was married to Sarika Devi of [[Nai Garhi|Naigarhi]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]] and had a son named Vishweshwar Chandrachud Dev. However, after the untimely deaths of both princes in 1997 and 2006, respectively, the throne was left vacant and the properties have grown dilapidated.{{citation needed|date=October 2019}} |
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Seeing the kingdom in despair, followed by lack of responsibility and family feuds, on 13 January 2013, the day of the auspicious occasion of [[Makar Sankranti]], the main festival of the solar dynasty devoted to [[Surya]] (regarded as the primogenitor of the Suryavansh), Rajmata Maharani Rama Kumari Devi ordered the coronation of her grandson and the only male heir of the 570 years old dynasty, Prince Vishweshwar, who was then crowned as the 27th king of the erstwhile kingdom of South-Eastern India.<ref name="Jeypore hails its new lord">{{cite web |last1=Pattnaik |first1=Satyanarayan |title=Jeypore hails its new lord |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Jeypore-hails-its-new-lord/articleshow/18025343.cms |publisher=Times of India |date=15 January 2013 |accessdate=26 May 2020}}</ref> |
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[[File:HH Maharajah Vishweshwer Chandrachud Dev.jpg|thumb|Maharajah Vishweshwer Chandrachud Dev is the present titular King of Jeypore, Kalinga]] |
[[File:HH Maharajah Vishweshwer Chandrachud Dev.jpg|thumb|Maharajah Vishweshwer Chandrachud Dev is the present titular King of Jeypore, Kalinga]] |
Revision as of 03:06, 17 June 2020
Kingdom of Jeypore | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kingdom of Kalinga 1443-1711 Princely Estate of British India 1765-1947 | |||||||
1443–1947 | |||||||
Jeypore estate in the Imperial Gazetteer of India | |||||||
Capital | Jeypore | ||||||
Area | |||||||
• 1880 | 31,079 km2 (12,000 sq mi) | ||||||
• 1925 | 36,259 km2 (14,000 sq mi) | ||||||
Population | |||||||
• 1880 | 4,675,000 | ||||||
History | |||||||
• Established | 1443 | ||||||
1947 | |||||||
| |||||||
Today part of | Odisha, India |
The Kingdom of Jeypore, also known as Jeypore Kalinga Rajya (जयपुर कलिंग राज्य) and as Jeypore Samasthanam under the British Raj, was a kingdom in the Kalinga region ruled by the kings of the Suryavansh dynasty, who trace their origins from ‘Dev’ Suryavanshis of Jammu & Kashmir and thus claim to be the descendants of Rama. [1][2][3][4][5] It was an independent princely state from 1443 to 1775 and a princely estate under British rule from 1776 to 1947. It had three capitals under different rulers: Nandapur, Rayagada and Jeypore, the most prominent.[6] It was the largest of all princely states and estates in the Madras Presidency, covering an area of 31,079 km2 (12,000 sq mi) in 1880 and 36,259 km2 (14,000 sq mi) in 1925.[7] Despite being the largest kingdom, it never had the status of a princely state because it lost the crucial feudatories of Bobbili, Vizianagaram, Kalahandi, Salur, Srungavarapukota, Nowagarh, Khariar and Gajapathinagaram, which clinched independence from Jeypore and were later recognised as princely estates under British Rule.[8] The last ruler of the kingdom was King Vikram Dev IV when the estate was dissolved in 1947 and merged into the Union of India.[9]
Early history
Vinayak Dev, the first king of the dynasty was a descendant of 'Dev' suryavanshis that ruled parts of Kashmir. He left Kashmir in the early 15th century for a pilgrimage to Kashi Vishweshwara and then migrated to Kalinga.[1][3][4] According to Sehgal, the kings of the Dev and Jamwal clans played an influential role in consolidating 22 feudatories of the Duggar region that formed the future Dogra kingdom under the present Dogra dynasty.[5] However, it is a matter of debate whether the two clans of Dev and Jamwal share the same family roots.
Evidently, the Jamwal clan claims to be Rajput whereas the Dev clan consider their family as Aryaputra Kshatriya as mentioned in the Vamsyavali or genealogical chronicles of the dynasty - 'Jayapura Rajya Vamsyavali'. This book also mentions Agnigiri a suryavanshi prince that migrated into the valley with his followers and became king of the region. He was the son of King Sudarshana I of Ayodhya and the ancestor of the Suryavansh branch of Jammu & Kashmir. In his book, J.P. Mittal confirms King Sudarshana as the 39th successor from the line of Kusha and also mentions Agnigiri's expedition to Jammu.[10]
The last Silavamsi king of Nandapur was Pratap Ganga Raju who served as a feudal lord under the vast Gajapati Kingdom of Kapilendra Deva. He married his only daughter named Lilavati to Vinayak Dev and appointed him as the successor. Therefore, Vinayak Dev established a branch of Suryavansh in the region of Kalinga and ruled as the vassal state of the Gajapatis. Although some sources suggest that he conquered the hilly and obscure region stretching up to the river Krishna and Guntur in south.[11]
Vishwanath Dev (1527-1571) famously known as Maharajah Vishwanath Dev Gajapati, son of Bhairava succeeded his father in 1527. He served as a commander in the kingdom's army and successfully garnered a skilled set of soldiers. The fifth report on the affairs of the company describe him as the last prince to have united under his scepter all the ancient domains of the kings of Kalinga and restored them from the confines of Bengal to those of Telangana in south, which contained in his fold innumerable feudatories that paid homage to his royal seat.[12]
He founded the city of Rayagada as the new capital of his kingdom and built a fort near river Nagavali and constructed a temple of Maa Majhighariani.[13] The royal geneaolgy describes him as a valiant and ambitious ruler who conquered the southern parts of West Bengal, Jharkhand and parts of Andhra. He successfully formed an imperial administration in and outside the radius of Kalinga and claimed the title of 'Gajapati' which was symbolically used by the powerful dynasty of the Gajapatis before its end in 1541. A peace treaty was signed between the Qutub Shahis of Golconda marking river Godavari as the boundary between the two kingdoms.[14][2] P. Sivaramakrishna, Director of Search for Action and Knowledge of Tribal Initiative (Sakti), working on tribal issues for the past three decades has also confirmed that the reign of the Jeypore kings stretched up to East Godavari.[15]
Later history
British India
Vikram Dev III (1889–1920), also known as His Highness Maharajah Sir Sri Sri Vikram Dev KCIE, was only fourteen when his father died and had to wait for his responsibilities until he turned twenty-eight. Before dying, his father had made arrangements for the education of the son and Dr. Marsh who was then appointed tutor remained as such till the expiration of the minority of the prince, writes Vedavelu. As part of his education, he traveled to various significant places in India and interviewed persons such as Lord Elgin, the Viceroy and Governor-General of India, and Lord Wenlock, the Governor of Madras. He was honoured by the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire as the Knight Commander (KCIE) and dignified with the hereditary style of "His Highness" conferred on him and his successors. The Government of India, in recognition of his merit and qualifications, conferred upon him the distinction of "Maharajah" in 1896, which was originally held by his ancestors both before and after the advent of the British.[16] In 1893, he was married to the princess of Surguja State and in 1901 he was hosted by Lord Curzon, the Viceroy and Governor-General of India, and Lord Ampthill, the Governor of Madras. He laid the foundation of the new palace known as Moti Mahal and was a liberal philanthropist, donating to many institutions that helped the public. He also paid for the Victoria Memorial Hall Fund at Kolkata and funded the construction of bridges over the rivers of Kolab and Indravati. His charitable work included donating to the Indian Famine Relief Fund and Transvaal War Fund. He died in 1920.[17]
Ramchandra Dev IV (1920–1931), also known as His Highness Lieutenant Maharajah Ramchandra Dev, ascended the throne in 1920. He was a well-educated gentleman who received reverential applause and the rank of a Lieutenant for his aid in the First World War by sending his navy's twelve ships and a small unit of his troops. Viscount Goschen, the Governor of Madras and later Viceroy of India, was invited by the king to inaugurate the statue of his father Sir Vikram Dev III and stayed in the royal guest house of the kingdom. The king died an untimely death in Allahabad in 1931 without any issue and was succeeded by his uncle, who was also named Vikram Dev. Although he died unexpectedly and early, he is famous for building the grand Hawa Mahal or the Palace of Winds on the beach of Visakhapatnam.[18]
Vikram Dev IV (1931–1951), known as Sahitya Samrat HH Maharajah Vikram Dev, was crowned as the last king of the kingdom in 1931. He is known as the royal saint because of his religious attitude and contributions to education and welfare inside and outside of his kingdom. He was a scholar, poet, playwright and leader. Being a prolific writer and proficient in five different languages, Telugu, Odia, Hindi, Sanskrit and English, he earned the literary epithet of Sahitya Samrat, meaning the "Emperor of Literature", and a doctorate degree (D.Litt.) from Andhra University. He donated large amounts to Andhra University and served as the vice-chancellor of Andhra and Utkal Universities. He married his daughter to an aristocratic family of Bihar and made his son-in-law Kumar Bidyadhar Singh Deo look after the affairs of his kingdom. His daughter gave birth to two sons and, as per traditional vedic rule which suggests that the younger son belongs to the mother, eventually Ram Krishna Dev, being the younger prince, was appointed as the crown prince. He was the last king as the kingdom merged into the newly formed Union of India.[19]
Murty and Vohra a literary association meeting held in Visakhapattanam which was presided by Dr.Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan and the chief guest was the Maharajah of Jeypore, Sir Vikram Dev Varma.[20]
Rulers
1443–1675 (from Nandapur and Rayagada)
Name | Reign began | Reign ended | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Raja Vinayak Dev
(राजा विनायक देव) |
1443 | 1476 |
2 | Raja Vijaychandraksha Dev
(राजा विजयचंद्राक्ष देव) |
1476 | 1510 |
3 | Raja Bhairav Dev
(राजा भैरव देव) |
1510 | 1527 |
4 | Kalingadhipati Maharajah Vishwanath Dev Gajapati
(कलिंगधिपती महाराज विश्वनाथ देव गजपति) |
1527 | 1571 |
5 | Raja Balaram Dev I
(राजा बलराम देव) |
1571 | 1597 |
6 | Raja Yesovant Dasmatt Dev
(राजा यशोवंत दासमत्त देव) |
1597 | 1637 |
7 | Raja Krishna Raj Dev
(राजा कृष्णराज देव) |
1637 | 1637 |
1675–1947 (from Jeypore)
Name | Reign began | Reign ended | |
---|---|---|---|
8 | Maharajah Veer Vikram Dev
(महाराजा वीरविक्रम देव) |
1637 | 1669 |
9 | Maharajah Krishna Dev
(महाराजा कृष्ण देव) |
1669 | 1672 |
10 | Maharajah Vishwambhar Dev
(महाराजा विश्वंभर देव) |
1672 | 1676 |
11 | Maharajah Malakimardhan Krishna Dev
(महाराजा मलिकमर्धन कृष्ण देव) |
1676 | 1681 |
12 | Maharajah Hari Dev
(महाराजा हरि देव) |
1681 | 1684 |
13 | Maharajah Balaram Dev II
(महाराजा बलराम देव २) |
1684 | 1686 |
14 | Maharajah Raghunath Krishna Dev
(महाराजा रघुनाथ कृष्ण देव) |
1686 | 1708 |
15 | Maharajah Ram Chandra Dev I
(महाराजा रामचंद्र देव) |
1708 | 1711 |
16 | Maharajah Balaram Dev III
(महाराजा बलराम देव ३) |
1711 | 1713 |
17 | Maharajah Vishwambhar Dev II
(महाराजा विश्वंभर देव २) |
1713 | 1752 |
18 | Maharajah Lala Krishna Dev
(महाराजा लाला कृष्ण देव) |
1752 | 1758 |
19 | Maharajah Vikram Dev I
(महाराजा विक्रम देव) |
1758 | 1781 |
20 | Maharajah Ram Chandra Dev II
(महाराजा रामचंद्र देव २) |
1781 | 1825 |
21 | Maharajah Vikram Dev II
(महाराजा विक्रम देव २) |
1825 | 1860 |
22 | Maharajah Ram Chandra Dev III
(महाराजा रामचंद्र देव ३) |
1860 | 1889 |
23 | HH Maharajah Sir Sri Sri Vikram Dev III KCIE
(महाराजा श्री श्री विक्रम देव ३) |
1889 | 1920 |
24 | HH Lieutenant Maharajah Ram Chandra Dev IV
(महाराजा रामचंद्र देव ४) |
1920 | 1931 |
25 | HH Sahitya Samrat Maharajah Vikram Dev IV Garu
(‘साहित्य सम्राट’ महाराजा विक्रम देव ४ गारू) |
1931 | 1951 |
26 | HH Maharajah Ram Krishna Dev (titular)
(महाराजा राम कृष्ण देव) |
1951 | 2006 |
27 | HH Maharajah Vishweshwar Chandrachud Dev (titular)
(महाराजा विश्वेश्वर चंद्रचूड़ देव) |
2013 |
References
- ^ a b Vadivelu 1903, p. 70.
- ^ a b Mohanty 2013.
- ^ a b Singh Deo 1939, p. 8.
- ^ a b Das Kornel 2010, p. 278.
- ^ a b Narendra Sehgal 2013, p. 41-42.
- ^ Singh Deo 1939.
- ^ Royal Collection Trust UK 1880.
- ^ Dr Tara Dutt 2015, p. 45.
- ^ Singh Deo 1939, p. 58.
- ^ JP Mittal 2006, p. 391,395,397.
- ^ Singh Deo 1939, p. 11.
- ^ Presidency, Madras (1866). The Fifth Annual Report from the Select Committee on the Affairs of the East India Company (First ed.). United Scottish Press, London: Graves, Cookson & Co. p. 141,217. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
- ^ Schnepel 1995, p. 147. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFSchnepel1995 (help)
- ^ Singh Deo 1939, p. 19.
- ^ https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/shedding-light-on-tribalhistory-and-culture/article18557961.ece
- ^ Vadivelu 1903, p. 74.
- ^ Vadivelu 1903, p. 75.
- ^ https://www.yovizag.com/hawa-mahal-visakhapatnam-heritage-building/
- ^ Mahalik, Nirakar. "Vikram Dev Verma" (PDF). Magazines.odisha.gov.in. Odisha Magazine. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
- ^ Murty and Vohra 1990, p. 66.
- Burkhard Schnepel (1995). Durga and the King: Ethno-historical Aspects of Politico-Ritual Life in a South Orissan Kingdom. Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. ISBN 978-81-86772-17-1.
- Indrajit Mohanty (2013). Jeypore - A Historical Perspective (PDF). Government of Odisha State. ISBN 978-81-86772-17-1.
- Jai Pal Mittal (2006). History of Ancient India: a new version. Atlantic Publishers. ISBN 978-81-86772-17-1.
- Das Kornel (2010). Culture Heritage History And Historiography In Dandakaranya Vol II. Eeshan-Ankit Prakashnee Jatagarh Odisha. ISBN 978-81-86772-17-1.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Singh Deo, Kumar Bidyadhar (1939). Nandapur A Forsaken Kingdom. Utkal Sahitya Press. ISBN 978-81-86772-17-1.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help)[unreliable source?] - K. Satchidananda Murty, Ashok Vohra (1990). Radhakrishnan: His Life and Ideas. SUNY Press, 11 Sep 1990. ISBN 978-81-86772-17-1.
- Narendra Sehgal (2013). A State in Turbulence Jammu & Kashmir. Ocean Books Private Limited. ISBN 978-81-86772-17-1.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Dr Tara Dutt (2015). Odisha District Gazetteers: Nabarangapur (PDF). Government of Odisha. ISBN 978-81-86772-17-1.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - A Vadivelu (1903). The Aristocracy of Southern India. Vest and Co.
- "Calcutta, Bombay & Simla : Bourne & Shepherd (active 1864-1900s) - Vikram Deo IV, Maharaja of Jeypore (1875-1920)". Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 26 May 2020.[unreliable source?]