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The James Foley Scholarship in the J. William and Mary Diederich College of Communication was established at [[Marquette University]] in his honor.<ref>"[https://muconnect.marquette.edu/giving/foley-scholarship James Foley scholarship, Marquette University]" Retrieved August 23, 2014.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jsonline.com/news/education/foleys-parents-say-his-marquette-experience-sparked-his-lifes-mission-b99336077z1-272292641.html?ipad=y |title=Foley's parents say his Marquette experience sparked his life's mission |publisher=Jsonline.com |date= |accessdate=2014-08-24}}</ref> |
The James Foley Scholarship in the J. William and Mary Diederich College of Communication was established at [[Marquette University]] in his honor.<ref>"[https://muconnect.marquette.edu/giving/foley-scholarship James Foley scholarship, Marquette University]" Retrieved August 23, 2014.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jsonline.com/news/education/foleys-parents-say-his-marquette-experience-sparked-his-lifes-mission-b99336077z1-272292641.html?ipad=y |title=Foley's parents say his Marquette experience sparked his life's mission |publisher=Jsonline.com |date= |accessdate=2014-08-24}}</ref> |
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Another major impact of the kidnapping, imprisonment and execution of James Foley is scrutiny of [[United States of America|America]]'s policy of not negotiating with terrorists. When it emerged that ISIS had offered a prisoner swap<ref name=scrutiny/>, it led to comparisons with the case of [[Bowe Bergdahl]] and the seeming uneven application of the no-negotiation policy<ref name=scrutiny>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/11051632/US-must-rethink-uneven-no-negotiation-policy-say-James-Foley-family.html |title=US must rethink 'uneven' no-negotiation policy, say James Foley family |publisher=[[The Telegraph]]|author=Alastair Beach and Philip Sherwell |date=24 August 2014 |accessdate=2014-09-03}}</ref>. The Obama administration claimed that the two cases cannot be compared since the [[Bowe Bergdahl|Bergdahl]] swap had been arranged through [[Qatar]] and that there was no 'direct negotiation with terrorists'<ref name=scrutiny/>. |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
Revision as of 02:28, 4 September 2014
James Foley | |
---|---|
File:James Foley in 2011.jpg Foley in 2011 | |
Born | James Wright Foley October 18, 1973 |
Died | c. August 19, 2014 | (aged 40)
Cause of death | Decapitation |
Nationality | American |
Other names | Jim Foley |
Alma mater | Marquette University University of Massachusetts Amherst Medill School of Journalism |
Occupation | Journalist |
Employer | Freelancer |
Parent(s) | John and Diane Foley |
James Wright Foley (October 18, 1973 – circa August 19, 2014) was an American journalist and video reporter. He was working as a freelance war correspondent during the Syrian Civil War when he was abducted on November 22, 2012 in northwestern Syria. In August 2014, Foley was reportedly the first American citizen to be killed by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL / ISIS / Islamic State / IS) in the Syrian conflict. [2]
Before journalism, Foley was an instructor for Teach For America. In 2009, he became an embedded journalist with USAID-funded development projects in Iraq, and in 2011, he wrote for military newspaper Stars and Stripes in Afghanistan, and GlobalPost in Libya, where he was captured by Gaddafi loyalist forces and held for 44 days. When he was captured in Syria the following year, he was working for Agence France-Presse and GlobalPost.
Early life and education
Foley was a native of Rochester, New Hampshire,[3] and attended Kingswood Regional High School in Wolfeboro, New Hampshire.[4] He was the oldest of five children born to John and Diane Foley.[5] He was a Catholic.[6][7]
Foley graduated from Marquette University, a private, Jesuit Catholic institution, in 1996,[8] from the MFA Program for Poets & Writers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 2003,[9] and from Northwestern University's Medill School of Journalism in 2008.[10]
Career
Foley began his career as a teacher in Arizona, Massachusetts, and Chicago for Teach For America (TFA). In the mid-2000s he changed careers to photojournalism.[11] In 2009, Foley worked for USAID-funded development projects in Baghdad. He helped organize conferences and training seminars for a program designed to rebuild Iraq’s civil service, crippled by decades of isolation and autocratic administration. In 2010 he left Iraq and applied for military embed-journalist accommodation status in Afghanistan to become a freelance journalist.[12] He was an embedded journalist with US troops in Iraq, where his brother was serving as an officer in the United States Air Force.[12] In January 2011, Foley joined Stars and Stripes as a reporter on assignment in Afghanistan. Two months later he was removed from his post after being detained by US military police at Kandahar Air Field on suspicion of possessing and using marijuana. On 3 March 2011, Foley admitted that he had marijuana in his possession and resigned his position.[13][14][15]
In 2011, while working for GlobalPost, Foley went to Libya to cover the uprising against Muammar Gaddafi, embedding himself with rebel fighters.[11]
2011 kidnapping in Libya
In April 2011, Foley and three other journalists were detained near Brega, Libya, by forces loyal to Gaddafi; fellow photojournalist Anton Hammerl was killed in the attack in which Foley was captured.[16][17] Foley was released from jail 44 days later [17] He returned to Milwaukee to thank the community for praying for his safe return.[18] In an interview, Foley said, "You go through different emotions when you're in captivity... These weird extreme ideas of where you are based on this capture. You don't want to be defined as that guy who got captured in 2011. I believe front line journalism is important [without it] we can't tell the world how bad it might be."[19] He also wrote an article for Marquette Magazine about how rosary prayers helped get him through his captivity.[20][21] His experience of being captured did not deter him; he quickly returned to Libya, and was at the scene of Muammar Gaddafi’s capture with GlobalPost correspondent Tracey Shelton on October 20, 2011.[22]
Foley continued working as a freelancer for GlobalPost and other media outlets like Agence France-Presse during the Syrian Civil War.[23]
Kidnapping in Syria and death
Foley was kidnapped by an organized gang after departing from an internet café in Binesh with his translator, in northwestern Syria on his way to the Turkish border on November 22, 2012.[24] The translator was later released.[25]
Sources close to the family said that they believed he was kidnapped by Shabiha militia, a group loyal to Syrian President Bashar Assad. He was later reportedly held in a Syrian Air Force Intelligence complex in Damascus.[26][27]
During negotiations from November to December 2013, Foley's captors demanded 100 million euros in ransom (approximately 132 million US dollars) from Foley's family, GlobalPost (his employer), and the US in exchange for his release.[15][28][29] The chief executive officer of GlobalPost, Philip Balboni, stated that the company spent millions on efforts to bring Foley home, including hiring an international security firm. In September 2013 the firm was able to locate Foley and had been able to follow his locations. He had moved many times during his captivity.[29][30][31]
In July 2014, US President Barack Obama authorized a “substantial and complex” rescue operation after the US intelligence community said a “broad collection of intelligence” led to believe that the hostages were being held at a specific location in Syria. However, the mission failed because the hostages had been moved.[32] The operation involved special operations forces from multiple branches of the US military, including the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment, helicopters, fixed wing aircraft and drones.[33] When Delta Force commandos landed in the eastern Syrian city of Raqqa, they were met with gunfire and it became apparent that the hostages had been moved.[34] IS suffered casualties and American forces suffered a single minor injury. The operation was only de-classified after Foley's death. It represented the first confirmation of US troops operating on the ground within Syria during the Syrian Civil War.[32][35]
On August 12, 2014, Foley's parents received an email from his captors taking issue with the US government, saying it had refused to pay ransoms, unlike other governments, refused to negotiate prisoner exchanges, and "had no motivation to deal with the Muslims except through force". The email's authors said they had left the US alone since its "disgraceful defeat in Iraq," but would "avenge" the US bombings, initially with the death of Foley. John Foley, the father of James, said he didn't realize how brutal his captors were. Even after receiving the email, he held out hope his son's release could still be negotiated.[36] The family had reportedly been preparing to break US law to pay a ransom (undisclosed amount) for his release.[37]
Foley's whereabouts were unknown to most until August 19, 2014, when IS uploaded a video to YouTube entitled "A Message to America". Though quickly deleted, it continued to circulate widely on other Internet sites.[38] The video appears to have been filmed in several takes.[39] It does not show the actual moment of Foley's decapitation, unlike previous beheading videos which typically show the entire act.[40][41] After Foley's beheaded corpse is shown, the masked man reveals that IS is holding another American journalist, Time magazine contributor Steven Joel Sotloff, and said that he would be killed if U.S. President Obama did not halt air strikes against IS.[10][42] A video showing the alleged beheading of Sotloff was released on September 2, 2014.[43]In the video, the executioner says, "I'm back, Obama, and I'm back because of your arrogant foreign policy towards the Islamic State, because of your insistence on continuing your bombings and on Mosul Dam, despite our serious warnings. So just as your missiles continue to strike our people, our knife will continue to strike the necks of your people." [44]
The video of the Foley beheading was shot at an unknown desert location, and media sources gave the name Jihadi John to the man who spoke with a "Multicultural London English" accent[45] and made the threats.[46] The video was produced and distributed by Al Hayat Media Center, a media outlet of IS that is under the authority of the IS’s official propaganda arm, the Al-Itisam Establishment for Media Production, that targets specifically Western and non-Arabic speaking audiences.[47][48]
On August 19, Foley's family confirmed his death.[49][50] On August 20, the United States National Security Council confirmed that the video was authentic.[51] An unnamed forensics expert commissioned by The Times (UK) to analyze the video said "I think it has been staged. My feeling is that the execution may have happened after the camera was stopped." The Times concluded that "No one is questioning that the photojournalist was beheaded, but camera trickery and slick post-production techniques appear to have been used."[52]
His mother, Diane Foley, posted on the "Free James Foley" page on Facebook: "We have never been prouder of our son Jim, he gave his life trying to expose the world to the suffering of the Syrian people".[8] Pope Francis called Foley's family to express his condolences.[53] Foley's brother said he believed the US government could have done more to save James during hostage negotiations, due to the government's policy of not paying ransom and other unspecified issues.[54]
The US Justice Department is pursuing a criminal investigation into Foley's death, Attorney General Eric Holder announced on August 21: “We will not forget what happened and people will be held accountable, one way or the other”.[55]
On August 22, fellow hostage Peter Moore, who had been held with Foley before his release, called on their captors to release Foley's body to his family.[56] British analyst Eliot Higgins — who works under the pseudonym Brown Moses and fields a "citizen-journalist" website titled Bellingcat — offered photographic and video forensic evidence that Foley was executed at a spot in the hills south of the Syrian city Raqqa.[57][1][58][59]Two weeks after Foley died, Sotloff was also decapitated.
Legacy
On August 22, 2014, Indian sand artist Sudarsan Pattnaik created a sculpture depicting the face of Foley, made of four tons of sand on the beach of Puri city in the eastern province of Odisha. The sculpture, with a message reading "Don't kill innocents!", drew a sizeable crowd on the beach.[60]
The James Foley Scholarship in the J. William and Mary Diederich College of Communication was established at Marquette University in his honor.[61][62]
See also
- Islamist beheading
- 2014 American Intervention in Syria
- Daniel Pearl
- Foreign hostages in Iraq
- Kenneth Bigley
- Nick Berg
- David Cawthorne Haines
- Steven Sotloff
References
- ^ a b Bellingcat: The Hills of Raqqa – Geolocating the James Foley Video
- ^ Alyssa Newcomb (August 20, 2014). "Another American hostage threatened with death". CBS News. World News. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
- ^ Arkin, Daniel (August 19, 2014). "James Wright Foley, Kidnapped Journalist, Apparently Executed by ISIS". NBC News. Retrieved 19 August 2014.
- ^ Marquard, Bryan; Sampson, Zachary T. (August 21, 2014). "James Foley, exemplar of bravery to many, dies at 40". Boston Globe. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
- ^ Hoai-Tran Bui (August 20, 2014). "Foley set out to record 'most dangerous things'". USA Today. Retrieved August 21, 2014.
- ^ Levitz, Jennifer (August 20, 2014). "In Fear and Violence, Slain U.S. Journalist Found Humanity". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
- ^ Reston, Maeve (August 20, 2014). "Slain journalist James Foley's hometown in New Hampshire grieves". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
- ^ a b Johnson, Annysa; Barton, Gina (August 20, 2014). "Islamic militants execute journalist, MU grad James Foley". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
- ^ Lederman, Diane (20 August 2014). "James Foley, journalist reportedly slain by ISIS, is UMass-Amherst graduate". The Republican. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
- ^ a b "Video shows ISIS beheading U.S. journalist James Foley". CNN. August 20, 2014. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
- ^ a b "Profile: James Foley, US journalist beheaded by Islamic State". BBC News. August 20, 2014. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
- ^ a b Devoss, David (September 1, 2014). "James Foley, 1973-2014". The Weekly Standard. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
- ^ "Stars and Stripes reporter resigns after admitting to drug possession in Afghanistan". Stars and Stripes. 3 March 2013.
- ^ Anderson, Wayne (August 20, 2014). "Remembering James Foley". The Anderson Report. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
- ^ a b "Before Killing James Foley, ISIS Demanded Ransom From U.S." The New York Times. 20 August 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
- ^ Harris, Elizabeth A. (April 7, 2011). "Four Foreign Journalists Held in Libya". New York Times. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
- ^ a b Begley, Patrick (August 20, 2014). "James Foley describes his capture in Libya". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
- ^ Sater, Terry (August 19, 2014). "Kidnapped journalist James Foley reportedly killed". WISN-TV. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
- ^ James Foley (May 27, 2011). "Global Post journalist James Foley talks about being captured in Libya". Boston Globe. Retrieved August 24, 2014.
- ^ "Faith, prayer sources of strength for slain U.S. journalist, his family". Catholic News Service. August 20, 2014. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
- ^ Foley, James. "Phone call home". Marquette Magazine. Marquette University. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
- ^ "Foley beheading video followed prior threat". GlobalPost. August 19, 2014. Retrieved August 21, 2014.
- ^ "Foley beheading video shocks the world, Obama says". BBC News. August 20, 2014. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
- ^ "American journalist likely being held by Syrian government". Shalon. May 3, 2013.
{{cite web}}
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(help) - ^ "FBI profile: James Wright Foley". FBI. Archived from the original on 2014-07-19. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
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suggested) (help) - ^ Nickisch, Curt (May 3, 2013). "N.H. Family: Missing Journalist James Foley In Syrian Prison". Boston: WBUR-FM. NPR. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
- ^ Kelley, Michael B. (August 20, 2014). "One Big Question Surrounds The Murder Of US Journalist James Foley By ISIS". Business Insider. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
- ^ Cassandra Vinograd and Erin McClam (August 21, 2014). "ISIS Demanded $132 Million for Release of Journalist James Foley". NBC News. Retrieved August 21, 2014.
- ^ a b "Report: ISIS Demanded $132 Million Ransom For James Foley's Release". CBS. Washington D.C. AP. August 21, 2014. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
- ^ "GlobalPost CEO Shares Details Of Fight To Save James Foley". National Public Radio. Retrieved August 21, 2014.
- ^ Sampson, Zachary T. (August 20, 2014). "Militants sent e-mails to James Foley's family, GlobalPost CEO says". Boston Globe. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
- ^ a b Julia Pace (August 20, 2014). "Officials: US rescue mission in Syria failed". Yahoo! News. AP. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
- ^ Ackerman, Spencer (August 21, 2014). "US reveals failed special forces rescue mission within Syria". The Guardian. Retrieved August 23, 2014.
- ^ Oliver Holmes and Jason Szep (August 23, 2014). "U.S. hostage rescuers dropped from night sky, Syria activist says". Yahoo! News. Reuters. Retrieved August 23, 2014.
- ^ "Pentagon admits failure of operation to free Americans held by jihadists". Big News Network.com. 21 August 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
{{cite news}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ "Jihadists sent chilling email to Foley family before execution". Big News Network.com. 22 August 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
{{cite news}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ "IS jihadists demanded ransom to free Foley". Middle East News.Net. 21 August 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
{{cite news}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ A copy of the YouTube video posted to LiveLeak was deleted by that site out of concerns of promoting ISIS: James Cook (2014-08-22). "ISIS banned from controversial video site LiveLeak after James Foley execution video". A copy of the video posted August 19 has remained available at the shock site BestGore.com. The video has also been available via Bittorrent clients and tracked by sites such as The Pirate Bay. The legality of viewing or sharing this document in Britain has been questioned by The Guardian (article).
- ^ Foley execution footage 'may have been staged', au.news.yahoo.com.
- ^ Vice: ISIS Has a Really Slick and Sophisticated Media Department
- ^ Rukmini Callimachi (August 19, 2014). "Militant Group Says It Killed American Journalist in Syria". New York Times. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
- ^ Parts of James Foley execution video may have been acted: experts, theaustralian.com.au.
- ^ Released video shows beheading of Jewish journalist Steven Sotloff, writer for ‘The Jerusalem Report.'
- ^ "IS jihadi group beheads US journalist Steven Sotloff". Big News Network.com. 2 September 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
{{cite news}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ Nick Allen and Philip Sherwell (August 20, 2014). "Hunt for 'British' Islamic State killer of US journalist James Foley". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
- ^ "Rise of "Jihadi John"". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
- ^ Christoph Günther (August 20, 2014). "Der 'Islamische Staat' agiert hochgradig rational". Deutsche Welle.
- ^ "New ISIS Media Company Addresses English, German And French-Speaking Westerners". The MEMRI Jihad and Terrorism Threat Monitor by The Middle East Media Research Institute. June 23, 2014.
- ^ Rik Steves (August 19, 2014). "American killed in Syria a journalist at heart". Yahoo! News. AP. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
- ^ Lerman, David (August 19, 2014). "Islamic Extremist Video Shows Beheading of U.S. Reporter". Bloomberg News. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
- ^ "Video of U.S. journalists is authentic: NSC". Yahoo! News. Reuters. August 20, 2014. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
- ^ Deborah Haynes (August 25, 2014). "Foley video with Briton was staged, experts say". The Times. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
- ^ "Pope Francis Calls Slain Journalist James Foley's Family". NBC News. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
- ^ Katie Couric and Liz Goodwin (August 22, 2014). "James Foley's brother: The US could have done more for Jim". Yahoo! News. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
- ^ By S.A. Miller. "Justice Department investigating terrorist killing of James Foley". Washington Times. Retrieved 2014-08-24.
- ^ Lincolnshire Echo (2014-08-22). "James Foley's body must be returned to his family, says freed Lincoln Iraq hostage Peter Moore". Lincolnshire Echo.
- ^ France 24 : Exécution de James Foley: la traque de "Jihadi John" est lancée
- ^ CNN: Is this where James Foley was killed?
- ^ "Former ISIS hostage identifies Foley executioner". HearsayCentral. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
- ^ Indian artist sculpts sand art decrying killing of US journalist – Video Dailymotion
- ^ "James Foley scholarship, Marquette University" Retrieved August 23, 2014.
- ^ "Foley's parents say his Marquette experience sparked his life's mission". Jsonline.com. Retrieved 2014-08-24.
External links
- Articles written by James Foley at GlobalPost
- Free James Foley, family website (August 13, 2014, snapshot at Wayback Machine)