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While the moderate wing of the Catholic Church has espoused toleration, conservative voices, associated with the conservative wing of the Church, expressed in ''Fronda.pl'' and ''Polonia Christiana'' (PCh24.pl) have been significant in their contribution to the stereotyping of refugees and Muslims.<ref name="Pedziwiatr"/> |
While the moderate wing of the Catholic Church has espoused toleration, conservative voices, associated with the conservative wing of the Church, expressed in ''Fronda.pl'' and ''Polonia Christiana'' (PCh24.pl) have been significant in their contribution to the stereotyping of refugees and Muslims.<ref name="Pedziwiatr"/> |
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== Events == |
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In May, 2016, shortly before the [[World Youth Day 2016]], police in [[Kraków]] asked foreigners, mainly among the Muslim community, in the city if they “knew any terrorists"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wiadomosci.wp.pl/kat,1019401,title,Czy-zna-pan-jakiegos-terroryste-w-Krakowie,wid,18340554,wiadomosc.html|title=Wiadomości z kraju i ze świata – wszystko co ważne – WP|first=Wirtualna Polska Media|last=S.A.|date=|website=wiadomosci.wp.pl|access-date=2016-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160523122020/http://wiadomosci.wp.pl/kat,1019401,title,Czy-zna-pan-jakiegos-terroryste-w-Krakowie,wid,18340554,wiadomosc.html|archive-date=2016-05-23|dead-url=yes|df=}}</ref> The [[Polish Ombudsman]]'s office released statement that such actions are offensive and unacceptable. In July 2016, liberal politician Paweł Banasiak, member of party ''[[Liberty (Poland)|Wolność]]'' and the leader of its Warsaw's chapter, submitted a document to the criminal justice bodies to ban Islam and Quran in the country because "neither is about religion, but a political ideology of hate and genocide against infidels". In October of that year, his request was denied, however, after the "positive and supportive" intervention of the [[Ministry of Justice (Poland)|Ministry of Justice]], the case was to be reopened and reassessed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rp.pl/Kraj/305099893-Partia-Wolnosc-chce-zakazac-Koranu.html#ap-2|title=Kto chce zakazać Koranu w Polsce|author=|date=|website=rp.pl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://fakty.interia.pl/polska/news-rzeczpospolita-polityk-chce-delegalizacji-islamu-w-polsce,nId,2391825|title="Rzeczpospolita": Polityk chce delegalizacji islamu w Polsce|first=|last=INTERIA.PL|date=|website=interia.pl|access-date=2017-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513044710/http://fakty.interia.pl/polska/news-rzeczpospolita-polityk-chce-delegalizacji-islamu-w-polsce,nId,2391825|archive-date=2017-05-13|dead-url=no|df=}}</ref> Banasiak's actions, as well as the Ministry of Justice's "supportive decision", were both concerning to the Polish Tatars, as well as [[Rafał Pankowski]], a sociologist at Warsaw’s Collegium Civitas university and an expert on Polish liberty and culture,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.vice.com/story/poland-populist-government-far-right-extremism|title=Poland’s populist government let far-right extremism explode into the mainstream|author=|date=|website=vice.com|access-date=2017-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509135817/https://news.vice.com/story/poland-populist-government-far-right-extremism|archive-date=2017-05-09|dead-url=no|df=}}</ref> whilst Pankowski pointed out that recently the First Deputy Minister of Justice [[Patryk Jaki]] stated that "stopping [[islamization]] is his [[Battle of Westerplatte|Westerplatte]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rp.pl/Kraj/305099893-Partia-Wolnosc-chce-zakazac-Koranu.html#ap-2|title=Kto chce zakazać Koranu w Polsce|author=|date=|website=rp.pl}}</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
Revision as of 15:11, 4 August 2019
Islamophobia in Poland is the fear, hatred of, or prejudice against the Islamic religion or Muslims in Poland. According to a 2015 estimate, Muslims in Poland are estimated to number between 25,000 to 40,000 people or some 0.1% of the population, and are composed of Lipka Tatars (dating back to the 14th century) as well as recent migrants.[1] Initially the small Muslim community was treated equally unlike other minorities, Jews in particular, that have faced hostility and suspicion. During communist rule the censorship office barred unfavorable portrayals of Muslims due to Poland's geopolitical alignment with Arab countries during this period.[2] However, as of 2018 Poland exhibits one of the highest rates of Islamophobia in Europe.[2] The phenomena of "Islamophobia without Muslims" in Poland has been contrasted to the phenomena of "anti-Semitism without Jews".[1]
Following the European migrant crisis, Islamophobia has been on the rise in Poland according to Dr. Konrad Pedziwiatr.[3] In 2016, the wSieci magazine ran a cover with a white women assaulted by dark males under the title "The Islamic rape of Europe" which evoked outrage,[4] and has been compared to WWII propaganda with the same imagery.[1][5]
Polls
Whereas the normal age distribution of prejudice is tilted towards older people, the opposite is true in Poland: A 2015 opinion poll showed 59 percent of 18 to 24 years associated Islam with dangers contrasted with 37 percent of those older than 65.[1] According to a 2016 poll, Poles significantly overestimate the size of the small Muslim community, believing that there are 2.6 million Muslims in Poland and that the Muslim population is expected to increase to 5 million (13 percent of the population) by 2020.[2]
In a 2018 poll of Catholic seminary students, 75 percent said they had no contact with Muslims. On a negative/positive scale of +50 to -50, students placed Catholicism at 44, Orthodox Christianity at 23, Islam at -8.4, and Jehovah's Witnesses at -10.2. 80 percent responded that Islam encourages violence, a notion that extends to individual Muslims which 80 percent viewed as more aggressive than non-Muslims. Almost 80 percent of future priests indicated that Muslims mistreat Women. Some 44 percent supported (partially or fully) the banning of Islam in Poland.[2]
Attitude of Catholic Church
Polish nationalism and Catholicism are intertwined as part of a process of in which the Polish nation is sacralized. Despite modernization, Poland remains a religious country, with 43% of Polish adults regularly attending church. While Pope Francis has called for Catholic communities to aid refugees, this call has not been well received in Poland. Some Polish bishops have questioned the papal call, and some younger priests have taken an active role in anti-Muslim and anti-refugee protests. This has contributed to Islamophobia moving from the fringes to mainstream discourse in Poland.[2]
While the moderate wing of the Catholic Church has espoused toleration, conservative voices, associated with the conservative wing of the Church, expressed in Fronda.pl and Polonia Christiana (PCh24.pl) have been significant in their contribution to the stereotyping of refugees and Muslims.[2]
Events
In May, 2016, shortly before the World Youth Day 2016, police in Kraków asked foreigners, mainly among the Muslim community, in the city if they “knew any terrorists"[6] The Polish Ombudsman's office released statement that such actions are offensive and unacceptable. In July 2016, liberal politician Paweł Banasiak, member of party Wolność and the leader of its Warsaw's chapter, submitted a document to the criminal justice bodies to ban Islam and Quran in the country because "neither is about religion, but a political ideology of hate and genocide against infidels". In October of that year, his request was denied, however, after the "positive and supportive" intervention of the Ministry of Justice, the case was to be reopened and reassessed.[7][8] Banasiak's actions, as well as the Ministry of Justice's "supportive decision", were both concerning to the Polish Tatars, as well as Rafał Pankowski, a sociologist at Warsaw’s Collegium Civitas university and an expert on Polish liberty and culture,[9] whilst Pankowski pointed out that recently the First Deputy Minister of Justice Patryk Jaki stated that "stopping islamization is his Westerplatte".[10]
References
- ^ a b c d Goździak, Elżbieta M., and Péter Márton. "Where the wild things are: Fear of Islam and the anti-refugee rhetoric in Hungary and in Poland." Central and Eastern European Migration Review 17.2 (2018): 125-151.
- ^ a b c d e f Pędziwiatr, Konrad. "The Catholic Church in Poland on Muslims and Islam." Patterns of Prejudice 52.5 (2018): 461-478.
- ^ How big an issue is Islamophobia in Poland?, Shafik Mandhai, Al Jazeera, 14 November 2017
- ^ Polish magazine's 'Islamic rape of Europe' cover sparks outrage, The Guardian, 16 February 2016
- ^ The so-called 'Islamic rape of Europe' is part of a long and racist history, Washington Post, 16 February 2016
- ^ S.A., Wirtualna Polska Media. "Wiadomości z kraju i ze świata – wszystko co ważne – WP". wiadomosci.wp.pl. Archived from the original on 2016-05-23. Retrieved 2016-05-23.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ "Kto chce zakazać Koranu w Polsce". rp.pl.
- ^ INTERIA.PL. ""Rzeczpospolita": Polityk chce delegalizacji islamu w Polsce". interia.pl. Archived from the original on 2017-05-13. Retrieved 2017-05-27.
{{cite web}}
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Poland's populist government let far-right extremism explode into the mainstream". vice.com. Archived from the original on 2017-05-09. Retrieved 2017-05-27.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Kto chce zakazać Koranu w Polsce". rp.pl.