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{{Short description|Hausa musicians}} |
{{Short description|Hausa musicians}} |
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'''Internal enemy''' refers to individuals or groups within one country who are perceived as a threat to that country. The distinction between internal and external enemies is discussed in [[Plato]]'s ''[[Republic (Plato)|Republic]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Söderbäck |first1=Fanny |title=Feminist Readings of Antigone |date=2010 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-1-4384-3279-3 |page=57 |language=en}}</ref> Groups considered internal enemies by the countries in which they reside include [[Kurds in Turkey]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Özpek |first1=Burak Bilgehan |title=The State's Changing Role Regarding the Kurdish Question of Turkey: From Consistent Tutelage to Volatile Securitization |journal=Alternatives: Global, Local, Political |date=2019 |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=35–49 |doi=10.1177/0304375419854599|s2cid=198658065 |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[Palestinians in Israel]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=FORD † |first1=PHILIP |editor-first1=Peter |editor-first2=Phil |editor-last1=i. Barta |editor-last2=Powrie |title=Bicultural Literature and Film in French and English |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-315-73570-2 |chapter-url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315735702-8/prologue-le-langage-latin-est-comme-naturel-montaigne-trials-trilingualism-philip-ford |chapter=Prologue: ‘Le langage latin m’est comme naturel’: Montaigne and the Trials of Trilingualism|doi=10.4324/9781315735702 }}</ref> Muslims in Western countries,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cesari |first1=Jocelyne |title=Why the West Fears Islam: An Exploration of Muslims in Liberal Democracies |date=2013 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US |isbn=978-1-137-12120-2 |pages=1–20 |url= |language=en |chapter=Muslims as the Internal and External Enemy}}</ref> and political dissidents under Latin American dictators.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Montealegre |first1=Jorge |last2=Robles |first2=Lena Taub |title=Internal Enemies: Facets and Representations under State Terrorism |journal=CR: The New Centennial Review |date=2013 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=189–208 |doi=10.14321/crnewcentrevi.13.1.0189 |jstor=10.14321/crnewcentrevi.13.1.0189 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.14321/crnewcentrevi.13.1.0189 |issn=1532-687X}}</ref> |
'''Internal enemy''' refers to individuals or groups within one country who are perceived as a threat to that country. The distinction between internal and external enemies is discussed in [[Plato]]'s ''[[Republic (Plato)|Republic]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Söderbäck |first1=Fanny |title=Feminist Readings of Antigone |date=2010 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-1-4384-3279-3 |page=57 |language=en}}</ref> Groups considered internal enemies by the countries in which they reside include [[Kurds in Turkey]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Özpek |first1=Burak Bilgehan |title=The State's Changing Role Regarding the Kurdish Question of Turkey: From Consistent Tutelage to Volatile Securitization |journal=Alternatives: Global, Local, Political |date=2019 |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=35–49 |doi=10.1177/0304375419854599|s2cid=198658065 |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[Palestinians in Israel]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=FORD † |first1=PHILIP |editor-first1=Peter |editor-first2=Phil |editor-last1=i. Barta |editor-last2=Powrie |title=Bicultural Literature and Film in French and English |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-315-73570-2 |chapter-url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315735702-8/prologue-le-langage-latin-est-comme-naturel-montaigne-trials-trilingualism-philip-ford |chapter=Prologue: ‘Le langage latin m’est comme naturel’: Montaigne and the Trials of Trilingualism|doi=10.4324/9781315735702 }}</ref> Muslims in Western countries,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cesari |first1=Jocelyne |title=Why the West Fears Islam: An Exploration of Muslims in Liberal Democracies |date=2013 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US |isbn=978-1-137-12120-2 |pages=1–20 |url= |language=en |chapter=Muslims as the Internal and External Enemy}}</ref> and political dissidents under Latin American dictators.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Montealegre |first1=Jorge |last2=Robles |first2=Lena Taub |title=Internal Enemies: Facets and Representations under State Terrorism |journal=CR: The New Centennial Review |date=2013 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=189–208 |doi=10.14321/crnewcentrevi.13.1.0189 |jstor=10.14321/crnewcentrevi.13.1.0189 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.14321/crnewcentrevi.13.1.0189 |issn=1532-687X}}</ref> |
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In 2015, the [[Venezuelan National Guard]] published a procedural manual related to public order which included protesters as [[Internal enemy|internal enemies]] of the State.<ref>{{harv|Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Venezuela|2020|p=313}}</ref><ref name=":15">{{Cite book |author=[[Bolivarian National Guard]] |url=https://es.scribd.com/document/426298577/Manual-de-Orden-Publico |title=Manual de Normas y Procedimientos Operativos del Servicio De Policía Administrativa Especial y de Investigación Penal en Apoyo a la Administración Pública en Materia de Orden Público |date=1 April 2015 |pages=69, 79 |language=es |trans-title=Manual of Operational Standards and Procedures of the Special Administrative and Criminal Investigation Police Service in Support of the Public Administration in Public Order Matters |access-date=12 January 2024}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
Revision as of 02:13, 23 January 2024
Internal enemy refers to individuals or groups within one country who are perceived as a threat to that country. The distinction between internal and external enemies is discussed in Plato's Republic.[1] Groups considered internal enemies by the countries in which they reside include Kurds in Turkey,[2] Palestinians in Israel,[3] Muslims in Western countries,[4] and political dissidents under Latin American dictators.[5]
In 2015, the Venezuelan National Guard published a procedural manual related to public order which included protesters as internal enemies of the State.[6][7]
See also
References
- ^ Söderbäck, Fanny (2010). Feminist Readings of Antigone. SUNY Press. p. 57. ISBN 978-1-4384-3279-3.
- ^ Özpek, Burak Bilgehan (2019). "The State's Changing Role Regarding the Kurdish Question of Turkey: From Consistent Tutelage to Volatile Securitization". Alternatives: Global, Local, Political. 44 (1): 35–49. doi:10.1177/0304375419854599. S2CID 198658065.
- ^ FORD †, PHILIP (2015). "Prologue: 'Le langage latin m'est comme naturel': Montaigne and the Trials of Trilingualism". In i. Barta, Peter; Powrie, Phil (eds.). Bicultural Literature and Film in French and English. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315735702. ISBN 978-1-315-73570-2.
- ^ Cesari, Jocelyne (2013). "Muslims as the Internal and External Enemy". Why the West Fears Islam: An Exploration of Muslims in Liberal Democracies. Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 1–20. ISBN 978-1-137-12120-2.
- ^ Montealegre, Jorge; Robles, Lena Taub (2013). "Internal Enemies: Facets and Representations under State Terrorism". CR: The New Centennial Review. 13 (1): 189–208. doi:10.14321/crnewcentrevi.13.1.0189. ISSN 1532-687X. JSTOR 10.14321/crnewcentrevi.13.1.0189.
- ^ (Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Venezuela 2020, p. 313)
- ^ Bolivarian National Guard (1 April 2015). Manual de Normas y Procedimientos Operativos del Servicio De Policía Administrativa Especial y de Investigación Penal en Apoyo a la Administración Pública en Materia de Orden Público [Manual of Operational Standards and Procedures of the Special Administrative and Criminal Investigation Police Service in Support of the Public Administration in Public Order Matters] (in Spanish). pp. 69, 79. Retrieved 12 January 2024.