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Stories have been dated back to the inception of the gang around 1990, but members have said that the very first generation of Indian Posse was actually formed in 1988, inside Stony Mountain Institution.<ref>[http://www.insideprison.com/prison_gang_profile_IP.asp], retrieved 1 January, 2008</ref> |
Stories have been dated back to the inception of the gang around 1990, but members have said that the very first generation of Indian Posse was actually formed in 1988, inside Stony Mountain Institution.<ref>[http://www.insideprison.com/prison_gang_profile_IP.asp], retrieved 1 January, 2008</ref> |
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The gang was founded in the summer of 1988 in Winnipeg as a teenage street gang by Wolfe brothers, Danny and Richard.{{sfn|Friesen|2016|p=23}} The Wolfe brothers were greatly influenced by American gansta rap, and much of the style of the gang owned more to gansta rappers than First Nations culture.{{sfn|Friesen|2016|p=23}} The word Indian was often used in a pejorative sense in Manitoba, and the Wolfe brothers picked the name Indian Posse as an attempt to cancel out the negative sense of the Indian, just in the same way that some Afro-Americans call themselves niggers in an attempt to turn a derogatory word into an affirmative one.{{sfn|Friesen|2016|p=24}} The symbol of the gang was and still is a red bandanna.{{sfn|Friesen|2016|p=26}} The group was only open to indigenous people and was led by a "circle" (council) of ten.{{sfn|Friesen|2016|p=26}} Within a year of its founding, the gang had hundreds of members and primarily engaged in theft.{{sfn|Friesen|2016|p=25}} Initially the gang had both male and female members, but in 1990 the rules were changed to make the gang into an all-male group, ostensibly to protect the female members from violence .{{sfn|Friesen|2016|p=29}} The cardinal rules of the Indian Posses was its members were forbidden to take "hard drugs" such as cocaine and heroin; never to speak to outsiders about the gang's activities: and that new members had to endure "minutes of pain" where they be beaten by members for at least five minutes to test their toughness while those wishing to leave had also endure the "minutes of pain", but only for longer.{{sfn|Friesen|2016|p=30-31}} Richard Wolfe started carrying a handgun to school at the age of 13, which resulted in his criminal conviction in 1990 when his gun was discovered by a teacher.{{sfn|Friesen|2016|p=31} |
The gang was founded in the summer of 1988 in Winnipeg as a teenage street gang by Wolfe brothers, Danny and Richard.{{sfn|Friesen|2016|p=23}} The Wolfe brothers were greatly influenced by American gansta rap, and much of the style of the gang owned more to gansta rappers than First Nations culture.{{sfn|Friesen|2016|p=23}} The word Indian was often used in a pejorative sense in Manitoba, and the Wolfe brothers picked the name Indian Posse as an attempt to cancel out the negative sense of the Indian, just in the same way that some Afro-Americans call themselves niggers in an attempt to turn a derogatory word into an affirmative one.{{sfn|Friesen|2016|p=24}} The symbol of the gang was and still is a red bandanna.{{sfn|Friesen|2016|p=26}} The group was only open to indigenous people and was led by a "circle" (council) of ten.{{sfn|Friesen|2016|p=26}} Within a year of its founding, the gang had hundreds of members and primarily engaged in theft.{{sfn|Friesen|2016|p=25}} Initially the gang had both male and female members, but in 1990 the rules were changed to make the gang into an all-male group, ostensibly to protect the female members from violence .{{sfn|Friesen|2016|p=29}} The cardinal rules of the Indian Posses was its members were forbidden to take "hard drugs" such as cocaine and heroin; never to speak to outsiders about the gang's activities: and that new members had to endure "minutes of pain" where they be beaten by members for at least five minutes to test their toughness while those wishing to leave had also endure the "minutes of pain", but only for longer.{{sfn|Friesen|2016|p=30-31}} Richard Wolfe started carrying a handgun to school at the age of 13, which resulted in his criminal conviction in 1990 when his gun was discovered by a teacher.{{sfn|Friesen|2016|p=31}} By the early 1990s, the Indian Posse moved into automobile theft and armed robbery..{{sfn|Friesen|2016|p=31}} By 1992, the teenage Wolfe brothers had moved into drug dealing and prostitution and had rented a house for $866 rent per month.{{sfn|Friesen|2016|p=31}} The Lord Selkirk Park Housing Development, whose inhabitants were almost entirely First Nations or ''Metis'' people had become the stronghold of the Indian Posse, whose members sold cocaine, LSD, heroin, and marijuana.{{sfn|Friesen|2016|p=32-33}} Danny Wolfe was considered to the "diplomat" who was calm and able to think in the long term while his younger brother was the "warrior" who was a hot-head who thought only in the short term.{{sfn|Friesen|2016|p=33}} |
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==Books and articles== |
==Books and articles== |
Revision as of 04:14, 16 August 2020
Indian Posse, also known as the IP, is an aboriginal street gang set in Western Canada based in Winnipeg, Manitoba. It is one of the largest street gangs in Canada.[1] [2]
Criminal Intelligence Service Canada (CISC) has designated the IP as being a member of Aboriginal Based Organized Crime (ABOC), along with Redd Alert and Alberta Warriors. CISC asserts that the Indian Posse, in addition to engaging in marijuana cultivation, auto theft, illegal firearms activities, gambling, and drug trafficking, also supports and facilitates criminal activities for the Hells Angels Outlaw motorcycle club and Asian-based networks. [3]
Stories have been dated back to the inception of the gang around 1990, but members have said that the very first generation of Indian Posse was actually formed in 1988, inside Stony Mountain Institution.[4]
The gang was founded in the summer of 1988 in Winnipeg as a teenage street gang by Wolfe brothers, Danny and Richard.[5] The Wolfe brothers were greatly influenced by American gansta rap, and much of the style of the gang owned more to gansta rappers than First Nations culture.[5] The word Indian was often used in a pejorative sense in Manitoba, and the Wolfe brothers picked the name Indian Posse as an attempt to cancel out the negative sense of the Indian, just in the same way that some Afro-Americans call themselves niggers in an attempt to turn a derogatory word into an affirmative one.[6] The symbol of the gang was and still is a red bandanna.[7] The group was only open to indigenous people and was led by a "circle" (council) of ten.[7] Within a year of its founding, the gang had hundreds of members and primarily engaged in theft.[8] Initially the gang had both male and female members, but in 1990 the rules were changed to make the gang into an all-male group, ostensibly to protect the female members from violence .[9] The cardinal rules of the Indian Posses was its members were forbidden to take "hard drugs" such as cocaine and heroin; never to speak to outsiders about the gang's activities: and that new members had to endure "minutes of pain" where they be beaten by members for at least five minutes to test their toughness while those wishing to leave had also endure the "minutes of pain", but only for longer.[10] Richard Wolfe started carrying a handgun to school at the age of 13, which resulted in his criminal conviction in 1990 when his gun was discovered by a teacher.[11] By the early 1990s, the Indian Posse moved into automobile theft and armed robbery..[11] By 1992, the teenage Wolfe brothers had moved into drug dealing and prostitution and had rented a house for $866 rent per month.[11] The Lord Selkirk Park Housing Development, whose inhabitants were almost entirely First Nations or Metis people had become the stronghold of the Indian Posse, whose members sold cocaine, LSD, heroin, and marijuana.[12] Danny Wolfe was considered to the "diplomat" who was calm and able to think in the long term while his younger brother was the "warrior" who was a hot-head who thought only in the short term.[13]
Books and articles
- Friesen, Joe (2016). The Ballad of Danny Wolfe Life of a Modern Outlaw. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart. ISBN 9780771030314.
References
- ^ "Gangsters Out to Beat The Rap". Culture. First Nations Drum. Retrieved 2007-03-26.
- ^ "Six inmates engineer mass breakout from Regina prison", Globe and Mail. August 26, 2008
- ^ CISC 2004 Annual Report on Aborginal Based Organized Crime, retrieved 15 October, 2007
- ^ [1], retrieved 1 January, 2008
- ^ a b Friesen 2016, p. 23.
- ^ Friesen 2016, p. 24.
- ^ a b Friesen 2016, p. 26.
- ^ Friesen 2016, p. 25.
- ^ Friesen 2016, p. 29.
- ^ Friesen 2016, p. 30-31.
- ^ a b c Friesen 2016, p. 31.
- ^ Friesen 2016, p. 32-33.
- ^ Friesen 2016, p. 33.