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{{about|perception|figures of speech|allusion|other uses}} |
{{about|perception|figures of speech|allusion|other uses}} |
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[[File:Montre mysterieuse-IMG 4639.jpg|thumb|The transparent dial in this "[[mystery watch]]" may create the illusion in the viewer that the hands work without any movement.]] |
[[File:Montre mysterieuse-IMG 4639.jpg|thumb|The transparent dial in this "[[mystery watch]]" may create the illusion in the viewer that the hands work without any movement.]] |
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An '''illusion''' is a distortion of the [[sense]]s, revealing how the [[human |
An '''illusion''' is a distortion of the [[sense]]s, revealing how the [[human brain]] normally organizes and interprets sensory stimulation. Though illusions distort reality, they are generally shared by most people.<ref>Solso, R. L. (2001). [[Cognitive psychology]] (6th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. {{ISBN|0-205-30937-2}}</ref> |
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Illusions may occur with any of the |
Illusions may occur with any of the human senses, but visual illusions ([[optical illusion]]s) are the best-known and understood. The emphasis on visual illusions occurs because [[visual perception|vision]] often dominates the other senses. For example, individuals watching a [[ventriloquist]] will perceive the voice is coming from the dummy since they are able to see the dummy mouth the words.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = McGurk | first1 = Hj. | last2 = MacDonald | first2 = J. | year = 1976 | title = Hearing lips and seeing voices | url = | journal = Nature | volume = 264 | issue = | pages = 746–748 | doi=10.1038/264746a0 | pmid=1012311}}</ref> |
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Some illusions are based on general assumptions the brain makes during [[perception]]. These assumptions are made using organizational principles (e.g., [[Gestalt psychology|Gestalt]] theory), an individual's capacity for [[depth perception]] and motion perception, and [[subjective constancy|perceptual constancy]]. Other illusions occur because of biological sensory structures within the [[human body]] or conditions outside the body within one’s physical environment. |
Some illusions are based on general assumptions the brain makes during [[perception]]. These assumptions are made using organizational principles (e.g., [[Gestalt psychology|Gestalt]] theory), an individual's capacity for [[depth perception]] and motion perception, and [[subjective constancy|perceptual constancy]]. Other illusions occur because of biological sensory structures within the [[human body]] or conditions outside the body within one’s physical environment. |
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The term ''illusion'' refers to a specific form of sensory distortion. Unlike a [[hallucination]], which is a distortion in the absence of a stimulus, an illusion describes a misinterpretation of a true sensation. For example, hearing voices regardless of the environment would be a hallucination, whereas hearing voices in the sound of running water (or other auditory source) would be an illusion. |
The term ''illusion'' refers to a specific form of sensory distortion. Unlike a [[hallucination]], which is a distortion in the absence of a stimulus, an illusion describes a misinterpretation of a true sensation. For example, hearing voices regardless of the environment would be a hallucination, whereas hearing voices in the sound of running water (or other auditory source) would be an illusion. |
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[[Mime artist|Mime]]s are known for a repertoire of illusions that are created by physical means. The mime artist creates an illusion of acting upon or being acted upon by an unseen object. These illusions exploit the audience's assumptions about the physical world. Well-known examples include "walls", "climbing stairs", "leaning", "descending ladders", and "pulling and pushing". |
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==Optical== |
==Optical== |
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==Temporal== |
==Temporal== |
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{{Main|Time_perception#Types_of_temporal_illusions|l1=Time perception § Types of temporal illusions}} |
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A [[Time perception#Types of temporal illusions|temporal illusion]] is a distortion in the perception of time, which occurs when the time interval between two or more events is very narrow (typically less than a second). In such cases, a person may momentarily perceive time as slowing down, stopping, speeding up, or running backwards. |
A [[Time perception#Types of temporal illusions|temporal illusion]] is a distortion in the perception of time, which occurs when the time interval between two or more events is very narrow (typically less than a second). In such cases, a person may momentarily perceive time as slowing down, stopping, speeding up, or running backwards. |
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==Other senses== |
==Other senses== |
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Illusions can occur with the other senses including those involved in food perception. |
Illusions can occur with the other senses including those involved in food perception. Both sound<ref>Zampini M & Spence C (2004) [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1745-459x.2004.080403.x/abstract "The role of auditory cues in modulating the perceived crispness and staleness of potato chips"]. ''Journal of Sensory Studies'' 19, 347-363.</ref> and touch<ref>Barnett-Cowan M (2010) [http://www.perceptionweb.com/abstract.cgi?id=p6784 "An illusion you can sink your teeth into: Haptic cues modulate the perceived freshness and crispness of pretzels"]. ''Perception'' 39, 1684-1686.</ref> have been shown to modulate the perceived staleness and crispness of food products. It was also discovered that even if some portion of the taste receptor on the tongue became damaged that illusory taste could be produced by tactile stimulation.<ref>Todrank, J & Bartoshuk, L.M., 1991</ref> Evidence of [[olfactory]] (smell) illusions occurred when positive or negative verbal labels were given prior to olfactory stimulation.<ref>Herz R. S. & Von Clef J., 2001</ref> |
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==Disorders== |
==Disorders== |
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*[[Holography]] |
*[[Holography]] |
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*[[Illusion costume]] |
*[[Illusion costume]] |
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*[[Moon illusion]] |
*[[Moon illusion]] |
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*[[Pareidolia]] |
*[[Pareidolia]] |
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*[[Simulated reality]] |
*[[Simulated reality]] |
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<!-- *[["VE" illusion]] --> |
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;Not related to senses (cognitive illusions) |
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==References== |
==References== |