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{{Short description|Regular activity that is done for enjoyment}} |
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{{Other uses}} |
{{Other uses}} |
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{{Redirect|Pastime|the film|Pastime (film)|the novel|Pastime (novel)}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}} [[File:Seashells North Wales 1985.jpg|thumb|Hobby: |
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}} [[File:Seashells North Wales 1985.jpg|thumb|Hobby: collecting seashells]] |
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[[File:George Cruikshank - Tristram Shandy, Plate V. My Uncle Toby on his Hobby-horse.jpg|right|thumb|In [[Tristram Shandy]], the term "hobby-horse" was used to refer to whimsical obsessions, which led to the current use of the word "hobby" ]] |
[[File:George Cruikshank - Tristram Shandy, Plate V. My Uncle Toby on his Hobby-horse.jpg|right|thumb|In [[Tristram Shandy]], the term "hobby-horse" was used to refer to whimsical obsessions, which led to the current use of the word "hobby" ]] |
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A '''hobby''' is considered to be a regular activity that is done for enjoyment, typically during one's [[leisure time]], not professionally |
A '''hobby''' is considered to be a regular activity that is done for enjoyment, typically during one's [[leisure time]], not professionally or for pay. Hobbies include [[collecting]] themed items and objects, engaging in creative and artistic pursuits, playing sports, or pursuing other amusements. Participation in hobbies encourages acquiring substantial skills and knowledge in that area. A [[list of hobbies]] changes with renewed interests and developing fashions, making it diverse and lengthy. Hobbies tend to follow trends in society, for example [[stamp collecting]] was popular during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries as postal systems were the main means of communication, while [[video games]] are more popular nowadays following technological advances. The advancing production and technology of the nineteenth century provided workers with more leisure time to engage in hobbies. Because of this, the efforts of people investing in hobbies has increased with time. |
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Hobbyists may be identified under three sub-categories: ''casual leisure'' which is intrinsically rewarding, short-lived, pleasurable activity requiring little or no preparation, ''serious leisure'' which is the systematic pursuit of an amateur, hobbyist, or volunteer that is substantial, rewarding and results in a sense of accomplishment, and finally ''project-based leisure'' which is a short-term often |
Hobbyists may be identified under three sub-categories: ''casual leisure'' which is intrinsically rewarding, short-lived, pleasurable activity requiring little or no preparation, ''serious leisure'' which is the systematic pursuit of an amateur, hobbyist, or volunteer that is substantial, rewarding and results in a sense of accomplishment, and finally ''project-based leisure'' which is a short-term, often one-off, project that is rewarding.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Serious Leisure: A Perspective for Our Time|last=Stebbins|first=Robert|publisher=Transaction Publishers|year=2015|location=New Brunswick}}</ref> |
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== Etymology == |
== Etymology == |
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[[File:Wikipedian at otium.jpg|thumb|Writing and editing articles for [[Wikipedia]] is a hobby for some people.|243x243px]] |
[[File:Wikipedian at otium.jpg|thumb|Writing and editing articles for [[Wikipedia]] is a hobby for some people.|243x243px]] |
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In the 16th century, the term "hobyn" had the meaning of "small horse and pony". The term "[[Hobby horse (toy)|hobby horse]]" was documented in a 1557 payment confirmation for a "Hobbyhorse" from Reading, England.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hobby-horse|url=http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/hobby-horse.html|work=The Phrase Finder|publisher=Gary Martin|access-date=5 May 2012|author=The Phrase Finder|year=1996–2012}}</ref> The item, originally called a "Tourney Horse", was made of a wooden or basketwork frame with an artificial tail and head. It was designed for a child to mimic riding a real [[Horses in the Middle Ages#Hobbies|horse]]. By 1816 the [[wikt:derivative|derivative]], "hobby", was introduced into the [[vocabulary]] of a number of English people.<ref>{{cite web|title=hobby|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=hobby|work=Online Etymology Dictionary|publisher=Douglas Harper|access-date=5 May 2012|author=Douglas Harper|author-link=Douglas Harper|year=2001–2012}}</ref> Over the course of subsequent centuries, the term came to be associated with [[recreation]] and [[leisure]]. In the 17th century, the term was used in a [[pejorative]] sense by suggesting that a hobby was a childish pursuit, however, in the 18th century with more industrial society and more leisure time, hobbies took on greater respectability.<ref>Gelber S M. '’Hobbies: leisure and the Culture of Work in America’’ Columbia University Press, 1999, p. 11.</ref> A hobby is also called a '''pastime''', derived from the use of hobbies to pass the time. A hobby became an activity that is practised regularly and usually with some worthwhile purpose.<ref name="Gelber S M 1999, p. 12">Gelber S M. ‘’Hobbies: leisure and the Culture of Work in America’’ Columbia University Press, 1999, p. 12.</ref> Hobbies are usually, but not always, practised primarily for interest and enjoyment, rather than financial reward. |
In the 16th century, the term "hobyn" had the meaning of "small horse and pony". The term "[[Hobby horse (toy)|hobby horse]]" was documented in a 1557 payment confirmation for a "Hobbyhorse" from Reading, England.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hobby-horse|url=http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/hobby-horse.html|work=The Phrase Finder|publisher=Gary Martin|access-date=5 May 2012|author=The Phrase Finder|year=1996–2012}}</ref> The item, originally called a "Tourney Horse", was made of a wooden or basketwork frame with an artificial tail and head. It was designed for a child to mimic riding a real [[Horses in the Middle Ages#Hobbies|horse]]. By 1816 the [[wikt:derivative|derivative]], "hobby", was introduced into the [[vocabulary]] of a number of English people.<ref>{{cite web|title=hobby|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=hobby|work=Online Etymology Dictionary|publisher=Douglas Harper|access-date=5 May 2012|author=Douglas Harper|author-link=Douglas Harper|year=2001–2012}}</ref> Over the course of subsequent centuries, the term came to be associated with [[recreation]] and [[leisure]]. In the 17th century, the term was used in a [[pejorative]] sense by suggesting that a hobby was a childish pursuit, however, in the 18th century with more industrial society and more leisure time, hobbies took on greater respectability.<ref>Gelber S M. '’Hobbies: leisure and the Culture of Work in America’’ Columbia University Press, 1999, p. 11.</ref> A hobby is also called a '''pastime''', derived from the use of hobbies to pass the time. A hobby became an activity that is practised regularly and usually with some worthwhile purpose.<ref name="Gelber S M 1999, p. 12">Gelber S M. ‘’Hobbies: leisure and the Culture of Work in America’’ Columbia University Press, 1999, p. 12.</ref> Hobbies are usually, but not always, practised primarily for interest and enjoyment, rather than financial reward. |
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==History== |
== History == |
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Hobbies were originally described as pursuits that others thought somewhat childish or trivial. However, as early as 1676 Sir Matthew Hale, in ''Contemplations Moral and Divine'', wrote "Almost every person hath some hobby horse or other wherein he prides himself."<ref name="Hale1676">{{cite book|author=Sir Matthew Hale|title=Contemplations moral and divine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cL1AAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP5|year=1676|publisher=Printed by William Godbid, for William Shrowbury at the Bible in Duke-Lane, and John Leigh at the Blew Bell Fleet Street near Chancery-lane|pages=201}}</ref> He was acknowledging that a "hobby horse" produces a legitimate sense of pride. By the mid 18th century there was a flourishing of hobbies as working people had more regular hours of work and greater leisure time. They spent more time to pursue interests that brought them satisfaction.<ref>Gelber S M. '’Hobbies: leisure and the Culture of Work in America’’ Columbia University Press, 1999, p. 3.</ref> However, there was concern that these working people might not use their leisure time in worthwhile pursuits. "The hope of weaning people away from bad habits by the provision of counter-attractions came to the fore in the 1830s, and has rarely waned since. Initially the bad habits were perceived to be of a sensual and physical nature, and the counter attractions, or perhaps more accurately alternatives, deliberately cultivated rationality and the intellect."<ref>Thomson F M L. ‘’The Cambridge Social History of Britain, 1750–1950 Vol 2’’. Cambridge University Press, 1990, p. 327</ref> The flourishing book and magazine trade of the day encouraged worthwhile hobbies and pursuits. The burgeoning manufacturing trade made materials used in hobbies cheap and was responsive to the changing interests of hobbyists. |
Hobbies were originally described as pursuits that others thought somewhat childish or trivial. However, as early as 1676 Sir Matthew Hale, in ''Contemplations Moral and Divine'', wrote "Almost every person hath some hobby horse or other wherein he prides himself."<ref name="Hale1676">{{cite book|author=Sir Matthew Hale|title=Contemplations moral and divine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cL1AAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP5|year=1676|publisher=Printed by William Godbid, for William Shrowbury at the Bible in Duke-Lane, and John Leigh at the Blew Bell Fleet Street near Chancery-lane|pages=201}}</ref> He was acknowledging that a "hobby horse" produces a legitimate sense of pride. By the mid 18th century there was a flourishing of hobbies as working people had more regular hours of work and greater leisure time. They spent more time to pursue interests that brought them satisfaction.<ref>Gelber S M. '’Hobbies: leisure and the Culture of Work in America’’ Columbia University Press, 1999, p. 3.</ref> However, there was concern that these working people might not use their leisure time in worthwhile pursuits. "The hope of weaning people away from bad habits by the provision of counter-attractions came to the fore in the 1830s, and has rarely waned since. Initially the bad habits were perceived to be of a sensual and physical nature, and the counter attractions, or perhaps more accurately alternatives, deliberately cultivated rationality and the intellect."<ref>Thomson F M L. ‘’The Cambridge Social History of Britain, 1750–1950 Vol 2’’. Cambridge University Press, 1990, p. 327</ref> The flourishing book and magazine trade of the day encouraged worthwhile hobbies and pursuits. The burgeoning manufacturing trade made materials used in hobbies cheap and was responsive to the changing interests of hobbyists. |
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== Types of hobbies== |
== Types of hobbies== |
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{{Mainlist|List of hobbies |
{{Mainlist|List of hobbies}} Hobbies are a diverse set of activities and it is difficult to categorize them in a logical manner. The following categorization of hobbies was developed by Stebbins.<ref name=":1" /> {{Collecting Hobby}} |
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=== Collecting === |
=== Collecting === |
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{{Additional citation needed|date=March 2019}} |
{{Additional citation needed|date=March 2019}} |
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{{Main article|Collecting}} |
{{Main article|Collecting}} |
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Collecting includes seeking, locating, acquiring, organizing, cataloging, displaying and storing.<ref>Gelber S M. '’Hobbies: leisure and the Culture of Work in America’’ Columbia University Press, 1999, p. 11.</ref> Collecting is appealing to many people due to their interest in a particular subject and a desire to categorise and make order out of complexity. Some collectors are generalists, accumulating items from countries of the world. Others focus on a subtopic within their area of interest, perhaps 19th century postage stamps, [[milk bottle]] labels from Sussex, or Mongolian harnesses and tack, Firearms (both modern and vintage). |
Collecting includes seeking, locating, acquiring, organizing, cataloging, displaying and storing.<ref>Gelber S M. '’Hobbies: leisure and the Culture of Work in America’’ Columbia University Press, 1999, p. 11.</ref> Collecting is appealing to many people due to their interest in a particular subject and a desire to categorise and make order out of complexity. Some collectors are generalists, accumulating items from countries of the world. Others focus on a subtopic within their area of interest, perhaps 19th century postage stamps, [[milk bottle]] labels from Sussex, or Mongolian harnesses and tack, Firearms (both modern and vintage). |
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[[File:Stamp album sleeve.jpg|right|thumb|alt=text|A [[stamp album]] used in [[stamp collecting]].]] |
[[File:Stamp album sleeve.jpg|right|thumb|alt=text|A [[stamp album]] used in [[stamp collecting]].]] |
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=== Making and tinkering === |
=== Making and tinkering === |
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{{refimprove section|date=March 2021}} |
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''Making'' and ''tinkering'' includes working on self-motivated projects for fulfillment. These projects may be progressive, irregular tasks performed over a long period of time.<ref name=":1" /> Making and Tinkering hobbies include higher-end projects, such as building or restoring a car or building a computer from individual parts, like CPUs and SSDs. For computer savvy do-it-yourself hobbyists, CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining may also popular. A CNC machine can be assembled and programmed to make different parts from wood or metal. |
''Making'' and ''tinkering'' includes working on self-motivated projects for fulfillment. These projects may be progressive, irregular tasks performed over a long period of time.<ref name=":1" /> Making and Tinkering hobbies include higher-end projects, such as building or restoring a car or building a computer from individual parts, like CPUs and SSDs. For computer savvy do-it-yourself hobbyists, CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining may also popular. A CNC machine can be assembled and programmed to make different parts from wood or metal. |
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Tinkering is 'dabbling' with the making process, often applied to the hobby of tinkering with car repairs, and various kinds of restoration: of furniture, [[antique car]]s, etc. It also applies to household tinkering: repairing a wall, laying a pathway, etc. Examples of Making and Tinkering hobbies include [[Scale model|Scale modeling]], [[model engineering]], [[3D printing]], [[Dressmaker|dressmaking]], and [[cooking]]. |
Tinkering is 'dabbling' with the making process, often applied to the hobby of tinkering with car repairs, and various kinds of restoration: of furniture, [[antique car]]s, etc. It also applies to household tinkering: repairing a wall, laying a pathway, etc. Examples of Making and Tinkering hobbies include [[Scale model|Scale modeling]], [[model engineering]], [[3D printing]], [[Dressmaker|dressmaking]], and [[cooking]]. |
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'''[[Scale model]]ing''' is making a replica of a real-life object in a smaller scale and dates back to prehistoric times with small clay "dolls" and other children's toys that have been found near known populated areas. |
'''[[Scale model]]ing''' is making a replica of a real-life object in a smaller scale and dates back to prehistoric times with small clay "dolls" and other children's toys that have been found near known populated areas. Some of the earliest scale models of residences were found in [[Cucuteni–Trypillia culture]] in Eastern Europe. These artifacts were dated to be around 3000-6000 BC.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of modeling. Making models from antiquity to the present day {{!}} Architekton {{!}} Kiev, Ukraine|url=https://www.architektonix.com/model-making/history-of-modeling/|access-date=2021-03-17|website=Architekton|language=en-US}}</ref> Similar models dating back to the same period were found in ancient Egypt, India, China and Mesopotamia archaeological sites.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of modeling. Making models from antiquity to the present day {{!}} Architekton {{!}} Kiev, Ukraine|url=https://www.architektonix.com/model-making/history-of-modeling/|access-date=2021-03-17|website=Architekton|language=en-US}}</ref> |
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At the turn of the Industrial Age and through the 1920s, some families could afford things such as [[Rail transport modelling|electric trains]], wind-up toys (typically boats or cars) and the increasingly valuable tin toy soldiers. Scale modeling as we know it today became popular shortly after [[World War II]]. Before 1946, children as well as adults were content in carving and shaping wooden replicas from block wood kits, often depicting enemy aircraft to help with identification in case of an invasion.{{Citation needed|reason=not common knowledge|date=October 2019}} |
At the turn of the Industrial Age and through the 1920s, some families could afford things such as [[Rail transport modelling|electric trains]], wind-up toys (typically boats or cars) and the increasingly valuable tin toy soldiers. Scale modeling as we know it today became popular shortly after [[World War II]]. Before 1946, children as well as adults were content in carving and shaping wooden replicas from block wood kits, often depicting enemy aircraft to help with identification in case of an invasion.{{Citation needed|reason=not common knowledge|date=October 2019}} |
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=== Activity participation === |
=== Activity participation === |
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{{One source|date=October 2019}} |
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Activity participation includes partaking in "non-competitive, rule-based pursuits."<ref name=":1" /> |
Activity participation includes partaking in "non-competitive, rule-based pursuits."<ref name=":1" /> |
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=== Liberal arts pursuits === |
=== Liberal arts pursuits === |
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{{Main article|Liberal arts education}} |
{{Main article|Liberal arts education}} |
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{{Main article|The arts}} |
{{Main article|The arts}} |
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[[File:Magicianatparty.jpg|thumb|An amateur magician performing |
[[File:Magicianatparty.jpg|thumb|An amateur magician performing]] |
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Many hobbies involve performances by the hobbyist, such as singing, acting, [[juggling]], [[magic (illusion)|magic]], dancing, playing a [[musical instrument]], [[martial arts]], and other [[performing arts]]. |
Many hobbies involve performances by the hobbyist, such as singing, acting, [[juggling]], [[magic (illusion)|magic]], dancing, playing a [[musical instrument]], [[martial arts]], and other [[performing arts]]. |
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[[Reading (process)|Reading]], books, [[ebook]]s, magazines, comics, or newspapers, along with browsing the internet is a common hobby, and one that can trace its origins back hundreds of years. A love of literature, later in life, may be sparked by an interest in reading children's literature as a child. Many of these fall under the category [[literary arts]]. |
[[Reading (process)|Reading]], books, [[ebook]]s, magazines, comics, or newspapers, along with browsing the internet is a common hobby, and one that can trace its origins back hundreds of years. A love of literature, later in life, may be sparked by an interest in reading children's literature as a child. Many of these fall under the category [[literary arts]]. |
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===Sports and games=== |
=== Sports and games === |
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{{Main article|Sport}}{{Main article|Game}} |
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⚫ | Stebbins<ref name=":1" /> distinguishes an amateur sports person and a hobbyist by suggesting a hobbyist plays in less formal sports, or games that are rule bound and have no professional equivalent. While an amateur sports individual plays a sport with a professional equivalent, such as football or tennis. Amateur sport may range from informal play to highly competitive practice, such as [[deck tennis]] or long distance trekking. |
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The Department for Culture, Media, and Support in England suggests that playing sports benefits physical and mental health. A positive relationship appeared between engaging in sports and improving overall health.<ref>{{cite web|title=Analysis of health and educational benefits of sport and culture|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/analysis-of-health-and-educational-benefits-of-sport-and-culture|website=gov.uk|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> |
The Department for Culture, Media, and Support in England suggests that playing sports benefits physical and mental health. A positive relationship appeared between engaging in sports and improving overall health.<ref>{{cite web|title=Analysis of health and educational benefits of sport and culture|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/analysis-of-health-and-educational-benefits-of-sport-and-culture|website=gov.uk|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> |
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== Significant achievements == |
== Significant achievements == |
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There have been many instances where hobbyists and amateurs have achieved significant discoveries and developments. These are a small sample. |
There have been many instances where hobbyists and amateurs have achieved significant discoveries and developments. These are a small sample. |
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* Amateur astronomers have explored the skies for centuries and there is a long list of [[Amateur astronomy#Notable amateur astronomers|Notable amateur astronomers]] who have made major discoveries. |
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* Amateur astronomers have explored the skies for centuries and there is a long list of [[Amateur astronomy#Notable amateur astronomers|Notable amateur astronomers]] who have made major discoveries. Amateur astronomers Alan Hale and Thomas Bopp discovered the Comet Hale–Bopp.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Laboratory|first=Charli Schuler : Jet Propulsion|title=NASA - Spotlight: It's Amateur Night in Space|url=https://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/watchtheskies/neo.html#:~:text=Amateur%20astronomers%20have%20been%20very,Alan%20Hale%20and%20Thomas%20Bopp.|access-date=2021-03-17|website=www.nasa.gov|language=en}}</ref> |
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* A substantial amount of early scientific research came from the amateur activities of the wealthy, such as [[Antoine Lavoisier]]'s contributions to the science of [[chemistry]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/antoine-laurent-lavoisier|title=Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier |publisher=Science History Institute |access-date=20 March 2018}}</ref> At that time there were few professional scientists and little formal study in the area. Another example is the [[Franklin's electrostatic machine|experimentation in electricity]] that [[Benjamin Franklin]] undertook that resulted in his invention of the [[lightning rod]].{{sfn|Turner|2014|p=233{{incomplete short citation|date=March 2019}}}} |
* A substantial amount of early scientific research came from the amateur activities of the wealthy, such as [[Antoine Lavoisier]]'s contributions to the science of [[chemistry]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/antoine-laurent-lavoisier|title=Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier |publisher=Science History Institute |access-date=20 March 2018}}</ref> At that time there were few professional scientists and little formal study in the area. Another example is the [[Franklin's electrostatic machine|experimentation in electricity]] that [[Benjamin Franklin]] undertook that resulted in his invention of the [[lightning rod]].{{sfn|Turner|2014|p=233{{incomplete short citation|date=March 2019}}}} |
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* [[Open-source model|Open source]] is a development model using the internet to cooperate on projects. It is most notable in the development of software and [[Open-source software#Widely used open-source software|widely used software]], which has been developed and maintained by large numbers of people, including many home-based amateurs with high level expertise. |
* [[Open-source model|Open source]] is a development model using the internet to cooperate on projects. It is most notable in the development of software and [[Open-source software#Widely used open-source software|widely used software]], which has been developed and maintained by large numbers of people, including many home-based amateurs with high level expertise. |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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*[[Avocation]] |
* [[Avocation]] |
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* [[Entertainment]] |
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*[[Community of interest]] |
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*[[ |
* [[Community of interest]] |
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*[[ |
* [[List of hobbies]] |
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*[[ |
* [[Personal life]] |
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* [[Play (activity)]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
== External links == |
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{{Commons category}} |
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{{Wikiquote-inline|hobby}} |
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{{Wiktionary-inline|hobby}} |
{{Wiktionary-inline|hobby}} |
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{{Wiktionary-inline|pastime}} |
{{Wiktionary-inline|pastime}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Hobbies| ]] |
[[Category:Hobbies| ]] |
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[[Category:Recreation]] |
[[Category:Recreation]] |
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[[Category:Personal life]] |
[[Category:Personal life]] |
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[http://WWW.PUNTORACING.COM RC Cars HOBBY] |