92.18.35.172 (talk) |
James Cantor (talk | contribs) Reverting OR from IP editor. [COI Disclosure: I am an author on some of these articles. Usually I would avoid edits regarding my own work, but BLP seems to apply here.] |
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==Etiology and etymology== |
==Etiology and etymology== |
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As with sexual preference in general, it is not known what causes someone to prefer a pubescent rather than an adult individual for sexual reasons. A number of biological [[association (statistics)|association]]s have been studied however. A team from [[Centre for Addiction and Mental Health|CAMH]] has published a series of research articles comparing biologically relevant characteristics of clinical samples of [[pedophilia|pedophiles]], hebephiles, and teleiophiles (individuals with a sexual preference for adults) |
As with sexual preference in general, it is not known what causes someone to prefer a pubescent rather than an adult individual for sexual reasons. A number of biological [[association (statistics)|association]]s have been studied however. A team from [[Centre for Addiction and Mental Health|CAMH]] has published a series of research articles comparing biologically relevant characteristics of clinical samples of [[pedophilia|pedophiles]], hebephiles, and teleiophiles (individuals with a sexual preference for adults). In such samples, hebephilic men are midway between pedophilic men and teleiophilic men on average [[Intelligence quotient|IQ]],<ref name=Cantor2004>Cantor, J. M., Blanchard, R., Christensen, B. K., Dickey, R., Klassen, P. E., Beckstead, A. L., et al. (2004). Intelligence, memory, and handedness in pedophilia. ''Neuropsychology, 18,'' 3–14.</ref> memory test scores,<ref name = Cantor2004/> and rates of school grade failures over and above the IQ differences, with pedophiles scoring the lowest on the first two measures and highest on the third.<ref>Cantor, J. M., Kuban, M. E., Blak, T., Klassen, P. E., Dickey, R., & Blanchard, R. (2006). Grade failure and special education placement in sexual offenders’ educational histories. ''Archives of Sexual Behavior, 35,'' 743–751.</ref> Hebephiles score midway between pedophiles and teleiophiles in rates of non-right-handedness,<ref>Cantor, J. M., Klassen, P. E., Dickey, R., Christensen, B. K., Kuban, M. E., Blak, T., et al. (2005). Handedness in pedophilia and hebephilia. ''Archives of Sexual Behavior, 34,'' 447–459.</ref> rates of having suffered childhood head injuries,<ref>Blanchard, R., Kuban, M. E., Klassen, P., Dickey, R., Christensen, B. K., Cantor, J. M., & Blak, T. (2003). Self-reported injuries before and after age 13 in pedophilic and non-pedophilic men referred for clinical assessment. ''Archives of Sexual Behavior, 32,'' 573–581.</ref><ref>Blanchard, R., Christensen, B. K., Strong, S. M., Cantor, J. M., Kuban, M. E., Klassen, P., Dickey, R., & Blak, T. (2002). Retrospective self-reports of childhood accidents causing unconsciousness in phallometrically diagnosed pedophiles. ''Archives of Sexual Behavior, 31,'' 511–526.</ref> and physical height.<ref>Cantor, J. M., Kuban, M. E., Blak, T., Klassen, P. E., Dickey, R., & Blanchard, R. (2007). Physical height in pedophilia and hebephilia. ''Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 19,'' 395–407.</ref> |
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The name is based on the Greek goddess of youth [[Hebe (mythology)|Hebe]], a daughter of [[Zeus]] and [[Hera]]. She is also known as Ganymeda, or in Roman: Juventas. Words such as [[juvenile (disambiguation)|juvenile]] are based on that form. The suffix [[-phil-]] based on [[Philia]] is also Greek, meaning love. |
The name is based on the Greek goddess of youth [[Hebe (mythology)|Hebe]], a daughter of [[Zeus]] and [[Hera]]. She is also known as Ganymeda, or in Roman: Juventas. Words such as [[juvenile (disambiguation)|juvenile]] are based on that form. The suffix [[-phil-]] based on [[Philia]] is also Greek, meaning love. |
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The proposed DSM-5 replacement for the pedophilia diagnosis, called [[pedohebophilic disorder]], largely reflected the proposal of Blanchard and his colleagues.<ref name=dsm5>http://www.dsm5.org/ProposedRevisions/Pages/proposedrevision.aspx?rid=186</ref> The naming of the new disorder also reflects the more general distinction proposed between [[paraphilia]] and [[paraphilic disorder]] in DSM-5. |
The proposed DSM-5 replacement for the pedophilia diagnosis, called [[pedohebophilic disorder]], largely reflected the proposal of Blanchard and his colleagues.<ref name=dsm5>http://www.dsm5.org/ProposedRevisions/Pages/proposedrevision.aspx?rid=186</ref> The naming of the new disorder also reflects the more general distinction proposed between [[paraphilia]] and [[paraphilic disorder]] in DSM-5. |
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At the annual meeting of the American Association of Psychiatry and Law (AAPL) a group of forensic psychiatrists working with sex offenders made a symbolic vote on the inclusion of Pedohebephilia in DSM-5, with 2 votes for and 31 against. At the International Association for the Treatment of Sexual Offenders meeting in Oslo another vote was made with 1 vote for and 100 against.<ref>Frankling, K. 2011. "Forensic Psychiatrists Vote No on Proposed Paraphilias", Psychiatric Times. Vol. 27 No. 12</ref> The proposed addition of hebephilia to the DSM-5 diagnostic codes and appendix was rejected by the American Psychiatric Association board of trustees due to a large degree of opposition to the proposed new diagnosis and concerns about its scientific validity. The AMA board of trustees apparently had to step in due to a small group of psychologists digging their |
At the annual meeting of the American Association of Psychiatry and Law (AAPL) a group of forensic psychiatrists working with sex offenders made a symbolic vote on the inclusion of Pedohebephilia in DSM-5, with 2 votes for and 31 against. At the International Association for the Treatment of Sexual Offenders meeting in Oslo another vote was made with 1 vote for and 100 against.<ref>Frankling, K. 2011. "Forensic Psychiatrists Vote No on Proposed Paraphilias", Psychiatric Times. Vol. 27 No. 12</ref> The proposed addition of hebephilia to the DSM-5 diagnostic codes and appendix was rejected by the American Psychiatric Association board of trustees due to a large degree of opposition to the proposed new diagnosis and concerns about its scientific validity. The AMA board of trustees apparently had to step in due to a small group of psychologists digging their heals in and not accepting the opinions of the wider community of mental health professionals.<ref name=prnsdhebephilia/> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
Revision as of 14:05, 29 December 2012
Hebephilia is defined as a primary or exclusive sexual interest in pubescent individuals aged approximately 11–14 years. Hebephilia differs from ephebophilia, which refers to the sexual preference for individuals in later adolescence,[1] and from pedophilia, which refers to the sexual preference for prepubescent children.[2] The onset of puberty varies from child to child, but, on average, girls begin the process of puberty at age 10 or 11; boys at age 11 or 12.[3][4] While individuals with a sexual preference for adults (i.e., teleiophiles) may have some sexual interest in pubescent-aged individuals,[5] the term hebephilia is reserved for those who prefer pubescent-aged individuals over adults. The term was introduced by Glueck (1955),[6] who later credited it, without citation, to Paul Benedict.[7]
Ray Blanchard and a number of his colleagues from CAMH believe that hebephilia is a mental disorder and argued for its inclusion in the DSM-5.[8] The proposed addition to the DSM V was criticized by Richard Green,[9] Allen Frances,[10] Michael First (DSM-IV editor),[10][11] Karen Franklin,[12] Charles Allen Moser,[13] William O'Donohue,[14] and other mental health professionals on various grounds. The American Psychiatric Association rejected the addition of hebephilia to the DSM-5 as a diagnosable psychiatric disorder.[15]
Etiology and etymology
As with sexual preference in general, it is not known what causes someone to prefer a pubescent rather than an adult individual for sexual reasons. A number of biological associations have been studied however. A team from CAMH has published a series of research articles comparing biologically relevant characteristics of clinical samples of pedophiles, hebephiles, and teleiophiles (individuals with a sexual preference for adults). In such samples, hebephilic men are midway between pedophilic men and teleiophilic men on average IQ,[16] memory test scores,[16] and rates of school grade failures over and above the IQ differences, with pedophiles scoring the lowest on the first two measures and highest on the third.[17] Hebephiles score midway between pedophiles and teleiophiles in rates of non-right-handedness,[18] rates of having suffered childhood head injuries,[19][20] and physical height.[21]
The name is based on the Greek goddess of youth Hebe, a daughter of Zeus and Hera. She is also known as Ganymeda, or in Roman: Juventas. Words such as juvenile are based on that form. The suffix -phil- based on Philia is also Greek, meaning love.
Prevalence of hebephilia versus pedophilia
There are clinical and correctional samples of sexual offenders in which hebephilic men outnumber the pedophilic men.[16][22][23] Moreover, anonymous surveys of people sexually interested in children more frequently report an erotic interest in pubescents rather than in prepubescents.[24][25]
DSM-5
In 2008, Ray Blanchard was the lead author of an influential paper proposing the introduction of hebephilia in the DSM-5.[8] The paper, coauthored mostly with colleagues from CAMH and the University of Toronto, triggered a number of reactions, many of them critical on the basis that it pathologizes reproductively valid behavior in order to uphold current social and legal standards. Critics include Richard Green,[9] Michael First (DSM-IV editor),[11] Karen Franklin,[12][26][27] and Charles Allen Moser,[13] while others like William O'Donohue argue that the proposal does not go far enough.[14] Clinical psychologist Joseph J. Plaud[28] criticized Blanchard's study for lacking a control group of "normal" men, and other methodological issues, leading him to conclude that "The data do not support the conclusions reached in this article, especially the inclusion of a significant change to the DSM-5".[29] Blanchard replied to these concerns.[30][31] Franklin maintains a list of publications discussing the new diagnosis.[32]
The proposed DSM-5 replacement for the pedophilia diagnosis, called pedohebophilic disorder, largely reflected the proposal of Blanchard and his colleagues.[33] The naming of the new disorder also reflects the more general distinction proposed between paraphilia and paraphilic disorder in DSM-5.
At the annual meeting of the American Association of Psychiatry and Law (AAPL) a group of forensic psychiatrists working with sex offenders made a symbolic vote on the inclusion of Pedohebephilia in DSM-5, with 2 votes for and 31 against. At the International Association for the Treatment of Sexual Offenders meeting in Oslo another vote was made with 1 vote for and 100 against.[34] The proposed addition of hebephilia to the DSM-5 diagnostic codes and appendix was rejected by the American Psychiatric Association board of trustees due to a large degree of opposition to the proposed new diagnosis and concerns about its scientific validity. The AMA board of trustees apparently had to step in due to a small group of psychologists digging their heals in and not accepting the opinions of the wider community of mental health professionals.[15]
See also
References
- ^ Krafft-Ebing, R., & Moll, A. (1924). Psychopathia sexualis. Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke.
- ^ Krafft-Ebing, R. von. (1886). Psychopathia sexualis: A medico-forensic study (1965 trans by H. E. Wedeck). New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons.
- ^ (Chumlea, 1982).
- ^ "For girls, puberty begins around 10 or 11 years of age and ends around age 16. Boys enter puberty later than girls-usually around 12 years of age-and it lasts until around age 16 or 17." "Teenage Growth & Development: 11 to 14 Years". Palo Alto Medical Foundation. Retrieved August 15, 2011.
- ^ Freund, K., Langevin, R., Cibiri, S., & Zajac, Y. (1973). Heterosexual aversion in homosexual males. British Journal of Psychiatry, 122, 163–169.
- ^ Glueck, B. C., Jr. (1955). Final report: Research project for the study and treatment of persons convicted of crimes involving sexual aberrations. June 1952 to June 1955. New York: New York State Department of Mental Hygiene.
- ^ Hammer, E. F., & Glueck, B. C. (1957). Psychodynamic factors in sex offenders: A four-factor theory. Psychiatric Quarterly, 31, 325–345.
- ^ a b Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9399-9, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
|doi=10.1007/s10508-008-9399-9
instead. - ^ a b Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s10508-010-9602-7, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
|doi=10.1007/s10508-010-9602-7
instead. - ^ a b Allen Frances, Michael B. First, (2011) Hebephilia Is Not a Mental Disorder in DSM-IV-TR and Should Not Become One in DSM-5 J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 39:1:78-85
- ^ a b Joyce Frieden (Dec 1, 2009) DSM-V work on paraphilias begins in earnest, Clinical Psychiatry News, Elsevier
- ^ a b Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1002/bsl.934, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
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instead. - ^ a b Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9436-8, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
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instead. - ^ a b Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s10508-010-9604-5, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
|doi=10.1007/s10508-010-9604-5
instead. - ^ a b Karen Franklin (December 2, 2012). "Psychiatry Rejects Novel Sexual Disorder "Hebephilia"". USA: Psychology Today. Retrieved December 6, 2012.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ a b c Cantor, J. M., Blanchard, R., Christensen, B. K., Dickey, R., Klassen, P. E., Beckstead, A. L., et al. (2004). Intelligence, memory, and handedness in pedophilia. Neuropsychology, 18, 3–14.
- ^ Cantor, J. M., Kuban, M. E., Blak, T., Klassen, P. E., Dickey, R., & Blanchard, R. (2006). Grade failure and special education placement in sexual offenders’ educational histories. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 35, 743–751.
- ^ Cantor, J. M., Klassen, P. E., Dickey, R., Christensen, B. K., Kuban, M. E., Blak, T., et al. (2005). Handedness in pedophilia and hebephilia. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 34, 447–459.
- ^ Blanchard, R., Kuban, M. E., Klassen, P., Dickey, R., Christensen, B. K., Cantor, J. M., & Blak, T. (2003). Self-reported injuries before and after age 13 in pedophilic and non-pedophilic men referred for clinical assessment. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 32, 573–581.
- ^ Blanchard, R., Christensen, B. K., Strong, S. M., Cantor, J. M., Kuban, M. E., Klassen, P., Dickey, R., & Blak, T. (2002). Retrospective self-reports of childhood accidents causing unconsciousness in phallometrically diagnosed pedophiles. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 31, 511–526.
- ^ Cantor, J. M., Kuban, M. E., Blak, T., Klassen, P. E., Dickey, R., & Blanchard, R. (2007). Physical height in pedophilia and hebephilia. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 19, 395–407.
- ^ Gebhard, P. H., Gagnon, J. H., Pomeroy, W. B., & Christenson, C. V. (1965). Sex offenders: An analysis of types. New York: Harper & Row.
- ^ Studer, L. H., Aylwin, A. S., Clelland, S. R., Reddon, J. R., & Frenzel, R. R. (2002). Primary erotic preference in a group of child molesters. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 25, 173–180.
- ^ Bernard, F. (1975). An enquiry among a group of pedophiles. The Journal of Sex Research, 11, 242–255.
- ^ Wilson, G. D., & Cox, D. N. (1983). Personality of paedophile club members. Personality and Individual Differences, 4, 323–329.
- ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9425-y, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
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instead. - ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s10508-010-9616-1, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
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instead. - ^ http://psyris.com/drjoeplaud
- ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9423-0, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
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instead. - ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9427-9, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
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instead. - ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s10508-010-9610-7, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
|doi=10.1007/s10508-010-9610-7
instead. - ^ http://www.karenfranklin.com/hebephilia.html
- ^ http://www.dsm5.org/ProposedRevisions/Pages/proposedrevision.aspx?rid=186
- ^ Frankling, K. 2011. "Forensic Psychiatrists Vote No on Proposed Paraphilias", Psychiatric Times. Vol. 27 No. 12