Hasan Salama حسن سلامة | |
---|---|
Born | 1912 Qula, Ottoman Syria |
Died | 1948 Ras al-Ein, Israel |
Allegiance |
|
Service/ | Army of the Holy War |
Years of service | 1936-1948 |
Battles/wars | 1936-1939 Arab revolt in Palestine Anglo-Iraqi War Operation ATLAS 1947-1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine |
Relations | Ali Hassan Salameh (son) |
Hasan Salama or Hassan Salameh (Arabic: حسن سلامة, Ḥasan Salāmah) (1912–1948) was a commander of the Palestinian Holy War Army (Jaysh al-Jihad al-Muqaddas, Arabic: جيش الجهاد المقدس) in the 1948 Palestine War along with Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni.
Biography
Salama was born in the Ottoman Syrian village Qula in 1912. He was one of the leaders of the armed Arab groups who fought against the Jews and British during the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine. After the Arab revolt in Palestine Salama fled to Lebanon, and then fled along with the Mufti of Jerusalem Hajj Amin al-Husseini to Iraq.[citation needed]
In Iraq Salama took a tank commander's course [1]. After the pro-Axis Rashid Ali al-Gaylani government was overthrown by the British in 1941 and the subsequent meeting between Adolf Hitler and Grtand Mufti Husseini, the Mufti arranged for Salama and other Arab fighters to be flown to Germany for military training. The Germans trained Salama to be a paratrooper.[2]
In October 1944 Salama parachuted into Palestine as a member of the five-man Operation ATLAS commando team.
In 1947 Salameh re-emerged as the second-in-command of the Holy War Army was a force of Palestinian Arab irregulars in the 1947-48 Palestinian civil war.[3] The force has been described as Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni's "personal" army.[4] At the meeting held in Damascus on 5 February 1948, to organize the Palestinian Field Commands, Salama was allocated the Lydda district. [5] Salama commanded the forces in Jaffa, the coastal plain, Ramle and Lod.
Salama was a member of the Palestine Arab Party.
Salama was killed by the IDF in the battle of Ras al-Ein on 2 June 1948.[6] He was the father of Ali Hassan Salameh, chief of Black September and the man chiefly responsible of the Munich massacre at the 1972 Olympics.
References
- ^ "Israel/Palestine and the Politics of a Two-State Solution" by Thomas G. Mitchell, (London: McFarland & Co., Inc.; 2013) p. 136
- ^ "Mitchell, Israel/Palestine", p. 136
- ^ Albert Habib Hourani, Philip S. Khoury and Mary C. Wilson (2004-03-04). The Modern Middle East: A Reader. London: I.B. Tauris. p. 537. ISBN 978-1-86064-963-9.
- ^ Ilan Pappé (1994-08-15). The Making of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1947-51. London: I.B. Tauris. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-85043-819-9.
- ^ Haim Levenberg (1993-09-01). Military Preparations of the Arab Community in Palestine: 1945-1948. London: Routledge. p. 198. ISBN 0-7146-3439-5.
- ^ "Alphabetical & Chronological listing of Palestinian Personalities". Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs.