1976 Gubir shootdown | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Part of Operation Gubir 11 of the Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–1989) | |||||||
A Sikorsky S-61A-4 Nuri of the RMAF, c. 2009, similar to the one involved in the incident. | |||||||
| |||||||
Belligerents | |||||||
Malaysia | Communist Party of Malaya | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
No centralised leadership | |||||||
Units involved | |||||||
RMAF | MNLA | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
| Unknown | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
11 killed | None |
On 26 April 1976, during a counterinsurgency operation conducted by the Malaysian government against guerilla fighters from the Malayan Communist Party, a Sikorsky S-61A-4 Nuri helicopter operated by the Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) was shot down by insurgents in forest reserves near the village of Gubir in Sik, Kedah. The incident killed all 11 people on board. It was the first time guerillas had shot down any aircraft throughout the course of the Malayan Emergency and subsequent communist insurgency in Malaysia.
Background
In 1968, the Sikorsky S-61A-4 Nuri helicopter, a variant of the Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King, was in service by the Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF).[1] On 26 October 1970, the RMAF purchased 40 Nuri helicopters for troop transport, cargo carrying and rescue mission purposes.[2]
Between 1968 to 1989, Malaysia was involved in a low-intensity armed insurgency from the Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA), the military wing of the banned Communist Party of Malaya (CPM), as a continuation of the Malayan Emergency from 1948 to 1960. Helicopters, notably the Nuri, were deployed in action soon after their introduction, serving casevacs against the insurgency as early as 18 June 1968.[3]
Unlike the Emergency, where helicopters were not made a target, the MNLA now trained some of its insurgents to shoot down helicopters, which posed a threat to the Nuri aircrew. The first insurgent attack against a Nuri occurred on 6 August 1969, when a Nuri was shot during final approach near Sadao, Thailand. A second attack happened on 22 December 1974, when a Nuri conducting a casevac near Weng, Baling was shot, forcing the helicopter to take off while its casualty was still hanging outside the aircraft.[4]
History
Operation Gubir 11
The forests surrounding the village of Gubir in Sik, Kedah, became a defensive stronghold of the MNLA during the insurgency, and was even reported to have housed Chin Peng, the secretary general of the CPM.[5] Estimates by security officials believed guerilla camps around Gubir could accommodate between 400 to 500 insurgents.[6] To neutralise the insurgency near Gubir, a special operation, Operation Gubir 11, was launched near the village on 15 April 1976. Its main mission was to capture an MNLA training camp codenamed Target Bravo, which contained an underground tunnel network near the Malaysian–Thailand border. The operation came in the form of an airborne assault as preventive measures against booby traps set around the site. Three Nuri helicopters were deployed for the insertion of commandos and its planned extraction.[7]
On 17 April, as preparations for the assault, the site was gradually bombarded and strafed by a combination of artillery fire and aerial support. The assault began after the bombardment ended, but during the approach towards Target Bravo, the helicopter fleet was attacked by MNLA insurgents and was forced to abort the mission.[8] The commandos' assault returned on 21 April 1976 and was successful in capturing the camp without any opposition, even though three commandos were injured by booby traps and were evacuated to Alor Setar.[9][10][11]
Shoot down of FM1715
On 25 April 1976, while stationing at Target Bravo, an ambush from the MNLA killed a soldier and injured another.[12][13] To counter the attacks, an RMAF Nuri helicopter (registration FM1715) was dispatched on 26 April to transport supplies and reinforcements to the encampment.[14][15] The aircraft was piloted by flight lieutenant Chung Ming Teck and flight lieutenant Wan Munsiff Wan Salim of the RMAF 10th Squadron, and carried 11 people, including seven RMAF officers.[16][15] At 10:23 am, while flying low and preparing to land troops on Target Bravo, the aircraft was struck by small arms fire from MNLA insurgents, and within two minutes contact from FM1715 was lost.[17][15] It was found to have executed an overshoot but crashed while evacuating, killing all 11 people on board.[18] It was first time guerillas had shot down any aircraft throughout the course of the Emergency and subsequent communist insurgency in Malaysia.[11]
Rescue operations were immediately launched following FM1715's disappearance but did not locate the wreckage until the morning of 27 April.[15][11] The bodies of all personnel were burnt beyond recognition.
Aftermath
References
Citations
- ^ "73 lives lost due to Nuri accidents". New Straits Times. 20 March 1997. p. 4.
- ^ "Families of crash victims recount happier times". New Straits Times. 20 March 1997. p. 4.
- ^ Sulaiman & Abdul Ghani, p. 4.
- ^ Sulaiman & Abdul Ghani, p. 4–5.
- ^ Mohd Said, Sakini (28 August 2015). "Veteran proud to sacrifice a limb for country". MalaysiaKini. Bernama.
- ^ "11 killed as 'copter shot down". The Victoria Advocate. Associated Press. 27 April 1976. pp. 8A.
- ^ Sulaiman & Abdul Ghani, p. 5.
- ^ Nor Sulaiman & Rohani, p. 5.
- ^ Abu Bakar, Nazri (11 August 2018). "Be grateful for peace and harmony, commando left disabled by communist booby trap tells younger generation". New Straits Times.
- ^ Sulaiman & Abdul Ghani, p. 5–6.
- ^ a b c "Malaysian AF 'copter downed". St. Joseph Gazette. Associated Press. 27 April 1976. pp. 7A.
- ^ Abdul Hamid 2012, p. 6.
- ^ Abdul Hamid, Sulasteri (2012). "Peristiwa Gubir 26 April 1976". Puspawangsa. 9 (1). Malaysian Information Agency: 1, 5–6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 January 2013.
- ^ "ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 149316". aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. 27 September 2012.
- ^ a b c d "7 pegawai antara mangsa helikopter" [7 officials among helicopter victims]. Berita Harian (in Malay). 28 April 1976. p. 1.
- ^ Sulaiman, Nor Ibrahim (14 February 2010). "Tragedi 26 April 1976...Sumbangan Pengalaman". Jottings of Xnuripilot.
- ^ "Guerillas down copter". Eugene Register-Guard. 26 April 1976. p. 2.
- ^ Sulaiman & Abdul Ghani, p. 6.
Bibliography
- Sulaiman, Nor Ibrahim; Abdul Ghani, Rohani (1989). "Employment of Sikorsky S61A-4 Nuri helicopters in counter insurgency warfare in Peninsular Malaysia 1968–1989" (PDF). Malaysian Journal of History, Politics and Strategic Studies. 43 (2): 1–22.