m Robot - Moving category Archaeology of the indigenous peoples of North America to Category:Native American archeology per CFD at Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2014 December 30. |
Harold Angel (talk | contribs) add info & refs, add geobox, add external links, copyedit |
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{{Geobox|Protected Area |
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{{Infobox protected area |
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<!-- *** Heading *** --> |
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| name = Ginkgo Petrified Forest State Park |
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| name = Ginkgo Petrified Forest / <br>Wanapum Recreational Area |
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| native_name = | other_name = |
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| iucn_category = |
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| category = [[List of Washington state parks|Washington State Park]] |
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| photo = PetrifiedWoodGPFSP.jpg |
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<!-- *** Names **** --> |
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| photo_alt = |
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| etymology = | official_name = | motto = | nickname = |
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| photo_caption = A collection of petrified logs are on display outside the park interpretive center |
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<!-- *** Image *** --> |
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| photo_width = |
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| image = PetrifiedWoodGPFSP.jpg |
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| map = USA Washington |
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| image_caption = Petrified logs at the park interpretive center |
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| map_alt = |
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| image_size = 250px |
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| map_caption = Map of [[Washington (state)|Washington]] state |
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<!-- *** Symbols *** --> |
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| map_width = |
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| flag = |
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| location = [[Vantage, Washington|Vantage]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]] state |
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| symbol = |
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<!-- *** Country *** --> |
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| country = United States |
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| state = [[Washington (state)|Washington]] |
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| region_type = County |
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| region = [[Kittitas County, Washington|Kittitas]] |
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| district = |
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| municipality = |
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<!-- *** Family *** --> |
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| city = | landmark = | river = |
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<!-- *** Locations *** --> |
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| location = |
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| elevation_imperial = 791 |
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| elevation_note = <ref name=gnis/> |
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| prominence_imperial = |
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| lat_d = 46 |
| lat_d = 46 |
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| lat_m = 56 |
| lat_m = 56 |
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| long_s = 10 |
| long_s = 10 |
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| long_EW = W |
| long_EW = W |
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| coordinates_note = <ref name=gnis>{{cite gnis|1513458|Ginkgo Petrified Forest State Park}}</ref> |
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| coords_ref = |
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| highest = |
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| highest_location = | highest_region = | highest_country = |
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| area = {{convert|7470|acre}} |
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| highest_elevation_imperial = |
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| established = |
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| highest_lat_d = | highest_lat_m = | highest_lat_s = | highest_lat_NS = |
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| visitation_num = |
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| highest_long_d = | highest_long_m = | highest_long_s = | highest_long_EW = |
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| visitation_year = |
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| lowest = |
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| lowest_location = | lowest_region = | lowest_country = |
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| url = http://www.parks.wa.gov/288/Ginkgo-Petrified-Forest |
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| lowest_elevation_imperial = |
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| embedded = {{designation list | embed = yes |
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| lowest_lat_d = | lowest_lat_m = | lowest_lat_s = | lowest_lat_NS = |
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| lowest_long_d = | lowest_long_m = | lowest_long_s = | lowest_long_EW = |
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<!-- *** Dimensions *** --> |
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| length_imperial = | length_orientation = |
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| width_imperial = | width_orientation = |
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| area_unit = acre |
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| area_imperial = 7470 |
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<!-- *** Features *** --> |
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| geology = | biome = | plant = | animal = | style = |
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<!-- *** History & management *** --> |
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| established_type = Established |
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| established = 1935 |
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| date = |
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| management = Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission |
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| management_location = | management_region = | management_country = |
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| management_elevation_imperial = |
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| management_lat_d = | management_lat_m = | management_lat_s = | management_lat_NS = |
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| management_long_d = | management_long_m = | management_long_s = | management_long_EW = |
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| owner = | leader = |
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<!-- *** Access *** --> |
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| public = | visitation = | visitation_date = | access = |
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<!-- *** UNESCO etc. *** --> |
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| whs_name = | whs_year = | whs_number = | whs_region = | whs_criteria = | category_iucn = |
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<!-- *** Free fields *** --> |
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| free = | free_type = |
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<!-- *** Maps *** --> |
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| map = Washington Locator Map.PNG |
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| map_caption = Location in the state of Washington |
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| map_background = |
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| map_locator = Washington |
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| map_locator_x = |
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| map_locator_y = |
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<!-- *** Website *** --> |
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| commons = |
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| website = [http://www.parks.wa.gov/288/Ginkgo-Petrified-Forest Ginkgo Petrified Forest / Wanapum Recreational Area] |
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<!-- *** Footnotes *** --> |
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| footnotes = |
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{{designation list | embed = yes |
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| designation1 = NNL |
| designation1 = NNL |
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| designation1_date = 1965 |
| designation1_date = 1965 |
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}} |
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[[Image:Ginkgopark.jpg|right|thumb|upright|Park entrance features a petrified log]] |
[[Image:Ginkgopark.jpg|right|thumb|upright|Park entrance features a petrified log]] |
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[[File:Stone House - Petrified Forest State Park, WA.jpg|thumb|Old stone house in the State Park]] |
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'''Ginkgo Petrified Forest State Park/Wanapum Recreational Area''' is a {{convert|7470|acre|ha|0|adj=on}} state park at [[Vantage, Washington]] including 27,000 feet (8.2 kilometers) of [[freshwater]] shoreline on the Wanapum Reservoir on the [[Columbia River]]. Petrified wood was discovered in the region in the early 1930s, which led to creation of the park as a national historic preserve. There is a [[museum]] center at the site and one of the many features of the park is a Trees of Stone Interpretive Trail. The trail is split into two segments. There's a 1.5-mile loop through sagebrush-covered hills, or you can hike a longer 2.5-mile loop.<ref>{{cite web|last=O'Neal|first=Dori|title=Hard Facts on Ginkgo Petrified State Forest|url=http://seattletimes.com/html/travel/2008160675_trpetrifiedforest07.html|publisher= The Seattle Times|accessdate=2 December 2012}}</ref> The trail follows an exposed section of prehistoric Lake Vantage and wanders past 22 species of petrified logs that were left where they were discovered in the 1930s. The park is located at 4511 Huntzinger Road; Vantage, Washington 98950 and is owned by the Washington State Parks and Recreation. |
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'''Ginkgo Petrified Forest State Park/Wanapum Recreational Area''' is a {{convert|7470|acre|adj=on}} [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]] [[state park]] at [[Vantage, Washington]] that includes {{convert|27000|ft|m}} of shoreline on the Wanapum Reservoir on the [[Columbia River]]. Petrified wood was discovered in the region in the early 1930s, which led to creation of the park as a national historic preserve.<ref name=wasp/> |
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Over 50 species are found petrified at the site, including [[ginkgo]], [[Liquidambar|sweetgum]], [[Sequoia sempervirens|redwood]], [[Douglas fir]], [[walnut]], [[spruce]], [[elm]], [[maple]], [[Aesculus|horse chestnut]], [[Populus sect. Aegiros|cottonwood]], [[magnolia]], [[Arbutus|madrone]], [[sassafras]], [[Taxus|yew]], and [[Hamamelis|witch hazel]]. The museum also includes many [[Wanapum]] [[petroglyphs]]. |
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Over 50 species are found petrified at the site, including [[ginkgo]], [[Liquidambar|sweetgum]], [[Sequoia sempervirens|redwood]], [[Douglas fir]], [[walnut]], [[spruce]], [[elm]], [[maple]], [[Aesculus|horse chestnut]], [[Populus sect. Aegiros|cottonwood]], [[magnolia]], [[Arbutus|madrone]], [[sassafras]], [[Taxus|yew]], and [[Hamamelis|witch hazel]]. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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During the [[Miocene]] epoch, around 15.5 million years ago,<ref name=gsa/> the region was lush and wet, home to many plant species now extinct. A number of these trees were buried in volcanic ash, and the organic matter in the tree trunks was gradually replaced by minerals in the groundwater; the resulting petrified wood was protected for millennia by flows of [[basalt]]. Near the end of the last [[ice age]], the catastrophic [[Missoula Floods]] (about 15,000 BC) eroded the basalt, exposing some of the petrified wood. |
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During the [[Miocene]] epoch, around 15.5 million years ago,<ref name=gsa>{{cite web|url=http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2003AM/finalprogram/abstract_59603.htm| |
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title=Biostratigraphy of Columbia Basalt Group Petrified Forests |
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| year=2003 |
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| accessdate = 2006-12-02 |
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| publisher= |
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Geological Society of America}}</ref> the region was lush and wet, home to many plant species now extinct. A number of these trees were buried in volcanic ash, and the organic matter in the tree trunks was gradually replaced by minerals in the groundwater; the resulting petrified wood was protected for millennia by flows of [[basalt]]. Near the end of the last [[ice age]], the catastrophic [[Missoula Floods]] (about 15,000 BC) eroded the basalt, exposing some of the petrified wood. |
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In prehistoric times, the [[Wanapum]] tribe of Native Americans inhabited the region along the [[Columbia River]] from the Beverly Gap to the Snake River. The Wanapum people first welcomed white strangers in the area during Lewis and Clarks expeditions across the United States.<ref |
In prehistoric times, the [[Wanapum]] tribe of Native Americans inhabited the region along the [[Columbia River]] from the Beverly Gap to the Snake River. The Wanapum people first welcomed white strangers in the area during Lewis and Clarks expeditions across the United States.<ref name=ordway/> They lived by fishing and agriculture, carved over 300 [[petroglyphs]] into the basalt cliffs, and may have used the petrified wood exposed by erosion for arrowheads and other tools.<ref name=historylink/> According to documentation at the park, Wanapum never fought white settlers, did not sign a treaty with them, and, as a result, retained no federally recognized right to the land. |
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title=Ginkgo Petrified Forest State Park |
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| year=2005 |
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| accessdate = 2006-12-02 |
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| author=Tate, Cassandra |
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| publisher=historylink.org}}</ref> According to documentation at the Park, Wanapum never fought white settlers, did not sign a treaty with them, and, as a result, retained no federally recognized right to the land. |
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Around 1927, highway workers noticed the petrified wood, leading geologist George F. Beck to organize excavations.<ref name="historylink"/> The [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] completed the excavation, built a small museum, and opened the park to the public in 1938. |
Around 1927, highway workers noticed the petrified wood, leading geologist George F. Beck to organize excavations.<ref name="historylink"/> The [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] completed the excavation, built a small museum, and opened the park to the public in 1938. |
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In 1963, [[Wanapum Dam]] was completed about four miles (6 km) downstream, raising the water level of the Columbia River. A new Interpretive Center was constructed and about 60 [[petroglyph]]s salvaged from the rising water. Many of the salvaged petroglyphs are on display at the Interpretive Center. |
In 1963, [[Wanapum Dam]] was completed about four miles (6 km) downstream, raising the water level of the Columbia River. A new Interpretive Center was constructed and about 60 [[petroglyph]]s salvaged from the rising water. Many of the salvaged petroglyphs are on display at the Interpretive Center. |
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In October 1965, the [[National Park Service]] designated the Ginkgo Petrified Forest as a [[National Natural Landmark]].<ref |
In October 1965, the [[National Park Service]] designated the Ginkgo Petrified Forest as a [[National Natural Landmark]].<ref name=nps/> |
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Petrified wood was named the Washington [[state gem]] by the [[Washington State Legislature|state legislature]] on March 12, 1975.<ref name=legislature/> |
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==Activities and amenities== |
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The park [[museum]] center exhibits petrified wood as well as many [[Wanapum]] [[petroglyphs]]. The Trees of Stone Interpretive Trail includes a 1.5-mile loop through sagebrush-covered hills and a longer 2.5-mile loop.<ref name=times/> The trail follows an exposed section of prehistoric Lake Vantage past 22 species of petrified logs that were left where they were discovered in the 1930s. |
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==References== |
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{{reflist|refs= |
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<ref name=wasp>{{cite web |url=http://www.parks.wa.gov/288/Ginkgo-Petrified-Forest |title=Ginkgo Petrified Forest / Wanapum Recreational Area |publisher=Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission |accessdate=January 31, 2015}}</ref> |
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<ref name=times>{{cite news |last=O'Neal |first=Dori |title=Hard facts on Ginkgo Petrified State Forest |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/travel/2008160675_trpetrifiedforest07.html |date=September 7, 2008 |newspaper= The Seattle Times|accessdate=December 2, 2012}}</ref> |
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<ref name=gsa>{{cite web |url=http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2003AM/finalprogram/abstract_59603.htm |title=Biostratigraphy of Columbia Basalt Group Petrified Forests |year=2003 |last=Orsen |first=Mark J. |last2=Reidel |first2=Stephen P. |publisher=Geological Society of America |accessdate=December 2, 2006}}</ref> |
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<ref name=ordway>{{cite web |last=Ordway |first=John |title=Wanapum Indians |url=http://www.nationalgeographic.com/lewisandclark/record_tribes_069_13_31.html |publisher=National Geographic |date=October 16, 1805 |accessdate=14 April 2012}}</ref> |
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<ref name=nps>{{cite web |url=http://www.nature.nps.gov/nnl/site.cfm?Site=GIPE-WA |work=National Natural Landmarks Program |title=Ginkgo Petrified Forest |publisher=National Park Service |accessdate=January 31, 2015}}</ref> |
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<ref name=historylink>{{cite web|url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=7396 |title=Ginkgo Petrified Forest State Park |year=2005 |accessdate=December 2, 2006 |author=Tate, Cassandra |publisher=historylink.org}}</ref> |
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<ref name=legislature>{{cite web |url=http://leg.wa.gov/Symbols/Pages/default.aspx |title=State Symbols |publisher=Washington State Legislature |accessdate=January 31, 2015}}</ref>}} |
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== References == |
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<references/> |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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{{commons category}} |
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* [http://www.parks.wa.gov/288/Ginkgo-Petrified-Forest Washington State Parks' Ginkgo page] |
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*[http://www.parks.wa.gov/288/Ginkgo-Petrified-Forest Ginkgo Petrified Forest / Wanapum Recreational Area] Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission |
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* [http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=7396 HistoryLink essay] |
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*[http://www.parks.wa.gov/DocumentCenter/Home/View/1876 Ginkgo Petrified Forest Map] Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission |
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*[http://www.parks.wa.gov/DocumentCenter/Home/View/1961 Wanapum Recreational Area Map] Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission |
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{{Protected Areas of Washington}} |
{{Protected Areas of Washington}} |
Revision as of 05:59, 1 February 2015
Ginkgo Petrified Forest State Park/Wanapum Recreational Area is a 7,470-acre (3,020 ha) Washington state park at Vantage, Washington that includes 27,000 feet (8,200 m) of shoreline on the Wanapum Reservoir on the Columbia River. Petrified wood was discovered in the region in the early 1930s, which led to creation of the park as a national historic preserve.[1]
Over 50 species are found petrified at the site, including ginkgo, sweetgum, redwood, Douglas fir, walnut, spruce, elm, maple, horse chestnut, cottonwood, magnolia, madrone, sassafras, yew, and witch hazel.
History
During the Miocene epoch, around 15.5 million years ago,[2] the region was lush and wet, home to many plant species now extinct. A number of these trees were buried in volcanic ash, and the organic matter in the tree trunks was gradually replaced by minerals in the groundwater; the resulting petrified wood was protected for millennia by flows of basalt. Near the end of the last ice age, the catastrophic Missoula Floods (about 15,000 BC) eroded the basalt, exposing some of the petrified wood.
In prehistoric times, the Wanapum tribe of Native Americans inhabited the region along the Columbia River from the Beverly Gap to the Snake River. The Wanapum people first welcomed white strangers in the area during Lewis and Clarks expeditions across the United States.[3] They lived by fishing and agriculture, carved over 300 petroglyphs into the basalt cliffs, and may have used the petrified wood exposed by erosion for arrowheads and other tools.[4] According to documentation at the park, Wanapum never fought white settlers, did not sign a treaty with them, and, as a result, retained no federally recognized right to the land.
Around 1927, highway workers noticed the petrified wood, leading geologist George F. Beck to organize excavations.[4] The Civilian Conservation Corps completed the excavation, built a small museum, and opened the park to the public in 1938.
The petrified wood specimens in the museum were collected by Frank Walter Bobo, who was born March 4, 1894 in California. He moved to Cle Elum, Kittitas County, Washington. He became a "desert rat" digging petrified logs from the arid hills of Kittitas and Yakima counties. He was commissioned to collect, saw, and polish the specimens for the museum. Bobo was partially compensated by being allowed to keep one-half of the specimens he prepared while on commission. His son, Don J. Bobo, Teanaway Valley, Washington, inherited his father's collection of about one ton of petrified wood.
In 1963, Wanapum Dam was completed about four miles (6 km) downstream, raising the water level of the Columbia River. A new Interpretive Center was constructed and about 60 petroglyphs salvaged from the rising water. Many of the salvaged petroglyphs are on display at the Interpretive Center.
In October 1965, the National Park Service designated the Ginkgo Petrified Forest as a National Natural Landmark.[5]
Petrified wood was named the Washington state gem by the state legislature on March 12, 1975.[6]
Activities and amenities
The park museum center exhibits petrified wood as well as many Wanapum petroglyphs. The Trees of Stone Interpretive Trail includes a 1.5-mile loop through sagebrush-covered hills and a longer 2.5-mile loop.[7] The trail follows an exposed section of prehistoric Lake Vantage past 22 species of petrified logs that were left where they were discovered in the 1930s.
References
- ^ "Ginkgo Petrified Forest / Wanapum Recreational Area". Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
- ^ Orsen, Mark J.; Reidel, Stephen P. (2003). "Biostratigraphy of Columbia Basalt Group Petrified Forests". Geological Society of America. Retrieved December 2, 2006.
- ^ Ordway, John (October 16, 1805). "Wanapum Indians". National Geographic. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
- ^ a b Tate, Cassandra (2005). "Ginkgo Petrified Forest State Park". historylink.org. Retrieved December 2, 2006.
- ^ "Ginkgo Petrified Forest". National Natural Landmarks Program. National Park Service. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
- ^ "State Symbols". Washington State Legislature. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
- ^ O'Neal, Dori (September 7, 2008). "Hard facts on Ginkgo Petrified State Forest". The Seattle Times. Retrieved December 2, 2012.
External links
- Ginkgo Petrified Forest / Wanapum Recreational Area Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission
- Ginkgo Petrified Forest Map Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission
- Wanapum Recreational Area Map Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission