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'''George Sherman Carter''' ( |
'''George Sherman Carter''' (1911–1998) is an African American physicist known for being one of the few [[African-American scientists and technicians on the Manhattan Project|African-American scientists]] working on the [[Manhattan Project]] at [[Columbia University]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=George Sherman Carter |url=https://ahf.nuclearmuseum.org/ahf/profile/george-sherman-carter/ |access-date=2024-04-30 |website=Atomic Heritage Foundation {{!}} The National Museum of Nuclear Science & History |language=en-US}}</ref> While not much information is available about his career following the Manhattan Project, he did become a member of The American Association of Scientific Workers, an organization founded in the 1930s that consisted of scientists and engineers who were interested in the social and ethical implications of science and technology. The association was particularly active in discussing issues like the role of science in war, social justice, and public policy, and it had a progressive political stance. Which seems to be fitting as he was apart of The Manhattan Project.<ref name=":1" /> |
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== Early life and education == |
== Early life and education == |
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George Sherman Carter was born on May 10, 1911, in Gloucester County, Virginia.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Lanum |first=Mackenzie |date=2012-02-24 |title=George Sherman Carter (1911-1998) • |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/carter-george-sherman-1911-1998/ |access-date=2024-04-30 |language=en-US}}</ref> He is among four boys and one girl, and he was born to George Peter and Emily Maude Carter.<ref name=":1" /> In 1940, he earned his Bachelor of Science in Biology from Lincoln University.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Crocker |first=Brittany |title=15 African-Americans who were hidden heroes of the Manhattan Project |url=https://www.knoxnews.com/story/news/2018/02/25/15-african-americans-who-were-hidden-heroes-manhattan-project/1039817001/ |access-date=2024-04-30 |website=Knoxville News Sentinel |language=en-US}}</ref> While at the university, he actively participated in various extracurriculars, including joining the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, contributing to the track team, and participating in the New York Club and the Wissenschaft Verein (Science Club).<ref name=":1" /> From there, he began studying at Columbia University Teachers College and the City of New York College.<ref name=":0" /> |
George Sherman Carter was born on May 10, 1911, in [[Gloucester County, Virginia]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Lanum |first=Mackenzie |date=2012-02-24 |title=George Sherman Carter (1911-1998) • |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/carter-george-sherman-1911-1998/ |access-date=2024-04-30 |website=Black Past |language=en-US}}</ref> He is among four boys and one girl, and he was born to George Peter and Emily Maude Carter.<ref name=":1" /> In 1940, he earned his Bachelor of Science in Biology from [[Lincoln University (Pennsylvania)|Lincoln University]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Crocker |first=Brittany |title=15 African-Americans who were hidden heroes of the Manhattan Project |url=https://www.knoxnews.com/story/news/2018/02/25/15-african-americans-who-were-hidden-heroes-manhattan-project/1039817001/ |access-date=2024-04-30 |website=Knoxville News Sentinel |language=en-US}}</ref> While at the university, he actively participated in various extracurriculars, including joining the [[Alpha Phi Alpha|Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity]], contributing to the track team, and participating in the New York Club and the Wissenschaft Verein (Science Club).<ref name=":1" /> From there, he began studying at [[Teachers College, Columbia University|Columbia University Teachers College]] and later on the [[City of New York College]].<ref name=":0" /> |
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== Career == |
== Career == |
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Carter later wed Kathleen Francis, and together they had a daughter named Beverly Kathleen. In 1943,<ref name=":2" /> George Sherman Carter was employed by Columbia University in New York to collaborate with the [[University of Chicago]] on research into [[nuclear fission]]. This initiative, orchestrated by the [[United States Army Corps of Engineers|Army Corps of Engineers]], was a part of the renowned Manhattan Project that led to the development of the [[Trinity (nuclear test)|first atomic bomb]]. The Manhattan Project was a secret World War II effort by the U.S., UK, and Canada to develop the first atomic bombs, responding to fears of [[Nazi Germany]]'s nuclear ambitions. Led by the U.S., it united top scientists and military to produce the bombs, which were later used on Japan, hastening the war's end.<ref name=":1" /> He was among the limited number of African Americans scientists involved in the project.<ref name=":0" /> While there, Carter was employed under Nobel laureate [[Isidor Isaac Rabi|Isidor Rabi]].<ref name=":2" /> Following the conclusion of the Manhattan Project, Carter and his family continued to reside in [[Harlem]]. He became deeply involved in the community, playing an essential role. Initially, he participated actively in the [[Abyssinian Baptist Church]], but later he transitioned to the Unity Church, both located in Harlem.<ref name=":1" /> |
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start typing here... |
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* What did they do after school? Where did they start working? What companies did they move to? When? |
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* Any significant achievements made in their career? |
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* Did they receive any special recognition or awards for their work? |
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* Are they a part of professional societies or boards? Like being selected as part of the National Academy of Engineering... |
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Sources to use: |
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* https://ahf.nuclearmuseum.org/ahf/profile/george-sherman-carter/ |
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* https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/carter-george-sherman-1911-1998/ |
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* https://www.knoxnews.com/story/news/2018/02/25/15-african-americans-who-were-hidden-heroes-manhattan-project/1039817001/ |
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== References == |
== References == |
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<references /> |
<references /> |
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[[Category:Alpha Phi Alpha members]] |
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[[Category:1911 births]] |
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[[Category:1998 deaths]] |
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[[Category:20th-century African-American scientists]] |
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[[Category:Manhattan Project people]] |
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[[Category:Lincoln University (Pennsylvania) alumni]] |
Revision as of 16:40, 11 May 2024
George Sherman Carter (1911–1998) is an African American physicist known for being one of the few African-American scientists working on the Manhattan Project at Columbia University.[1] While not much information is available about his career following the Manhattan Project, he did become a member of The American Association of Scientific Workers, an organization founded in the 1930s that consisted of scientists and engineers who were interested in the social and ethical implications of science and technology. The association was particularly active in discussing issues like the role of science in war, social justice, and public policy, and it had a progressive political stance. Which seems to be fitting as he was apart of The Manhattan Project.[2]
Early life and education
George Sherman Carter was born on May 10, 1911, in Gloucester County, Virginia.[2] He is among four boys and one girl, and he was born to George Peter and Emily Maude Carter.[2] In 1940, he earned his Bachelor of Science in Biology from Lincoln University.[3] While at the university, he actively participated in various extracurriculars, including joining the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, contributing to the track team, and participating in the New York Club and the Wissenschaft Verein (Science Club).[2] From there, he began studying at Columbia University Teachers College and later on the City of New York College.[1]
Career
Carter later wed Kathleen Francis, and together they had a daughter named Beverly Kathleen. In 1943,[3] George Sherman Carter was employed by Columbia University in New York to collaborate with the University of Chicago on research into nuclear fission. This initiative, orchestrated by the Army Corps of Engineers, was a part of the renowned Manhattan Project that led to the development of the first atomic bomb. The Manhattan Project was a secret World War II effort by the U.S., UK, and Canada to develop the first atomic bombs, responding to fears of Nazi Germany's nuclear ambitions. Led by the U.S., it united top scientists and military to produce the bombs, which were later used on Japan, hastening the war's end.[2] He was among the limited number of African Americans scientists involved in the project.[1] While there, Carter was employed under Nobel laureate Isidor Rabi.[3] Following the conclusion of the Manhattan Project, Carter and his family continued to reside in Harlem. He became deeply involved in the community, playing an essential role. Initially, he participated actively in the Abyssinian Baptist Church, but later he transitioned to the Unity Church, both located in Harlem.[2]
References
- ^ a b c "George Sherman Carter". Atomic Heritage Foundation | The National Museum of Nuclear Science & History. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
- ^ a b c d e f Lanum, Mackenzie (2012-02-24). "George Sherman Carter (1911-1998) •". Black Past. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
- ^ a b c Crocker, Brittany. "15 African-Americans who were hidden heroes of the Manhattan Project". Knoxville News Sentinel. Retrieved 2024-04-30.