Chowhonwai (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
Chowhonwai (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
| death_date={{Death date and age|2001|11|29|1943|2|25|df=yes}} |
| death_date={{Death date and age|2001|11|29|1943|2|25|df=yes}} |
||
| death_place={{nowrap|Los Angeles, California, US}} |
| death_place={{nowrap|Los Angeles, California, US}} |
||
| instrument=<!--Please do not add to this list without first discussing your proposal on the talk page. Please also do not add "percussion", as the term is not an instrument.-->Vocals, guitar, |
| instrument=<!--Please do not add to this list without first discussing your proposal on the talk page. Please also do not add "percussion", as the term is not an instrument.-->Vocals, guitar, sitar, keyboards, bass guitar, ukulele |
||
| genre=[[Rock music|Rock]], [[pop music|pop]], [[world music]], [[experimental music|experimental]] |
| genre=[[Rock music|Rock]], [[pop music|pop]], [[world music]], [[experimental music|experimental]] |
||
| occupation=Musician, singer, songwriter, music and film producer |
| occupation=Musician, singer, songwriter, music and film producer |
||
| years_active=1958–2001 |
| years_active=1958–2001 |
||
| label=[[Parlophone]], [[Capitol Records|Capitol]], [[Swan Records|Swan]], [[Apple Records|Apple]], [[Vee-Jay Records|Vee-Jay]], [[Dark Horse Records|Dark Horse]], [[All Things Must Pass#2001|Gnome]] |
| label=[[Parlophone]], [[Capitol Records|Capitol]], [[Swan Records|Swan]], [[Apple Records|Apple]], [[Vee-Jay Records|Vee-Jay]], [[Dark Horse Records|Dark Horse]], [[All Things Must Pass#2001|Gnome]] |
||
| associated_acts=[[The Quarrymen]], [[the Beatles]], [[Delaney & Bonnie]], [[Plastic Ono Band]], [[Badfinger]], [[Traveling Wilburys]] |
| associated_acts=[[The Quarrymen]], [[the Beatles]], [[Delaney & Bonnie]], [[Plastic Ono Band]], [[Badfinger]], [[Traveling Wilburys]], [[Eric Clapton]] |
||
| website={{URL|http://www.georgeharrison.com}} |
| website={{URL|http://www.georgeharrison.com}} |
||
| notable_instruments={{unbulleted list|[[Gretsch]] 6122 Country Gentleman|[[Fender Stratocaster]] "Rocky"|[[Gibson Les Paul]] "[[Lucy (guitar)|Lucy]]"|[[Rickenbacker 360/12]]}} |
| notable_instruments={{unbulleted list|[[Gretsch]] 6122 Country Gentleman|[[Fender Stratocaster]] "Rocky"|[[Gibson Les Paul]] "[[Lucy (guitar)|Lucy]]"|[[Rickenbacker 360/12]]}} |
Revision as of 11:06, 8 February 2013
George Harrison MBE | |
---|---|
Background information | |
Born | Liverpool, England | 25 February 1943
Died | 29 November 2001 Los Angeles, California, US | (aged 58)
Genres | Rock, pop, world music, experimental |
Occupation(s) | Musician, singer, songwriter, music and film producer |
Instrument(s) | Vocals, guitar, sitar, keyboards, bass guitar, ukulele |
Years active | 1958–2001 |
Labels | Parlophone, Capitol, Swan, Apple, Vee-Jay, Dark Horse, Gnome |
Website | www |
George Harrison[nb 1] MBE (25 February 1943 – 29 November 2001) was an English musician, singer, and songwriter who achieved international fame as the lead guitarist of the Beatles. Although John Lennon and Paul McCartney wrote most of the Beatles' songs, their albums generally included at least one Harrison composition.
During the 1960s, he became interested in the Hare Krishna movement, and became an admirer of Indian culture and mysticism, introducing it to the other Beatles and to their Western audience. While his songwriting was initially overshadowed by Lennon and McCartney, he came to express and assert himself by incorporating Indian influences in his music. His songs with the band include "Taxman", "Within You Without You", "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", "Here Comes the Sun", and "Something", which has become the second most-covered Beatles song.
Following the band's break-up in 1970, Harrison released the triple album All Things Must Pass, from which two hit singles originated. Later, he wrote hit songs for former Beatle Ringo Starr. With Ravi Shankar, Harrison organized the 1971 Concert for Bangladesh, a precursor to later benefit concerts such as Live Aid. Also a music and film producer, Harrison co-founded HandMade Films in 1978. He achieved several best-selling singles and albums as a solo performer, and in 1988 co-founded the supergroup the Traveling Wilburys. Rolling Stone magazine ranked him number 11 in their list of the "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".
Harrison was married twice, first to Pattie Boyd from 1966 to 1977, and from 1978 until his death from lung cancer in 2001 to Olivia Trinidad Arias, with whom he had one son, Dhani.
Early years: 1943–57
Harrison was born in Liverpool, Lancashire, England, on 25 February 1943, the youngest of four children of Harold Hargreaves Harrison and his wife Louise (née French).[3] He had one sister, Louise, and two brothers, Harry and Peter.[4]
His mother was a Liverpool shop assistant, and his father was a bus conductor who had worked as a ship's steward on the White Star Line. His mother's family had Irish roots and were Roman Catholic.[4][5] Harrison was born and lived for the first six years of his life at 12 Arnold Grove, Wavertree, Liverpool, in a terraced house in a cul-de-sac.[6] The house had an outdoor toilet and its only heat came from a single coal fire. In 1949, the family were offered a council house, and they moved to 25 Upton Green, Speke.[7] In 1948, at the age of five, he was enrolled at Dovedale Primary School.[8] He passed his 11-plus examination and attended the prestigious Liverpool Institute from 1954 to 1959.[9]
Harrison said that, when he was 12 or 13, he had an epiphany; when riding a bike around his neighbourhood, he heard Elvis Presley's "Heartbreak Hotel" playing from a nearby house, and the song piqued his interest in rock and roll.[10] Soon after, Harrison's father bought him a Dutch Egmond flat top acoustic guitar.[11] While at the Liverpool Institute, Harrison formed a skiffle group called the Rebels with his brother Peter and a friend, Arthur Kelly.[12] On the bus to school, he met Paul McCartney, who was eight months older.[10] McCartney later became a member of John Lennon's band, the Quarrymen.[13]
The Beatles: 1957–70
In March 1958, Harrison auditioned for the Quarrymen at Rory Storm's Morgue Skiffle Club, playing "Guitar Boogie Shuffle". Lennon felt that Harrison, then 14, was too young to join the band.[14] During a second meeting, arranged by McCartney, Harrison performed the lead guitar part for the instrumental "Raunchy" on the upper deck of a Liverpool bus.[15][16] Harrison soon began socializing with the group, and filled in on guitar as needed.[17] By the time he turned 15, they had accepted him as a member of the group.[18]
Harrison left school at 16 and worked for several months as an apprentice electrician at a local department store, Blacklers.[19] During a low period in the Quarrymen's activity, Harrison joined the Les Stewart Quartet with Les Stewart, guitarist Ken Brown and Geoff Skinner.[20] Mona Best opened the Casbah Coffee Club on 29 August 1959, and Brown arranged for the quartet to be its resident band. When Brown missed rehearsals to help decorate the Casbah, Stewart refused to play.[21] Brown and Harrison recruited Lennon and McCartney at short notice to help them fill the residency, reactivating the Quarrymen name for the occasion.[21]
In 1960, Allan Williams arranged a contract for the band, now calling themselves the Beatles, with Bruno Koschmider, who offered them an engagement in Hamburg. They soon began playing at one of Koschmider's clubs, the Kaiserkeller.[22] The impromptu musical education that Harrison received playing long hours with the band, as well as the guitar lessons he took from Tony Sheridan while the Beatles briefly served as his backing group, laid the foundations of their sound, and of Harrison's quiet, professional role within the group;[23] he was later known as "the quiet Beatle".[24] The band's first residency in Hamburg ended prematurely when he was deported for being too young to work in nightclubs.[25]
When Brian Epstein became the Beatles' manager in December 1961,[26] he changed their image from that of leather-jacketed rock-and-rollers to a more polished look,[27] and secured them a recording contract with EMI. The group's first single, "Love Me Do", peaked at number seventeen on the Record Retailer chart,[28] and by the time their début album, Please Please Me, was released in early 1963, the Beatles had become famous and Beatlemania had arrived.[29] The band's second album, With the Beatles (1963), included Harrison's first solo writing credit, for "Don't Bother Me".[30]
By 1965's Rubber Soul, Harrison had begun to lead the other Beatles into folk-rock through his interest in the Byrds and Bob Dylan,[31] and towards Indian classical music through his use of the sitar on "Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)".[32][33][nb 2] The 1966 album Revolver included three of his compositions: "Taxman", "Love You To" and "I Want to Tell You".[32][36] His introduction of the drone-like tambura part on Lennon's "Tomorrow Never Knows" exemplified the band's ongoing exploration of non-Western instruments.[37] The tabla-driven "Love You To" was the Beatles' first genuine foray into Indian music; Harrison played sitar and tambura on the recording.[38] According to ethnomusicologist David Reck, the song set a precedent in popular music as an example of Asian culture being represented by Westerners respectfully and without parody.[39] Harrison contributed other musical ideas to Revolver, including the addition of backwards guitar on the Lennon composition "I'm Only Sleeping".[40][nb 3]
By late 1966, Harrison's interests were moving outside the Beatles, as reflected in his choice of Eastern gurus and religious leaders for inclusion on the album cover for Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band in 1967.[43] His sole composition on the album was the Indian-inspired "Within You Without You", to which no other Beatle contributed.[44][45] Harrison played sitar and tambura on the track, backed by musicians from the London Asian Music Centre on dilruba, swarmandal and tabla.[46][nb 4] Harrison continued to develop his interest in non-Western instrumentation, playing swarmandal on "Strawberry Fields Forever" and tambura on "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds".[48][nb 5] He later commented on the Sgt Pepper album: "It was a millstone and a milestone in the music industry ... There's about half the songs I like and the other half I can't stand."[50]
In 1968, Harrison's song "The Inner Light" was recorded at the EMI Studios location in Bombay, featuring a group of local musicians playing traditional Indian instruments.[51] Released as the B-side to McCartney's "Lady Madonna", it was the first Harrison composition to appear on a Beatles single.[51][nb 6] During the recording of The Beatles in 1968, tensions ran high in the band, with drummer Ringo Starr briefly quitting.[55] Harrison's songwriting contributions to the album included "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", which featured Eric Clapton on lead guitar, "Piggies", "Long, Long, Long", and "Savoy Truffle".[56]
Tensions among the Beatles surfaced again during the filming of rehearsals at Twickenham Studios in January 1969 for what became the album Let It Be.[57][nb 7] Frustrated by the poor working conditions in the cold and sterile film studio, as well as by what he perceived as Lennon's creative disengagement from the Beatles and a domineering attitude from McCartney, Harrison left the band on 10 January.[60] Following negotiations with the other Beatles, he agreed to return twelve days later.[61]
Relations among the Beatles were more cordial, though still strained, during the recording sessions for Abbey Road, the band's final recorded album.[62] The LP included two of Harrison's most respected Beatles compositions: "Here Comes the Sun" and "Something".[63][nb 8] "Something" became one half of the Beatles' first double-sided number one single, Harrison's first A-side, and his first chart topper.[65] Lennon considered it the best song on Abbey Road,[66] and it became the Beatles' second most covered song after "Yesterday".[67] By 1969, Harrison had matched Lennon and McCartney's songwriting abilities. Author Peter Lavezzoli wrote: "Harrison would finally achieve equal songwriting status ... with his two classic contributions to the final Beatles' LP".[68]
In April 1970, when "The Long and Winding Road" was released in America as a double A-side with Harrison's "For You Blue", it became the band's second chart-topping double A-side and "For You Blue" became Harrison's second number one hit.[69] His increased productivity, and the Beatles' reluctance to include his songs on their albums, meant that by the end of the band's career he had amassed a stockpile of unreleased compositions.[70] While Harrison grew as a songwriter, his compositional presence on Beatles albums was generally limited to two songs, and this was a major contributing factor to the band's split.[71] Harrison's last recording session with the band prior to their break-up was on 4 January 1970, when he, McCartney and Starr recorded the Harrison song "I Me Mine".[72]
Solo career: 1968–87
Early solo work: 1968–70
Before the Beatles' break-up in April 1970, Harrison had already recorded and released two solo albums, Wonderwall Music and Electronic Sound, both of which featured mainly instrumental compositions. Wonderwall Music, which blended Indian and Western sounds,[73] was a soundtrack to the 1968 film Wonderwall, while Electronic Sound was an experiment in using a Moog synthesizer.[74][nb 9]
Harrison's music projects during the final years of the Beatles included producing Apple Records artists Billy Preston and Doris Troy. According to Harrison biographer Simon Leng, "working with Preston cemented Harrison's interest in soul music and gave him firsthand experience of gospel power, which seemed a natural partner to Krishna power."[78] In December 1969, three months after the release of Abbey Road, Harrison joined the American group Delaney & Bonnie and Friends for a brief tour of Europe.[79][nb 10] Band leader Delaney Bramlett introduced Harrison to slide guitar, significantly influencing his subsequent music.[81][82]
All Things Must Pass: 1970
After years of being restricted in his songwriting contributions to the Beatles, Harrison released All Things Must Pass. It was a triple album,[83] with two discs of his songs and the third of recordings of Harrison jamming with friends.[70][74] The album is regarded by many as his best work; it topped the charts on both sides of the Atlantic.[84][85][nb 11] The LP produced the number-one hit single "My Sweet Lord" and the top-ten single "What Is Life".[87] Dylan proved a significant influence on the album, which begins with the Dylan-Harrison collaboration, "I'd Have You Anytime".[88] The album also includes Harrison's cover of Dylan's "If Not for You", with the first recording of Harrison playing slide guitar.[89] The album was co-produced by Phil Spector using his "Wall of Sound" approach,[90] and the musicians included Starr, Clapton, Gary Wright, Preston, Klaus Voormann, the whole of Delaney and Bonnie's Friends band and the Apple group Badfinger.[70][91][nb 12] In a review for Rolling Stone magazine, Ben Gerson described All Things Must Pass as being "of classic Spectorian proportions, Wagnerian, Brucknerian, the music of mountain tops and vast horizons."[93] Inglis described "Isn't It a Pity" as "one of the album's outstanding tracks", drawing a connection with the song's lyrics and Harrison's feelings about the break-up of the Beatles,[94] and described the lyrics of the album's title track as "a recognition of the impermanence of human existence ... a simple and poignant conclusion" to Harrison's former band.[95]
Harrison was later sued for copyright infringement over "My Sweet Lord" due to its similarity to the 1963 Chiffons song "He's So Fine".[96] He denied deliberately plagiarizing the song, but lost the court case in 1976, as the judge ruled that he had done so subconsciously.[97][nb 13]
The Concert for Bangladesh: 1971–72
Responding to a request from Ravi Shankar, Harrison organized a charity event, the Concert for Bangladesh, on 1 August 1971, drawing over 40,000 people to two shows in New York's Madison Square Garden.[100] The goal of the event was to raise money to aid starving refugees during the Bangladesh Liberation War.[101][nb 14] The concert featured popular musicians such as Dylan, who rarely appeared live in the early 1970s, Clapton, Leon Russell, Badfinger, Preston and Starr. A triple album, The Concert for Bangladesh was released by Apple Corps that year, followed by the concert film in 1972. Tax troubles and questionable expenses later tied up many of the proceeds,[102][103] but Harrison commented: "Mainly the concert was to attract attention to the situation ... The money we raised was secondary, and although we had some money problems ... they still got plenty ... even though it was a drop in the ocean. The main thing was, we spread the word and helped get the war ended."[104] The event has been described as an innovative precursor to the high-profile charity rock shows that followed, including Live Aid.[104]
Living in the Material World to George Harrison: 1972–79
Living in the Material World (1973) held the number one spot on the US album chart for five weeks and reached number two in the UK, and the album's single, "Give Me Love (Give Me Peace on Earth)" reached number one in the US and the top ten in the UK, though neither could match the sales of All Things Must Pass and "My Sweet Lord".[105] The album was lavishly produced and packaged, and its dominant message was Harrison's Hindu beliefs.[106]
Dark Horse (1974) received harsh reviews, as did his accompanying tour of North America.[107][108] Harrison was criticized for poor songwriting and poor vocals on the album, the latter owing to a recent case of laryngitis,[109][110] and for overindulging co-headliner Shankar's Indian music during the tour.[111][112] The album and single "Dark Horse" made a brief appearance near the top of the US charts, but failed to chart in the UK.[113]
Harrison's final studio album for EMI and Apple Records was the soul music-inspired Extra Texture (Read All About It) (1975).[114] Harrison released two singles from the LP, "You", which reached the Billboard top 20, and "This Guitar (Can't Keep from Crying)", Apple's final original single release.[115] The Best of George Harrison (1976) combined several of his Beatles songs with a selection of his solo Apple work.[116][nb 15]
Thirty Three & 1/3 (1976), Harrison's first album release on his own Dark Horse Records label, produced the hit singles "This Song" and "Crackerbox Palace", both of which reached the top 25 in the US.[118][nb 16] With an emphasis on melody, musicianship and a more subtle subject matter than the pious message of his earlier works, Thirty Three & 1/3 earned Harrison his most favourable critical notices in the US since All Things Must Pass.[119][nb 17] In 1979, following his second marriage and the birth of his son Dhani, he released George Harrison. The album and the single "Blow Away" both made the Billboard top 20.[120][nb 18]
Somewhere in England to Cloud Nine: 1980–87
The murder of Lennon on 8 December 1980 disturbed Harrison[125] and reinforced his decades-long concerns about safety from stalkers. It was also a deep personal loss, although unlike McCartney and Starr, Harrison had had little contact with Lennon in the years before his death. Their estrangement had been marked by Harrison's longstanding dislike of Lennon's wife Yoko Ono, his refusal to allow her to participate in the Concert for Bangladesh, and, during the last year of Lennon's life, by Harrison's scant mention of Lennon in his autobiography, I, Me, Mine.[126][127] The omission upset Lennon; Harrison regretted this and left a telephone message for Lennon, but Lennon did not return the call and they did not speak again.[125] Following the murder, Harrison commented: "After all we went through together I had and still have great love and respect for John Lennon. I am shocked and stunned."[125]
Harrison modified the lyrics of a song he had written for Starr to make it a tribute song to Lennon.[128] "All Those Years Ago", which included vocal contributions from Paul and Linda McCartney, as well as Starr's original drum part, peaked at number two in the US charts.[129][130] The single was included on the album Somewhere in England in 1981.[131][nb 19] Harrison released no new albums for five years after 1982's Gone Troppo received little notice from critics and the public.[133]
In October 1985, Harrison performed at a tribute to Carl Perkins. He appeared with Starr, Clapton and others.[134] The show was titled Blue Suede Shoes: A Rockabilly Session, and Harrison's set included "That's Alright Mama", "Glad All Over" and "Blue Suede Shoes".[135] On 15 March 1986, Harrison made a surprise appearance at the Birmingham Heart Beat Charity Concert 1986, an event organized by Electric Light Orchestra drummer Bex Beven to raise money for the Birmingham Children's Hospital. Harrison shared lead vocals on "Money (That's What I Want)" and "Johnny B. Goode" with Robert Plant and Denny Laine.[136] The following year, he appeared at The Prince's Trust concert, held at London's Wembley Arena, performing "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" and "Here Comes the Sun" with Starr, Clapton and others.[137][nb 20]
In 1987, Harrison released the platinum album Cloud Nine.[139][140] Co-produced with Jeff Lynne of Electric Light Orchestra, the LP included Harrison's rendition of James Ray's "Got My Mind Set on You", which went to number one in the US and number two in the UK.[141][142] The accompanying music video received substantial airplay,[143] and another single, "When We Was Fab", a retrospective of the Beatles' career, received two MTV Music Video Awards nominations in 1988.[144] Cloud Nine reached number eight and number ten on the US and UK charts respectively.[141][nb 21]
HandMade Films: 1978–94
In 1978, Harrison and his business manager Denis O'Brien formed the film production and distribution company HandMade Films.[145] Created to complete Life of Brian it raised £2 million after EMI Films, the original financiers, withdrew their funding owing to the film's controversial content.[145]
The first film produced by the company was Time Bandits (1981), a solo project by Monty Python's Terry Gilliam with a soundtrack song by Harrison.[146] He served as producer for 23 films with HandMade, including Mona Lisa, Shanghai Surprise and Withnail and I. He made several cameo appearances in these films, including a role as a nightclub singer in Shanghai Surprise, for which he recorded five new songs.[147] According to author and musicologist Ian Inglis, Harrison's "executive role in HandMade Films helped to sustain British cinema at a time of crisis, producing some of the country's most memorable movies of the 1980s."[148] A series of box office bombs in the late 1980s caused HandMade to cease operations in 1991, and the company was sold in 1994.[149]
Later life: 1988–2001
In October 1989, Harrison released Best of Dark Horse 1976–1989, a compilation of his later solo work.[150][nb 22] In December 1991, Harrison and Clapton began a tour of Japan.[155] It was Harrison's first tour since 1974, and no others followed.[156][nb 23] On 6 April 1992, Harrison held a benefit concert for the Natural Law Party at the Royal Albert Hall, his first London performance since the Beatles' 1969 rooftop concert.[158] In October 1992, he performed at a Bob Dylan tribute concert at Madison Square Garden in New York City, playing alongside Dylan, Clapton, McGuinn, Tom Petty and Neil Young.[159][160] On 14 December 1992, Harrison played in a memorial concert at the Universal Amphitheater in Los Angeles for Toto drummer Jeff Porcaro.[161][nb 24]
In 1996, he recorded "Distance Makes No Difference With Love" with Carl Perkins.[162] Harrison's final television appearance was to promote Chants of India, a collaboration with Ravi Shankar released in 1997.[163] In January 1998, Harrison attended Perkins's funeral in Jackson, Tennessee, performing a brief rendition of Perkins's song "Your True Love".[164] In June 1998, he attended the public memorial service for Linda McCartney, and appeared on Starr's album Vertical Man, playing electric and slide guitars on two tracks.[165]
Harrison's final album, the posthumous Brainwashed (2002), was completed by his son Dhani and Jeff Lynne. A media-only single, "Stuck Inside a Cloud", achieved number 27 on Billboard's Adult Contemporary chart.[166] The single "Any Road", released in May 2003, reached number 37 on the UK Singles Chart.[142] "Marwa Blues" went on to receive the 2004 Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance, while "Any Road" was nominated for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance.[167][nb 25]
The Traveling Wilburys: 1988–90
In 1988, Harrison formed the Traveling Wilburys with Jeff Lynne, Roy Orbison, Bob Dylan and Tom Petty. The group had gathered in Dylan's garage to record a song for a projected Harrison European single release.[172][173] Harrison's record company decided the track, "Handle With Care", was too good for its original purpose as a B-side and asked for a full album. The LP, Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1, was released in October 1988 and recorded under pseudonyms as half-brothers, supposed sons of Charles Truscott Wilbury, Sr..[174][175][nb 26]
After Orbison's death in December 1988 the group recorded as a four-piece.[177] Their second release was mischievously titled Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3. According to Lynne, "That was George's idea. He said, 'Let's confuse the buggers.'"[178] It reached number 14 in the UK, where it went platinum with a certified sales of more than 3,000,000 units.[179] The Wilburys never performed live and the group did not record together again following the release of their second album.[180]
The Beatles Anthology: 1994–96
In 1994, Harrison began a collaboration with the surviving former Beatles and Traveling Wilburys producer Jeff Lynne for the Beatles Anthology project. This included the recording of two new Beatles songs built around solo vocal and piano tapes recorded by Lennon as well as lengthy interviews about the Beatles' career.[181] Released in December 1995, "Free as a Bird" was the first new Beatles single since 1970.[182][183] They released a second single, "Real Love", in March 1996 before Harrison refused to participate in the completion of a third song.[184] He later commented on the project: "I hope somebody does this to all my crap demos when I'm dead, make them into hit songs."[185] According to biographer Elliot Huntley, during the process of assembling The Beatles Anthology book (2000), Harrison purged himself of any lingering bitterness about the band's break-up.[186]
Cancer diagnosis, knife attack, illness and death: 1997–2001
Harrison was diagnosed with throat cancer in mid-1997. He was treated with radiotherapy, which was thought at the time to be successful.[187] On 30 December 1999, 36-year-old Michael Abram broke into the Harrisons' Friar Park home and attacked Harrison with a kitchen knife, puncturing a lung and causing head injuries before Olivia Harrison incapacitated the assailant by striking him repeatedly with a poker and a lamp.[187][188] Following the attack, Harrison was hospitalized with more than forty stab wounds. He released a statement soon after stating that his assailant, "wasn't a burglar, and he certainly wasn't auditioning for the Traveling Wilburys."[189][nb 27]
In May 2001, it was revealed that he had undergone an operation to remove a cancerous growth from one of his lungs,[193] and in July, it was reported that he was being treated for a brain tumour at a clinic in Switzerland.[194] While in Switzerland, Starr visited him, but had to cut his stay short in order to travel to Los Angeles where his daughter was undergoing emergency brain surgery, prompting Harrison to quip: "Do you want me to come with you?".[195] In November 2001, he began radiotherapy at Staten Island University Hospital in New York City for lung cancer that had spread to his brain.[196] When the news was publicized, Harrison bemoaned his physician's breach of his right to privacy, and his estate later claimed for damages.[nb 28] On 12 November, the three living Beatles met for the last time for a luncheon at Harrison's hotel in New York.[202]
Harrison died on 29 November 2001, aged 58, from metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.[203] He was cremated at Hollywood Forever Cemetery and his ashes were scattered at Varanasi, India, in the Ganges, Saraswati and Yamuna Rivers by his close family in a private ceremony according to Hindu tradition.[204][205][206] He left almost £100 million in his will.[207][nb 29]
Musicianship
Guitar work
He was clearly an innovator: George, to me, was taking certain elements of R&B and rock and rockabilly and creating something unique.[209]
—Eric Clapton
Harrison's guitar work with the Beatles typified the more subdued lead guitar style of the early 1960s, rejecting the technically difficult and flashy playing that had gained popularity by the end of the decade.[210] Rolling Stone founder Jann Wenner described Harrison as "a guitarist who was never showy but who had an innate, eloquent melodic sense. He played exquisitely in the service of the song".[211] The influence of the plucking guitar style of Chet Atkins and Carl Perkins on Harrison gave a country music feel to many of the Beatles' early recordings.[212] He listed his early influences as Carl Perkins and Chuck Berry and also identified Ry Cooder as an important later influence.[213]
Harrison's use of a Rickenbacker 360/12 during the recording of A Hard Day's Night helped to popularize the model,[214] and the jangly sound became so prominent that Melody Maker termed it "the beat boys' secret weapon".[215][nb 30] Harrison's guitar work on Abbey Road, and in particular on his song "Something", marked a significant moment in his musical development. The song's guitar solo shows a varied range of influences, incorporating the blues guitar style of Clapton and Indian gamakas.[217] According to author and musicologist Kenneth Womack: "'Something' meanders toward the most unforgettable of Harrison's guitar solos, the song's greatest lyrical feature—even more lyrical, interestingly enough, than the lyrics themselves. A masterpiece in simplicity, [it] reaches toward the sublime".[218] Harrison received an Ivor Novello award in July 1970 for "Something", as "The Best Song Musically and Lyrically of the Year".[219] Musicologist and author Walter Everett described Harrison's guitar work from "Old Brown Shoe" as "stinging [and] highly Claptonesque".[220] Harrison biographer Elliot Huntley described the song as "a sizzling rocker with a ferocious ... solo."[221]
Musician David Bromberg introduced Harrison to the dobro, an instrument that soon became one of his favourites.[89][nb 31] After being introduced to the slide guitar by Delaney Bramlett, Harrison began to incorporate the instrument into his solo work. His use of it allowed him to mimic many traditional Indian instruments, including the sarangi and the dilruba.[223] In 1971, he played a slide guitar solo on Lennon's "How Do You Sleep?" that Leng described as "rightly famed".[224] Lennon commented: "That's the best he's ever fucking played in his life."[224]
Author Peter Lavezzoli described Harrison's slide playing on the Grammy-winning instrumental "Marwa Blues": "Along with its Hawaiian flavor, the melody sounds as though it could have been played by a sarod or vina, and is yet another demonstration of Harrison's unique slide approach".[204] A significant Hawaiian influence is notable in much of Harrison's music, ranging from his slide guitar work on the 1982 album Gone Troppo[225] to his recording of the Cab Calloway song "Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea" on ukulele during a televised performance with Jools Holland.
An admirer of George Formby and a member of the Ukulele Society of Great Britain, Harrison played an ukulele solo in the style of Formby at the end of "Free as a Bird".[226][nb 32] Harrison played bass guitar on numerous tracks, such as on the Beatles' songs "She Said She Said", "Golden Slumbers", "Birthday", and "Honey Pie".[228] He also played bass guitar on several solo recordings, including "Faster", "Wake Up My Love", and "Bye Bye Love".[229]
Songwriting
Harrison wrote his first song published with the Beatles, "Don't Bother Me", while sick in a hotel bed in Bournemouth during August 1963, as "an exercise to see if I could write a song", as he remembered.[230] "Don't Bother Me" appeared on the band's second British album, With the Beatles, later that year, then on Meet the Beatles! in the US in early 1964.[231][nb 33] In 1965 he contributed "I Need You" and "You Like Me Too Much" to the album Help!.[236][237]
Harrison's songwriting ability improved through the years, but his material did not earn full respect from his fellow Beatles until near the group's break-up. In 1969, McCartney told Lennon: "Until this year, our songs have been better than George's. Now this year his songs are at least as good as ours".[238] Harrison often had difficulty getting the band to record his songs.[239][71] Most Beatles albums contain at least two Harrison compositions, and there are three of his songs on the 1966 Revolver LP, "the album on which Harrison came of age as a songwriter", wrote musicologist and author Ian Inglis.[240]
Of the 1967 Harrison song "Within You Without You", author Gerry Farrell claimed that Harrison had created a "new form", calling the composition: "a quintessential fusion of pop and Indian music."[241] Lennon called the song one of Harrison's best: "His mind and his music are clear. There is his innate talent, he brought that sound together."[242] Beatles biographer Bob Spitz described "Something" as a masterpiece: "an intensely stirring romantic ballad that would challenge 'Yesterday' and 'Michelle' as one of the most recognizable songs they ever produced."[243] According to Womack: "Harrison comes into his own on Abbey Road ... "Here Comes the Sun" is matched—indeed, surpassed—only by 'Something', his crowning achievement".[218] Inglis considered Abbey Road a turning point in Harrison's development as a songwriter and musician. He described Harrison's contributions to the LP as "exquisite", declaring them equal to any previous Beatles songs. During the album's recording, Harrison asserted more creative control than before, proactively rejecting suggestions for changes to his music or lyrics, particularly from McCartney.[244][nb 34]
Indian music proved a strong influence on Harrison's songwriting, and his interest in it contributed to his musical innovation within the Beatles. According to Rolling Stone: "Harrison's openness to new sounds and textures cleared new paths for his rock and roll compositions. His use of dissonance on ... 'Taxman' and 'I Want to Tell You' was revolutionary in popular music – and perhaps more originally creative than the avant-garde mannerisms that Lennon and McCartney borrowed from the music of Karlheinz Stockhausen, Luciano Berio, Edgar Varese and Igor Stravinsky in the same period."[247] In 1997, author Gerry Farrell commented: "It is a mark of Harrison's sincere involvement ... that, nearly thirty years on, the Beatles' 'Indian' songs remain the most imaginative and successful examples of this type of fusion."[248][nb 35]
Guitars
When Harrison joined the Quarrymen in 1958, his main guitar was a Höfner President Acoustic, which he soon exchanged for a Höfner Club 40 model.[250] Harrison's first solid-body electric guitar was a Czech-built Jolana Futurama/Grazioso.[251] The guitars Harrison used on early recordings were mainly Gretsch models, played through a Vox amplifier.[252] He used a variety of Gretsch guitars throughout his career, including a Gretsch Duo Jet that he bought secondhand in 1961 in Liverpool, and with which he posed for the cover of the album Cloud Nine.[253] He also bought a Gretsch Tennessean and a Gretsch Country Gentleman, the first of two that he went on to own, new for £234 in April 1963 at the Sound City store in London. He used the Gretsch Country Gentleman on "She Loves You", and in the Beatles' 1964 appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show.[253][254] Also in 1963, while visiting his sister in the US, Harrison purchased a Rickenbacker 425 Fireglo.[255]
During the Beatles' trip to the US in 1964, Harrison acquired a Rickenbacker 360/12 guitar.[256][nb 36] Harrison obtained his first Fender Stratocaster in 1965 and used it for the recording of Rubber Soul, and on the Beatles' song "Nowhere Man".[257] In early 1966, Harrison, Lennon, and McCartney each purchased Epiphone Casinos, which they all used on Revolver.[258] In addition to the Casino and the Stratocaster, Harrison also used a Gibson J-160E and a Gibson SG Standard while recording the album.[259]
Harrison later painted his Stratocaster in a psychedelic design that included the word "Bebopalula" above the pickguard and the guitar's nickname, "Rocky", on the headstock.[260] He played this guitar in the Magical Mystery Tour film and throughout his solo career.[261] In mid-1968, Harrison acquired a Gibson Les Paul that he later nicknamed "Lucy".[262] Around this time he also bought a Gibson Jumbo J-200, possibly from Bob Dylan, which Harrison used for his early demos of "While My Guitar Gently Weeps".[263] In late 1968, Fender Musical Instruments Corporation gave Harrison a custom made Fender Telecaster Rosewood prototype, assembled especially for him by a Fender master builder who also crafted a prototype Stratocaster for Jimi Hendrix.[264]
Sitar and Indian music
During the Beatles' American tour in August 1965, Harrison's friend David Crosby of the Byrds introduced him to Indian classical music and the work of sitar maestro Ravi Shankar.[265][266] Harrison became fascinated with the instrument, immersed himself in Indian music and played a pivotal role in expanding the emerging interest in the sitar and Indian music in the West.[267] According to author Peter Lavezzoli, Harrison's introduction of sitar: "opened the floodgates for Indian instrumentation in rock music, triggering what Shankar would call 'The Great Sitar Explosion' of 1966–67."[268] Lavezzoli described Harrison as "the man most responsible for this phenomenon ... the tidal wave of Western infatuation with Indian music".[269]
In June 1966, Harrison met Shankar at the home of Mrs Angadi of the Asian Music Circle, asked to be his student, and was accepted.[270][nb 37] On 6 July 1966 Harrison travelled to India to buy a sitar from Rikhi Ram & Sons in New Delhi.[270] Lavezzoli described Harrison's sitar playing on the Revolver track "Love You To" as an "astonishing improvement" over "Norwegian Wood" and "the most accomplished performance on sitar by any rock musician."[271] After the Beatles' final tour, Harrison returned to India in September 1966 to study sitar with Shankar.[270] Harrison initially stayed in Bombay, then moved to a houseboat on a remote lake where Shankar taught him for six weeks.[270] After Shankar, Harrison received sitar tutelage from Shambhu Das.[272]
In addition to popularizing Indian music in general, Harrison's befriending of Shankar helped to raise the Indian musician's profile in the West. "I was known very well and quite famous in the classical sense," Shankar later said, "but meeting George ... that created such a tremendous [interest] all over the world ... Which helped me to become like a pop star".[273] Shankar's appearance at the Concert for Bangladesh, and several years earlier at Woodstock and the Monterey Pop Festival, led to Indian classical music reaching a larger audience than ever before.[274][nb 38]
Personal life
Hinduism
Harrison over time became an admirer of Indian culture and mysticism, introducing it to the other Beatles.[275] During the filming of Help! in the Bahamas, the Beatles met Swami Vishnu-devananda, founder of Sivananda Yoga, who gave each member of the band a signed copy of his book The Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga.[276] While on pilgrimage to Bombay with his wife Pattie, Harrison studied sitar, met several gurus and visited various holy places, between the end of the final Beatles tour in 1966 and the start of the Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band recording sessions. In 1968, Harrison travelled to Rishikesh in northern India with the other Beatles to study meditation with Maharishi Mahesh Yogi.[277][nb 39]
Harrison became a vegetarian in the late 1960s,[279] and was a devotee of the Indian mystic Paramahansa Yogananda.[280][nb 40] In mid-1969, he produced the single "Hare Krishna Mantra", performed by the devotees of the London Radha Krishna Temple. The same year, he and Lennon met A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Soon afterwards, Harrison embraced the Hare Krishna tradition (particularly japa-yoga chanting with beads), and became a lifelong devotee.[282] In 1972, Harrison bequeathed to the International Society for Krishna Consciousness his Letchmore Heath mansion north of London. It was later converted to a temple and renamed Bhaktivedanta Manor.[283] Harrison respected people of other faiths and believed in a united holy cause; he once remarked: "All religions are branches of one big tree. It doesn't matter what you call Him just as long as you call."[284]
Prior to Harrison's religious conversion, the only British performer known for similar activities had been Cliff Richard, whose conversion to Christianity in 1966 had gone largely unnoticed by the public. "By contrast," wrote Inglis, "Harrison's spiritual journey was seen as a serious and important development that reflected popular music's increasing maturity ... what he, and the Beatles had managed to overturn was the paternalistic assumption that popular musicians had no role other than to stand on stage and sing their hit songs."[285] Leng called Harrison the "single-handed catalyst for a generation's interest in Indian culture."[286]
Family, friends and interests
Harrison married model Pattie Boyd on 21 January 1966, with McCartney as best man.[287] Harrison and Boyd had met in 1964 during the production of the film A Hard Day's Night, in which the 19-year-old Boyd had been cast as a schoolgirl.[288] They separated in 1974[289] and their divorce was finalized in 1977.[290] Boyd subsequently moved in with Clapton and they married in 1979.[291]
Harrison married Dark Horse Records secretary Olivia Trinidad Arias on 2 September 1978. They had met at the Dark Horse offices in Los Angeles in 1974, and together had one son, Dhani Harrison, born on 1 August 1978.
Harrison described Ravi Shankar as: "the first person who ever impressed me in my life ... and he was the only person who didn't try to impress me."[292] Harrison had formed a close friendship with Clapton in the late 1960s, and they co-wrote the song "Badge", which was released on Cream's Goodbye album in 1969.[293] He also played rhythm guitar on the song, using the pseudonym "L'Angelo Misterioso" for contractual reasons.[294][nb 41] Harrison wrote one of his compositions for the Abbey Road album, "Here Comes the Sun", in Clapton's back garden.[296] Through his appreciation of Monty Python he met Eric Idle and the two became close friends; Idle performed Python's "Lumberjack Song" at the Concert for George in 2002 to commemorate Harrison.[208]
Harrison restored the English manor house and grounds of Friar Park, his home in Henley-on-Thames.[297][nb 42] Several of his music videos were filmed there, including "Crackerbox Palace", and the grounds also served as the background for the cover of All Things Must Pass. He employed ten workers to maintain the 36-acre (150,000 m2) garden.[299] His autobiography, I, Me, Mine, is dedicated "to gardeners everywhere".[300][301][nb 43] He commented on the hobby as a form of escapism: "Sometimes I feel like I'm actually on the wrong planet, and it's great when I'm in my garden, but the minute I go out the gate I think: 'What the hell am I doing here?'"[304][nb 44]
Harrison had an interest in sports cars and motor racing; he was one of the 100 people who purchased the McLaren F1 road car.[306] He had collected photos of racing drivers and their cars since he was young; at 12 he had attended his first race, the 1955 British Grand Prix at Aintree.[306][307] He wrote "Faster" as a tribute to the Formula One racing drivers Jackie Stewart and Ronnie Peterson. Proceeds from its release went to the Gunnar Nilsson cancer charity, set up following the Swedish driver's death from the disease in 1978.[308] Harrison's first extravagant car, a 1964 Aston Martin DB5, sold at auction on 7 December 2011 in London. An anonymous Beatles collector paid £350,000 for the vehicle that Harrison had bought new in January 1965.[309]
Relationships with the other Beatles
For most of the Beatles' career, the relationships in the group were close. According to Hunter Davies, "the Beatles spent their lives not living a communal life, but communally living the same life. They were each other's greatest friends." Harrison's wife Pattie Boyd described how the Beatles "all belonged to each other" and admitted, "George has a lot with the others that I can never know about. Nobody, not even the wives, can break through or even comprehend it."[310]
Starr said, "We really looked out for each other and we had so many laughs together. In the old days we'd have the biggest hotel suites, the whole floor of the hotel, and the four of us would end up in the bathroom, just to be with each other". He added, "there were some really loving, caring moments between four people: a hotel room here and there – a really amazing closeness. Just four guys who loved each other. It was pretty sensational."[311]
Lennon stated that his relationship with Harrison was "one of young follower and older guy", and stated that he "was like a disciple of mine when we started."[312] Later, the two bonded over their LSD experiences, finding common ground as seekers of spirituality. They took radically different paths thereafter, Harrison finding God and Lennon coming to the conclusion that people are the creators of their own lives.[313] Harrison said that Lennon: "was both a saint and a bastard".[314]
McCartney and Harrison were the first of the Beatles to meet, having shared a school bus, and often learned and rehearse new guitar chords together.[315] McCartney stated that he and Harrison usually shared a bedroom while touring.[316] McCartney was best man at Harrison's wedding in 1966, and was the only Beatle in attendance.[317] McCartney has referred to Harrison as his "baby brother".[318] In a 1974 BBC radio interview with Alan Freeman, Harrison stated: "[McCartney] ruined me as a guitar player".[319] Perhaps the most significant obstacle to a Beatles reunion after the death of Lennon was Harrison and McCartney's personal relationship, as both men admitted that they often got on each other's nerves.[320] Author Robert Rodriguez commented: "even to the end of George's days, theirs was a volatile relationship".[321]
Humanitarian work
Harrison was involved in humanitarian and political activism throughout his life. In the 1960s, the Beatles showed support for the civil rights movement and protested against the Vietnam War. Following the band's break-up, Ravi Shankar consulted Harrison about how to provide aid to the people of Bangladesh after the 1970 Bhola Cyclone and the Bangladesh Liberation War.[322] Harrison recorded the song "Bangla Desh", and pushed Apple Records to release his song alongside Shankar's "Joy Bangla" in an effort to raise funds.[323] Shankar then asked for Harrison's advice about planning a small charity event in the US. Harrison responded by organizing the Concert for Bangladesh, which raised more than $240,000.[324][322][325][nb 45]
The George Harrison Humanitarian Fund for UNICEF is a joint effort between the Harrison family and the US Fund for UNICEF, that aims to support programmes to help children caught in humanitarian emergencies.[327] In December 2007, they donated $450,000 for relief and recovery efforts for the victims of Cyclone Sidr in Bangladesh.[327] On 13 October 2009, the first George Harrison Humanitarian Award went to Ravi Shankar for his efforts in saving the lives of children, and his involvement with the Concert for Bangladesh.[328]
Legacy
Harrison was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) along with the other Beatles in 1965. They received their insignia from the Queen at an investiture at Buckingham Palace on 26 October.[329] In 1971, the Beatles received an Academy Award for the best Original Song Score for the film Let It Be.[330] The minor planet 4149 Harrison, discovered in 1984, was named after Harrison.[331] In December 1992, he became the first recipient of the Billboard Century Award –- an honour presented to music artists for significant bodies of work.[332] Harrison is listed at number 11 in Rolling Stone magazine's list of "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".[333]
Harrison was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a solo artist on 15 March 2004 by his former bandmates Lynne and Petty,[334] and into the Madison Square Garden Walk of Fame on 1 August 2006 for the Concert for Bangladesh.[335] On 14 April 2009, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce awarded Harrison a star on the Walk of Fame in front of the Capitol Records Building. McCartney, Lynne and Petty were present when the star was unveiled. Harrison's widow Olivia, actor Tom Hanks and comedian Eric Idle made speeches at the ceremony, and Harrison's son Dhani uttered the Hare Krishna mantra.[336]
In October 2011, a documentary titled George Harrison: Living in the Material World and directed by Martin Scorsese was released. The film featured interviews with McCartney, Ono, Starr, Clapton, Petty, drummer Jim Keltner and former Beatles producer George Martin, as well as with Harrison's family and personal friends.[337]
Discography
- Wonderwall Music (1968)
- Electronic Sound (1969)
- All Things Must Pass (1970)
- Living in the Material World (1973)
- Dark Horse (1974)
- Extra Texture (Read All About It) (1975)
- Thirty Three & 1/3 (1976)
- George Harrison (1979)
- Somewhere in England (1981)
- Gone Troppo (1982)
- Cloud Nine (1987)
- Brainwashed (2002)
Notes
- ^ Some published sources give Harold as Harrison's middle name.[1] Others dispute that, based on the absence of any middle name on his birth certificate.[2]
- ^ Harrison also contributed the song "If I Needed Someone" to Rubber Soul.[34] He later called Rubber Soul his "favourite [Beatles] album"[35]
- ^ Further examples of Indian instrumentation from Harrison during his Beatles years include his tambura part on McCartney's "Getting Better",[41] and sitar and tambura on Lennon's "Across the Universe" (1968).[42]
- ^ In November 1967, Juan Mascaró, a University of Cambridge academic, and an authority on ancient Hindu texts, wrote to Harrison: "['Within You Without You'] is a moving song and may it move the souls of millions; and there is more to come, as you are only beginning on the great journey."[47]
- ^ Harrison's guitar part for "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" mirrors Lennon's vocal line in much the same way that a sarangi player accompanies a khyal singer in a Hindu devotional song.[49]
- ^ Built around a quotation from the Tao Te Ching supplied to Harrison by Mascaró,[52] the song's lyric reflected Harrison's deepening interest in Hinduism and meditation,[53] while musically it embraced the Karnatak discipline of Indian music, rather than the Hindustani style of his previous work in the genre.[54]
- ^ Dylan and the Band were major musical influences on Harrison during the last two years of the Beatles.[58] Harrison established a friendship with Dylan and found himself drawn to the Band's sense of communal music-making and to the creative equality among the band members,[59] in contrast with Lennon and McCartney's domination of the Beatles' songwriting and creative direction. The visit coincided with a prolific period in Harrison's songwriting and a growing desire to assert his independence from the band.[57]
- ^ In 1969, Frank Sinatra recorded "Something", and later dubbed it "the greatest love song of the past fifty years".[64]
- ^ Released in the US and the UK in November 1968, Wonderwall Music was the first solo album by a Beatle and the first LP released by Apple Records.[75]Indian musicians appearing on the album included Aashish Khan and Shivkumar Sharma.[76] It contained the experimental sound collage "Dream Scene", recorded several months before Lennon's "Revolution 9".[77]
- ^ During this tour, that included Clapton, Bobby Whitlock, drummer Jim Gordon and band leaders Delaney and Bonnie Bramlett, Harrison began to write "My Sweet Lord", which later became his first single as a solo artist.[80]
- ^ In July 2006, it was determined that All Things Must Pass should have been credited as a number one album in the United Kingdom when first released in 1970–71. Because some sales were not properly counted, the album originally peaked at number four in Britain.[86]
- ^ Early in the sessions, Clapton, Whitlock, Gordon and Carl Radle formed the short-lived band Derek and the Dominos.[92]
- ^ The dispute became complicated when Harrison's former manager Allen Klein bought the copyright to "He's So Fine" from the publishing firm Bright Tunes in 1978 for $587,000. In 1981, a district judge decided that Klein had acted improperly, and it was agreed that Harrison would pay back Klein the $587,000, and take over Bright Tunes, making him the owner of the rights to both songs and thus ending the copyright infringement claim. The dispute dragged on into the 1990s, but the district judge's decision was eventually upheld.[98][99]
- ^ Shankar opened the show, along with fellow Indian musicians Ali Akbar Khan and Alla Rakha.[101]
- ^ Following Harrison's departure from the label, Capitol could license releases featuring Beatles and post-Beatles work on the same album.[117]
- ^ "Thirty Three & 1/3" was produced by Tom Scott, with whom Harrison had collaborated earlier in the year on Scott's album New York Connection.[118]
- ^ The surreal humour of "Crackerbox Palace" reflected Harrison's association with Monty Python's Eric Idle, who directed a comical music video for the song.[119]
- ^ In addition to his own work, between 1971 and 1973 Harrison co-wrote or produced three top ten US and UK hits for Starr: "It Don't Come Easy", "Back Off Boogaloo" and "Photograph".[121] In 1971, Harrison played electric slide guitar on "How Do You Sleep?", from Lennon's Imagine album.[122] Also in 1971, Harrison produced and played slide guitar on Badfinger's top ten US and UK hit "Day After Day".[123] Harrison worked with Harry Nilsson on "You're Breakin' My Heart" (1972), with Cheech & Chong on "Basketball Jones" (1973), and "That's Life" (1975).[124]
- ^ In 1981, Harrison played guitar on one track of Mick Fleetwood's record The Visitor and on Lindsey Buckingham's song "Walk a Thin Line".[132]
- ^ On 1 May 1990, during Clapton's Journey Man Tour, Harrison joined him on stage at the L.A. Forum, performing "Crossroads" and "Sunshine of Your Love".[138]
- ^ Several tracks from Cloud Nine earned placement on Billboard's Mainstream Rock chart – "Devil's Radio", "This Is Love" and "Cloud 9".[141]
- ^ Best of Dark Horse 1976–1989 also included two new songs, "Poor Little Girl" and "Cockamamie Business", and "Cheer Down".[151] Harrison assembled the compilation himself.[152] In 1989, Harrison and Starr appeared in the music video for Tom Petty's song "I Won't Back Down".[150] Starr is filmed playing the drums, but did not play on the track; Harrison played acoustic guitar.[153] Also in 1989, Harrison played slide guitar on "Leave a Light On", from Belinda Carlisle's album Runaway Horses.[154]
- ^ In 1992, Dark Horse Records released an album of recorded material from the shows titled Live in Japan.[157]
- ^ The concert featured Boz Scaggs, Donald Fagen, Don Henley, Michael McDonald, David Crosby, Eddie Van Halen, and the surviving members of Toto. The proceeds of the concert established an educational trust fund for Porcaro's children.[161]
- ^ In 2001, Harrison performed slide guitar as a guest musician on the Electric Light Orchestra album Zoom,[168][169] and on the song "Love Letters" for Bill Wyman's Rhythm Kings.[170] He also co-wrote a new song with his son Dhani, "Horse to the Water", which was recorded on 1 October, eight weeks before his death. It appeared on Jools Holland's album Small World, Big Band.[171]
- ^ Harrison's pseudonym on the first album was "Nelson Wilbury"; he used the name "Spike Wilbury" for the Traveling Wilburys' second album.[176]
- ^ Abram, who believed he was possessed by Harrison and that he was on a mission from God to kill him,[190][191] was later acquitted of attempted murder on grounds of insanity and was detained for treatment in a secure hospital. He was released in 2002.[192]
- ^ Harrison's estate later complained that during a round of experimental radiotherapy at Staten Island University Hospital, the oncologist Dr. Gilbert Lederman repeatedly revealed Harrison's confidential medical information during television interviews and forced him to autograph a guitar.[197][198][199][200] The suit was ultimately settled out of court under the condition that the guitar be "disposed of".[201]
- ^ In 2002, on the first anniversary of his death, the Concert for George was held at the Royal Albert Hall. Clapton organized the concert, which included performances by many of Harrison's friends and musical collaborators, including McCartney and Starr. The profits from the concert went to Harrison's charity, the Material World Charitable Foundation.[208]
- ^ Roger McGuinn liked the effect Harrison achieved so much that it became his signature guitar sound with the Byrds.[216]
- ^ In 1971, Harrison played dobro on "Crippled Inside", from Lennon's Imagine album, and on Preston's "I Wrote a Simple Song".[222]
- ^ In addition to performing at a Formby convention in 1991, Harrison also served as the honorary president of the George Formby Appreciation Society.[227]
- ^ The Beatles had recorded the instrumental "Cry for a Shadow", a blues-inspired composition written by Lennon and Harrison, in 1961.[232] Harrison is credited with composing the song's lead guitar part, building on unusual chord voicings and imitating the style of other English groups such as the Shadows.[233] The song was not released until 1964, at the height of Beatlemania,[234] when Polydor issued a single with the Sheridan song "Why" as the B-side.[235]
- ^ Harrison co-wrote songs and music with Bob Dylan, Eric Clapton, Billy Preston, Doris Troy, David Bromberg, Gary Wright, Ronnie Wood, Jeff Lynne, and Tom Petty, among others.[245] By the mid-1970s, Harrison had shown signs of moving towards soul music with his compositions "Far East Man", "Ooh Baby (You Know That I Love You)", and "Pure Smokey".[246]
- ^ Harrison combined gospel music tradition with Hindu bhajan in his compositions: "My Sweet Lord", "Give Me Love", and "It Is 'He' (Jai Sri Krishna)".[249]
- ^ Harrison had tried out the 12-string electric guitar during an interview with a Minneapolis radio station, and was given the guitar either by the Rickenbacker company or the radio station.[256]
- ^ Shankar and Alla Rakha gave a private concert at Harrison's house that Starr and Lennon attended.[270]
- ^ Harrison was influential in the decision to have Shankar included on the bill at the Monterey Pop Festival in June 1967.[267]
- ^ Harrison's use of psychedelic drugs encouraged his path to meditation and Hinduism. He commented: "LSD was just like opening the door—and before, you didn't even know that there was a door there ... I had this lingering thought that just stayed with me after that, and that thought was 'Yogis of the Himalayas'."[278]
- ^ The Self-Realization Fellowship gurus Mahavatar Babaji, Lahiri Mahasaya, Sri Yukteswar and Yogananda appear on the cover of the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band at Harrison's request.[281]
- ^ Harrison also used the pseudonym "L'Angelo Misterioso" when he recorded a guitar part for "Never Tell Your Mother She's Out of Tune", a song included on Jack Bruce's 1969 solo album, Songs for a Tailor.[295]
- ^ The house had once belonged to the Victorian eccentric Sir Frank Crisp. Purchased in 1970, it is the basis for the song "Ballad of Sir Frankie Crisp (Let It Roll)".[298]
- ^ Former Beatles publicist Derek Taylor helped Harrison with the book.[300] I, Me, Mine said little about the Beatles, focusing instead on Harrison's hobbies and music, including the lyrics, with comments by Harrison, to every song he had published to date.[302] Taylor commented: "George is not disowning the Beatles ... but it was a long time ago and actually a short part of his life."[303]
- ^ Harrison also owned homes on Hamilton Island, Australia, and in Nahiku, Hawaii.[305]
- ^ In June 1972, UNICEF honoured Harrison and Shankar with the "Child Is the Father of Man" award at an annual ceremony in recognition of their fundraising efforts for Bangladesh.[326]
Citations
- ^ Everett 2001, p. 36; Giuliano & Giuliano 1998, p. 246
- ^ "George Harrison biography". Shawstar.com. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ Miles 2001, p. 6.
- ^ a b Harry 2000, p. 492.
- ^ Leng 2006, p. 24.
- ^ Harrison 2002, pp. 20–21.
- ^ Miles 2001, p. 7.
- ^ Inglis 2010, p. xiii.
- ^ Giuliano 1997, p. 9.
- ^ a b Laing, Dave (30 November 2001). "George Harrison, 1943–2001: Former Beatle George Harrison dies from cancer aged 58". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
- ^ Babiuk 2002, p. 17.
- ^ Gray, Sadie (20 July 2007). "Lives in Brief: Peter Harrison". The Times. London. Retrieved 22 July 2007.(subscription required)
- ^ Miles 2001, p. 13.
- ^ Spitz 2005, pp. 125–126.
- ^ Miles 1997, p. 47.
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 127.
- ^ Davies 2009, pp. 44–45.
- ^ Lewisohn 1992, p. 13.
- ^ Davies 2009, p. 55: (secondary source); Harrison 2002, p. 29: (primary source).
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 152.
- ^ a b Spitz 2005, p. 161.
- ^ Miles 1997, pp. 57–58.
- ^ Leng 2006, pp. 2–6.
- ^ "George Harrison: The quiet Beatle". BBC News. 30 November 2001. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ Miles 2001, p. 27.
- ^ Schaffner 1980, pp. 7–10.
- ^ Babiuk 2002, p. 59.
- ^ Lewisohn 1992, pp. 59–60.
- ^ Greene 2010, p. 34.
- ^ Everett 2001, p. 193.
- ^ Unterberger 2002, pp. 180–181.
- ^ a b Leng 2006, p. 19.
- ^ Everett 2001, pp. 313–315.
- ^ Womack 2007, pp. 124–125.
- ^ The Beatles 2000, p. 194.
- ^ Schaffner 1980, pp. 75–78.
- ^ Everett 1999, pp. 35–36.
- ^ Everett 1999, pp. 40–42.
- ^ Leng 2006, p. 22: (secondary source); Reck, D.B. (1985). "Beatles Orientalis: Influences from Asia in a Popular Song Form". Asian Music. XVI: 83–150.: (primary source).
- ^ Everett 1999, pp. 49–51.
- ^ Everett 1999, p. 106.
- ^ Everett 1999, pp. 156–158.
- ^ Clayson 2003, p. 212.
- ^ Everett 1999, pp. 111–112.
- ^ Leng 2006, pp. 29–30.
- ^ Lavezzoli 2006, pp. 178–179.
- ^ Harrison 2002, pp. 118–119: (primary source); Lavezzoli 2006, p. 182: (secondary source).
- ^ Everett 1999, pp. 103–105: Harrison's tambura part on "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds"; Winn 2009, p. 74
- ^ Lavezzoli 2006, pp. 179–180.
- ^ Clayson 2003, pp. 214–215.
- ^ a b Tillery 2011, p. 63.
- ^ Harrison 2002, p. 118.
- ^ Tillery 2011, p. 87.
- ^ Lavezzoli 2006, p. 183.
- ^ Babiuk 2002, p. 217.
- ^ Everett 1999, pp. 200–202: "While My Guitar Gently Weeps"; Harry 2003, p. 254: "Long, Long, Long"; Harry 2003, p. 329: "Savoy Truffle"; Greene 2010, p. 110: "Piggies".
- ^ a b Leng 2006, pp. 39–52.
- ^ Leng 2006, p. 52.
- ^ Leng 2006, p. 51.
- ^ Doggett 2009, pp. 60–61.
- ^ Unterberger 2006, p. 248.
- ^ Miles 2001, p. 354.
- ^ Gould 2007, p. 576.
- ^ Wenner & Fine 2002, p. 178.
- ^ Bronson 1992, p. 262.
- ^ Wenner & Fine 2002, p. 39.
- ^ Spignesi & Lewis 2009, p. 97.
- ^ Lavezzoli 2006, p. 185.
- ^ Bronson 1992, p. 275.
- ^ a b c Howard 2004, pp. 36–37.
- ^ a b George-Warren 2001, p. 413.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, p. 195.
- ^ Lavezzoli 2006, p. 182.
- ^ a b Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 508.
- ^ Harry 2003, p. 393: Wonderwall Music as first LP released by Apple Records; Strong 2004, p. 481: Wonderwall Music as first solo album released by a Beatle.
- ^ Harry 2003, p. 393.
- ^ Leng 2006, pp. 49–50.
- ^ Leng 2006, p. 59.
- ^ Leng 2006, pp. 63–65.
- ^ Leng 2006, p. 67.
- ^ Leng 2006, p. 64.
- ^ Leng 2006, p. 84.
- ^ Schaffner 1980, p. 155.
- ^ Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 181.
- ^ Inglis 2010, pp. xv, 23.
- ^ "icLiverpool – Number one for Harrison at last". icliverpool.icnetwork.co.uk. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ Roberts 2005, p. 227.
- ^ Inglis 2010, pp. 23–24.
- ^ a b Leng 2006, p. 73.
- ^ Schaffner 1978, p. 142.
- ^ Leng 2006, p. 78.
- ^ Leng 2006, p. 101.
- ^ Gerson, Ben (21 January 1971). "George Harrison - All Things Must Pass". Retrieved 8 January 2013.
- ^ Inglis 2010, pp. 25–26.
- ^ Inglis 2010, p. 30.
- ^ Doggett 2009, pp. 147–148.
- ^ Doggett 2009, pp. 251–252.
- ^ Doggett 2009, pp. 252, 275.
- ^ Huntley 2004, p. 137.
- ^ "Concert for Bangladesh". Concertforbangladesh. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ a b Harry 2003, pp. 132–136.
- ^ Doggett 2009, pp. 181–206.
- ^ Harry 2003, pp. 132–138.
- ^ a b Harry 2003, p. 135.
- ^ "Living in the Material World - George Harrison: Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
- ^ Schaffner 1978, pp. 158–159.
- ^ Leng 2006, pp. 148–149, 174.
- ^ Doggett 2009, pp. 224–226.
- ^ Harrison 2011, p. 312.
- ^ Rodriguez 2010, p. 58.
- ^ Greene 2010, p. 213.
- ^ Doggett 2009, p. 224.
- ^ "George Harrison > Charts & Awards > Billboard Albums". AllMusic. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ Leng 2006, p. 180.
- ^ Schaffner 1978, pp. 209–210.
- ^ Harry 2003, pp. 28–29.
- ^ Schaffner 1978, p. 188.
- ^ a b Leng 2006, p. 187.
- ^ a b Schaffner 1978, p. 192.
- ^ "George Harrison - George Harrison". AllMusic. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
- ^ Schaffner 1980, p. 164.
- ^ Leng 2006, pp. 108–109.
- ^ Matovina 2000, p. 136.
- ^ Leng 2006, p. 140.
- ^ a b c Harry 2003, p. 247.
- ^ Harry 2003, p. 246.
- ^ Doggett 2009, pp. 265–266.
- ^ Doggett 2009, p. 273.
- ^ George-Warren 2001, p. 414.
- ^ Harry 2003, pp. 17–18.
- ^ Harry 2003, pp. 17–18, 349–350, 367.
- ^ Wenner & Fine 2002, p. 194.
- ^ Leng 2006, pp. 212, 236.
- ^ Doggett 2009, p. 287.
- ^ Badman 2001, pp. 259–260.
- ^ Badman 2001, p. 368.
- ^ Huntley 2004, pp. 202–203.
- ^ Harry 2003, p. 100.
- ^ Leng 2006, pp. 251–253.
- ^ "RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database". Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Retrieved 31 December 2012.
- ^ a b c "Cloud Nine - George Harrison : Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ a b "George Harrison". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
- ^ Planer, Lindsay. "Got My Mind Set On You". AllMusic. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ Voland, John (14 July 1988). "Pop/rock". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
- ^ a b Davies 2009, pp. 362–363.
- ^ Harrison 2011, p. 324.
- ^ Leng 2006, p. 244.
- ^ Inglis 2010, p. xvi.
- ^ Harry 2003, pp. 211–213.
- ^ a b Harry 2003, p. 98.
- ^ Harry 2003, pp. 28, 98–99.
- ^ Harry 2003, p. 28.
- ^ Greenwald, Matthew. "I Won't Back Down - Tom Petty". AllMusic. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
- ^ Giuliano 1997, p. 249.
- ^ Harry 2003, pp. 374–375.
- ^ Harry 2003, pp. 374–378.
- ^ Harry 2003, pp. 250–252.
- ^ Welch, Chris (1 December 2001). "George Harrison". The Independent. Archived from the original on 5 December 2008. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ Leng 2006, pp. 273–274.
- ^ Rogovoy 2009, p. 70.
- ^ a b Harry 2003, p. 106.
- ^ Harry 2003, p. 109.
- ^ Badman 2001, p. 568.
- ^ Badman 2001, p. 586.
- ^ "George Harrison: On This Day". georgeharrison.com. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
- ^ "Brainwashed - George Harrison: Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
- ^ "Grammy Award Winners". The New York Times. 16 January 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2008.
- ^ "Zoom - Electric Light Orchestra". AllMusic. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
- ^ Walters, Barry (16 August 2001). "Electric Light Orchestra: Zoom: Music Reviews". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 22 August 2007. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
- ^ Sexton, Paul (5 May 2001). "Wyman is Jewel in Rhythm Kings's Crown". Billboard. p. 45. Retrieved 31 January 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ Harry 2003, p. 119.
- ^ Williams 2004, pp. 129–138.
- ^ Doggett 2009, pp. 294–295.
- ^ Greene 2010, p. 240.
- ^ Tillery 2011, p. 133.
- ^ Leng 2006, p. 267.
- ^ Harry 2003, p. 379.
- ^ Hurwitz, Matt (11 June 2007). "Wilburys set to travel again". USA Today. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
- ^ "RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database". Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ Doggett 2009, p. 295: the Wilburys never performed live; Harry 2003, p. 381: the Wilburys did not record together again following the release of their second album.
- ^ Everett 1999, p. 286.
- ^ Harry 2000, p. 428.
- ^ Everett 1999, pp. 287–292.
- ^ Doggett 2009, p. 319: Harrison refusing to record a third song; Roberts 2005, p. 54: release date for "Real Love".
- ^ Huntley 2004, p. 259.
- ^ Huntley 2004, p. 305.
- ^ a b Lyall, Sarah (31 December 1999). "George Harrison Stabbed in Chest by an Intruder". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 February 2010.
- ^ Idle 2005, pp. 277–278.
- ^ Doggett 2009, p. 328.
- ^ "Beatle's attacker says sorry". BBC News. 16 November 2000. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
- ^ Morris, Steve (14 November 2000). "The night George Harrison thought he was dying". The Guardian. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
- ^ "Freed Beatle's attacker sorry". BBC News. 5 July 2002. Retrieved 13 December 2008.
- ^ Jury, Louise (4 May 2001). "George Harrison undergoes surgery for cancer". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 9 July 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ Fleck, Fiona; Laville, Sandra (9 July 2001). "George Harrison being treated in cancer clinic". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 27 December 2008.
- ^ Thorpe, Vanessa; Dowell, Ben (3 September 2011). "George Harrison and his women – Martin Scorsese's new documentary reveals the candid truth". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ "George Harrison Receives Radiation Treatment". ABC News. 9 November 2001. Retrieved 2 April 2010.
{{cite web}}
:|first=
missing|last=
(help) - ^ Doggett 2009, pp. 330–331.
- ^ Civil Action CV040033 (NGG) (PDF), Complaint, United States District Court, Eastern District of New York, The Estate of George Harrison v Gilbert Lederman. The allegations about the autograph appear on page 10 of the Complaint.
- ^ Goldman, Andrew (21 May 2005). "The Doctor Can't Help Himself". New York. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
- ^ Doggett 2009, p. 331.
- ^ Glaberson, William (17 January 2004). "Harrison Estate Settles Suit Over Guitar Autographed by Dying Beatle". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
- ^ Desborough, James; Fowler, Stewart (2 December 2001). "George Harrison Born 1943 - Died 2001: Macca and Ringo's secret Beatles Last Supper with deathbed George.(News)". The People. London. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
- ^ Harry 2003, p. 119: Harrison's date of death; "George Harrison's Death Certificate". The Smoking Gun. Retrieved 22 June 2012.: Harrison's cause of death.
- ^ a b Lavezzoli 2006, p. 198.
- ^ Doggett 2009, p. 332.
- ^ "George Harrison (1943–2001)". Find a Grave. Retrieved 25 December 2008.
- ^ "Harrison leaves £99m will". BBC News. 29 November 2002. Retrieved 19 September 2009.
Harrison left £99,226,700, reduced to £98,916,400 after expenses, a High Court spokeswoman confirmed.
- ^ a b Harry 2003, pp. 138–139.
- ^ Harrison 2011, p. 194.
- ^ "Acoustic Guitar Central: George Harrison's behind-the-scenes contributions to the world's greatest band". acousticguitar.com. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
- ^ Harrison 2002, p. 15.
- ^ Kitts 2002, p. 17.
- ^ Harry 2003, pp. 294–295: Perkins; Harry 2000, pp. 140–141: Berry; Wenner & Fine 2002, p. 231: Cooder.
- ^ Leng 2006, p. 14.
- ^ Babiuk 2002, p. 120.
- ^ Doggett & Hodgson 2004, p. 82.
- ^ Leng 2006, p. 42.
- ^ a b Womack 2006, p. 89.
- ^ Badman 2001, p. 12.
- ^ Everett 1999, p. 243.
- ^ Huntley 2004, p. 35.
- ^ Du Noyer 1971, p. 14: Harrison played dobro on "Crippled Inside"; Leng 2006, p. 108: Harrison played dobro on "I Wrote a Simple Song".
- ^ Leng 2006, pp. 84–85.
- ^ a b Leng 2006, p. 109.
- ^ Clayson 2003, p. 391.
- ^ Leng 2006, p. 279.
- ^ Huntley 2004, pp. 149, 232.
- ^ Everett 1999, pp. 65: "She Said She Said", 268: "Golden Slumbers", 196: "Birthday", 190: "Honey Pie".
- ^ Leng 2006, p. 205: "Faster", 230: "Wake Up My Love", 152: "Bye Bye Love".
- ^ Harrison 2002, p. 84.
- ^ Harry 2003, pp. 159–160.
- ^ Leng 2006, p. 4.
- ^ Leng 2006, p. 5.
- ^ The Beatles 2000, p. 59.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 200–201.
- ^ Harry 2000, pp. 551: "I Need You", 1190: "You Like Me Too Much".
- ^ Inglis 2010, p. xv.
- ^ Miles 1997, p. 554: (primary source); Fawcett 1977, p. 96: (secondary source).
- ^ Schinder & Schwartz 2008, p. 174.
- ^ Inglis 2010, pp. xv: most Beatles albums contain at least two Harrison compositions, 7:Revolver.
- ^ Leng 2006, p. 31.
- ^ The Beatles 2000, p. 243.
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 837.
- ^ Inglis 2010, p. 15.
- ^ Harry 2003, pp. 162–163: Dylan, 121–125: Eric Clapton, 303–304: Billy Preston, 381–382: Doris Troy, 41: David Bromberg, 171: Ronnie Wood, 395: Gary Wright, 257–258: Jeff Lynne, 295–296: Tom Petty.
- ^ Leng 2006, pp. 195–196.
- ^ Wenner & Fine 2002, p. 37.
- ^ Leng 2006, p. 316.
- ^ Leng 2006, pp. 157, 321.
- ^ Babiuk 2002, pp. 18–19: Höfner President Acoustic, 22: Höfner Club 40 model.
- ^ Babiuk 2002, pp. 25–27.
- ^ Babiuk 2002, pp. 110–112.
- ^ a b Bacon 2005, p. 65.
- ^ Babiuk 2002, pp. 52–55: Gretsch 6128 Duo Jet, 89–91, 99–101: Gretsch 6122 Country Gentleman, 105–106: Gretsch 6119–62 Tennessee Rose.
- ^ Babiuk 2002, pp. 94–97: Rickenbacker 425 Fireglo.
- ^ a b Smith 1987, pp. 77–79.
- ^ Babiuk 2002, p. 157.
- ^ Babiuk 2002, pp. 180–182, 198: Epiphone Casino.
- ^ Babiuk 2002, pp. 72–75: Gibson J-160E, 180–183: Fender Stratocaster and Gibson SG.
- ^ Babiuk 2002, pp. 156–157, 206–207: Fender Stratocaster "Rocky".
- ^ Babiuk 2002, pp. 224–225.
- ^ Babiuk 2002, pp. 224–225: Gibson Les Paul "Lucy".
- ^ Babiuk 2002, pp. 223–224: Gibson Jumbo J-200.
- ^ Babiuk 2002, pp. 237–239: Fender Telecaster.
- ^ Leng 2006, p. 20.
- ^ Lavezzoli 2006, p. 147.
- ^ a b Lavezzoli 2006, p. 172.
- ^ Lavezzoli 2006, p. 171.
- ^ Lavezzoli 2006, pp. 171–172.
- ^ a b c d e Lavezzoli 2006, p. 176.
- ^ Lavezzoli 2006, p. 175.
- ^ Everett 1999, p. 71.
- ^ Harrison, Olivia (2010). Collaborations (Media notes). Rhino.
{{cite AV media notes}}
: Unknown parameter|artist=
ignored (|others=
suggested) (help) - ^ Lavezzoli 2006, p. 106.
- ^ Schaffner 1980, pp. 77–78.
- ^ Lavezzoli 2006, p. 173.
- ^ Doggett 2009, p. 33.
- ^ Harrison 2011, p. 190.
- ^ Greene 2010, p. 158.
- ^ Tillery 2011, p. 56.
- ^ Tillery 2011, p. 81.
- ^ Partridge 2004, p. 153.
- ^ Clayson 2003, p. 306.
- ^ Tillery 2011, p. 78.
- ^ Inglis 2010, p. 11.
- ^ Leng 2006, p. 44.
- ^ Miles 2007, p. 210.
- ^ Crowther, Bosley (19 February 2007). "A Hard Day's Night (1964)". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 February 2008.
- ^ Doggett 2009, p. 209.
- ^ "George Harrison biography". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
- ^ Doggett 2009, p. 261.
- ^ Harrison 2011, p. 216.
- ^ Leng 2006, p. 53.
- ^ Winn 2009, p. 229.
- ^ Winn 2009, p. 289.
- ^ Harry 2003, p. 227.
- ^ Greene 2010, pp. 226–227.
- ^ Leng 2006, p. 94.
- ^ Davies 2009, p. 360.
- ^ a b Huntley 2004, p. 170.
- ^ Tillery 2011, p. 121.
- ^ Doggett 2009, pp. 265–266: I, Me, Mine said little about the Beatles; Tillery 2011, p. 121: I, Me, Mine included the lyrics, with comments by Harrison, to every song he had published to date.
- ^ Doggett 2009, p. 266.
- ^ Harrison 2011, p. 357.
- ^ For Hamilton Island, Australia see: "George Harrison's Haven". architecturaldigest.com. August 2007. Retrieved 14 September 2011.; for Nahiku, Hawaii see: Helen Altonn and Gary Kubota (30 November 2001). "George Harrison / 1943–2001". Archives.starbulletin.com. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
- ^ a b Buckley 2004, p. 127.
- ^ "BBC On This Day 1955: Moss claims first Grand Prix victory". BBC News. 17 July 1955. Retrieved 23 December 2008.
- ^ Huntley 2004, p. 167.
- ^ Knapman, Chris (12 December 2011). "Ex-Beatles Aston Martin sells at auction". The Telegraph. Retrieved 29 December 2012.; "Mystery Texas Collector to Give Beatle George Harrison's Aston Martin DB5 its U.S. Debut at The Concours d'Elegance of Texas". The Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ Davies 2009, p. 325.
- ^ The Beatles 2000, p. 357.
- ^ Sheff 1981, p. 148.
- ^ Tillery 2011, p. 122.
- ^ Badman 2001, p. 139.
- ^ Inglis 2010, pp. xiii–xiv.
- ^ Goodman, Joan. "Playboy interview: Paul and Linda McCartney". Playboy (December 1984): 84.
- ^ Huntley 2004, p. 86.
- ^ Poole, Oliver; Davies, Hugh (1 December 2001). "I'll always love him, he's my baby brother, says tearful McCartney". The Telegraph. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
- ^ Badman 2001, pp. 138–139.
- ^ Wenner & Fine 2002, p. 48.
- ^ Rodriguez 2010, p. 24.
- ^ a b "The Concert For Bangladesh". Concertforbangladesh. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
- ^ Dooley, Sean Patrick (1 August 2011). "This Day in Music Spotlight:George Harrison's Concert for Bangladesh". Gibson. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ Doggett 2009, pp. 173–174.
- ^ "Cinema: Sweet Sounds". Time. 17 April 1972. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
- ^ Badman 2001, p. 274.
- ^ a b "The George Harrison Fund for UNICEF". UNICEF. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
- ^ "Ravi Shankar Receives First-Ever George Harrison Humanitarian Award". georgeharrison.com. 13 October 2009. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
- ^ Lewisohn 1992, pp. 203–204.
- ^ "Results Page - Academy Awards Database". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ "(4149) Harrison". Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.
- ^ "Billboard Century Awards – Music Artists Biography – Music Artist Interviews". Billboard. Archived from the original on 30 April 2008. Retrieved 19 December 2008.
- ^ Petty 2011, p. 58.
- ^ "George Harrison". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Retrieved 9 March 2007.
- ^ Carter, Rachel Bonham (1 August 2006). "George Harrison honoured on 35th anniversary of 'Concert for Bangladesh'". UNICEF. Retrieved 19 December 2008.
- ^ "George Harrison honoured on Hollywood Walk of Fame". CBCNews. 15 April 2009. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ "Scorsese's George Harrison film gets Liverpool premiere". BBC News. 15 September 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
Sources
- Babiuk, Andy (2002). Bacon, Tony (ed.). Beatles Gear: All the Fab Four's Instruments, from Stage to Studio (Revised ed.). Backbeat Books. ISBN 978-0-87930-731-8.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - The Beatles (2000). The Beatles Anthology (1st ed.). Chronicle Books. ISBN 978-0-8118-3636-4.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Bacon, Tony (2005). 50 Years of Gretsch Electrics. Backbeat Books. ISBN 978-0-87930-822-3.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Badman, Keith (2001) [1999]. The Beatles Diary: Volume 2: After the Break-Up: 1970–2001. Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0-7119-8307-6.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Bogdanov, Vladimir; Woodstra, Chris; Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (2002). All Music Guide to Rock. Backbeat Books. ISBN 978-0-87930-653-3.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Bronson, Fred (1992). Weiler, Fred (ed.). The Billboard Book of Number One Hits (3rd revised ed.). Billboard Books. ISBN 978-0-8230-8298-8.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Buckley, Martin (2004). Cars of the Super Rich. MotorBooks/MBI Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-7603-1953-6.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Clayson, Alan (2003). George Harrison. Sanctuary. ISBN 978-1-86074-959-9.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Davies, Hunter (2009) [1968]. The Beatles: The Authorized Biography (3rd revised ed.). W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-33874-4.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Doggett, Peter (2009). You Never Give Me Your Money: The Beatles After the Breakup. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-177418-8.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Doggett, Peter; Hodgson, Sarah (2004). Christie's Rock and Pop Memorabilia. Pavilion. ISBN 978-0-8230-0649-6.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Du Noyer, Paul (1971). Imagine (Media notes). Capitol Records.
{{cite AV media notes}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|notestitle=
(help); Invalid|ref=harv
(help); Unknown parameter|albumlink=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|artist=
ignored (|others=
suggested) (help) - Everett, Walter (1999). The Beatles as Musicians: Revolver through the Anthology. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-512941-0.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Everett, Walter (2001). The Beatles as Musicians: The Quarry Men Through Rubber Soul. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-514105-4.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Fawcett, Anthony (1977). John Lennon: One Day at a Time: A Personal Biography of the Seventies. New English Library. ISBN 978-0-450-03073-4.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - George-Warren, Holly, ed. (2001). The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll (2005 revised and updated ed.). Fireside. ISBN 978-0-7432-9201-6.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Giuliano, Geoffrey (1997). Dark Horse: The Life and Art of George Harrison (Revised ed.). Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80747-3.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Giuliano, Geoffrey; Giuliano, Brenda (1998). The Lost Lennon Interviews. Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0-7119-6470-9.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Gould, Jonathan (2007). Can't Buy Me Love: The Beatles, Britain and America (First Paperback ed.). Three Rivers Press. ISBN 978-0-307-35338-2.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Greene, Joshua M (2010) [2007]. Here Comes the Sun: The Spiritual and Musical Journey of George Harrison. John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-12780-3.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Harrison, George (2002) [1980]. I, Me, Mine. Phoenix. ISBN 978-0-7538-1734-6.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Harrison, Olivia (2011). George Harrison: Living in the Material World. Abrams. ISBN 978-1-4197-0220-4.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Harry, Bill (2000). The Beatles Encyclopedia: Revised and Updated. Virgin Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7535-0481-9.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Harry, Bill (2003). The George Harrison Encyclopedia. Virgin Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7535-0822-0.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Howard, David N. (2004). Sonic Alchemy: Visionary Music Producers and Their Maverick Recordings. Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 978-0-634-05560-7.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Huntley, Elliot J (2004). Mystical One: George Harrison: After the Break-up of the Beatles. Guernica Editions. ISBN 978-1-55071-197-4.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Idle, Eric (2005). The Greedy Bastard Diary: A Comic Tour of America. Harper Entertainment. ISBN 0-06-075864-3.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Inglis, Ian (2010). The Words and Music of George Harrison. Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-37532-3.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Kitts, Jeff (2002). Guitar World Presents the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 978-0-634-04619-3.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Lavezzoli, Peter (2006). The Dawn of Indian Music in the West. Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8264-1815-9.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Leng, Simon (2006) [2003]. While My Guitar Gently Weeps: The Music of George Harrison. SAF Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4234-0609-9.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Lewisohn, Mark (1992). The Complete Beatles Chronicle:The Definitive Day-By-Day Guide to the Beatles' Entire Career (2010 ed.). Chicago Review Press. ISBN 978-1-56976-534-0.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Lewisohn, Mark (1988). The Complete Beatles Recording Sessions. Harmony. ISBN 978-0-517-57066-1.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Matovina, Dan (2000). Without You: The Tragic Story of Badfinger. Frances Glover Books. ISBN 978-0-9657122-2-4.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Miles, Barry (1997). Many Years From Now. Vintage-Random House. ISBN 978-0-436-28022-1.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Miles, Barry (2007). The Beatles Diary: An Intimate Day by Day History. World Publications Group. ISBN 978-1-57215-010-2.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Miles, Barry (2001). The Beatles Diary: Volume 1: The Beatles Years. Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0-7119-8308-3.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Partridge, Christopher (2004). The Re-enchantment of the West: Alternative Spiritualities, Sacralisation, Popular Culture, and Occulture, Vol. 1 (illustrated ed.). Continuum. ISBN 978-0-567-08408-8.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Petty, Tom (8 December 2011). Wenner, Jann (ed.). "Rolling Stone: The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time". Rolling Stone (1145).
{{cite journal}}
:|chapter=
ignored (help); Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Roberts, David, ed. (2005). British Hit Singles & Albums (18 ed.). Guinness World Records Limited. ISBN 978-1-904994-00-8.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Rodriguez, Robert (2010). Fab Four FAQ 2.0: The Beatles' Solo Years, 1970−1980. Backbeat Books. ISBN 978-1-4165-9093-4.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Rogovoy, Seth (2009). Bob Dylan: Prophet, Mystic, Poet. Scribner. ISBN 978-1-4165-5915-3.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Schaffner, Nicholas (1978). The Beatles Forever. Mcgraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-055087-2.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Schaffner, Nicholas (1980). The Boys from Liverpool: John, Paul, George, and Ringo. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-416-30661-3.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Schinder, Andy; Schwartz (2008). Icons of Rock: An Encyclopedia of the Legends who Changed Music Forever. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-33845-8.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help); More than one of|first1=
and|first=
specified (help) - Sheff, David (1981). Golson, G. Barry (ed.). All We Are Saying: The Last Major Interview with John Lennon and Yoko Ono (2000 ed.). St Martin's Griffin. ISBN 978-0-312-25464-3.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Smith, Richard (1987). The History of Rickenbacker Guitars. Centerstream Publications. ISBN 978-0-931759-15-4.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Spignesi, Stephen J.; Lewis, Michael (2009). 100 Best Beatles Songs: A Passionate Fan's Guide. Black Dog & Leventhal. ISBN 978-1-57912-842-5.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Spitz, Bob (2005). The Beatles: The Biography. Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0-316-01331-4.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Strong, Martin (2004). The Great Rock Discography (7th ed.). Canongate. ISBN 978-1-84195-615-2.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Tillery, Gary (2011). Working Class Mystic: A Spiritual Biography of George Harrison. Quest. ISBN 978-0-8356-0900-5.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Unterberger, Richie (2002). Turn! Turn! Turn!: The '60s Folk-rock Revolution. Backbeat Books. ISBN 978-0-87930-703-5.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Unterberger, Richie (2006). The Unreleased Beatles: Music & Film. Backbeat Books. ISBN 978-0-87930-892-6.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Wenner, Jann; Fine, Jason (2002). George Harrison. Edition Olms. ISBN 978-3-283-00445-3.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Williams, Paul (2004). Bob Dylan: Performing Artist 1986–1990 & Beyond: Mind Out of Time. Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-1-84449-281-7.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Winn, John C. (2009). That Magic Feeling: The Beatles' Recorded Legacy, Volume Two, 1966–1970. Three Rivers Press. ISBN 978-0-307-45239-9.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Womack, Kenneth (2007). Long and Winding Roads: The Evolving Artistry of the Beatles. Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8264-1746-6.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Womack, Kenneth (2006) [2002]. "Ten Great Beatles Moments". In Skinner Sawyers, June (ed.). Read the Beatles: Classic and New Writings on the Beatles, Their Legacy, and Why They Still Matter. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-303732-3.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help)
Further reading
- Barrow, Tony (2005). John, Paul, George, Ringo & Me: The Real Beatles Story. Thunder's Mouth. ISBN 978-1-56025-882-7.
- Hill, Tim (2007). Then There Was Music: The Beatles: The Complete Story of Four Lads Who Shook the World. Transatlantic Press. ISBN 978-0-9545267-7-1.
- Ingham, Chris (2009). The Rough Guide to the Beatles: The Story, the Songs, the Solo Years (3rd ed.). Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-84353-140-1.
- Kirchherr, Astrid; Voormann, Klaus (1999). Hamburg Days. Genesis Publications. ISBN 978-0-904351-73-6.
- Martin, George (1979). All You Need Is Ears. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-11482-4.
- Martin, George; Pearson, William (1994). Summer of Love: The Making of Sgt. Pepper. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-60398-7.
- Documentaries
- Scorsese, Martin (2012). George Harrison: Living in the Material World (Anamorphic, Color, Dolby, NTSC, Surround Sound, Widescreen) (DVD). UMe. ASIN B007JWKLMO.
External links
- GeorgeHarrison.com – Official site
- RollingStone.com – George Harrison's Greatest Musical Moments
- "George Harrison". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
- George Harrison – Daily Telegraph obituary
- George Harrison at IMDb
- Template:Worldcat id
- Genesis Publications – Concert for George – Limited Edition Book
- Interview with Paul Cashmere
- BBC News article on Harrison's death, George Harrison: Life in pictures and UK version with different pictures