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{{Refimprove|date=April 2013}} |
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{{Infobox country geography |
{{Infobox country geography |
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|name = Niger |
|name = Niger |
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|map = niger sm03.png |
|map = [[File:niger sm03.png|250px]]<br><br>[[File:LocationNiger.svg|240px|Location map of Niger]] |
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|map size = |
|map size = |
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|continent = [[Africa]] |
|continent = [[Africa]] |
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|region = [[Western Africa]] |
|region = [[Western Africa]] |
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|percent water = {{#expr:300/1266700*100 round 2}} |
|percent water = {{#expr:300/1266700*100 round 2}} |
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|km coastline = 0 |
|km coastline = 0 |
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|borders = Land boundaries: <br>[[Algeria]] 951 km<br> [[Benin]] 277 km<br> [[Burkina Faso]] 622 km<br> [[Chad]] 1,196 km<br> [[Libya]] 342 km<br> [[Mali]] 838 km<br> [[Nigeria]] 1,608 km<ref name="The World Factbook">{{cite web|title=The World Factbook |
|borders = Land boundaries: <br>[[Algeria]] 951 km<br> [[Benin]] 277 km<br> [[Burkina Faso]] 622 km<br> [[Chad]] 1,196 km<br> [[Libya]] 342 km<br> [[Mali]] 838 km<br> [[Nigeria]] 1,608 km<ref name="The World Factbook">{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ng.html|website=CIA.gov|accessdate=20 April 2015}}</ref> |
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{{infobox|child=yes |
{{infobox|child=yes |
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| label1 = Irrigated land |
| label1 = Irrigated land |
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| data1 = 736.6 km² (2005) |
| data1 = 736.6 km² (2005) |
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| label2 = Total renewable water resources |
| label2 = Total renewable water resources |
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| data2 = 33.65 |
| data2 = 33.65 km<sup>3</sup> (2011) |
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}} |
}} |
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|highest point = [[Mont Idoukal-n-Taghès]], 2,022 m |
|highest point = [[Mont Idoukal-n-Taghès]], 2,022 m |
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|longest river = |
|longest river = |
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|largest lake = |
|largest lake = |
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|climate = [[ |
|climate = [[Desert]] to [[tropical]] |
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|terrain = |
|terrain = Mostly desert plains and sand [[dune]]s, [[hill]]s in the north |
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|natural resources = [[ |
|natural resources = [[Uranium]], [[coal]], [[iron ore]], [[tin]], [[phosphate]]s, [[gold]], [[molybdenum]], [[gypsum]], [[salt]], [[petroleum]] |
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|natural hazards = |
|natural hazards = Recurring [[drought]]s |
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|environmental issues = [[ |
|environmental issues = [[Overgrazing]], soil [[erosion]], [[deforestation]], [[poaching]] |
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}} |
}} |
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[[File:Niger sat.png|thumb|275px|A satellite image depicting the geography of Niger]] |
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[[Niger]] is a [[landlocked]] nation in West Africa located along the border between the [[Sahara]] and [[Sub-Saharan Africa|Sub-Saharan]] regions. Its [[Geographic coordinate system|geographic coordinates]] are [[longitude]] 16°N and [[latitude]] 8°E. Its area is 1.267 million square kilometers, of which 1 266 700 km² is land and 300 km² water, making Niger slightly less than twice the size of [[France]].<ref name="The World Factbook" /> |
[[Niger]] is a [[landlocked]] nation in [[West Africa]] located along the border between the [[Sahara]] and [[Sub-Saharan Africa|Sub-Saharan]] regions. Its [[Geographic coordinate system|geographic coordinates]] are [[longitude]] 16°N and [[latitude]] 8°E. Its area is 1.267 million square kilometers, of which 1 266 700 km² is land and 300 km² water, making Niger slightly less than twice the size of [[France]].<ref name="The World Factbook" /> |
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== |
==Brief history== |
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Niger which attained independence from [[France]] in 1960 was under military regime till 1991. On public demand [[Ali Saibou|Gen. Ali Saibou]] held multiparty elections in 1993 and soon democracy came in to effect in 1993. However, political unrest was caused by [[Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara|Col. Ibrahim Bare]] who staged a coup in 1999, but he died in a counter insurgency operations by officers of the military establishment. This was followed by fresh elections for a democratic rule, and [[Mamadou Tandja]] assumed power in December 1999. Tandja,who won the elections in 2004 and in 2009, wanted to bring about a constitutional amendment to extend his tenure as president. However, in February 2010, he was removed from the post of the president in a coup engineered by the military and the constitution was annulled. Soon after, in 2011, elections were held and [[Mahamadou Issoufou]] got elected as the president and was sworn in April 2011.<ref name="The World Factbook"/> |
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[[Image:NigerOMC.png|thumb|Niger's cities, main towns and other centres]] |
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Niger’s problem with rebellious groups continued during 2007 and 2008. Rebellion was controlled. However, its security problems with its neighbors such as [[Libya]], [[Nigeria]] and [[Mali]] have been a cause for concern<ref name="The World Factbook"/> |
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Surrounded by seven other countries, Niger has a total of 5,834 km of borders. The longest border is with [[Nigeria]] to the south, at 1,608 km. This is followed by [[Chad]] to the east (1,196 km), [[Algeria]] to the north-northwest (951 km), and [[Mali]] to the west (838 km). Niger also has short borders in its far southwest frontier ([[Burkina Faso]] at 622 km and [[Benin]] at 277 km) and to the north-northeast ([[Libya]] at 342 km).<ref name="The World Factbook" /> |
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==Geography== |
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==Physical geography== |
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Niger, with a land area of 1.267 million sq km, is a land locked country which is bounded with a land boundary of 5,834 km by seven countries: [[Algeria]] (951 km), [[Benin]] (277 km), [[Burkina Faso]] (622 km), [[Chad]] (1,196 km), [[Libya]] (342 km), [[Mali]] (838 km, and [[Nigeria]] (1,608) km.<ref name="The World Factbook"/> |
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=== |
===Regions=== |
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{{main|Regions of Niger}} |
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Niger's climate is largely hot and dry, with much [[desert]] area. In the extreme south, there is a [[tropical]] climate on the edges of the [[Niger River]] Basin. The terrain is predominantly desert plains and sand [[dune]]s, with flat to rolling plains in the south and hills in the north. [[Lake Chad]] at the southeast corner of the country is shared between Niger, Nigeria, Chad and [[Cameroon]]. |
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[[Niger]] is divided into 7 Regions (French: ''régions;'' singular{{spaced ndash}}''région)''. Each department's capital is the same as its name. |
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{{stack|{{Regions of Niger Image Map}}}} |
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===Extreme points=== |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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[[Image:Niger Topography.png|thumb|right|Topography of Niger]] |
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|+ |
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*Northernmost point: [[Tripoint]] with Algeria and Libya, [[Agadez Region]]: 23°31'N.<ref>http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/limitsinseas/IBS002.pdf</ref> |
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|-bgcolor=#ACE1AF |
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*Southernmost point: Benin/Niger/Nigeria [[tripoint]], [[Dosso Region]]: 11°42'N |
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!Region |
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*Easternmost point: border with Chad, [[Agadez Region]]: [[16th meridian east|16°00'E]] |
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!Area <br> (km<sup>2</sup>) <ref>[http://www.geohive.com/cntry/niger.aspx Niger at GeoHive]</ref> |
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*Westernmost point: border with Mali and Burkina Faso, [[Tillabéri Region]]: 0°07'E |
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!Population <br> (2012 census) |
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*Highest point: [[Mont Idoukal-n-Taghès]], [[Aïr Massif]], [[Agadez Region]]:{{convert|2022|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="The World Factbook" /> |
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|- |
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*Lowest point: [[Niger River]] at Nigeria border, [[Dosso Region]]: {{convert|200|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="The World Factbook" /> |
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|[[Agadez Region|Agadez]] |
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|667,799 |
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|487,620 |
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|- |
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|[[Diffa Region|Diffa]] |
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|156,906 |
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|593,821 |
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|- |
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|[[Dosso Region|Dosso]] |
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|33,844 |
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|2,037,713 |
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|- |
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|[[Maradi Region|Maradi]] |
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|41,796 |
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|3,402,094 |
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|- |
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|[[Niamey]] |
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|402 |
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|1,026,848 |
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|- |
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|[[Tahoua Region|Tahoua]] |
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|113,371 |
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|3,328,365 |
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|- |
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|[[Tillabéri Region|Tillabéri]] |
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|97,251 |
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|2,722,842 |
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|- |
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|[[Zinder Region|Zinder]] |
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|155,778 |
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|3,539,764 |
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|} |
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*Additionally, the national capital, [[Niamey]], comprises a [[Capital districts and territories|capital district]]. |
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=== |
===Departments=== |
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{{ |
{{main|Departments of Niger}} |
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[[Image:Niger arrondissements.png|thumb|right|The pre-2011 36 [[Departments of Niger]]. A further 27 were then carved out of existing divisions.]] |
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Niger possesses the following natural resources: |
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The Regions of Niger are subdivided into 63 [[Department (country subdivision)|Departments]]. |
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*[[Uranium]]<ref name="France backs Niger in talks with Areva over uranium mining">{{cite web | url=http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/feb/06/france-backs-niger-talks-areva-uranium | title=France backs Niger in talks with Areva over uranium mining | work=[[The Guardian]] | date=6 February 2014 | accessdate=9 February 2014}}</ref><ref name="THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF OTHER COUNTRIES OF AFRICA">{{cite web | url=http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country/1994/9247094.pdf | title=THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF OTHER COUNTRIES OF AFRICA | work=[[United States Geological Survey]] |year=1994 | accessdate=9 February 2014 | pages=21}}</ref> |
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*[[Coal]]<ref name="Coal the new weapon to stop desert advance">{{cite web | url=http://www.irinnews.org/report/50456/niger-coal-the-new-weapon-to-stop-desert-advance | title=NIGER: Coal the new weapon to stop desert advance | work=[[Integrated Regional Information Networks]] | date=1 July 2004 | accessdate=9 February 2014}}</ref> |
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*[[Iron ore]]<ref name="CROSS-BORDER DIARIES">{{cite web | url=http://www.oecd.org/swac/publications/38992286.pdf | title=CROSS-BORDER DIARIES | work=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] | date=June 2007 | accessdate=9 February 2014 | pages=52}}</ref> |
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*[[Tin]]<ref name="THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF OTHER COUNTRIES OF AFRICA" /> |
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*[[Phosphates]]<ref name="THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF OTHER COUNTRIES OF AFRICA" /> |
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*[[Gold]]<ref name="Semafo up 4% after tracing new trend over 10 kilometers in Niger">{{cite web | url=http://www.mining.com/semafo-up-4-after-tracing-new-trend-over-10-kilometers-in-niger/ | title=Semafo up 4% after tracing new trend over 10 kilometers in Niger | publisher=Mining.com | date=19 June 2013 | accessdate=9 February 2014 | author=Els, Frik}}</ref> |
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*[[Molybdenum]] |
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*[[Gypsum]] |
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*[[Salt]]<ref name="Protecting Niger’s Desert Salt Pans">{{cite web | url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2013/05/protecting-nigers-desert-salt-pans/ | title=Protecting Niger’s Desert Salt Pans | work=[[Inter Press Service]] | date=15 May 2013 | accessdate=9 February 2014 | author=Issa, Ousseini}}</ref> |
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*[[Oil]]<ref name="As refinery opens, Niger joins club of oil producers">{{cite web | url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hQcHDblgbEGuRpUaW4jhV6n_e5hw?docId=CNG.f2c02c700bcf33947db7403f3c93a92b.81 | title=As refinery opens, Niger joins club of oil producers | agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] | date=28 November 2011 | accessdate=9 February 2014}}</ref> |
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===Communes=== |
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{{main|Communes of Niger}} |
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The 63 Departments are broken down into Communes. As of 2006 there were 265 communes, including ''communes urbaines'' (Urban Communes: centred in or as subdivisions of cities of over 10000), ''communes rurales'' (Rural Communes) centred in cities of under 10,000 and/or sparsely populated areas, and a variety of traditional (clan or tribal) bodies amongst semi-nomadic populations. |
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<gallery caption="" widths="225px" heights="160px"> |
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File:Niger communes.png|[[Communes of Niger]] |
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</gallery> |
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===Cities=== |
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{{main|List of cities in Niger}} |
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<gallery caption="" widths="220px" heights="150px"> |
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Image:NigerOMC.png|Niger's cities, main towns and other centres |
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File:1997 277-16A Agadez hotel.jpg|[[Agadez]] is the largest city in central Niger, with a population of 88,569 (2005 census) |
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File:Niamey night.jpg|[[Niamey]], the Capital of [[Niger]] |
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</gallery> |
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===Roadways=== |
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{{main|Transport in Niger}} |
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<gallery caption="" widths="220px" heights="150px"> |
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File:SNTVbus-Ouagadougou-Niamey.jpg|A state-run [[Sociéte Nigerienne de Transports de Voyageurs|SNTV]] coach running between [[Ouagadougou]] (Burkina Faso) and [[Niamey]], Niger |
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File:Blvd_Mali_Bero_from_grand_mosquee_niamey.jpg|Truck and car traffic along Boulevard Mali Bero, [[Niamey]], Niger |
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</gallery> |
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==Physical geography== |
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===Agricultural geography=== |
===Agricultural geography=== |
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{{Main|Agriculture in Niger}} |
{{Main|Agriculture in Niger}} |
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[[File:Niger sat.png|thumb|275px|A satellite image depicting the [[physical geography]] of Niger]] |
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Land in Niger is used as arable land (660 km² of land in Niger is [[irrigation|irrigated]]) and as pasture. There are some forests and woodland. The table below describes the land use in Niger, as of 2011. |
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Some of the land in Niger is used as [[arable land]] (660 km² of land in Niger is [[irrigation|irrigated]]) and as [[pasture]]. There are some forests and woodland. The table below describes land use in Niger, as of 2011. |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
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|- |
|- |
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! arable land |
! arable land |
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| 11.79<ref name="The World Factbook" /> |
| 11.79 <ref name="The World Factbook" /> |
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|- |
|- |
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! permanent crops |
! permanent crops |
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| 0.05<ref name="The World Factbook" /> |
| 0.05 <ref name="The World Factbook" /> |
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|- |
|- |
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! other |
! other |
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| 88.16<ref name="The World Factbook" /> |
| 88.16 <ref name="The World Factbook" /> |
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|- |
|- |
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|} |
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=== |
===Climate=== |
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Niger's climate is largely hot and dry, with most of the country in a [[desert]] region. The terrain there is predominantly desert plains and sand [[dune]]s. There are also large plains in the south and hills in the north. In the extreme south, there is a [[tropical]] climate near the edges of the [[Niger River]] Basin. [[Lake Chad]] at the southeast corner of the country is shared between Niger, [[Nigeria]], [[Chad]], and [[Cameroon]]. |
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{{main|List of rivers of Niger}} |
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===Current issues=== |
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==Environment== |
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Current environmental issues in Niger include: overgrazing, [[soil erosion]], [[deforestation]], [[desertification]], recurring droughts, and endangered wildlife populations (such as the [[African elephant]], [[Northwest African cheetah]], [[West African giraffe]], and [[Addax]]), which are threatened because of poaching and habitat destruction.<ref>{{cite web|title=Niger: African Wildlife Foundation|url=http://www.awf.org/country/niger|website=AfricanWildlifeFoundation.com|accessdate=20 April 2015}}</ref> |
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===Natural hazards=== |
====Natural hazards==== |
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{{Main|Sahel drought}} |
{{Main|Sahel drought}} |
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[[File:Sahel Map-Africa rough.png|thumb|The [[Sahel]] region is a belt up to 1,000 km wide that spans Africa from the [[Atlantic Ocean]] to the [[Red Sea]]]] |
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Recurring [[drought]]s are a hazard in Niger.<ref>http://www.oxfam.org/sites/www.oxfam.org/files/bp168-learning-the-lessons-sahel-food-crisis-160413-en_1.pdf</ref><ref name="West African food crisis 2012">{{cite web | url=http://www.trust.org/spotlight/West-African-food-crisis-2012/ | title=West African food crisis 2012 | publisher=trust.com | date=22 January 2013 | accessdate=27 April 2013}}</ref> The [[2012 Sahel drought]], along with failed crops, insect plagues, high food prices and conflicts is currently effecting Niger causing a hunger crisis.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.trust.org/item/?map=coming-weeks-critical-to-tackle-sahel-hunger-un-humanitarian-chief | title=Coming weeks critical to tackle Sahel hunger ? U.N. humanitarian chief | publisher=trust.cm | date=24 May 2012 | accessdate=27 April 2013 | author=Fominyen, George}}</ref> Many families in Niger, still recovering from the [[2010 Sahel famine]], are being effect by the 2012 Sahel drought.<ref name="West African food crisis 2012" /> |
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Recurring [[drought]]s are a hazard in Niger.<ref>{{cite web|title=Learning the Lessons?|url=https://www.oxfam.org/sites/www.oxfam.org/files/bp168-learning-the-lessons-sahel-food-crisis-160413-en_1.pdf|publisher=Oxfam|accessdate=20 April 2015|date=16 April 2013}}</ref> The [[2012 Sahel drought]], along with failed crops, insect plagues, high food prices and conflicts is currently affecting Niger causing a hunger crisis.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.trust.org/item/?map=coming-weeks-critical-to-tackle-sahel-hunger-un-humanitarian-chief | title=Coming weeks critical to tackle Sahel hunger ? U.N. humanitarian chief | publisher=trust.cm | date=24 May 2012 | accessdate=27 April 2013 | author=Fominyen, George}}</ref> Many families in Niger, still recovering from the [[2010 Sahel famine]], are being affected by the 2012 Sahel drought.<ref name="West African food crisis 2012">{{cite web | url=http://www.trust.org/spotlight/West-African-food-crisis-2012/ | title=West African food crisis 2012 | publisher=trust.com | date=22 January 2013 | accessdate=27 April 2013}}</ref> |
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===Current issues=== |
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Current environmental issues in Niger include: overgrazing, [[soil erosion]], [[deforestation]], [[desertification]] and endangered wildlife populations (such as [[elephant]], [[hippopotamus]], [[giraffe]], and [[lion]]), which are threatened because of poaching and habitat destruction.{{Citation needed|date=April 2013}} |
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The [[2005–06 Niger food crisis]] created a severe, but localized [[food security]] crisis in the regions of northern [[Maradi Region|Maradi]], [[Tahoua (department)|Tahoua]], [[Tillabéri]], and [[Zinder]] of [[Niger]] from 2005 to 2006. It was caused by an early end to the 2004 rains, [[desert locust]] damage to some pasture lands, high food prices, and [[chronic poverty]]. |
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===Extreme points=== |
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*Northernmost point: [[Tripoint]] with Algeria and Libya, [[Agadez Region]]: 23°31'N.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Libya – Niger Boundary|journal=International Boundary Study|date=4 May 1961|accessdate=20 April 2015|url=http://archive.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/limitsinseas/IBS002.pdf| publisher=Office of the Geographer - Bureau of Intelligence and Research}}</ref> |
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*Southernmost point: Benin/Niger/Nigeria [[tripoint]], [[Dosso Region]]: 11°42'N |
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*Easternmost point: border with Chad, [[Agadez Region]]: [[16th meridian east|16°00'E]] |
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*Westernmost point: border with Mali and Burkina Faso, [[Tillabéri Region]]: 0°07'E |
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*Highest point: [[Mont Idoukal-n-Taghès]], [[Aïr Massif]], [[Agadez Region]]:{{convert|2022|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="The World Factbook" /> |
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*Lowest point: [[Niger River]] at Nigeria border, [[Dosso Region]]: {{convert|200|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="The World Factbook" /> |
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<gallery caption="" widths="220px" heights="150px"> |
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Image:Niger Topography.png|[[Topography]] of Niger |
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</gallery> |
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===International agreements=== |
===International agreements=== |
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Niger is a party to the following agreements: |
Niger is a party to the following agreements: |
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{{div col|colwidth=30em}} |
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*[[Biodiversity]] |
*[[Biodiversity]] |
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*[[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|Climate Change]] |
*[[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|Climate Change]] |
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*[[Ozone Layer Protection]] |
*[[Ozone Layer Protection]] |
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*[[Wetlands]] |
*[[Wetlands]] |
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{{div col end}} |
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Niger has signed, but not ratified the [[Kyoto Protocol]] and [[Law of the Sea]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?&src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXI~6&chapter=21&Temp=mtdsg3&lang=en|title=UNTC|publisher=United Nations}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-a&chapter=27&lang=en|title=UNTC|publisher=United Nations}}</ref> |
Niger has signed, but not ratified the [[Kyoto Protocol]] and [[Law of the Sea]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?&src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXI~6&chapter=21&Temp=mtdsg3&lang=en|title=UNTC|publisher=United Nations}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-a&chapter=27&lang=en|title=UNTC|publisher=United Nations}}</ref> |
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===National parks and reserves=== |
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[[File:IUCN Protected Areas WAP overview.png|thumb|[[IUCN]] Protected area in Niger]] |
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:''Main articles: [[List of national parks of Niger]] and [[Wildlife of Niger#National Parks and reserves|Wildlife of Niger § National Parks and reserves]]'' |
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Niger's protected areas comprise about 7.7 percent of the total land area.<ref name=Area>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/agpc/doc/Counprof/Niger/Niger.htm|title=Niger: Country Pasture/Forage Resource Profiles|accessdate=18 March 2013|publisher=FAO Organization}}</ref> Six of the reserves are fully categorized under the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] (IUCN). |
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===Natural resources=== |
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{{Main|Mining in Niger}} |
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Niger possesses the following natural resources: |
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{{div col|colwidth=30em}} |
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*[[Uranium]] <ref name="France backs Niger in talks with Areva over uranium mining">{{cite web | url=http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/feb/06/france-backs-niger-talks-areva-uranium | title=France backs Niger in talks with Areva over uranium mining | work=[[The Guardian]] | date=6 February 2014 | accessdate=9 February 2014}}</ref><ref name="THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF OTHER COUNTRIES OF AFRICA">{{cite web | url=http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country/1994/9247094.pdf | title=THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF OTHER COUNTRIES OF AFRICA | work=[[United States Geological Survey]] |year=1994 | accessdate=9 February 2014 | pages=21}}</ref> |
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*[[Coal]] <ref name="Coal the new weapon to stop desert advance">{{cite web | url=http://www.irinnews.org/report/50456/niger-coal-the-new-weapon-to-stop-desert-advance | title=NIGER: Coal the new weapon to stop desert advance | work=[[Integrated Regional Information Networks]] | date=1 July 2004 | accessdate=9 February 2014}}</ref> |
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*[[Iron ore]] <ref name="CROSS-BORDER DIARIES">{{cite web | url=http://www.oecd.org/swac/publications/38992286.pdf | title=CROSS-BORDER DIARIES | work=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] | date=June 2007 | accessdate=9 February 2014 | pages=52}}</ref> |
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*[[Tin]] <ref name="THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF OTHER COUNTRIES OF AFRICA" /> |
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*[[Phosphates]] <ref name="THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF OTHER COUNTRIES OF AFRICA" /> |
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*[[Gold]] <ref name="Semafo up 4% after tracing new trend over 10 kilometers in Niger">{{cite web | url=http://www.mining.com/semafo-up-4-after-tracing-new-trend-over-10-kilometers-in-niger/ | title=Semafo up 4% after tracing new trend over 10 kilometers in Niger | publisher=Mining.com | date=19 June 2013 | accessdate=9 February 2014 | author=Els, Frik}}</ref> |
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*[[Molybdenum]] |
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*[[Gypsum]] |
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*[[Salt]] <ref name="Protecting Niger’s Desert Salt Pans">{{cite web | url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2013/05/protecting-nigers-desert-salt-pans/ | title=Protecting Niger’s Desert Salt Pans | work=[[Inter Press Service]] | date=15 May 2013 | accessdate=9 February 2014 | author=Issa, Ousseini}}</ref> |
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*[[Oil]] <ref name="As refinery opens, Niger joins club of oil producers">{{cite web | url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hQcHDblgbEGuRpUaW4jhV6n_e5hw?docId=CNG.f2c02c700bcf33947db7403f3c93a92b.81 | title=As refinery opens, Niger joins club of oil producers | agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] | date=28 November 2011 | accessdate=9 February 2014}}</ref> |
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{{div col end}} |
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===Waterways=== |
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{{main|List of rivers of Niger}} |
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{{catseealso|Lakes of Niger|Oases of Niger}} |
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<gallery caption="" widths="220px" heights="165px"> |
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File:Lake Chad from Apollo 7.jpg|[[Lake Chad]] as seen from [[Apollo 7]] |
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File:Niger River Center Island.jpg|Mud houses on the center island at [[Lake Debo]], a wide section of the [[Niger River]] |
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File:Oasis-Bilma.jpg|The [[oasis]] at [[Bilma]], Niger |
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File:Timia Oasis.JPG|The [[Timia]] oasis |
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</gallery> |
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===Wildlife=== |
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{{main|Wildlife of Niger}} |
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<gallery caption="" widths="220px" heights="165px"> |
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File:Elephants bath park w Niger 2006.jpg|[[Elephant]]s photographed in the Niger section of the [[W National Park]] complex of protected areas |
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File:Girafeskoure.jpg|[[Giraffe]]s in [[Kouré, Niger|Kouré]], Niger |
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File:Musophaga violacea-20080321.jpg|A [[Violet turaco]] |
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</gallery> |
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==Political geography== |
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{{seealso|Politics of Niger|Foreign relations of Niger}} |
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Surrounded by seven other countries, Niger has a total of 5,834 km of borders. The longest border is with [[Nigeria]] to the south, at 1,608 km. This is followed by [[Chad]] to the east (1,196 km), [[Algeria]] to the north-northwest (951 km), and [[Mali]] to the west (838 km). Niger also has short borders in its far southwest frontier ([[Burkina Faso]] at 622 km and [[Benin]] at 277 km) and to the north-northeast ([[Libya]] at 342 km).<ref name="The World Factbook" /> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{portal |
{{portal|Niger|Geography}} |
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*[[Departments of Niger]] |
* [[Departments of Niger]] |
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*[[List of national parks of Niger]] |
* [[List of national parks of Niger]] |
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*[[ |
* [[Outline of Niger]] |
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* [[Regions of Niger]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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*L. Herrmann, K. Stahr and K. Vennemann. [https://www.uni-hohenheim.de/~atlas308/startpages/page2/english/content/title_en.htm Atlas of Natural and Agronomic Resources of Niger and Benin], "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft" (German Research Foundation), the University of Hohenheim. (No date). Retrieved 2008-02-22. |
*L. Herrmann, K. Stahr and K. Vennemann. [https://www.uni-hohenheim.de/~atlas308/startpages/page2/english/content/title_en.htm Atlas of Natural and Agronomic Resources of Niger and Benin], "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft" (German Research Foundation), the University of Hohenheim. (No date). Retrieved 2008-02-22. |
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{{Regions and departments of Niger}} |
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{{Niger topics footer}} |
{{Niger topics footer}} |
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{{Geography of Africa}} |
{{Geography of Africa}} |