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{{Coord|20|31|25|N|85|47|17|E|display=title}} |
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{{more citations needed|date=March 2012}} |
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{{Infobox country |
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| image_map_caption = The Gajapatis at their height in the mid-15th century.<ref>For a map of their territory see: {{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=147, map XIV.4 (c)|isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=186}}</ref> |
| image_map_caption = The Gajapatis at their height in the mid-15th century.<ref>For a map of their territory see: {{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=147, map XIV.4 (c)|isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=186}}</ref> |
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| capital = [[Cuttack]] |
| capital = [[Cuttack]] |
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| common_languages = [[Odia language|Odia]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2011/Feb-Mar/engpdf/55-59.pdf | title=Classicism of Odia Language | work=Orissa Review | first=G. K. | last=Srichandan | page=54 | date= |
| common_languages = [[Odia language|Odia]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2011/Feb-Mar/engpdf/55-59.pdf | title=Classicism of Odia Language | work=Orissa Review | first=G. K. | last=Srichandan | page=54 | date=February–March 2011 | access-date=28 June 2019 }}</ref> |
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| religion = [[Hinduism]] |
| religion = [[Hinduism]] |
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| government_type = Monarchy |
| government_type = Monarchy |
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The region known as Kalinga (present-day Odisha) was controlled by the [[Odia people|Odia]] rulers [[Eastern Ganga Dynasty|Eastern Gangas]] of the [[Vasistha]] gotra. The early Eastern Gangas ruled from Kalinga-nagara (Mukhalingam near [[Srikakulam]], Andhra Pradesh). They shifted their capital to Cuttack in the 13th century. Religious leader [[Ramanujacharya]] had a great influence on the Raja Choda Ganga Deva, who renovated the temple at [[Puri]]. Narasingha Deva built the [[Sun Temple]] at [[Konark]]. The Gangas were succeeded by the Gajapati rulers. Two copper plates of the early Pallava dynasty have been found in the Kolleru Lake, traced to Gajapati Langula Narasimha Deva, an Oriya ruler (Odia Raja). According to legend, the Gajapati fort was located at Kolleti Kota on one of the eastern islands of the lake, which protected the [[Odia people|Odia]] forces. The enemy general encamped at Chiguru Kota located on the shores and tried to excavate a channel in the modern-day Upputeru, so that the water of the lake would empty into the sea and allow an attack on the Gajapati fort. |
The region known as Kalinga (present-day Odisha) was controlled by the [[Odia people|Odia]] rulers [[Eastern Ganga Dynasty|Eastern Gangas]] of the [[Vasistha]] gotra. The early Eastern Gangas ruled from Kalinga-nagara (Mukhalingam near [[Srikakulam]], Andhra Pradesh). They shifted their capital to Cuttack in the 13th century. Religious leader [[Ramanujacharya]] had a great influence on the Raja Choda Ganga Deva, who renovated the temple at [[Puri]]. Narasingha Deva built the [[Sun Temple]] at [[Konark]]. The Gangas were succeeded by the Gajapati rulers. Two copper plates of the early Pallava dynasty have been found in the Kolleru Lake, traced to Gajapati Langula Narasimha Deva, an Oriya ruler (Odia Raja). According to legend, the Gajapati fort was located at Kolleti Kota on one of the eastern islands of the lake, which protected the [[Odia people|Odia]] forces. The enemy general encamped at Chiguru Kota located on the shores and tried to excavate a channel in the modern-day Upputeru, so that the water of the lake would empty into the sea and allow an attack on the Gajapati fort. |
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The Gajapatis of Odisha, at the height of their power in the 15th century, ruled over an empire extending from the [[Ganges]] in the north near [[Hooghly district|Hoogly]] to the [[Cauvery]] in the south under Gajapati Kapilendra Deva.<ref>''A History of South India'', [[K.A. Nilakanta Sastri]]</ref>{{full|date=June 2020}} But by the early 16th century, the Gajapatis lost great portions of their southern dominion to [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar]] and [[Golconda]]. This period was marked by the influence of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu and by the expansion of Jaganatha temple across the length and breadth of the empire. One of the causes of the reduction in militarism of the population has been attested to the Bhakti movement initiated by Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, who arrived in the empire at the time of Emperor Prataparudra and stayed for 18 long years at Puri.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} Emperor Prataparudra was highly influenced by the works of Chaitanya and gave up the military tradition of the Odia emperors.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} He retired himself into the life of an ascetic leaving the future of the empire uncertain. Govinda Vidyadhara took the opportunity to murder the sons of the emperor and usurped the throne himself and carved out the destruction of the once mighty empire.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} |
The Gajapatis of Odisha, at the height of their power in the 15th century, ruled over an empire extending from the [[Ganges]] in the north near [[Hooghly district|Hoogly]] to the [[Cauvery]] in the south under Gajapati Kapilendra Deva.<ref>''A History of South India'', [[K.A. Nilakanta Sastri]]</ref>{{full citation needed|date=June 2020}} But by the early 16th century, the Gajapatis lost great portions of their southern dominion to [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar]] and [[Golconda]]. This period was marked by the influence of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu and by the expansion of Jaganatha temple across the length and breadth of the empire. One of the causes of the reduction in militarism of the population has been attested to the Bhakti movement initiated by Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, who arrived in the empire at the time of Emperor Prataparudra and stayed for 18 long years at Puri.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} Emperor Prataparudra was highly influenced by the works of Chaitanya and gave up the military tradition of the Odia emperors.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} He retired himself into the life of an ascetic leaving the future of the empire uncertain. Govinda Vidyadhara took the opportunity to murder the sons of the emperor and usurped the throne himself and carved out the destruction of the once mighty empire.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} |
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==Rulers== |
==Rulers== |
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==Descendants== |
==Descendants== |
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===Talcher branch=== |
===Talcher branch=== |
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{{ |
{{Main|Talcher State}} |
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During the reign of [[Purushottama Deva]], the overlordship of Bhimanagari was established in 1471 CE in the region by Narahari Singh who was the scion of the family of the ruling Suryavanshi Gajapati Kings of Odisha. Later in 1578 under the reign of Padmanabha Birabara Harichandan, the kingdom was renamed as Talcher after the name of the family goddess Taleshwari.<ref>{{citation |title=ODISHA DISTRICT GAZETTEERS ANGUL |publisher=GAD, Govt of Odisha |url=http://www.gopabandhuacademy.gov.in/sites/default/files/gazetter/Angul_Gazetteer.pdf | |
During the reign of [[Purushottama Deva]], the overlordship of Bhimanagari was established in 1471 CE in the region by Narahari Singh who was the scion of the family of the ruling Suryavanshi Gajapati Kings of Odisha. Later in 1578 under the reign of Padmanabha Birabara Harichandan, the kingdom was renamed as Talcher after the name of the family goddess Taleshwari.<ref>{{citation |title=ODISHA DISTRICT GAZETTEERS ANGUL |publisher=GAD, Govt of Odisha |url=http://www.gopabandhuacademy.gov.in/sites/default/files/gazetter/Angul_Gazetteer.pdf |pages=51–54 |date=2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Mishra | first=DP | title=People's Revolt in Orissa: A Study of Talcher | publisher=Atlantic | year=1998 | isbn=978-81-7074-014-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W8GXSR0SiF8C&q=talcher+suryavanshi&pg=PA51 |pages=51–54 | access-date=2021-03-06 }}</ref> The kingdom acceded to India and merged into the state of [[Odisha]] following independence in 1947. |
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==Gallery== |
==Gallery== |
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{{HistoryOfSouthAsia}} |
{{HistoryOfSouthAsia}} |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
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File:Oriya land grant.jpg|15th century copper plate grant of |
File:Oriya land grant.jpg|15th century copper plate grant of Gajapati emperor [[Purushottama Deva]] |
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File:Lingaraj Temple Inscription of Kapilendra Deva 1.png|alt=Lingaraj Temple Inscription of Kapilendra Deva issuing warning to the vassal kings for complete loyalty to him or else loose their property and be banished from the kingdom|Lingaraj Temple Inscription of [[Kapilendra Deva]] |
File:Lingaraj Temple Inscription of Kapilendra Deva 1.png|alt=Lingaraj Temple Inscription of Kapilendra Deva issuing warning to the vassal kings for complete loyalty to him or else loose their property and be banished from the kingdom|Lingaraj Temple Inscription of [[Kapilendra Deva]] |
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File:Monuments of ekamrakhetra.JPG|Kapileswar Temple at old Bhubaneswar built during Kapilendra Deva |
File:Monuments of ekamrakhetra.JPG|Kapileswar Temple at old Bhubaneswar built during Kapilendra Deva |
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{{Odisha}} |
{{Odisha}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Dynasties of India]] |
[[Category:Dynasties of India]] |
Revision as of 17:44, 26 March 2021
20°31′25″N 85°47′17″E / 20.52361°N 85.78806°E
Gajapati Empire | |||||||||||||
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1434 CE–1541 CE | |||||||||||||
Capital | Cuttack | ||||||||||||
Common languages | Odia[2] | ||||||||||||
Religion | Hinduism | ||||||||||||
Government | Monarchy | ||||||||||||
King | |||||||||||||
• 1434–66 | Kapilendra Deva | ||||||||||||
• 1466–97 | Purushottama Deva | ||||||||||||
• 1497–1540 | Prataprudra Deva | ||||||||||||
• 1540–1541 | Kalua Deva | ||||||||||||
• 1541 | Kakharua Deva | ||||||||||||
Historical era | Medieval India | ||||||||||||
• Established | 1434 CE | ||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1541 CE | ||||||||||||
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The Gajapati Kingdom was established by the Suryavamsa (IAST: Sūryavaṃśa, "Solar dynasty")[3][4] or Routray dynasty,[5] who were a medieval Hindu dynasty from the Indian subcontinent, which originated in the region of Odradesha (historical region ruled by samrat Odra) (most of present-day Odisha and Northern coastal Andhra) from 1434 to 1541 CE. Under Kapilendra Deva, Gajapatis became an empire stretching from the lower Ganga in the north to the Kaveri in the south.[6]
The Gajapati dynasty was established by Emperor Kapilendra Deva (1434–66 CE) in 1434. During the reign of Kapilendra Deva, the borders of the empire were expanded immensely; from large parts of Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal, and the eastern and central parts of Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand. The king took the title of Sri Sri ... (108 times) Gajapati Gaudesvara Nava Koti Karnata Kalvargesvara. This title is still used by their descendants at Puri during the Ratha Yatra. The significant rulers of this dynasty were Purushottama Deva (1466–1497) and Prataparudra Deva (1497–1540). The last ruler Kakharua Deva was killed by Govinda Vidyadhara in 1541, who founded the Bhoi dynasty.
Etymology
In Odia, "Gaja" means elephant and "Pati" means master or husband. As such, Gajapati etymologically means a king with an army of elephants.
History
The region known as Kalinga (present-day Odisha) was controlled by the Odia rulers Eastern Gangas of the Vasistha gotra. The early Eastern Gangas ruled from Kalinga-nagara (Mukhalingam near Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh). They shifted their capital to Cuttack in the 13th century. Religious leader Ramanujacharya had a great influence on the Raja Choda Ganga Deva, who renovated the temple at Puri. Narasingha Deva built the Sun Temple at Konark. The Gangas were succeeded by the Gajapati rulers. Two copper plates of the early Pallava dynasty have been found in the Kolleru Lake, traced to Gajapati Langula Narasimha Deva, an Oriya ruler (Odia Raja). According to legend, the Gajapati fort was located at Kolleti Kota on one of the eastern islands of the lake, which protected the Odia forces. The enemy general encamped at Chiguru Kota located on the shores and tried to excavate a channel in the modern-day Upputeru, so that the water of the lake would empty into the sea and allow an attack on the Gajapati fort.
The Gajapatis of Odisha, at the height of their power in the 15th century, ruled over an empire extending from the Ganges in the north near Hoogly to the Cauvery in the south under Gajapati Kapilendra Deva.[7][full citation needed] But by the early 16th century, the Gajapatis lost great portions of their southern dominion to Vijayanagar and Golconda. This period was marked by the influence of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu and by the expansion of Jaganatha temple across the length and breadth of the empire. One of the causes of the reduction in militarism of the population has been attested to the Bhakti movement initiated by Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, who arrived in the empire at the time of Emperor Prataparudra and stayed for 18 long years at Puri.[citation needed] Emperor Prataparudra was highly influenced by the works of Chaitanya and gave up the military tradition of the Odia emperors.[citation needed] He retired himself into the life of an ascetic leaving the future of the empire uncertain. Govinda Vidyadhara took the opportunity to murder the sons of the emperor and usurped the throne himself and carved out the destruction of the once mighty empire.[citation needed]
Rulers
- Kapilendra Deva (1434–70)[8]
- Purushottama Deva (1470–97)
- Prataparudra Deva (1497–1540)
- Kalua Deva (1540–41)
- Kakharua Deva (1541)
Descendants
Talcher branch
During the reign of Purushottama Deva, the overlordship of Bhimanagari was established in 1471 CE in the region by Narahari Singh who was the scion of the family of the ruling Suryavanshi Gajapati Kings of Odisha. Later in 1578 under the reign of Padmanabha Birabara Harichandan, the kingdom was renamed as Talcher after the name of the family goddess Taleshwari.[9][10] The kingdom acceded to India and merged into the state of Odisha following independence in 1947.
Gallery
History of South Asia |
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15th century copper plate grant of Gajapati emperor Purushottama Deva
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Lingaraj Temple Inscription of Kapilendra Deva
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Kapileswar Temple at old Bhubaneswar built during Kapilendra Deva
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Narendra tank at Puri built during the rule of Kapilendra Deva
See also
References
- ^ For a map of their territory see: Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.4 (c). ISBN 0226742210.
- ^ Srichandan, G. K. (February–March 2011). "Classicism of Odia Language" (PDF). Orissa Review. p. 54. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
- ^ Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra; Pusalker, A. D.; Majumdar, A. K., eds. (1960). The History and Culture of the Indian People Volume=VI: The Delhi Sultanate. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 365. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
- ^ Hermann Kulke (1976), Kshatriyaization and social change: A Study in Orissa setting (PDF), Popular Prakashan, p. 402,
Suryavamsa...kings of the Suryavamsa(1435-1540)
- ^ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 121–122. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
- ^ Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra; Pusalker, A. D.; Majumdar, A. K., eds. (1960). The History and Culture of the Indian People. Vol. VI: The Delhi Sultanate. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 367.
[Describing the Gajapati kings of Orissa] Kapilendra was the most powerful Hindu king of his time, and under him Orissa became an empire stretching from the lower Ganga in the north to the Kaveri in the south.
- ^ A History of South India, K.A. Nilakanta Sastri
- ^ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 121–122. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
- ^ ODISHA DISTRICT GAZETTEERS ANGUL (PDF), GAD, Govt of Odisha, 2010, pp. 51–54
- ^ Mishra, DP (1998). People's Revolt in Orissa: A Study of Talcher. Atlantic. pp. 51–54. ISBN 978-81-7074-014-8. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
Bibliography
- Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra; Pusalker, A. D.; Majumdar, A. K., eds. (1960). The History and Culture of the Indian People. Vol. VI: The Delhi Sultanate. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. pp. 365–372.