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→Doimi de Lupis's name claiming: Deleted everything that made no attemp at a neutral POV, was so grammatically incorrect as to be rendered illegible, had claims without sourcing or that were not supported in the sources provided, or was based on tabloid articles, which are inappropriate as sources. Added P. Frankopan's 2019 statement. |
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== Current use of Frankopan name == |
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In 1991, Croatia-born aristocrat Louis Nicholas Anthony Doimi du Subic (b. 1939 - d. 2018),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/thetimes-uk/obituary.aspx?n=louis-nicholas-anthony-doimi-frankopan&pid=190289574 |title=Louis Nicholas Anthony Doimi Frankopan |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=September 22, 2018 |website=Times Obituaries Legacy |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref> by then a [[United Kingdom|British]] citizen after having left Croatia when his family's land and fortune was seized by the Yugoslavian government after World War II,<ref name=Gapper>{{cite news |last=Gapper |first=John |date=April 19, 2019 |title=Silk Roads author Peter Frankopan: ‘We’re in trouble in the long term’ |url=https://www.ft.com/content/2fb8a5ea-5c4f-11e9-939a-341f5ada9d40 |work=Financial Times |location= |access-date=May 29, 2019 }}</ref> changed his surname to "Doimi de Frankopan [[Šubić family|Šubić]] [[Zrinski family|Zrinski]]" |
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Although the noble family of Frankopan ended in the 17th century there were unsuccessful attempts of seizing their name and holdings in the centuries that followed. The newest such a case is claim by some members of the Dojmi di Delupis (''Doimi de Lupis'') family, originally a 13th-century minor noble family from the island of [[Vis (island)|Vis]] who were never connected to the Frankopans in historical and genealogical documents.<ref name="Durbešić">{{cite journal |url=http://plemstvo.hr/content/include/glasnik/HPZ-glasnik-No6.pdf |language=Croatian |last=Durbešić |first=Ivo pl. |title=Časna plemićka viška obitelj Doimi di Delupis i obmanjivači |trans-title=Honour Vis Nobility Family Doimi di Delupis and the Delusioner |year=2008 |journal=Glasnik Hrvatskog plemićkog zbora |publisher=Hrvatski plemićki zbor |issue=6 |pages=33–43}}</ref> In 1991,<ref name="Durbešić"/> Vjekoslav (Louis) Doimi de Lupis (originally also Dujmić-Vukasinović<ref name="Mirnik2004"/>), by then a [[United Kingdom|British]] citizen, changed his surname to "Doimi de Frankopan [[Šubić family|Šubić]] [[Zrinski family|Zrinski]]" under British Civil law,<ref>{{cite web|title=Royal match that really is a fairytale|url=https://article.wn.com/view/2006/09/29/Royal_match_that_really_is_a_fairytale/|author=David Brown|display-authors=etal|publisher=The Times|date=30 September 2006}}</ref> adding several names of ancient Croatian noble families that combined in such a fashion were historically never attributed to any member of mentioned noble families. In the late 1990s, trying to save the reputation of his family name, Louis's cousin Mirko Jamnicki-Dojmi di Delupis wrote an [[open letter]] where he denounced claims over Frankopan, Šubić and Zrinski names by his family and presented the family tree of Dojmi di Delupis containing 129 names from the year 1200 onwards.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://arhiva.nacional.hr/clanak/13230/hrvatska-misija-laznih-frankopana|title=Hrvatska misija lažnih Frankopana|publisher=Nacional online edition (nacional.hr)|date=2002-09-25}}</ref> Louis's descendants include [[Lady Nicholas Windsor]] and historian [[Peter Frankopan]]. |
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Subsequently, the Croatian Nobility Association froze his membership and then expelled him in 2006 due to "false representation and violation of ethical norms".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dubrovniknet.hr/novost.php?id=20881#.Wda5-8Zx2t8|title=Lažno predstavljanje - Jeste li znali da postoje princ i princeza Frankopan Šubić Zrinski|publisher=dubrovniknet.hr|date=2012-10-25}}</ref> |
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Subsequently, the Croatian Nobility Association, which accepted Vjekoslav pl. Lupis in 1996, at the time not knowing that part of the family falsely presents itself, firstly froze his membership and then expelled him in 2006 due to "false representation and violation of ethical norms".<ref name="Durbešić"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dubrovniknet.hr/novost.php?id=20881#.Wda5-8Zx2t8|title=Lažno predstavljanje - Jeste li znali da postoje princ i princeza Frankopan Šubić Zrinski|publisher=dubrovniknet.hr|date=2012-10-25}}</ref> In the letter it also called that "a legal state should react when somebody starts to pretend to be a knez, prince or princess Frankopan or Zrinski, and so muddle the names of our well-known old extinct noble families that never were decorating themselves with inappropriate titles".<ref name="Mirnik2004">{{citation |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/28027?lang=en |language=Croatian |last=Mirnik |first=Ivan |title=Luc OREŠKOVIĆ. Les Frangipani. Un exemple de la réputation des lignages au XVIIe siècle en Europe. Cahiers Croates. Hors-serie 1, 2003. Izdanje: Almae matris croaticae alumni (A.M.C.A.). Odgovoran za publikaciju: Vlatko Marić. Mali oktav, str. 151, 33 sl., 1 genealoška shema, 7 shematskih prikaza međusobnih odnosa, tablice s opisima grbova na 7 str. ISSN nedostaje (Review article) |year=2004 |journal=Historical contributions |publisher=Croatian Institute of History |volume=27 |issue=27 |page=167–179 |via=Hrčak - Portal znanstvenih časopisa Republike Hrvatske}}</ref> Additionally, John Kennedy, editor of directory of Europe's royalty and nobility [[Almanach de Gotha]], stated that the use of the name Frankopan by Doimi de Lupis family is "more aspirational than inherited".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.hr/books?id=NtuCCgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=hr#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Past is a Foreign Country - Revisited|author=David Lowenthal|publisher= Cambridge University Press|year=2015|page=42}}</ref> |
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In 2019, Louis' son, hotelier and historian [[Peter Frankopan]], defended his father's change from using the surname Doimi du Subic to using Frankopan: 'We were given the name Frangipani by the Pope in 1425. Then in 1671, the other branch of the family had their heads cut off. We lived in Dalmatia, along the coast, minding our own business. We always had the same name.”<ref name=Gapper/> |
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In 2002, the wife of Louis Doimi de Lupis, [[Sweden|Swedish]] lawyer [[Ingrid Detter de Frankopan|Ingrid Detter]], bought the Ribnik Castle, once propriety of the Frankopans, and today in the [[Register of Cultural Goods of Croatia]] (Z-301), for the price of 1,6 million [[Croatian kuna|kuna]]s. Although by the contract with the [[Ribnik, Croatia|Ribnik municipality]] and in accordance with the decision of the [[Ministry of Culture (Croatia)|Ministry of Culture]], the Directorate for the Protection of Cultural Heritage, was obligated to renovate and open it for the public, until 2018 almost nothing was invested, is in even worse shape, and still closed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/frankopani-upropastili-ribnik-%E2%80%98rekla-nam-je-da-je-savjetnica-pape-pa-smo-joj-dali-dvorac%E2%80%99/1515270|title=Frankopani upropastili Ribnik: ‘Rekla nam je da je savjetnica pape pa smo joj dali dvorac’|trans-title=Frankopan ruined Ribnik: 'She told us that was an advisor of Pope so we gave her a castle'|publisher=[[Jutarnji list]]|date=7 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006062333/http://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/frankopani-upropastili-ribnik-%E2%80%98rekla-nam-je-da-je-savjetnica-pape-pa-smo-joj-dali-dvorac%E2%80%99/1515270/|archive-date=6 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jutarnji.hr/globus/arhiva/prokletstvo-dvorca-ribnik/4083099/|title=Prokletstvo dvorca Ribnik|trans-title=Curse of Castle Ribnik|publisher=[[Jutarnji list]]|date=30 December 2013|accessdate=17 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://kaportal.rtl.hr/u-ribniku-predstavljeni-razvojni-projekti-karlovacka-zupanija-zeli-otkupiti-dvorac-i-turisticki-ga-valorizirati/|title=U Ribniku predstavljeni razvojni projekti, jedan od njih vezan i za dvorac – od privatnog vlasnika želi ga kupiti Karlovačka županija|trans-title=In Ribnik are presented development projects, one of them related to the castle - from a private owner wants to buy it Karlovac County|publisher=[[Jutarnji list]]|date=27 August 2018|accessdate=17 April 2019}}</ref> In the 2000s, she influenced with false information the publishing of a book ''Les Frangipani. Un exemple de la réputation des lignages au XVIIe siècle en Europe'' (2003) by L. Orešković, with the intention to distort history about these two families as it attempted to prove the existence of "Princes of Doimi de Frankopan" which never existed. In 2003, she also founded the literary awards "Katarina Zrinska" and "Petar Zrinski". In the same year, during the [[Pope John Paul II]] visit of [[Trsat#The Shrine of Our Lady of Trsat|The Shrine of Our Lady of Trsat]], which was tightly related to the Frankopan family, the members of de Lupis family managed to get presented not by their original name yet as Frankopans.<ref name="Mirnik2004"/> |
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Having previously adopted the title of Count,<ref>Daily Telegraph, April 30, 1997</ref> Louis Doimi de Lupis together with his wife and children eventually started to use the title of Prince, a royal title never held by the Frankopans, claiming that an [[Italy|Italian]] court gave them the right to use the name of Croatian noble family the Frankopans as well as the style of Prince/Princess in the late 2000s. The Frankopan's historical title [[Knyaz|knez]],<ref name=hemk /> was at the time high [[feudal]] hereditary title,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?id=32058|title=knez|publisher=[[Croatian Encyclopedia]] by [[Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography]] (online edition)|accessdate=2017-10-17}}</ref> which was translated as ''conte'' in Italian historical sources,<ref name=trecc /> and is equivalent of [[Count]] in English. Apart from the sources where certain members of Doimi de Lupis family claim to be Croatian princes,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/books/authors/peter-frankopan-interview|title= Peter Frankopan: "This idea of globalisation as something Facebook taught us is rubbish"|publisher=The Telegraph(telegraph.co.uk)|date=2015-08-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/you/article-1229251/Jessica-Frankopan-The-member-Sainsbury-family-heart-lies-hotels.html|title=The height of good manors: Meet the member of the Sainsbury family whose heart lies in hotels|publisher=Mail Online (dailymail.co.uk)|date=2009-11-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geni.com/people/Princess-Paola-Doimi-de-Lupis-de-Frankopan-%C5%A0ubic-Zrinski-Lady-Nicholas-Windsor/6000000001488896216|title=Princess Paola Doimi de Lupis de Frankopan Šubic Zrinski, Lady Nicholas Windsor|publisher=geni.com|accessdate=2017-10-17}}</ref> it is possible to find online sources where they are styled as "Prince/Princess ... of Croatia",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/4262633/Royal-pretender.html|title=Royal pretender|publisher=The Telegraph (telegraph.co.uk)|date=2001-06-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/the-cinderella-syndrome/100328.article#survey-answer|title=The Cinderella syndrome|publisher=[[Times Higher Education World University Rankings|The World University Rankings]] website (timeshighereducation.com)|date=1997-06-13}}</ref> which is a royal title that only the [[Ferdinand Zvonimir von Habsburg|heir apparent]] of the [[House of Habsburg-Lorraine]] could illegitimately claim. |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
Revision as of 05:37, 29 May 2019
Frankopan | |
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Country | Republic of Venice Kingdom of Croatia |
Founded | 1118[1] |
Founder | Dujam I Krčki[2] |
Final ruler | Fran Krsto Frankopan[2] |
Titles | Count of Krk, Modruš, Senj and Tržac[3] Ban of Croatia[2] |
Dissolution | 1671[1] |
The Frankopan family (Croatian: Frankopani, Frankapani, Italian: Frangipani, Hungarian: Frangepán, Latin: Frangepanus/Francopanus), was a Croatian noble family, whose members were among the great landowner magnates and high officers of the Kingdom of Croatia in union with Hungary.
History
The Frankopan family was one of the leading Croatian aristocratic families from the 12th to the 17th century. Since the 15th century they were trying to link themselves to the Roman patrician Frangipani family (which claimed descent from a Roman plebeian family of Anicii and ended in 1654 with Mario Frangipane being its last male descendant[4]). However Croatian Encyclopedia,[5] Italian Encyclopedia[6] and German Biographical Lexicon of the History of Southeastern Europe[7] by the Leibniz Institute for East and Southeast European Studies highly question the bloodline connection between the two families and remind of the common fashion of medieval noble families in Europe to try and connect themselves to ancient Roman nobility. Along with the members of the Zrinski family the Frankopan ranked high in terms of importance by virtue of power, wealth, fame, glory and role in Croatian and Hungarian history. The first known member of Croatian lineage of the Frankopan family was Dujam I Krčki (Doymus Veglenfis in Latin sources that also attribute the title of comes to him[8][9]), lord of Krk who received permission by Domenico Michieli, Doge of Venice from 1118 to 1130, to rule the island of Krk as vassal of the Republic of Venice.[5][2] His exact origin is unknown, but he and his descendants were referred to as the Counts of Krk in historical documents.[5][6][2] In 1428 Nikola IV Krčki (Ban of Croatia and Dalmatia from 1426 to 1432) was the first of the Counts of Krk to call himself Frankapan.[10] In 1430 he managed to receive recognition from Pope Martin V for being a descendant of the old Roman patrician family Frangipani and officially started using their name and coat of arms.[1][10]
In 1240–1241 the Mongol Empire advanced from Poland toward Hungary whose King, Béla IV resisted bravely but finally had to seek refuge in Dalmatia. King Béla stayed with the Frankopans who assisted him with arms and funds and brought him into safety in Veglia and then brought him back to his own land. As reward the King gave the Frankopans the county of Senj with surrounding lands and the castle of Modruš.[11]
In 1246 there was another war, between Frederick II, Duke of Austria and Béla, who, with the assistance of the Frankopan, won a victory. As a further reward, King Béla then, by royal decree, created the Frankopans as Lords of their territory for them and their descendants.[11]
The Frankopans constantly supported the Catholic Church. In particular, Nikola Frankopan reconstructed the Holy House of Our Lady in 1294 in Tersatto (Trsat).[11] It is recorded that in 1291, Nikola Frankopan sent a delegation to Nazareth to measure the Holy House after the House had been saved, presumably by the Crusaders, and brought to Trsat or Tersatto, on the Adriatic Coast where the Frankopans had a castle. In 1294 Nikola Frankopan, gave the Holy House to the Pope to be placed on Papal lands, at Loreto, near Ancona.
Although the possessions of the family were exposed to every assault both from the east and the west, their power increased steadily until the 17th century when their lands reached further east. The Zrinski and Frankopan families came into closer affinity by marriage ties until in the eyes of the European courts they had become one of the most important families of Croatia.
In 1420 the Swedish King Erik of Pomerania called Ivan VI Frankopan, the eldest son of the Croatian ban Nikola IV, to Sweden to accompany the Swedish King to the Holy Land and later to assist the King at the Court in Sweden. Ivan VI Frankopan lived in Sweden at intervals between 1420 and 1430. After his father's death he returned to his home country. His eldest son called Matthias (Matija)[12] stayed in Sweden.
In 1425 Emperor Sigismund confirmed the noble status of Nikola Frankopan referring to him as Niklas Frangiapan Comes de Begle, Segnie et Modrusse (Nikola Frankopan, Count of Krk, Senj and Modruš)[13][14] using the Latin title of comes. He also granted the family the privileges of red wax, (Rotwachsprivilegien), i.e., the right to use red wax for their seals. Sigismund underlines at the end of this document that no one must ever dispute these rights of the family.[15]
Bernardin Frankopan's (1453–1529) paternal grandmother Dorothy was from a prominent Hungarian noble family, Garay, while his mother Isotta from Este family was Duchy of Ferrara of Ferrara. Through ancestry from royal Spanish families Bernardin had even Árpád ancestry (the Árpád dynasty founded the Kingdom of Hungary.) The Frankopan family was persecuted after the Zrinski-Frankopan conspiracy, where the Count Fran Krsto Frankopan participated in an uprising against Habsburg King Leopold I. He and his brother-in-law, Petar Zrinski were executed in Wiener Neustadt.
The line of Stjepan II Frankopan, Ban of Croatia (d. 1481), died out with Katarina Frankopan in the 16th century. The line of Sigismund Frankopan expired with Franjo Frankopan, Bishop of Eger in 1542. Another branch died out in 1572 with Franjo Frankopan, Ban of Croatia; and the Trsat branch died out with Fran Krsto Frankopan in 1671 (and in the female line with Julianna Frankopan, Countess of Traun).[3]
Notable members
- Ivan V (Anž) of Krk (died 1393), Ban of Croatia
- Nikola IV Frankopan (c.1360–1432), first "Frankopan" and son of Ivan V of Krk also Ban of Croatia
- Ivan VI Frankopan (Hungarian: János) (died 1436), son of Nikola IV Frankopan and Ban of Croatia
- Stjepan III Frankopan (Hungarian: István) (c. 1416–1481 or 1484), son of Nikola IV Frankopan. Co-ruled with Ban Ivan VI Frankopan.
- Ivan VII Frankopan, ruled the Principality of Krk between 1451 and 1480.
- Bernardin Frankopan (1453–1529) Son of Stjepan Frankopan. Influential nobleman, diplomat, and warrior.
- Nikola V Frankopan (died 1456–1458), son of Nikola IV Frankopan and Ban of Croatia and Slavonia
- Beatrice Frankopan (1480–c. 1510), heiress of Hunyad Castle and wife of John Corvinus
- Krsto Frankopan (1482–1527), son of Bernardin Frankopan and Ban of Croatia
- Juraj III Frankopan (?–1553), signatory of Cetingrad Charter (1527)
- Franjo Frankopan (1536 – 1572), Ban of Croatia
- Vuk II Krsto Frankopan (c. 1578–c. 1652), general of Karlovac generalate
- Franjo Frankopan Cetinski, archbishop, bishop, and diplomat
- Nikola IX Frankopan of Tržac (died 1647), Ban of Croatia
- Katarina Zrinska (c.1625–1673), daughter of Vuk Krsto Frankopan. Married Petar Zrinski, Ban of Croatia.
- Fran Krsto Frankopan (beheaded in 1671), promulgated the Zrinski-Frankopan conspiracy, known as Wesselényi conspiracy in Hungary.
Holdings
Several of the Frankopan castles remain in Croatia, mostly around the Gorski kotar region and the island of Krk. The castle at Stara Susica near Trsat incorporates structures going back to the Illyrian and Roman periods. The town of Bosiljevo has a medieval fortified castle, renovated in the last century in the spirit of the Romanesque. The castle and park at Severin na Kupi were owned by the Frankopan family until the mid-17th century. Other castles or property of the Frankopans could be found in Ribnik, Bosiljevo, Novi Vinodolski, Drivenik, Ogulin, Slunj, Ozalj, Cetingrad, Trsat, and other surrounding towns. The Frankopan castle in the town of Krk is currently used for open-air performances in the summer months. Some castles which were propriety of the family:
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Ruins of Tržan Castle in Modruš, once a seat of the Frankopan family on Croatian mainland
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Drežnik Castle
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Grobnik Castle
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Novi Vinodolski Castle
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Novigrad na Dobri Castle
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Ribnik Castle
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Slunj Castle
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Severin na Kupi Castle
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Stara Sušica Castle
Current use of Frankopan name
In 1991, Croatia-born aristocrat Louis Nicholas Anthony Doimi du Subic (b. 1939 - d. 2018),[16] by then a British citizen after having left Croatia when his family's land and fortune was seized by the Yugoslavian government after World War II,[17] changed his surname to "Doimi de Frankopan Šubić Zrinski"
Subsequently, the Croatian Nobility Association froze his membership and then expelled him in 2006 due to "false representation and violation of ethical norms".[18]
In 2019, Louis' son, hotelier and historian Peter Frankopan, defended his father's change from using the surname Doimi du Subic to using Frankopan: 'We were given the name Frangipani by the Pope in 1425. Then in 1671, the other branch of the family had their heads cut off. We lived in Dalmatia, along the coast, minding our own business. We always had the same name.”[17]
See also
References
- ^ a b c "Obitelj Frankopani". ARHiNET (digital archive information system of Croatian State Archives). Retrieved 2017-10-16.
- ^ a b c d e "Frankapan (Frankopan)". Croatian Biographical Lexicon by Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography (online edition). Retrieved 2017-10-16.
- ^ a b Nagy, Iván; Friebeisz, István (1858). "Magyarország családai: Czimerekkel és nemzékrendi táblákkal". Retrieved 2012-12-31.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ "Frangipane, Mario". Treccani - Enciclopedia Italiana (online edition). Retrieved 2017-10-16.
- ^ a b c "Frankapan (Frankopan)". Croatian Encyclopedia by Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography (online edition). Retrieved 2017-10-16.
- ^ a b "Frangipane (Frangipani)". Treccani - Enciclopedia Italiana (online edition). Retrieved 2017-10-16.
- ^ "Frankapani". Biographisches Lexikon zur Geschichte Südosteuropas (online edition). Retrieved 2017-10-27.
- ^ Daniele Farlati (1775). Illyricum sacrum, vol. 5. Sebastianum Coleti. p. 640.
- ^ Flaminio Cornelio (1749). Ecclesiae Venetae (Torcellanae). Pasquali. pp. 228, 229.
- ^ a b "Frankapan, Nikola IV (de Frangepan; Mikula, Nicolaus)". Croatian Biographical Lexicon by Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography (online edition). Retrieved 2017-10-16.
- ^ a b c [Gliubich, Simeone, Dizionario biografico degli uomini illustri della Dalmazia, Vienna, 1856, p. 136.]
- ^ Petar Strčić (2002). "Vončinin genealoški, onomasiološki i kronološki pristup Franji Krsti Frankopanu". Kolo (in Croatian) (2). Matica hrvatska. ISSN 1331-0992. Archived from the original on 2009-10-03. Retrieved 2013-02-10.
{{cite journal}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "119.16 Fragiapan, Begle, Segnie et Modrusse, Niclas Comes des, Bestätigung und Erneuerung der Rotwachsfreiheit". Österreichisches Staatsarchiv (digital archive information system of National Archives of Austria. Retrieved 2017-10-27.
- ^ "120.6 Frangiapan, Begle, Segnie et Modrusse, Niklas Comes de, Bestätigung und Erneuerung der Rotwachsfreiheit". Österreichisches Staatsarchiv (digital archive information system of National Archives of Austria. Retrieved 2017-10-27.
- ^ Österreichisches Staatsarchiv, Vienna, Reichsadelsakt Fragiapan, 1425, Dokument 120.6 & 119.16
- ^ "Louis Nicholas Anthony Doimi Frankopan". Times Obituaries Legacy. September 22, 2018.
- ^ a b Gapper, John (April 19, 2019). "Silk Roads author Peter Frankopan: 'We're in trouble in the long term'". Financial Times. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
- ^ "Lažno predstavljanje - Jeste li znali da postoje princ i princeza Frankopan Šubić Zrinski". dubrovniknet.hr. 2012-10-25.