→Biography: On August 1947, Fawzi al-Qawuqji threatened that, should the (U.N. partition) vote go the wrong way, “we will have to initiate total war. We will murder, wreck and ruin everything standing in our way, be it English, American or Jewish |
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Qawuqji remained there for the remainder of [[World War II]], and married a German woman (his third wife). In 1945 he was captured by [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] forces, and held prisoner until February 1947.<ref>Time, ''I Have Returned''</ref> |
Qawuqji remained there for the remainder of [[World War II]], and married a German woman (his third wife). In 1945 he was captured by [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] forces, and held prisoner until February 1947.<ref>Time, ''I Have Returned''</ref> |
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On August 1947, Fawzi al-Qawuqji threatened that, should the (U.N. partition) vote go the wrong way, “we will have to initiate total war. We will murder, wreck and ruin everything standing in our way, be it English, American or Jewish"<ref name="morris2008p61"/>. |
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In early March 1948, a "Teutonic looking" Qawuqji arrived in Palestine from [[Damascus]] at the head of several thousand Arab volunteers and said: "I have returned." Qawuqji was further described as "a redhaired, blue-eyed man, who looked more German than Arab."<ref>Time, ''I Have Returned''</ref> Jacques de Reynier, the delegate of the International Red Cross in Palestine confirms that he crossed the [[Allenby Bridge]] with his troops on March 6, 1948 and a day later he brought also his motorized troops into Palestine before the non-reacting British troops.<ref>De Reynier, Jacques. ''À Jérusalem un drapeau flottait sur la ligne de feu'' (1950) p.37</ref> |
In early March 1948, a "Teutonic looking" Qawuqji arrived in Palestine from [[Damascus]] at the head of several thousand Arab volunteers and said: "I have returned." Qawuqji was further described as "a redhaired, blue-eyed man, who looked more German than Arab."<ref>Time, ''I Have Returned''</ref> Jacques de Reynier, the delegate of the International Red Cross in Palestine confirms that he crossed the [[Allenby Bridge]] with his troops on March 6, 1948 and a day later he brought also his motorized troops into Palestine before the non-reacting British troops.<ref>De Reynier, Jacques. ''À Jérusalem un drapeau flottait sur la ligne de feu'' (1950) p.37</ref> |
Revision as of 10:07, 1 November 2013
Fawzi al-Qawuqji | |
---|---|
Native name | فوزي القاوقجي |
Born | Beirut, Ottoman Empire | January 19, 1890
Died | June 5, 1977 | (aged 87)
Allegiance |
|
Service/ | Arab Liberation Army |
Years of service | ?-1948 |
Battles/wars |
Fawzi al-Qawuqji (Arabic: فوزي القاوقجي; 1890–1977) was the field commander of the Arab Liberation Army (ALA) during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War in Palestine, and a rival of the principal Palestinian Arab leader, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Husseini.
Biography
Qawuqji was born in 1890 in Beirut, which was then part of the Ottoman Empire.[nb 1] An Arab nationalist, he served as an officer in the Ottoman Army during World War I.
After Syria became a French Mandate, Qawuqji joined the French-Syrian Army and received formal training at the French École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr. During the rebellion of 1925–1927, he deserted the French Army to join the rebellion, leading the uprising in Hama in early October 1925. Qawuqji remained an outlaw thereafter.[3]
Qawuqji fought against the British in the Mandate of Palestine during the 1936-1939 Arab revolt in Palestine. He was in the Kingdom of Iraq during the Rashid Ali coup of 1941 and, during the subsequent Anglo-Iraqi War, he again fought against the British. When the Rashid Ali regime collapsed, Qawuqji and his irregular forces were targeted for destruction by the Mercol flying column and were chased out of Iraq. While still in Iraq, a British plane strafed and almost killed him.[4] After entering Vichy French-held Syria, Qawuqji made his way to Nazi Germany to recuperate.[5][6]
Qawuqji remained there for the remainder of World War II, and married a German woman (his third wife). In 1945 he was captured by Soviet forces, and held prisoner until February 1947.[7]
In early March 1948, a "Teutonic looking" Qawuqji arrived in Palestine from Damascus at the head of several thousand Arab volunteers and said: "I have returned." Qawuqji was further described as "a redhaired, blue-eyed man, who looked more German than Arab."[8] Jacques de Reynier, the delegate of the International Red Cross in Palestine confirms that he crossed the Allenby Bridge with his troops on March 6, 1948 and a day later he brought also his motorized troops into Palestine before the non-reacting British troops.[9]
The ALA's first major operation was to launch an attack on the Haganah base at Mishmar HaEmak in April 1948. The Haganah and Palmach counter-attacked and the ALA were routed with Qawuqji almost being captured. In October 1948 the last of the ALA forces were driven out of the Galilee in Operation Hiram.
Published works
- al-Qawuqji, Fauzi (1972): Memoirs of al-Qawuqji, Fauzi in Journal of Palestine Studies
See also
Notes
- Footnotes
- Citations
- ^ Nafi, p. 226
- ^ Time, I Have Returned
- ^ Lyman, p. 21
- ^ Time, I Have Returned
- ^ Lyman, p. 21
- ^ Lyman, p. 87
- ^ Time, I Have Returned
- ^ Time, I Have Returned
- ^ De Reynier, Jacques. À Jérusalem un drapeau flottait sur la ligne de feu (1950) p.37
References
- Lyman, Robert (2006). Iraq 1941: The Battles for Basra, Habbaniya, Fallujah and Baghdad. Campaign. Oxford, New York: Osprey Publishing. p. 96. ISBN 1-84176-991-6.
{{cite book}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=
(help) - Nafi, Basheer M. (1998), Arabism, Islamism and the Palestine question, 1908-1941: a political history, Garnet and Ithaca Press, ISBN 0-86372-235-0
External links
- "I Have Returned". Time Magazine. March 15, 1948. Retrieved October 31, 2009.
- "War for Jerusalem Road". Time Magazine. April 19, 1948. Retrieved October 31, 2009.