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WikiEditor1234567123 (talk | contribs) Returned to stable state. Don't vandalize the page and write your lies that are not even referenced. Бекханов you clearly have agenda against Ingush people since you wrote "the Ingush and Batsbi, who have nothing to do with the Dzurdzuks". Tags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
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{{Short description|Name in the Georgian Chronicles for Vainakh peoples}} |
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Dzurdzuki or Durdzuki (Georgian დურძუკები) is a medieval ethnonym used mainly in Georgian and Arabic sources in the 9th-18th centuries. They are the ancestors of the Chechens. |
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{{Short description|Name in the Georgian Chronicles for Vainakh peoples}} |
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Starting from the 9th-11th centuries, sources most often refer to Chechens as Durdzuks [31]. This term was well known by Leonty Mroveli (beginning of the 11th century). According to him, in the 11th-3rd centuries BC, Durdzukia "represented a clearly defined territorial community with an ethnically homogeneous population." Other medieval Georgian and Arabic-speaking authors also write about Durdzuki as a country. An anonymous author of the 12th century, presenting information about the peoples of the North Caucasus, mentions the "kings of Durdzuki". This message is acquired by Durdzukety (Durzuketi) in Georgian sources - this is the "country of Chechens" excluding the Ingush and Batsbi, who have nothing to do with the Dzurdzuks. |
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The '''Durdzuks''' ({{lang-ka|დურძუკები|tr}}), also known as '''Dzurdzuks''', was a Georgian name from ''[[The Georgian Chronicles]]'' used to describe a people in the [[North Caucasus]], the origins of whom is still a matter of debate, but frequently identified as possible ancestors of modern [[Nakh peoples]]. |
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==Ethnonym== |
==Ethnonym== |
Revision as of 22:06, 31 December 2022
The Durdzuks (Georgian: დურძუკები, romanized: durdzuk'ebi), also known as Dzurdzuks, was a Georgian name from The Georgian Chronicles used to describe a people in the North Caucasus, the origins of whom is still a matter of debate, but frequently identified as possible ancestors of modern Nakh peoples.
Ethnonym
Durdzuk is a medieval ethnonym used mainly in Georgian, Armenian and Arabic sources in the 9th-18th centuries, in which most researchers identify the Durdzuks as the ancestors of modern Chechens and Ingush. Some researchers localize the Durdzuks in the mountainous Ingushetia,[1][2][3][4] others believe that during the Middle Ages the population of Chechnya was known to the South Caucasian peoples under the name "Durdzuks" (or "Dzurdzuks"), and the population of Ingushetia under the names "Gligvi", "giligii".[5][6][7] The Georgian historian V. N. Gamrekeli claims that "Durdzuk" is definitely and, with all its references, uniformly localized, between Didoet-Dagestan in the east and the gorge of the Terek River, in the west.[8]
The Durdzuks are mentioned in the 7th-century work Geography of Armenia by Anania Shirakatsi as the Dourtsk (Armenian: Դուրծկք).[9][10]
History
According to the Georgian royal annals:
ხოლო შვილთა ზედა კავკასისთა იყო უფალ დურძუკ, ძე ტირეთისი.
And as for upon the sons of Caucasus there was a lord Durdzuk, son of Tiretis.[11]
Durdzuk was mentioned by the Chronicles as "the most distinguished among the descendants of Kavkas", who led his people, the Durdzuks, into the mountains, where they would become the ancestors of today's Vainakh peoples.[9] Before his death, Targamos [Togarmah] divided the country amongst his sons, with Kavkasos [Caucas], the eldest and most noble, receiving the Central Caucasus. Kavkasos engendered the Vainakh tribes, and his descendant, Durdzuk, who took residence in a mountainous region, later called "Dzurdzuketia" after him, established a strong state in the fourth and third centuries BC.[12]
ხოლო დურძუკ, რომელი უწარჩინებულეს იყო შვილთა შორის კავკასისთა, მივიდა და დაჯდა ნაპრალსა შინა მთისასა, და უწოდა სახელი თჳსი დურძუკეთი.
And as for this Durdzuk, who was one of the most honorable sons of Kavkas, came and set at the mountains, and gave it the name of his as Durdzuketi.[13]
N. G. Volkova, based on data from Georgian sources, concludes that in the early period the ethnonym "Dzurdzuki" covered all the Vainakhs, that is, the Ingush and Chechens as a whole. Further, she clarifies that by the late Middle Ages, the ethnic content of the name "dzurdzuki" had changed and meant only the Ingush. In particular, Vakhushti Bagrationi in his work “Descriptions of the Georgian Kingdom” mentions the regions “Dzurdzuketia”, “Kistetia” and “Gligvetia”, linking them with the territory of modern Ingushetia[14]
In the Armenian adaptation of Georgian Chronicles, the Durdzuks defeated the Scythians and became a significant power in the area in the region in the first millennium BC.[15]
According to Georgian Chronicles, the Durdzuks allied themselves with Georgia, and helped the first Georgian king Pharnavaz I of Iberia consolidate his reign against his unruly vassals. The alliance with Georgia was cemented when King Pharnavaz married a Durdzuk girl.[9]
და მოიყვანა ცოლი დურძუკელთა, ნათესავი კავკასისი.
And married he [Pharnavaz] a Durdzuk wife, a relative of the Caucasus.[16]
The Durdzuks are said to have raided Kakheti and Bazaleti during the reign of Mirian I, who invaded and ravaged the land of the Durdzuks in retaliation. Later on, the Durdzuks are mentioned fighting the Mongols alongside their Georgian allies as well as the Ossetians.[17] Durdzuk soldiers are also mentioned fighting alongside Georgians against the troops of Jalal al-Din Mangburni.[9] Queen Tamar of Georgia was highly esteemed, and the Durdzuks named daughters as well as bridges and other buildings after her.[18]
The "Gate of Durdzuks" mentioned in Georgian sources is thought to have been in the Assa gorge of Ingushetia, which is a path connecting the North and South Caucasus regions.[9]
See also
References
- ^ Klaproth, Julius von (1812). Reise in den Kaukasus und nach Georgien unter nommen in den Jahren 1807 and 1808. Halle und Berlin.
- ^ Genko, A. N. (1930). From the cultural past of the Ingush// Notes of the College of Orientalists at the Asian Museum of the USSR Academy of Sciences. pp. 681–761.
- ^ Yeremyan, S. T. (1939). Trade routes of Transcaucasia in the era of the Sassanids. According to Tabula Peutingiriana // VDI.
- ^ Sotavov and Meyer (1991). The North Caucasus in Russian-Iranian and Russian-Turkish relations in the 18th century.
- ^ Merzbacher Aus den Hochregionen des Kaukasus. Wanderungen, Erlebnisse, Beobachtungen, G. (1901). Aus den Hochregionen des Kaukasus. Wanderungen, Erlebnisse, Beobachtungen.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Markovin, V.I. (1965). In the gorges of Argun and Fortanga.
- ^ Merzbacher, G. (1905). To the ethnography of the inhabitants of the Caucasian Alps.
- ^ Gamrekeli, V.N. (1961). Dval and Dvaletia in the I-XV centuries. p. 27.
- ^ a b c d e Anchabadze, George. "The Vainakhs." (2009).
- ^ Eremian, S. T. (1973). "«Աշխարհացոյցի» սկզբնական բնագրի վերականգնման փորձ" [An Attempt at Restoring the Original Text of „Aškharhacoyc"]. Patma-Banasirakan Handes. 2: 270 – via Pan-Armenian Digital Library.
- ^ Georgian royal annals, Life of Kartli, 2-20
- ^ Jaimoukha, Amjad (2004-11-10). The Chechens. Routledge. p. 31. doi:10.4324/9780203356432. ISBN 978-0-203-35643-2.
- ^ Georgian royal annals, Life of Kartli, 2-23
- ^ Волкова, Н.Г. (1973). Этнонимы и племенные названия Северного Кавказа / Ответ. ред. Л. И. Лавров. — АН СССР. Ин-т этнографии им. Н. Н. Миклухо-Маклая. — М.: Наука (ГРВЛ),.
- ^ Jaimoukha, Amjad (2004-11-10). The Chechens. doi:10.4324/9780203356432. ISBN 9780203356432.
- ^ Georgian royal annals, Life of Kartli, 3-47
- ^ Howorth, Henry Hoyle. History of the Mongols, from the 9th to the 19th century. No. 85. Burt Franklin, 1888. Page 11.
- ^ WAKIZAKA, KEISUKE. "LIVING AS “NORTH CAUCASIANS” IN GEORGIA: IDENTITY AND INTEGRATION IN GEORGIA AMONG THE OSSETIAN AND THE CHECHEN-KIST COMMUNITIES." (2019). Page 78: "According to Kartlis Tskhovreba (History of Georgia) and works of the Georgian historian Leonti Mroveli in the 11th century, these relations began before Christ. In these sources, Vainakhs are called “Nachkhs”, “Ghlighvs”, “Dzurdzuks” and “Durdzuks”. At the turn of the 4th and 3rd centuries B.C., Parnavaz, the king of Iberia, married a woman from a Vainakh tribe in order to get support from the Highlanders.209 They fought alongside the Georgian kings for centuries. Vainakhs loved Queen Tamar and named their daughters, bridges and other constructions after her. In this way, high-level interaction and fusion among Vainakhs, Georgians and many other highlander tribes existed in history .210 In the process of Vainakhs’ settlement in Georgia, they were assimilated into Georgian society. In fact, there are tribes who insist that their origins are based on Chechnya and Ingushetia among Tushs, Khevsurs, Pshavs and Georgians in Kakheti and Mtskheta-Mtianeti. Some tribes in Chechnya and Ingushetia insist that they are Georgian-origin and that they emigrated to Chechnya and Ingushetia afterward..."
Further reading
- Гамрекели В. Н., Двалы и Двалетия в I-XV вв. н. э., Тб., 1961
- Шавхелишвили А. И., Из истории взаимоотношений между грузинским и чечено-ингушским народами (С древнейших времён до XV века), Грозный, 1963