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The '''Duchy of Pless''' ({{lang-de|Herzogtum Pleß}}, {{lang-pl|Księstwo Pszczyńskie}}, |
The '''Duchy of Pless''' or the '''Duchy of Pszczyna'''<ref name="Janczak">Julian Janczak, [http://books.google.com/books?id=H2AFAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Duchy+of+Pszczyna%22&dq=%22Duchy+of+Pszczyna%22&pgis=1 Zarys dziejów kartografii śląskiej do końca XVIII wieku], Opole: 1976. Accessed 2008-13-01</ref> ({{lang-de|Herzogtum Pleß}}, {{lang-pl|Księstwo Pszczyńskie}}, was a [[Duchies of Silesia|duchy of Silesia]], with its capital at [[Pszczyna]] (''Pless''), [[Poland]]. |
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At first the lands of Pszczyna were treated as a part of [[Little Poland]] ({{lang-pl|Małopolska}}) but in 1178 King of Poland [[Casimir II the Just]] gave them to one of the Dukes of Silesia, [[Mieszko I Tanglefoot]], who attached it to his lands, the duchies of [[Duchy of Opole|Opole]] and of [[Duchy of Racibórz|Racibórz]]. [[Leszek Pszczyński]] was forced to accept [[vassal]]ization by [[John I of Bohemia]] in 1327 putting the Duchy in the [[Bohemia]]n sphere of influence up until his death in 1336. For a time, the Duchy was ruled by the [[Přemyslid dynasty]]. From 1412 until 1452 Helena, sister of [[Jogaila]], ruled the Duchy. After her stepdaughter governed from 1452 until 1462 the [[George of Podebrady|House of Podebrady]] took over, and it was part of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown. The [[Thurzó]] family acquired the Duchy and sold it in 1548 to the [[Promnitz]] family, who ruled the Duchy with the approval of [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor]] until [[1765]]. |
At first the lands of Pszczyna were treated as a part of [[Little Poland]] ({{lang-pl|Małopolska}}) but in 1178 King of Poland [[Casimir II the Just]] gave them to one of the Dukes of Silesia, [[Mieszko I Tanglefoot]], who attached it to his lands, the duchies of [[Duchy of Opole|Opole]] and of [[Duchy of Racibórz|Racibórz]]. [[Leszek Pszczyński]] was forced to accept [[vassal]]ization by [[John I of Bohemia]] in 1327 putting the Duchy in the [[Bohemia]]n sphere of influence up until his death in 1336. For a time, the Duchy was ruled by the [[Přemyslid dynasty]]. From 1412 until 1452 Helena, sister of [[Jogaila]], ruled the Duchy. After her stepdaughter governed from 1452 until 1462 the [[George of Podebrady|House of Podebrady]] took over, and it was part of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown. The [[Thurzó]] family acquired the Duchy and sold it in 1548 to the [[Promnitz]] family, who ruled the Duchy with the approval of [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor]] until [[1765]]. |
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In the [[War of the Austrian Succession]] most of Silesia was conquered by [[Prussia]] |
In the [[War of the Austrian Succession]] (1740-1748) most of Silesia was conquered by [[Prussia]]. The [[Duke of Ratibor]]<ref>Victor Moritz Karl, prince of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst, also [[Prince of Corvey]]; younger brother of [[Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst]], later Chancellor, who had given up the family estates. Half of the district belonged to the Prince of Pless; the Hohenlohes owned much of the rest.</ref> represented the district of Pless-Rybnik in the parliament of the [[North German Confederation]]. In 1903, the Centre Party's delegation from Silesia was largely replaced, although by very thin majorities, by the Polish National Democrats.<ref> Anderson, p.1464-68.</ref> |
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The control of the Princes of Pless was not absolute; the [[Duke of Ratibor]],<ref>Victor Moritz Karl, prince of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst, also [[Prince of Corvey]]; younger brother of [[Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst]], later Chancellor, who had given up the family estates. Half of the district belonged to the Prince of Pless; the Hohenlohes owned much of the rest.</ref> who had represented the district of Pless-Rybnik in the parliament of the [[North German Confederation]], was defeated in the first election to the Imperial German Reichstag, in 1871 by [[Eduard Müller]], one of the founders of the [[Centre Party (Germany)|Centre Party]], although Hans Heinrich XI von Hochberg not only endorsed him, but had so much control over the local government that he used the constables as election workers, parading the streets with drums to get out the vote; he also threatened, for example, to end wood-gathering rights for those who displeased him. In 1903, the Centre Party's delegation from Silesia was largely replaced, although by very thin majorities, by the Polish National Democrats.<ref> Anderson, p.1464-68.</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
Revision as of 23:39, 13 January 2008
The Duchy of Pless or the Duchy of Pszczyna[1] (German: Herzogtum Pleß, Polish: Księstwo Pszczyńskie, was a duchy of Silesia, with its capital at Pszczyna (Pless), Poland.
At first the lands of Pszczyna were treated as a part of Little Poland (Polish: Małopolska) but in 1178 King of Poland Casimir II the Just gave them to one of the Dukes of Silesia, Mieszko I Tanglefoot, who attached it to his lands, the duchies of Opole and of Racibórz. Leszek Pszczyński was forced to accept vassalization by John I of Bohemia in 1327 putting the Duchy in the Bohemian sphere of influence up until his death in 1336. For a time, the Duchy was ruled by the Přemyslid dynasty. From 1412 until 1452 Helena, sister of Jogaila, ruled the Duchy. After her stepdaughter governed from 1452 until 1462 the House of Podebrady took over, and it was part of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown. The Thurzó family acquired the Duchy and sold it in 1548 to the Promnitz family, who ruled the Duchy with the approval of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor until 1765.
In the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748) most of Silesia was conquered by Prussia. The Duke of Ratibor[2] represented the district of Pless-Rybnik in the parliament of the North German Confederation. In 1903, the Centre Party's delegation from Silesia was largely replaced, although by very thin majorities, by the Polish National Democrats.[3]
The lands retained a large Polish-speaking majority (86% in the Prussian Census of 1867) and were reattached to Poland in 1922, as part of the settlement after the Silesian Uprisings.
References
- ^ Julian Janczak, Zarys dziejów kartografii śląskiej do końca XVIII wieku, Opole: 1976. Accessed 2008-13-01
- ^ Victor Moritz Karl, prince of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst, also Prince of Corvey; younger brother of Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, later Chancellor, who had given up the family estates. Half of the district belonged to the Prince of Pless; the Hohenlohes owned much of the rest.
- ^ Anderson, p.1464-68.
- Margaret Lavinia Anderson, "Voter, Junker, Landrat, Priest: The Old Authorities and the New Franchise in Imperial Germany" The American Historical Review, Vol. 98, No. 5. (Dec., 1993), pp. 1448-1474. JSTOR link.
- Theodor G. Ahrens, "The Present Status of the European Bison or Wisent" Journal of Mammalogy, Vol. 2, No. 2. (May, 1921), pp. 58-62.JSTOR link.
- Daisy, Princess of Pless, by Herself. New York (1929) Ed. and Introd. by Maj. Desmond Chapman-Huston.