Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station | |||||||||||||||||||||
General information | |||||||||||||||||||||
Location | 11 Orchard Road Singapore 238826 (NSL)[1] 13 Orchard Road Singapore 238893 (CCL)[2] 60 Orchard Road Singapore 238889 (NEL)[3] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Coordinates | 1°17′57″N 103°50′45″E / 1.299156°N 103.845736°E | ||||||||||||||||||||
Operated by | SMRT Trains Ltd (SMRT Corporation) (North South & Circle lines) SBS Transit Ltd (ComfortDelGro Corporation) (North East line) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Line(s) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Platforms | 6 (3 island platforms) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Tracks | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Connections | Bus, taxi | ||||||||||||||||||||
Construction | |||||||||||||||||||||
Structure type | Underground | ||||||||||||||||||||
Depth | 28 metres (92 ft)[4] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Platform levels | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Parking | Yes (Plaza Singapura, The Cathay) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Bicycle facilities | Yes (External) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accessible | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||||||||||
Opened | 12 December 1987 20 June 2003 (North East line) 17 April 2010 (Circle line) | (North South line)||||||||||||||||||||
Electrified | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||
Services | |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Dhoby Ghaut MRT station is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) interchange station on the North South line (NSL), North East line (NEL) and Circle line (CCL) in Singapore. Located in Dhoby Ghaut, Museum Planning Area, at the eastern end of Orchard Road shopping belt, the station is beneath Orchard Road and The Atrium@Orchard shopping mall. The station is near landmarks such as The Istana, the MacDonald House, Plaza Singapura and Dhoby Ghaut Green.
The station opened in 1987 as part of the original MRT line extension to Outram Park station. Since 4 November 1989, the NSL (then from the Yishun to Marina Bay stations) has served the station. The NEL station opened in 2003, followed by the CCL station in 2010. As of 2021, Dhoby Ghaut station is the only triple-line MRT interchange station in Singapore and is one of the deepest stations in Singapore with five basement levels; its deepest point is at 28 metres (92 ft) below ground. The NEL and CCL station features three Art-in-Transit artworks with two sets of Art Seats at the CCL station, alongside an art piece above the NSL platforms.
History
North South line (NSL) station
Contract 106 for the design and construction of Dhoby Ghaut NSL station[5] was awarded to a joint venture between French contractor Campenon-Bernard and Singapore Piling and Civil Engineering Company Limited.[6][7] The S$51.3 million (US$24.28 million) contract, awarded in October 1983, included the construction of 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) of tunnels between the Somerset and City Hall stations.[6] Before work began, tenants of Amber Mansions had had to move out to make way for the construction of this station; the land had already been marked for acquisition in 1978.[8]
Due to the station's soft marine clay,[9] jet grouting was used to stabilize the soil.[10] In January 1985, the soft soil led to a tunnel cave-in, which formed a 6-metre (20 ft) wide hole near Cathay Cinema.[11] The hole was refilled and the soil was further strengthened by injecting a concrete mixture.[9] On 17 June, an engineer died when a crane fell into the work shaft and crushed him.[12][13] Investigations revealed that the three pieces of timber, intended to support the crane, were not properly fastened and inadequate in providing support.[14] The contractor was fined S$1,000 (US$475) for failing to ensure that the crane was capable of handling the load.[15] Despite the incidents, structural work for the station was completed in September that year.[16]
To help people to become more familiar with the system, the Mass Rapid Transit Corporation (MRTC) organised an open house at the station on 6 December 1987.[17] Train services at the station commenced on 12 December when the line extension to Outram Park station was officially completed.[18][19] The station then served the NSL to Marina Bay station after the system operational split on 4 November 1989.[20][21] In September 2000, the Land Transport Authority (LTA) installed lifts to allow barrier-free access to the station.[22]
North East line (NEL) station
Plans were made in 1986 for a new line from Outram Park station via Dhoby Ghaut to Punggol station in the northeast.[23] These were finalised as the North East line in January 1996.[24][25] In August 1997, the LTA awarded Contract C707 for the construction of the NEL station[26] to Obayashi Corporation.[27] The S$268 million (US$190 million) contract included the construction of two commercial buildings above the station.[28][29] Construction of the station began in 1996[28] and was completed in April 2002.[27] NEL services commenced on 20 June 2003.[30]
The NEL station was constructed with considerable difficulty. The new station site was situated 3 meters (9.8 ft) from the existing NSL station, and the NEL tunnels were constructed 5 meters (16 ft) below the NSL tunnels. Motion detectors had to be set up to monitor the effects of the construction. The construction involved removing part of Mount Sophia, the hill above the station, to facilitate the station's construction. A high sheet pile wall 8 meters (26 ft) tall, restrained with ground anchors, was built to support the remaining section of the hill.[31]
Another construction difficulty was the irregular shapes and varying sizes of the station's five levels bound by space constraints.[32] This made it difficult to install the site's temporary retaining walls because of the many voids in between the station levels.[31] As well, the Stamford Canal that bisected the station had to be rerouted to a temporary canal. The old canal box was rebuilt and replaced by a new, larger one. The new box, which currently lies above the second level of the station, was supported temporarily by steel piles while the station box was being constructed.[32][33][note 1]
Circle line (CCL) station
The station box for the Circle line had been put in place during the construction of the NEL station.[26] In the planning stages of the Marina Line (MRL), which will become the CCL Stage 1, the station was to be the terminus of one of the line's branches.[35] The MRL was later confirmed to serve from this station to Stadium station in November 1999.[36][37] The station became part of CCL Stage 1 when the MRL was incorporated into the CCL in 2001.[38][39]
On 7 August 2001. the LTA awarded Contract 825 for the design and construction of the CCL station and associated tunnels to a joint venture among Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Co. (Singapore) Pte Ltd, Woh Hup Pte Ltd and NCC International AB.[38][40] The S$343.9 million (US$192 million) contract included the construction of the Bras Basah, Esplanade and Promenade stations.[41][42] During construction, part of Orchard Road had to be realigned for three months from 10 June 2002.[43] As the CCL station had to be built beneath the underpass linking the NEL and NSL platforms, support was needed to keep the underpass stable. Seven caisson piles were installed to enhance the support of the underpass and capping beams were then constructed to form the supporting system.[44] Along with the other stations on Stages 1 and 2,[note 2] the station began operations on 17 April 2010.[45][46]
Station details
Location and name
The station is located in the eponymous Dhoby Ghaut along the eastern end of Orchard Road, near the junction of Handy Road and Bras Basah Road,[1][47] on a former Jewish cemetery which was in operation between 1841 and 1983.[48] The station name, Dhoby Ghaut, reflects the area's heritage as a traditional Indian open air laundry.[49][50]
The station is within walking distance of landmarks like The Istana, the MacDonald House, the Young Men's Christian Association building, the House of Tan Yeok Nee, Singapore Management University and the National Museum of Singapore. It is underneath retail and commercial developments such as Plaza Singapura and The Atrium@Orchard shopping mall.[51][52]
Services
The station is served by the North South line, North East line and Circle line and is the only triple-line interchange on the MRT network as of May 2021. The official station code is NS24/NE6/CC1.[53] On the NSL, the station is between the Somerset and City Hall stations,[53] with a headway of 2 to 5 minutes in both directions.[54] The station is between the Clarke Quay and Little India stations on the NEL[53] with a headway of 2.5 to 5 minutes in both directions.[54] The station is the terminus of CCL, with the next adjacent station being Bras Basah station.[53] Train frequencies on the line generally range from 5 to 6 minutes and increases to 2 to 3 minutes during peak hours.[54]
Station design
Serving three MRT lines, the five-level underground station[55] is the largest station on the network.[4] The 180 metres (590 ft) long NSL station, designed by French architect Spielman and local partner Chok and Associates,[56] has brown and black geometric patterns that run throughout the station.[57] These patterns guide passengers to the platforms, which has diamond-shaped tiles to indicate the platform screen doors.[56] Initially with three levels,[56] the station expanded to five levels with the NEL platforms.[55]
The NEL platforms, constructed 28 metres (92 ft) below ground, were the deepest on the network[58] until they were surpassed by Bras Basah station on the CCL in 2010.[59] The expanded station is integrated with the twin-towered office complex Atrium@Orchard above the station. The first such integration on the MRT network,[4][55] it allows for more efficient land use while improving access to public transport.[29]
Dhoby Ghaut station itself is not designated as a Civil Defence (CD) shelter;[60] an underground car park underneath the ten-storey tower are designated shelters instead.[29] This makes the station more spacious while lighting up the station with natural light entering via Light "wells".[4][60] The station architecture received an "honourable mention" at the 7th Singapore Institute of Architects (SIA) Design Awards in 2003.[61]
Public art
A mobile sculpture by Tan Ping Chiang is suspended from the ceiling in the NSL concourse. Intended to depict Singapore's multiracial culture, the sculpture is designed in three parts; the largest section portrays the traditional and contemporary musical instruments of Singapore's different ethnic groups, while the two smaller parts portray the dances of these ethnic groups and opera masks.[62] At the NEL and CCL platforms, four other artworks are displayed as part of the MRT network Art-in-Transit programme, a showcase that integrates public artwork in the MRT network.[63]
Interchange
Milenko and Delia Prvacki's artwork Interchange is displayed across the linkway between the NSL and NEL portions of the interchange.[64] Featured on the walls, columns and the floor,[63] including the floor mosaic at the foot of the escalators and ceramic works on four pillars,[64] the artwork is a combination Delia's ceramic works with Milenko's earthy mosaics.[65] Seeking to reflect the diversity of Singapore's and the regional culture and artistic heritage.[63], the Prvackis integrated various local and regional cultural elements such as batik, Peranakan clothing and Chinese ceramics.[66][67]
The first major collaborative work between the couple, the station's role as an interchange between the lines, its layout and the cultural history of Singapore inspired the artwork.[66][67] The artists fused these elements to create modern art "expressed in a marriage of languages",[66] while being sensitive to tradition and environment.[67] Delia's ceramics pay homage to Chinese ceramics through incorporating their elements. Delia had a fascination with Chinese ceramics since she was first introduced to them by a teacher 30 years ago, and she took the opportunity to renew her passion.[66] The mosaics are closely related to Milenko's life experiences and sense of identity. He explained that, in his home country of Serbia, mosaic is an important artistic form in Byzantine culture.[68]
Unlike many other NEL artworks, the work was crafted by hand by the artists themselves. For his portion of the artwork, Milenko had to handcraft thousands of miniature mosaic tiles using four assistants.[68] To emphasise the fusion of the artwork, the artists subtly adapted elements of each other's portions in their works. Delia's porcelains were integrated into Milenko's mosaics while his mosaic patterns were among the various spiral and elliptical shapes of Delia's tiles.[69] Certain motifs, symbols and colours are repeated so the various independent components of the work remain thematically united.[67] Reflecting on the artwork, the Prvackis said that the project was a learning experience for them that required stretching their artistic thinking[69] within the structural requirements while meeting the needs of commuters.[67] Milenko added it was a "rare pleasure" working with his wife on the project.[69]
Universal Language
Another artwork, Universal Language by Sun Yu-Li, consists of 180 floor tiles with various motifs distributed across the station. These tiles, accompanied by 14 glass plates strategically positioned in the station, act as wayfinding icons and guide commuters through the complex interchange via six different routes.[64] These symbols lead to a large floor mosaic and a glass wall mural displayed at the centre of the station at Basement 2. The mosaic and mural incorporate the motifs used on the tiles.[65][70]
The artwork, which reflects Sun's background as an architect, was created to address the station's complex layout. Sun simultaneously wanted commuters to enjoy his work. Derived from the station's role as a "gateway" for arts and culture in the area, he hoped to explore an "objective" and "pure form of expression" that connect to all cultures.[70] This led Sun to develop a "universal language of symbols" based on prehistoric art. The hunter, dancer, rider, animal, fish and bird were used as different sets of symbols for each of the six routes.[71] The initial concept was for the figures to emerge over time after accumulating dust and dirt. However, to improve the visibility of certain complex shapes, the figures were chemically treated.[72]
Man and Environment
The CCL station features a wall relief, Man and Environment by Baet Yeok Kuan.[63][73] The work consists of 36 white gypsum sculptures across the three columns supporting the CCL station. These sculptures depict unusual textures the artist captured in the station's vicinity alongside impressions of rocks and plants.[63][74] The artwork is intended to urge commuters to be attentive to smaller details within their surroundings,[63] while relieving the pressures of commuting through the fast-paced station environment.[75]
In creating the artwork, Baet used pencil and paper to sketch rubbings, and he used plasticine to capture moulds. He used the collection of impressions as inspiration for the series of organic forms that the artwork uses.[74] The work intends to connect commuters to their immediate environment while considering the station's functionality and environment. The sculptures are kept in their original white—the colour of the gypsum used to construct the station and artwork—to blend well with the orange walls of the station, which signify the CCL's colour. By using white for the work, Baet intended to avoid distracting commuters and hoped to make audiences comfortable.[76]
The work was produced over three months. Each of the 1 by 0.9 m (3.3 by 3.0 ft) art pieces was hand-sculpted in clay to create the mould for the actual gypsum sculpture. Baet was closely involved in the process and ensured the work had an organic and smooth texture.[76] The sculptures were installed carefully near the operational area of the station to prevent disruption to commuters. The final touches to the work were moulded by hand, rather than using noisier and dustier power tools. Reflecting on his work, Baet felt he had "served the public" and found the project to be "very meaningful"; he hoped for his work to be relevant to commuters' daily travels.[77]
Art Seats
The CCL platforms feature two sets of Art Seats, which are designed to enhance commuters' experience on the line while remaining functional and feasible.[78] Two entries—Matrix and Rain, both by Lui Honfay and Yasmine Chan—were selected through the International Art Seats Design Competition in 2006.[79][80] Matrix, which received the top prize in the international competition, consists of a series of benches engraved with the station name in a dot-matrix style on the seat surface. The dot-matrix system was adopted, as it was flexible enough to be mass-produced for use in many stations.[73] The intriguing combination of signage and seat "impressed" the judges who awarded it the top prize.[81]
Rain, which secured second place in the competition, showcases steel seats in the shape of water puddles. The seats' design was intended to include a "natural element in an abstract matter", bringing a "refreshing and rejuvenating experience" related to the aftermath of rainfall.[73] Initially called Unidentified Floating Objects, the seats were to be made of stainless steel reflecting the platform floor. This would give the impression that they were floating. However, the LTA felt the polished steel would attract vandalism and would not withstand daily use, so the seats have a matte finish instead. Honfay and Chan also intended to create many variants of the design but, ultimately, only one design was employed to minimise costs. The artists then re-conceptualised the artwork as Rain and added a layer of graphics on the seats resembling water ripples. The competition's judges praised the work for its organic form, which contrasted against the linear forms of the platform with its "soft and friendly" design.[82][note 3]
Notes and references
Notes
- ^ The station construction also required liaison with owners of the buildings and businesses in the area, ensuring the stability and smooth operations of the surrounding businesses above ground.[34]
- ^ The CCL Stages 1 and 2 comprises of 11 stations from this station to Tai Seng.[45]
- ^ These seats are also displayed in the other CCL interchange stations, such as Buona Vista and Bishan stations.
References
- ^ a b "Dhoby Ghaut MRT Station (NS24)". OneMap. Singapore Land Authority. Archived from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
- ^ "Dhoby Ghaut MRT Station (CC1)". OneMap. Singapore Land Authority. Archived from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
- ^ "Dhoby Ghaut MRT Station (NE6)". OneMap. Singapore Land Authority.
- ^ a b c d "Dhoby Ghaut MRT Station". SAA. Archived from the original on 3 September 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
- ^ "Tenders for MRT contracts". The Business Times. 31 March 1983. Archived from the original on 10 September 2020.
- ^ a b "More local Arms getting involved". Singapore Monitor. 9 October 1983. Archived from the original on 10 September 2020.
- ^ "CW Singapore : Civil Engineering Projects". cwspore.com. Archived from the original on 9 June 2020. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
- ^ "MRT station at Amber Mansions". The Business Times. 13 November 1982. Archived from the original on 10 September 2020.
- ^ a b Dhaliwal, Rav (12 January 1985). "Dhoby Ghaut cave-in holds up MRT work". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 10 September 2020.
- ^ "Work on MRT moving ahead as planned". The Business Times. 4 January 1985. Archived from the original on 10 September 2020.
- ^ "Small cave-in at Dhoby Ghaut site". Business Times. 12 January 1985. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
- ^ "Fatal mishap at MRT worksite caused by falling crane". Singapore Monitor. 18 June 1985. Archived from the original on 10 September 2020.
- ^ "Engineer dies in MRT accident". The Business Times. 18 June 1985. Archived from the original on 10 September 2020.
- ^ "Outrigger footing not properly linked: Engineer". The Straits Times. 10 September 1987. Archived from the original on 10 September 2020.
- ^ "MRT contractor fined over death at worksite". The Straits Times. 22 January 1988. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
- ^ "MRT job done on time despite obstacles". The Straits Times. 12 September 1985. Archived from the original on 10 September 2020.
- ^ "Open days at 9 MRT stations". The Straits Times. 13 November 1987. Archived from the original on 4 January 2019.
- ^ "20 stations by next year". The Straits Times. 6 November 1987. Archived from the original on 10 September 2020.
- ^ Rav, Dhaliwal (12 December 1987). "Shopping for Xmas the MRT way..." Straits Times. Archived from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 19 September 2017 – via eResources.
- ^ Dhaliwal, Rav (5 November 1986). "MRT Trains to Pasir Ris from Dec 16". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 23 August 2020.
- ^ "18 mins from City Hall to Tanah Merah by MRT from Nov 4". The Straits Times. 15 October 1984. Archived from the original on 23 August 2020. Retrieved 23 August 2020.
- ^ "More MRT stops ready for disabled". The Straits Times. 24 December 2002. p. 1.
- ^ "MRT Extension". The Straits Times. 30 March 1986. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020.
- ^ Leong 2003, p. 31.
- ^ "Immediate start for north-east line". The Straits Times. 20 January 1996.
- ^ a b Leong 2003, p. 107.
- ^ a b "MRT North-East Line Contract C707 (Dhoby Ghaut Station) – Obayashi Singapore". obayashi.com.sg. Archived from the original on 13 November 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
- ^ a b "LTA's first at Dhoby Ghaut". Business Times. 12 August 1997. p. 5.
- ^ a b c "Topping-Out Of Commercial Development Above Dhoby Ghaut MRT Station". lta.gov.sg. 12 April 2001. Archived from the original on 23 April 2010.
- ^ "North East Line Opens for Passenger Service!". lta.gov.sg. 20 June 2003. Archived from the original on 3 December 2007.
- ^ a b Leong 2003, p. 100.
- ^ a b "Dhoby Ghaut Mass Rapid Interchange Station-Singapore". WSPglobal. Archived from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
- ^ Leong 2003, p. 102.
- ^ Leong 2003, p. 105–107.
- ^ "Plans for new Marina train line are rolling". The Business Times. 16 October 1997.
The proposed 12-kilometre (7.5 mi) Marina line... is likely to start from Kallang MRT station,... (joining) People's Park (Chinatown) station (and) there will be a branch running from Marina Centre to the Dhoby Ghaut MRT station.
- ^ "6 stations for Marina line's first phase". The Straits Times. 25 November 1999. p. 3.
- ^ "Marina rail line to be scaled back". The Business Times. 25 November 1999. p. 3.
- ^ a b "Stage 1 of the Circle Line". lta.gov.sg. Archived from the original on 10 April 2008. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
- ^ "Circle Line and Kallang/Paya Lebar Expressway: Joint Press Statement by Ministry of Communications and Information Technology and Ministry of Law". Home – Archives Online. 28 April 2001. Archived from the original on 6 March 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
- ^ "Project LTA C825 STECS". stecs2. Archived from the original on 3 September 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
- ^ "LTA Annual Safety Award Convention 2005". lta.gov.sg. Archived from the original on 30 November 2009.
- ^ "Award Of Second Civil Works Contract For The Marina Line". lta.gov.sg. 7 August 2001. Archived from the original on 1 May 2009. Retrieved 2 May 2009.
- ^ "Temporary Traffic Diversion And Road Realignment For Construction Of Circle Line Stage 1". lta.gov.sg. Archived from the original on 23 April 2010.
- ^ Colin, Cheong (2012). The Circle Line, Linking All Lines. p. 46. ISBN 978-981-4342-02-5.
- ^ a b "Circle Line from Bartley to Dhoby Ghaut to Open 17 April". lta.gov.sg. Archived from the original on 21 June 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2010.
- ^ "Welcome Remarks By Mr Raymond Lim At The Opening Of The Circle Line From Dhoby Ghaut To Bartley on 16 April 2010". mot.gov.sg. Archived from the original on 1 May 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
- ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (31 March 2020). "Dhoby Ghaut station" (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
{{cite map}}
:|author=
has generic name (help) - ^ "Fears about past burial grounds soon laid to rest". 27 May 2016. Archived from the original on 20 December 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
- ^ "Dhoby Ghaut". Infopedia. National Library Board. Archived from the original on 11 December 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
- ^ "Dhoby Ghaut". roots.sg. Archived from the original on 10 September 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
- ^ "SMRT > Journey with Us > Trains > NetworkMap > DhobyGhaut". SMRT Corporation Ltd. 4 February 2015. Archived from the original on 31 January 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ "Train Service Information". SBSTransit (in Kinyarwanda). Archived from the original on 9 June 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ a b c d "MRT System Map" (PDF). lta.gov.sg. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 August 2020.
- ^ a b c "Transport Tools – MRT/LRT". lta.gov.sg. 6 May 2020. Archived from the original on 1 November 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
- ^ a b c "North East Line: Dhoby Ghaut Station". lta.gov.sg. Archived from the original on 4 July 2006. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ a b c "Decorative tiles that serve as a guide". The Straits Times. 15 January 1988. Archived from the original on 10 September 2020.
- ^ "Reflections of our lifestyle". The Straits Times. 12 December 1987. Archived from the original on 10 September 2020.
- ^ "Photo Gallery – Integrated Developments and Interchange Stations". lta.gov.sg. Archived from the original on 8 December 2011.
- ^ "Factsheet Bras Basah Station" (PDF). lta.gov.sg. 16 April 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
- ^ a b Leong 2003, p. 94.
- ^ "Dhoby Ghaut Interchange Station Wins SIA Award". lta.gov.sg. Archived from the original on 3 December 2007.
- ^ "Dhoby Ghaut station catches the eye with 'lantern of music'". The Straits Times. Singapore. 6 December 1987. p. 19. Retrieved 17 December 2020 – via NewspaperSG.
- ^ a b c d e f "Getting Around – Public Transport – A Better Public Transport Experience – Art in Transit". lta.gov.sg. 7 April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 April 2020. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
- ^ a b c "North East Line: Dhoby Ghaut Station". lta.gov.sg. Archived from the original on 4 July 2006. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ a b "Art-in-Transit – SBSTransit". sbstransit.com.sg. Archived from the original on 21 April 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
- ^ a b c d Tan 2003, p. 78.
- ^ a b c d e "Mosaics and murals at the Dhoby Ghaut Interchange MRT Station (Basement 3)". Delia Prvacki. 31 March 2021. Archived from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
- ^ a b Tan 2003, p. 79.
- ^ a b c Tan 2003, p. 80.
- ^ a b Tan 2003, p. 70.
- ^ Tan 2003, p. 73.
- ^ Tan 2003, p. 75.
- ^ a b c "Annex B: Summary of CCL Art-in-Transit Concepts" (PDF). lta.gov.sg. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 October 2011. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
- ^ a b Zhuang 2013, p. 20.
- ^ "Circle Line Art" (PDF). lta.gov.sg. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 February 2017.
- ^ a b Zhuang 2013, p. 22.
- ^ Zhuang 2013, p. 23.
- ^ Zhuang 2013, pp. 188, 193.
- ^ "Art in Transit". Infopedia. National Library Board. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
- ^ "Art Is Everywhere". lta.gov.sg. Archived from the original on 1 May 2009. Retrieved 3 May 2009.
- ^ Zhuang 2013, pp. 188–189.
- ^ Zhuang 2013, p. 192.
Bibliography
- Leong, Chan Teik (2003). Getting there : The story of the North East Line. Singapore: Land Transport Authority (LTA). ISBN 981-04-5886-X. OCLC 53383062.
- Tan, Su (2003). Art in transit : North East Line MRT. Singapore: Land Transport Authority. ISBN 981-04-7384-2. OCLC 52771106.
- Zhuang, Justin (2013). Art in transit : Circle Line MRT. Singapore: Land Transport Authority. ISBN 978-981-07-4982-8. OCLC 854958677.
External links
- SBS Transit's Dhoby Ghaut MRT station official website
- SMRT's Dhoby Ghaut MRT station official website
- Media related to Dhoby Ghaut MRT Station (category) at Wikimedia Commons